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ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES UNIDAD 2

Actividad 2. Solución de ecuaciones de segundo orden

Alumno: Gabriel Castellanos Martinez

Grupo: ER-EEDI-2202-B1-002

Docente: Dra. Karen Roa Tort

Universidad Abierta y a Distancia de México.

Ingeniería en Energías Renovables

Ecuaciones diferenciales

Unidad 2

10-agosto-2022
 2
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES UNIDAD 2
1. Identificar las siguientes ecuaciones y determinar si se trata de una ecuación

lineal homogénea o no homogénea.

Ecuación Clasificación

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 No homogénea
−𝟔 𝟐
+ 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒚 − 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎 Homogénea

𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟓𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 No homogénea

𝒚 + 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 No homogénea

𝟖𝒚 = −𝟏𝟔𝒚 No homogénea

2. Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales.

( )
i. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = 0: + 4𝑒 : (𝑒 ) + 4𝑒 = 0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 (𝑦 + 4): 𝛾 +
4 − 4 = 0 − 4: 𝑦 = √−4: 𝑦 = −√−4: 𝛾 = 2𝑖, 𝛾 = −2𝑖: 𝑒 (cos(2𝑡) +
𝑐 sin(2𝑡)) 𝑦 = 𝑐 cos(2𝑡) + 𝑐 sin(2𝑡)

ii. 𝑦 ′′ − 7𝑦 ′ = 0: (𝑒 ) − 7 (𝑒 ) : (𝑒 ) = 𝑦 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 − 7(𝑒 ) =
(𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾 = (𝑒 𝛾) = 𝛾 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 − 7𝑒 = 0: 𝑒 (𝛾 −
, ± ( ) ( )( ) , ± ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
7𝛾): 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 ( )
= 7: 𝑦 ( )
=
0: 𝑐 𝑒 +𝑐 𝑒 :𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑒 +𝑐

iii. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦=0 : (𝑒 ) + 4 (𝑒 ) + 5(𝑒 ): 𝑦 = (𝑒 ) = 𝑦 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 +

4(𝑒 ) + 5𝑒 = 0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 𝑦 𝑒 + 4𝑒 𝛾 + 5𝑒 = 0: 𝑒 (𝛾 + 4𝛾 + 4) =
, ± ( ) ( )( ) ± ( ) ( )( )
0: 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 , ( )
:𝑦 = ( )
= −2 + 𝑖: 𝑦 = ( )
=
−2 − 𝑖: 𝑐 𝑒 (𝑐 cos(𝑡) + 𝑐 sin(𝑡))

iv. 𝑑2 𝐼/𝑑𝑡 2 + 20 𝑑𝐼/𝑑𝑡 + 200𝐼 = 0: (𝑒 ) + 20 (𝑒 ) + 200(𝑒 ): (𝑒 ) =

𝑦 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 + 20(𝑒 ) + 200𝑒 = 0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 𝑦 𝑒 + 20𝑒 𝛾 + 200𝑒 =
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ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES UNIDAD 2
0: 𝑒 (𝛾 + 20𝛾 + 200) =
, ± ( ) ( )( ) , ± ( ) ( )( )
0: 𝑦 ( )
: 𝑦 ( )
=: 𝑦 = ( )
= −10 +
10𝑖: 𝑦 = ( )
= −10 − 10𝑖: 𝑦 = 𝑒 (𝑐 cos(10𝑡) + 𝑐 sin(10𝑡))

v. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = 0 con 𝑦 (0) = 1; 𝑦 ′(0) = −2: 𝐿{𝑦 + 4𝑦} = 𝐿{0}: 𝐿{𝑦 } +

4𝐿{𝑦}: 𝐿{𝑦 } = 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 (0): 𝐿{𝑦 } = 𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(0) ≔ 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} −
𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 (0) + 4 𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(0) : 𝐿{0} = 0: 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠(1) − (−2) +
4 𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(−1) : 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} + 𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠 − 2 = 0: 𝑠𝐿{𝑦}(𝑠 + 4): 𝐿{𝑦} =

( )
:𝐿 +𝐿 :𝐿 = :𝐿 = 𝑒 :𝑦= + 𝑒
( (

vi. 𝑦 ′′ − 6𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦 = 0 con 𝑦(0) = 3; 𝑦 ′(0) = 11:𝐿{𝑦 − 6𝑦 + 5𝑦} = 𝐿{0}: 𝐿{𝑦 } −

6𝐿{𝑦} + 5𝐿{𝑦}: 𝐿{𝑦 } = 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 (0): 𝐿{𝑦 } = 𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(0) ≔
𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 (0) − 6 𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(0) + 5{𝑦}: 𝐿{0} = 0: 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠(3) −
(11) − 6(𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 3) + 5𝐿{𝑦}: 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 6𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 3𝑠 + 5𝐿{𝑦} + 7: 𝐿{𝑦}(𝑠 − 6𝑠 +
{ }
5) = 3𝑠 − 7: ( )
= 𝐿{𝑦} = :𝐿 +𝐿 :𝐿 =
𝑒 :𝐿 = 2𝑒 : 𝑦 = 𝑒 + 2𝑒

vii. 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 17 = 0:y + 2y + 17 − 17 = 0 − 17: y ′′ + 2y ′ = −17: (𝑒 ) +

2 (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾(𝛾 + 2𝛾) =
, ± ( ) ( )( ) , ± ( ) ( )( )
0: 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 = ( )
= 0: 𝑦 = ( )
=
−2 = 𝑐 + 𝑐 𝑒 : (𝑎 𝑡) + 2 (𝑎 𝑡) = −17: 0 + 2 (𝑎 𝑡) = −17: 2𝑎 =
−17 = − :𝑦 =𝑐 +𝑐 𝑒 +

viii. 𝑑2𝑅/𝑑𝜃2 + 5 𝑑𝑅/𝑑𝜃 = 0: (𝑒 ) + 5 (𝑒 ) = 0: (𝑒 ) =𝑦 𝑒 :𝑦 𝑒 +

5(𝑒 ) = (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 𝑦 𝑒 + 5𝑒 𝛾: 𝑒 (𝛾 +
, ± ( ) ( )( ) ± ( ) ( )( )
5𝛾): 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 , ( )
:𝑦 = ( )
= 0: 𝑦 = ( )
=
−5: 𝑐 𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑒 :𝑦 =𝑐 +𝑐 𝑒
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ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES UNIDAD 2

ix. 𝑥̈+ 𝑥̇ + 2𝑥 = 0: (𝑒 ) + (𝑒 ) + 2(𝑒 ): (𝑒 ) = 𝑦 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 + (𝑒 ) +

2𝑒 = 0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 𝑦 𝑒 + 𝑒 𝛾 + 2𝑒 = 0: 𝑒 (𝛾 + 𝛾 +
± ( ) ( )( ) ± ( ) ( )( ) √ √ √
,
2): 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 , ( )
:𝑦 = ( )
=− +𝑖 :𝑦 =
√ √ √ √
( )
=− −𝑖 : 𝑦 = 𝑒 (𝑐 cos + 𝑐 sin )

x. 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 + 13𝑦 = 0 con 𝑦(0) = −1; 𝑦 ′(0) = 2:𝐿{𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 13𝑦} = 𝐿{0}: 𝐿{𝑦 } −

4𝐿{𝑦} + 13𝐿{𝑦}: 𝐿{𝑦 } = 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 (0): 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 (0) −
4𝐿{𝑦} + 13𝐿{𝑦}: 𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 (0) + 9𝐿{𝑦}

xi. 3𝑦’’ + 2𝑦’ + 𝑦 =0: 3 (𝑒 ) + 2 (𝑒 ) + (𝑒 ): (𝑒 ) = 𝑦 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 +

2(𝑒 ) + 𝑒 = 0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 𝑦 𝑒 + 2𝑒 𝛾 + 𝑒 = 0: 𝑒 (𝛾 + 2𝛾 +
, ± ( ) ( )( ) √ √ √ √
1): 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 = ( )
=− +𝑖 :𝑦 = ( )
=− −𝑖 :∶
√ √
𝑦=𝑐 𝑒 sin +𝑐 𝑒 cos

xii. 2𝑦’’ + 2𝑦’ + 𝑦 = 0: 2 (𝑒 ) + 2 (𝑒 ) + (𝑒 ): (𝑒 ) = 2𝑦 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 +

2(𝑒 ) + 𝑒 = 0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 2𝑦 𝑒 + 2𝑒 𝛾 + 𝑒 = 0: 𝑒 (𝛾 + 2𝛾 +
, ± ( ) ( )( ) ± ( ) ( )( )
1): 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 , ( )
:𝑦 = ( )
= − + 𝑖 :𝑦 =

( )
= − −𝑖 :𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑒 (sin 𝑡 + cos 𝑡 )∶𝑦=𝑐 𝑒 (sin + cos )

xiii. 𝑦’’ + 3𝑦’ + 2𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1: (𝑒 ) + 3 (𝑒 ) + 2(𝑒 ): (𝑒 ) =

𝑦 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 + 2(𝑒 ) + 2𝑒 = 0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 𝑦 𝑒 + 3𝑒 𝛾 + 2𝑒 =
, ± ( ) ( )( )
0: 𝑒 (𝛾 + 3𝛾 + 2): 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 = ( )
= −1: 𝑦 = ( )
=
−2: (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 ) + 3 (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 ) + 2 (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 ) =
3𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1: 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑒 +𝑐 𝑒 + − 5𝑥 +
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ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES UNIDAD 2

xiv. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 𝑒3x: (𝑒 ) + 4 (𝑒 ) + 4(𝑒 ): (𝑒 ) = 𝑦 𝑒 : 𝑦 𝑒 +

4(𝑒 ) + 4𝑒 = 0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 𝑦 𝑒 + 4𝑒 𝛾 + 4𝑒 = 0: 𝑒 (𝛾 + 4𝛾 +
, ± ( ) ( )( ) √
4): 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 = ( )
= −2: 𝑐 𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑥𝑒 : (𝑎 ) +
4 (𝑎 ) + 4𝑎 : 25𝑎 = 𝑒 :𝑎 = = 𝑒 :𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑥𝑒 +
𝑒

xv. 𝑦 ′′ + 8𝑦 ′ = 64x: (𝑒 ) + 8 (𝑒 ) : (𝑒 ) =𝑦 𝑒 :𝑦 𝑒 + 8(𝑒 ) =

, ± ( ) ( )( )
0: (𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝛾: 𝑦 𝑒 + 8𝑒 𝛾 = 0: 𝑒 (𝛾 + 8𝛾): 𝑦 ( )
:𝑦 =

( )
= 0: 𝑦 = ( )
= −8: 𝑐 𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑒 : 𝑎 +𝑎 +8 𝑎 +𝑎 =
2𝑎 + 8(2𝑎 + 𝑎 ) = 64𝑥: 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + (−1)𝑥: 4𝑥 − 𝑥: 𝑐 + 𝑐 𝑒 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥