Guía Unidad N°1 INGLES 3 SEMESTRE KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

ENME02
MECANICA II
Unit 1: Técnicas de Comprensión de Lectura de

Textos Especializados en Inglés.
Page 1 | ENME02 Workbook

Unit 1: Técnicas de Comprensión de Lectura de
Textos Especializados en Inglés.
APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN

1.1 Practica estrategias de comprensión de 1.1.1.Identifica significado de términos nuevos
lectura de manual de la especialidad en en manual de la especialidad en lengua
lengua inglesa, a fin de utilizar inglesa, mediante uso de diccionarios
herramientas de búsqueda de significados. físicos u online.
1.1.2.Reconoce la categoría gramatical de
Uso de manual de la especialidad. palabras seleccionadas en un manual en
Uso de diccionario físico y online español, según pauta dada.
Orden alfabético 1.1.3 Registra palabras que corresponden a
Distinción entre Function Words y Content words. ingles de la especialidad en manual
Article: a, an, the técnico, a fin de diferenciar palabras
estructurales de contenido.
Personal pronouns: it, they
1.2.1 identifica las ideas principales de un texto
Object pronouns: it, them
técnico de la especialidad, a fin de
Possessive adjectives: its, their comprender el texto a partir de una
Relative pronouns: who, which, that primera lectura rápida.
Conjunctions: and , but, or 1.2.2 Reconoce la idea principal del párrafo
Wh words: what al interior de una oración con significado: lo que, lo diferenciando el todo de sus partes, a fin
cual), when, where, how, how many, how much, how long, how late, de confirmar su comprensión de las ideas
how far and the like. del texto especializado.
Adverbs of time: before, while, after 1.2.3Produce breve síntesis del texto, mediante
Adverbs of frequency: always, sometimes, often, never. el registro secuenciado de las ideas
Content words en la lectura de textos especializados. principales seleccionadas en el texto
Adjetivos: color, shapes, surface. especializado.
Nouns: nombres de piezas y similar.
Verbs: técnicos
Técnicas de skimming y scanning aplicadas en manuales
CONTENTS

Articles: a/ an/ the.
There are four articles in English:
1. a
2. an
3. the
4. Ø
Every noun in English requires a, an, the, or Ø (or another determiner) and for every noun
we must answer four questions:
1. Is the noun countable or uncountable?
2. Is the noun definite or indefinite?
3. Is the noun generic or specific?
4. Is the noun common or proper?
A versus AN
Before we discuss the use of the articles a and an, try the following exercise.
EXERCISE 1 Underline a and an in the following passage. Try to make a rule about the
difference between these two articles.
Time is measured in a variety of ways. A nanosecond is one of the smallest units. An eon is
one of the largest. In our daily life we are more interested in time on a human scale: a
minute, an hour, a month, a year. An objective measurement of time is necessary for
scientific investigation. However, we also recognize subjective time. A one-hour movie can
feel like less time than sixty minutes of a boring lecture.
Think about this and conclude:

Twice in the passage the same letter follows both a and an:
A human scale a one-hour movie

An hour an objective measurement
Therefore your rule must be more specific than
A + consonant
An + vowel
Notice that the sound of the word following the article controls the choice of a or an:
A + consonant sound
An + vowel sound

EXERCISE 2 Circle the correct answer.
Our solar system, 1(a an) one – star system of nine planets, was formed
approximately 4.5 billion years ago from 2(a an) universe of cosmic gas and dust.
Life in the form of bacterial cells already existed 3(a an) billion years later. How did
life form? Did 4 (a an) X ray from space strike 5(a an) carbon atom in just the right
manner to produce the compound of life? Was it 6(a an) lightning flash? Or was it
7 (a an) ultraviolet – light source. Nobody has 8 (a an) exact answer.
EXERCISE 3 Put a or an in the blanks.
A STUDENT ADVISER
(1) _______ student adviser at (2) _______ university can help (3) _______ student with (4)
_______ variety of problems. (5) _______ undergraduate adviser can help (6) _______
student to decide on (7) _______ major and (8) _______ course of study. If (9) _______
student is (10) _______ honor student, the adviser can recommend (11) _______ scholarship
or (12) _______ grant. If (13) _______ student is (14) _______ F student ((15) _______ failing
student), the adviser can help with personal problems if necessary and suggest ways to
improve study habits. (16) _______ foreign – student adviser is often (17) _______ helpful
friend to students who have come to study in (18) _______new country for the first time.
EXERCISE 4 Fill in the article A, AN or THE where necessary. Choose X where no article is used.
1. _________switch delivers ______status of parking to _______T/M controller.

2. Their truck does 49.5 kilometers _____hour.
3. Where is ______oil filter I put on the workbench this morning?
4. Do you still buy spare parts from ______United States?
5. Is your father working in ________old workshop I work every weekend?
6. Carol´s father works as _______mechanic.
7. The fuel is $560 _______liter.
8. What do you usually fix in _______ mornings?
9. Bob has _______only screwdriver I have.
10. After this activity you will have _______whole afternoon to explore the miswired connection..

Discuss with your teacher.
Its = The possessive form of it.

It’s = The contracted form of it is or it has
Their = The possessive form of they.

They’re= The contracted form of they are.
Third: Neuter es decir It Se refiere a Its Se usa al describir un Itself a si mismo.

objeto ya objeto y mencionar sus
neutro sin género,
mencionado atributos o pertenencias.
masculino o
Pronombres en la Ej: Its speed is about 45.9
femenino.
se lo oración kph. Su velocidad es
clasifica anterior. alrededor de 45.9 kph
como en
tercera
persona,
singular o
plural
Themself
Nonspecific: They Them (a Their (sus) Theirs (de ellos) se (themselves).
el género lo dirá el (ellos) ellos) es el posesivo usa para decir que algo es A ellos
contexto, ellos o de ellos y sirve de ellos. Ej: the function is
hace se refiere a mismos
ellas? para mencionar theirs. La función es de
referencia los o las que
las cosas que ellos.
a ellos o reciben la
pertenecen a un
ellas que acción del
objeto. Ej. Their
hacen verbo. Ej:
wheels turn left.
alguna add them.
acción. Ej
they run.

Personal pronouns: it / they
EXERCISE 5 Complete the following sentences with: it, they*
1. Disconnect the negative cable from the battery. _____is the black cable.
2. Remove the fuel lines from the fuel pressure regulator. _______are made of
steel.
3. The fuel injectors can be pulled from the intake manifold after the removal of the
fuel rail. _________can be taken with bare hands.
*case of Anaphora
Object pronouns: it / them

EXERCISE 6 Complete the sentences with it, them.
1. Install the air flow meter bracket bolts. Turn ______clockwise.

2. Fill the cooling system. Use the brand indicated by the manufacturer to avoid
damage _____.
3. Wrap the threads. Wrap _______with Teflon tape.
External thread
Internal thread

Possessive adjectives: its, their .
EXERCISE 7 Complete the sentences with its and their.
1. The battery has two cables. _____black cable is the negative one.
2. The module processes _______signals from sensors.
3. These are the Japanese sensors. ________functions are related to the engine
management.
Los pronombres it, they son palabras que pueden ser

usadas para reemplazar a un sustantivo mencionado
en la oración anterior.
TABLA DE PRONOMBRES
NOTA: Los pronombres destacados son los que se encuentran en los manuales de mecánica,
catálogos de especificaciones técnicas y hojas de servicio. Rara vez aparece n los demás.

SKIMMING TECHNIQUE USE:
Encierre en un círculo los pronombres destacados de la tabla anterior. Traduzca las primeras
oraciones de cada párrafo. Compárelas con las últimas oraciones de cada párrafo. Existe
conexión entre ellas?

EXERCISE 8 Read the paragraph. What are the headings? Sub headings? Make a word map for
both systems. .

TEST #1
NAME ___________________DATE_____________
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. Raoul works for Toyota. ______ is in charge of fixing engines and checking the electronic
parts of a car. _______do not constitute a problem for him.
a) He / They
b) Its / They
c) His / It
2. Raise the bucket and place blocking under ____.

a) they
b) it
c) their
3. Release the key to allow _______ to return automatically to OFF.

a) it
b) its
c) it’s
4. In particular, if the engine has overheated, do not abruptly stop ____ but run ____ at
medium speed to allow ____ to cool gradually.
a) it / they /it
b) he / they / it
c) it/ it / it
5. The taps are closed. Please open_______

a) its
b) them
c) they
6. These are the modules I bought. Please take one and connect______
a) it
b) its
c) them
7. The spanner is on the floor. Please pick ____up and put ____down the bench.
a) it
b) its
c) it’s
8. The headlights are gone. Please turn ______on.

a) they
b) them
c) their
9. Bring the new wheels. ________are in the workshop.
a) they
b) them
c) their

II Circle the correct answer:
Reading comprehension
Hydraulic and lubrication systems
a. General. The hydraulic and lubrication systems of the CD-500-3 and -4 cross-drive
transmissions perform four functions: (1) as the apply force for the control clutches;
(2) as the driving medium in the torque converter; (3) as the lubricant; and (4) as
cooling system for the entire transmission, including the torque converter, clutches,
and brakes. The systems use a single supply of oil. This oil is carried in that portion
of the transmission housing which is called the reservoir. The oil capacity is 16
gallons to refill. Although each system may employ the same units such as filters,
pump, and coolers, all the units can be classified as belonging to the systems as
listed in b through g below.
1. The text above explains

a) How the CD-500-3 and – 4 cross drive transmissions work.
b) The structure of the power train
c) The four functions of the CD-500 and - 4 cross – drive transmissions.
d) Only A and B
2. The set of parts mentioned in the text above are:
a) clutches, filters, pump, converter, oil and housing.
b) coolers, filters, pumps, converter, brakes, supply and reservoir.
c) torque, systems, capacity, housing and cooling.
d) None of the above
III. Put a or an in the blanks:
_______ mechanic adviser at _______ technical college can help _______ student with
_______ variety of problems. _______ undergraduate adviser can help _______
student to decide on _______ major and _______course of study. If _______ student is
_______ honor student, the adviser can recommend _______ scholarship . If _______
student is _____ F student (_______ failing student) the adviser can help with personal
problems if necessary and suggest ways to improve study habits. _______ foreign -
student adviser is often _______ helpful friend to students who have come to study in
_______ new country for the first time.
IV. Explain this grammar chart. Write in Spanish.

Order of the Sentence.
A. Unscramble:
1. - gasket -is -– the - The - converter - installed - on –pump
......................................................................................................................................
2. left - and - housing - The - of - cast aluminum - right - are
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The - consists of - as – transmission - indicated – through I - below - the assemblies –
grouped - in b
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
B. Join the heading and the endings
Example: Silencer makes the car quieter.
Subject Verb Complement

1 Silencer carry (ies) a the fuel for the car
2 The fuel gauge slow (s) b and stop (s) the wheels
3 The engine measure(s) c the wheels of the car
4 Brakes turn (s) d the drive shafts
5 The fuel tank make (s) e the car quieter
6 The pipelines turn(s) f fuel to the engine from the fuel tank
7 The exhaust pipe hold(s) g the fuel for the car.
8 The drives shafts carry (ies) h the exhaust gases to the rear of the car
C. Choose the correct expression for this:
La potencia del motor es transmitida al mando final a través del convertidor de

torque y el engranaje planetario.
a) Power engine is transmitted to the final drive through the converter torque and the
planetary gearing.
b) Engine power is transmitted to the final drive through the converter torque and the
planetary gearing.
c) Engine power is transmitted to the drive final through the torque converter and the
gearing planetary.
d) Engine power is transmitted to the final drive through the torque converter and the
planetary gearing.

ADVERBIOS: always, sometimes, often, never.
(Note: recordar que la función de los adverbios es describir acciones, operaciones, funciones).
Dadas las siguientes instrucciones, subraye ADVERBIOS o FRASES ADVERBIALES. Luego

clasifíquelos en las listas dadas a continuación. Verifique sus respuestas con el grupo.
MACHINERY SERVICE MANUAL

1. Always keep work area clean, dry and organized.
2. Equipment shall be safely parked on the ground.
3. All brake oil and anti-freezing solution shall be carefully treated to avoid damaging
the painted parts.
4. Turn the nuts clockwise.
5. Changeable parts shall be rightly used as the genuine DAEWOO parts.
6. Additionally tighten ¾ of a turn with a wrench.
7. Tighten the flywheel housing bolts to the specified torque a little at a time in the
sequence shown in the illustration.
8. Completely submerge the thermostat in water.
9. The secondary steering motor is tested every time the ignition switch is turned to
the ON position.
Adverbs or adverbial phrase for:
FREQUENCY TIME PLACE MANNER

Never Now Here Slightly

EXERCISE 9 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 We need to carry out a the component fails

2 How often b regular backups
3 I phoned the engineer to c some more time to complete all the repairs
4 We don’t wait until d some routine maintenance tasks. 1
5 It’s important to take e do you do a car service?
6 We might need f report a machinery fault.
EXERCISE 10 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
AFTER THIS AS AT THE SAME TIME MEANWHILE WHEN
1. _______the intruder steps on the mat, the alarm sounds.
2_______you push the left-hand joystick up, the plane accelerates.
3 The cars are painted by the robots. __________the body is checked by factory workers.
4 Lay the bricks ____________check and adjust them so that they are level.
5 The program takes ten minutes to download. _________can you check the price list in our new
Catalogue?

Car assembly
EXERCISE 11 Read this article of a car company. Make a list with words in bold. Translate each
of them. Why are these words in this article?
Assembling a car
First, the parts are delivered by truck or rail to the delivery area of the car assembly plant. From
here, some parts are taken to the body shop, and other parts are transported to the chassis line.
The parts are carried around the plant by forklift trucks or conveyor belts. In the body shop, the
panels are welded to the frame to form the body of the car. This is done by more than 400 robots.
Then the body is taken to the paint shop. Here it is cleaned and painted by robots. Special clothing
is worn by the robots to protect the paint. After this, the body is checked by human workers to look
for faults.
Next, the painted body moves along a conveyor belt to the trim line and many parts added to it. For
example, the instrument panel, the air conditioning system, the heating system and the electrical
wiring are all installed here. The windscreen is inserted by robots using laser guides.
Meanwhile, in the chassis line, components are added to the chassis. First, the chassis is turned
upside down, to make the work easier. Then the fuel system, the transmission, the suspension, the
exhaust system, the axles and the driveshaft are installed. Next, the chassis is turned over
(rightside up).
The engine is lowered into the chassis and connected to it.
Now the chassis and the body move simultaneously to the final assembly line. Here the body is
attached to the chassis, and all the final parts are added. The tyres and the radiator are added here.
The hoses are connected, and the radiator and air conditioner are filled with fluid. The car’s central
computer is also installed here.
Lastly, the finished car and all the electrical systems are tested. The car is filled with fuel and the
engine is started for the first time. The car is put on special rollers to test the engine and the wheels.
If it passes the test, the car is finally driven out of the assembly plant.
Language: to + verb is used to talk or w rite about the purpose of an action. (la combinación de to + verbo se usa en Inglés
para hablar o escribir acerca del propósito u objetivo de una acción).
EXERCISE 12 Match actions with their purposes. Refer to the text above.
Action Purpose of Action
1 workers weld thin metal sheets a) to check the movement of the wheels
to a frame
2 they turn the chassis upside down b) to make the car body
3 the robots wear special clothes c) to inspect for faults in the paint
4 they turn the chassis rightside up d) to protect the wet paint from dust
5 workers put the finished car on e) to install the fuel system easily
rollers
6 workers check the car body by hand f) to lower the engine into it

EXERCISE 13 These photos show the main stages in assembling a car, but they are in the wrong
order. Write the figure numbers in the correct boxes in the flow chart
EXERCISE 14 Make captions for the six photos with the verbs and nouns in the box. Use verbs
ending in –ing.
Verbs : ADD / ATTACH / INSTALL / PAINT / TEST / WELD
Nouns: BODY / CHASSIS / FINISHED CAR / PARTS

Example:
Fig. 6. Welding the body panels to the body frame

Adjectives in context
Nota: recordar que los adjetivos describen piezas, partes, repuestos, usados dentro y fuera de la
maquinaria y los vehículos automotrices .
Adjectives for color: blue, red, yellow, and the like;

Adjectives for shapes; circular, triangular, square, rectangular and the like;
Adjectives for type of surface: rough, soft, wet, dry, and the like.
TABLA # 1
El orden de los adjetivos en una frase
Adjetivos: Ejemplos Traducción
1. De ubicación o función Computer tables Mesas para Computadores
inmediatamente preceden al
sustantivo
2. Describen el material del que está Plastic computer tables Mesas de plástico para computadores
hecho el objeto, preceden al anterior
3. Informan de la procedencia del objeto, American plastic computer tables Mesas norteamericanas de plástico
inmediatamente preceden al anterior. para computadores
4. Informan sobre el valor o precio, $15 American plastic computer Mesas norteamericanas de plástico de
inmediatamente preceden al anterior tables 15 dólares para computadores
5. Describen el color del objeto, White $15 American plastic Mesas blancas norteamericanas de
inmediatamente se ubican antes del computer tables plástico de 15 dólares para
precio. computadores
6. Los que informan sobre la forma, New white $15 American plastic Nuevas mesas norteamericanas
edad, calidad o tamaño se mencionan computer tables blancas de plástico de 15 dólares para
primero. computadores
RESUMEN AGE+QUALITY+SIZE+COLOR+PRI Edad+calidad+tamaño+color + precio+
CE nacionalidad+ material sustantivo
NATIONALITY+MATERIAL + NOUN
A modern great big green Un moderno auto hibrido japonés
EXAMPLE: unexpensive Japanese hybrid car grande de color verde económico
EJEMPLO DE LA SECUENCIA DE ADJETIVOS MULTIPLES ANTES DEL SUSTANTIVO

(NUCLEO)
QUANTITY OPINION SIZE AGE SHAPE COLOR ORIGIN MATERIA PURPOSE NOUN
L
Five Small New Toothed Silver Korean Steel Driving GEARS
Battered Old Shapeless Gray Cotton Work OVERALLS
Many Magnificent Current Chilean Reference HANDBOOKS
One Studious Young American MECHANIC
Few Shiny Round Golden Indian SEALS
Many Well-made Tiny Elongated Brown Steel connecting RODS
Several Expensive Large Beige Cotton Inflating AIRBAGS

Adjectives for dimensions
EXERCISE 15 Complete the table. Use your dictionary.
Adjective High Long __________ Wide
Noun _________ _________ Depth ________
EX ERCISE 16 Complete the sentences with the correct word in brackets . Use your dictionary.
1. This Toyota car is 1.745 ____________(wide / width).

2. It has a __________________of 4.460 mm (long / length)
3. And it is 1.490 mm _________(high / height)
EXERCISE 17 Change these nouns into adjectives.
1 depth_________________________ 3 width _______________________

2 height ________________________ 4 length_______________________

Ron is making a new door. Alan is helping him.
Study these adjectives
high 2 millimetres high.

w ide is it? It’s 10 centimetres w ide.
How
long are they? They’re 100 metres long.
deep 1000 kilometres deep
Engine Dimensions
Height, width, length and weight of a typical Rover V8 engine

EXERCISE 18 Make short conversations.
Example: (a) The door is one metre wide.
Note: m = metre Write Say

mm = millimetre 2m… two metres
km = kilometre

Dimensions
All dimensions are approximate:
Explain the three cases.(*), (**), (***).

Adjectives for materials
Read the texts and complete the table below. (You are applying the Scanning technique).
1 Seat covers in luxury cars are made from leather. It is made from animal skins and is strong
flexible. It doesn’t melt, but it can burn.
2 The instrument panel is placed in front of the driver’s seat. Holes are cut in the panel, and the
instruments are placed behind the holes. Some luxury cars have wooden instrument panels.
These are very expensive. The material is hard, but not flexible. You can cut it, but you can’t bend
it or stretch it. it doesn’t melt, but it burns.
3 The cheapest car in the world today has a light but strong two-cylinder petrol engine, with a
capacity of 623 cc. The engine is made of aluminum. It is placed at the rear and drives the two
rear wheels.
4 Heavy goods vehicles have special, heavy tyres. The rubber composite makes the tyre tough but
flexible. The steel cords in the tyre walls make the tyres very strong, but heavy.
5 Cars have one or two silencers. Modern cars have steel silencers. These are coated with
aluminum and are strong, rigid and corrosion – resistant.
6 Most wheels are made of steel of more expensive cars are made from a light but strong alloy.
This is more expensive than steel, but it looks better.
7 Most fuel tanks are made of steel, but the tanks of some small cars are made of plastic. Both
plastic and steel tanks are rigid, hard and water-resistant. Some of the plastic tanks have heat –
resistant steel plates fixed to them.
Part Material Properties (adjectives)

1 seat cover Leather, Strong,
4 1) Rubber composite 1) Tough, flexible

2) 2)
5
6 1) Steel 1) No information given

2) 2)
7 1) 1)
2) 2)

More adjectives
EXERCISE 19 Circle the correct adjective. Use your dictionary.
1 Polystyrene is a tough / soft material. You can’t break it easily.

2 Concrete is a rigid / tough material. It doesn’t bend easily.
3 Polycarbonate is a hard / light material. You can lift it easily.
4 This glass is brittle / fragile. You can break it very easily.
5 These plastic rulers are very flexible / rigid. They can bend them with ease.
EXERCISE 20 Complete these. Use hyphens (-). Note : Be careful with plural nouns.
1 The plane is ready for the road. It’s a road-ready plane.

2 The engine has a cycle of four strokes. It’s a _______engine.
3 The propeller has three blades. It’s a _________________propeller.
4 The cable is six metres long. It’s a __________________cable.
5 This computer is activated when you use your voice. It’s a _________________computer.
6 That ticket machine starts when you touch the screen. It’s a ___________________ticket
machine.
EXERCISE 21 Identify the material from the description. Choose from the words in the box.
ALUMINIUM CERAMIC POLYCARBONATE POLYSTYRENE

RUBBER STEEL
1 Sunglasses are made of this material. It’s hard and tough plastic.
2 You can stretch this material and you can bend it, but it doesn’t break.
3 You can heat this material to a high temperature, but it doesn’t burn or melt. They use it in spark
plugs.
4 Part of aeroplanes are made of this material. It’s a strong, light, corrosion – resistant metal.

Wankel Rotary Engine
EXERCISE 22 Complete the description of the Wankel rotary engine with the parts in the
diagrams.
A rotary engine is an internal combustion engine with a rotary (1) piston. The (2) ____________
of the rotating piston open and close the ports in the (3) ____________ wall, so no valves are
needed. The triangular piston rotates in an oval –shaped (4) ____________.
1 Intake. The rotary piston rotates. At the same time, it uncovers the (5) ___________________.
This allows the (6) ____________________________________________t o flow into the
cylinder.
2 Compression. The (7) _______________rotates. At the same time, the (8) ______________is
compressed into a small space between the piston and the cylinder wall.
3 Ignition. The compressed fuel is ignited by the two (9) __________________________ .

Immediately afterwards, the expanding gases drive the piston round on the power stroke.
4 Exhaust. The piston rotates. Simultaneously, it uncovers the (10) _____________________.

This lets the (11) ______________________________ escape.
5 The triangular piston creates three (12) ________________. So there are three ignitions for
each rotation of the piston.
6 The rotary engine has only two moving parts, the (13) ____________ and the (14)
____________. So, higher rotation speeds are possible.

Activity: find words in the puzzle to match these definitions
Y R E F R I G E R A N T G I J A Z I F A N
F E X P A N S I O N V A L V E G C K Y B O
X L P Q I Z T R J A S E T O F C O I L S T
E V A P O R A T O R K C O M P R E S S O R
C O N D E N S E R X M U B T Q A H N T R H
G E D E C O M P R E S S W U E L T W R B G
1 take in, for example, heat or moisture 7 a device that decompresses the refrigerant
in the coils
2 lower the pressure of something 8 a machine with an electric motor and

rotating blades that moves the air around
3 increase in volume 9 a fluid that can evaporate and condense
5 a set of coils that gives out heat to the 10 a system of pipes bent into a U-shape
surrounding air many times
6 a set of coils that extracts heat from the

surrounding air
Match these words with these definitions
abacus boiler compass crane crank and rod hydraulic jack
pulley and belt robot spectacles wedge wind turbine Windmill
1 A machine that can use tools and is controlled by a computer robot___

2 A machine that turns in the wind and generates electricity, or grinds corn ______________
3 A machine that is used to provide heating or hot water. ______________
4 A rod attached to a wheel which rotates when the rod moves backwards and
forwards______________
5 A frame with two lenses worn over the eyes to help you see ______________
6 A large tall machine used by builders for lifting very heavy things ______________
7 A hand-held device used for calculating ______________
8 An instrument that shows directions and the north point______________
9 A machine that turns in the winds and generates electricity ______________
10 A machine with a wheel over which a belt, rope or chain passes ______________
11 A piece of wood or metal with one thick edge and one pointed edge ______________
12 A tool for lifting a heavy weight off the ground and supporting it in the air ______________

Uso de los conectores WHO, WHICH, WHERE, dentro
de la oración.
Uso de estos conectores: entregar

información esencial acerca de una Ejemplos Traducción
persona, cosa o lugar
quien
Who Paul is the mechanic who Paul es el mecánico (que,
que works with me. quien) trabaja conmigo
el cual, los cuales

Which lo que, la que It’s the movement which Es el movimiento el cual
drives the rear wheels . propulsa las ruedas
traseras.
la cual, las cuales
Where donde That’s the pan where oil Ese es el depósito donde se
collects. junta el aceite.
Observación:
Se reemplaza who o which por that en las conversaciones.
A: Hi, tell me. Who is Paul? Does he work in this company?

B: Paul is the mechanic that works with us. He’s from Canada.

Relative pronouns: who, which , that.
EXERCISE 23 Complete each sentence with the most suitable “type” noun from the box.
device / generator / handbook / instrument / machine / person / system / system / tool / vehicle
1 An HGV is a (heavy goods) _____vehicle____. It is used to transport goods.
2 A petrol engine is a self-running ________________. It propels a car or small van.
3 The transmission is a /an _____________________. It transfers power from the crankshaft to the
wheels.
4 A sensor is a/an __________________. It detects changes in the car’s opening or running systems.
5 A speedometer is a/an __________________. It displays a vehicle’s speed.
6 A jack is a/an __________________. It raises the end or side of a car for a wheel change.
7 The owner’s manual is a/an __________________. It explains how to operate the controls.
8 The alternator is a/an __________________. It generates electricity to charge the battery.
9 SATNAV is a navigation __________________. It transmits and receives information via satellite.
10 An autobody technician is a/an __________________. He / She repairs damaged bodywork.
Exercise 24 Combine each pair of sentences in exercise 21 into a single sentence in the form of a
definition. Use which, who or that. Use your notebook.
Example: 1 What is an HGV?
An HGV is a vehicle that is used to transport goods.

The formal definition
Remember the famous Aristotle’s definition:
A = the s pecies (the word or words we want to define)

B= the general group or cl ass that i ncludes A
C= the cha racteristics that make A di fferent from other examples of B.
A is a B that C
An HGV is a (heavy goods) vehicle that is used to transport goods.
EXERCISE 23 Make definitions
Example: Pronombre relativo 2 verbos en presente simple
An MP3 is a device which downloads and plays music from a computer
1 An MP3 player instrument loosen and tighten nuts on wheels

2 Fiberglass system repair underwater pipes and machines
3 Artificial tool powered by electricity from a solar panel
respiration
4 GPS technician download and play music from a computer
5 A sub-sea vehicle use satellites to locate your position
mechanic
6 A solar – procedure calculate driver’s depth in the water
powered car
7 A wheel wrench device use for making hulls of boats
8 A depth gauge material help a casualty to breathe
9 Smog atmospheric caused in part by automobile exhaust
condition

Relative pronouns: who, which , that.
,
EXERCISE 25 Add which or who and a comma ( ) in the correct place in each sentence.
(which: el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales. who: quien . that: que )
1 I´m having a meeting with John knows about the problem with the powertrain.
2 It’s a device on our new model helps to prevent road accidents.
3 This company has made robots for 20 years are sold all over the world.
4 Sara is the project manager will answer all your questions.
5 I like the Toyota Land Cruiser is the most expensive car.
EXERCISE 26 Join the first half of the sentence with the second and rewrite them using relative
pronouns: who, which or that.
1 A sub – sea engineer is He repairs oil pipes

a person under the sea.
2 A jack is a device It lifts heavy objects.
3 A tunnel drill is a powerful machine. It cuts holes into rocks.
4 The wheel – gun team are mechanics. They tighten nuts on wheels.
5 A feed horn is an antenna. It transmits radio waves.

Parts of the sentence
They, it,
their, its,
Them…
Carefully,
slowly,
Fast,
clockwise,
dangerous , Wow,
unenvenly…
powerful, hey,
Car, engine, smaller, big, oops, Drive, turn,
lever, piston, oil, heavy… mm… run, push,
bucket, truck… tilt, open,
rise…
Up, down,
above, in, on,
through…
And, or,
but, so,
when,
before,
than…
REVIEW

CONJUNCTIONS
¿Qué función cumplen las conjunciones dentro de una oración?
Las conjunciones unen dos partes de una oración y ayudan a mostrar la conexión
entre ellas.
EJEMPLOS DEL USO DE LAS CONJUNCIONES
CONJUNCTION FUNCTION EXAMPLE

AND tells you more Peter checked the oil level and the
timing belt.
BUT makes a contrast The battery is new but the engine

doesn’t run.
BECAUSE answers the question why? He stopped the car because the
warning signal sounds.
SO tells you the result The fuel reserve light comes on,
so the mechanic fills up with
petrol at once.
WHEN answers the question when or at The engine moves on flexible

what time? mountings, when it is running.
BEFORE, AFTER answers the question what Before painting, it is important to

happened first? ensure that the body is perfectly
clean.
After painting and baking, the
body moves to the trim line.
ALTHOUGH / THOUGH tells you something is surprising He drove home although /

though one front tyre was flat.
IF makes a condition If the ignition is on, the electricity

flows around the circuit.

Reading Comprehension: translate these paragraphs. Use your physical
dictionary.
ORACIONES COMPLEJAS son aquellas que están formadas por una idea principal y una o
más ideas secundarias. Estas ideas se conectan con palabras tales como what , when, where,
how, how many, how much, how long, how late, how far , las que se pueden encontrar al
interior de la oración y no significa que comienzan una pregunta sino que unen información extra e
intra oración, como se observa en los siguientes párrafos.
En este contexto When es una palabra de

secuencia que indica que dos acciones
ocurren secuencialmente. ¿Cuándo se
abre la v/v de control de EGR?
Cuando ésta se comanda.
Observe su uso y significado en la
traducción:
Cuando la EGR es comandada, la válvula

de control del EGR se abre permitiendo
que los gases de escape enfriados
ingresen al ducto mezclador del EGR para
ser mezclados con aire filtrado de la
admisión.

EXERCISE 27 Complete with the corresponding conjunction in the box:
pero y
But Or And So
o entonces
1. These days most mechanically timed injection systems are used on diesel engines,
______ there are still some units in use on gasoline engines.
2. In effect, the injection pump is a small duplicate of the engine, ______it pumps straight fuel
rather than an air/ fuel mixture.
3. The ECU “reads” operating data from sensors _______adjusts the amount of fuel delivered
to the cylinders for optimum performance.
4. The sensor is mounted in the speedometer unit, ______is made up of a reed – type switch
on indicator needle type speedometers or a LED, photo diode and shutter on digital type
speedometers.
5. The cold start valve is not used to supply the total fuel supply to the engine under cold
operating conditions, ______only to supplement the fuel being delivered by the fuel
injectors.
6. An engine temperature sensor ______ an electrically heated bimetallic strip are used to
control the cold start valve.
7. This circuit will automatically shut the fuel pump off after a certain amount of ti me if the
ignition switch is ON ______the engine is not running.

Power train
EXERCISE 28 Label this machinery from words in the text.
 The driving power for the engine (1) is transmitted through  The driving power is transmitted from the transmission flanges (3)
the flywheel to the converter (2). to the front (5) and rear (6) axles through the Cardan drive shafts
The converter (2) uses hydraulic oil to convert the torque (7 and 8).
transmitted by the engine (1) into driving power. The  The driving power transmitted to the front (5) and rear (6) axles is
converter (2) transmits motion to the drive shaft of the reduced by the differentials and then transmitted to the planetary
transmission (3) and to the drive shaft of the hydraulic gear through the differential shafts.
pump (4).
 The transmission (3) has two hydraulically-activated
clutches that can be selected by an electronically-
controlled gear selector. It also has manual gear selection
(four forward gears and four reverse gears)
Quiz # 2 : Powertrain Date:

Lea el texto anterior y luego responda en español.
1. ¿Cómo se transmite la potencia al motor?

2. ¿Cuál es el uso que se le da al aceite hidráulico?
3. Señale la función del convertidor.
4. En la selección automática de la transmisión indique las piezas que intervienen y que características
tienen estas.
5. ¿Qué función tiene el eje Cardán en la transmisión?
6. ¿Los diferenciales incrementan o disminuyen la fuerza de tracción? Explique.
7. Escriba el equivalente en español de las siguientes expresiones técnicas.
a) driving power
b) drive shafts
c) planetary gear
d) four forward gears
e) flywheel

EXERCISE 29 Match the products with the sentences.
1 The Ultrasonic Distance Meter is portable; it allows you to measure large rooms.
2 The Zoomba Vacuum Cleaner is rechargeable; it cleans floors automatically.
3 The Garage Parking Sensor fits to your garage wall; it helps you to park safely.
4 The Ticko mini helicopter is radio –controlled; it flies for up to ten minutes.
5 Street Gliders are two – wheeled; they fit on the heels of your shoes.
6 The Extendable Window Cleaner extends up to 3.5 metres; it allows you to clean high windows
from the ground.
EXERCISE 30 Rewrite the sentences above using the words “that” or “which”- sensor system
tool – instrument – device – toy – robot
Example: 1 The Ultrasonic Distance M eter is a portable instrument which allows you to
measure large rooms.
2 __________________________________________________________________
3__________________________________________________________________
4__________________________________________________________________
5 __________________________________________________________________
6 __________________________________________________________________

The fuel supply system
EXERCISE 31 Label the diagram with words from the text.
The fuel supply system

A fuel supply system has a fuel tank, a fuel pipeline and a pump. Fuel moves along the
pipeline to the carburettor or the fuel injector. These supply the engine’s cylinders with a
mixture of fuel and air. The diagram shows one possible layout of a fuel supply system.
The metal or plastic fuel tank is at the rear of the vehicle. It is filled through a fuel supply
pipe, closed by a filler cap. A filter around the outlet pipe from the tank removes dirt and
water from the fuel. Fuel passes through a metal or plastic pipeline to the front of the
vehicle. This pipeline is fixed with clamps to the chassis.
When the engine is running, it moves on flexible mountings. Therefore it must have a
flexible fuel pipe. The fixed pipeline is connected to a flexible pipe, made of plastic, which
carries fuel to the pump. Both the pump and the carburetor are fixed to the engine. The
engine drives the pump, which pumps fuel into the carburetor.
EXERCISE 32 Match the words with the functions to make sentences.
1 The fuel tank a) connects the fuel tank with the flexible pipe.
2 The fuel pipeline b) sprays fuel into the airstream above the inlet port.
3 The filter c) holds the fuel (petrol or diesel).
4 The pump d) connects the fixed pipeline with the pump.
5 The carburetor e) pushes fuel along a pipe to the carburetor.
6 The fuel injector f) closes the end of the filler pipe above the fuel tank.
7 The filler cap g) mixes petrol with air for the engine.
8 The flexible pipe h) traps dirt and water.

Parts of the engine
EXERCISE 33 Make sentences with the words. Use the Passive Voice. (be + past participle)
1 fuel pipeline / suspend / chassis The fuel pipeline is suspended from the chassis
2 carburettor / mount / engine
3 filler cap / screw / into / end of / filler
pipe
4 fuel pump / mount / engine
5 filter / fit / around / outlet pipe / from /
fuel tank
6 fuel tank / bolt / body
7 flexible pipe / attach / fuel pipeline
8 fuel injector / fix / engine
EXERCISE 34 Match sentences halves.
1 If the fuel reserve light comes on, a) do not start the engine.
2 If a warning signal sounds, b) fill up with petrol at once.
3 If you put the wrong fuel in your fuel tank, c) replace the indicator light bulb.
4 If the indicator flashes extra fast, d) stop the car and switch off the engine
EXERCISE 35 Punctuate these sentences.

1 If you can t turn on the ignition move the steering wheel from side to side.
2 If buzzer sounds when you open the drivers door turn off the lights and indicator

TROUBLESHOOTING sample
EXERCISE 36 Use words from the box to complete the troubleshooting.
ask / charge / check / connected / protected / refill / replace / stop
How to avoid common breakdowns

Check the battery terminals are clean and (1) protected with a layer of grease. Check
that the battery clamps are firmly (2) ________. If you don’t make regular long
journeys, (3) ________ your battery overnight.
If a tyre looks damaged, (4) ________a tyre dealer for advice. If the spare tyre looks,
flat (5) ________ the pressure.
If the fuel tank warning signal comes on, (6) ________ the tank with fuel at once.
If the engine overheats while you are driving, (7) ________ at once and check the
radiator fan belt.
Water or dirt inside the distributor cap can cause problems. If the engine runs unevenly,
(8) ________ the alternator. Ask your garage to check the HT (high-tension) leads. If
they look worn, (9) ________them.

QUIZ # 2: USE OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Join these pairs of sentences. Use who or which
1. My computer has a DTV card. This is connected by cable to my satellite dish.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. If your DTV card doesn’t have work, contact our technician. He will repair it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. The dish reflects the signal to the feed horn. This converts the signal to a lower frequency.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Please send any complaints to our customer service manager. She will then contact you.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. The radio station sends signals to the satellite. This then transmits the signals to my dish.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. My DTV card extracts the audio and video. These are then displayed on my PC monitor.
Example: 1. My computer has a DTV card, which is connected by cable to my satellite.

TASK # 1: Write the meanings of these words and phrases in your own language.
Student : ______________________________Deadline:__________________________
NOUNS NOUN PHRASES

Buzzer _____________________ Distributor cap _____________________
Carburettor _____________________ Filler cap _____________________
Clamp _____________________ Fuel injector _____________________
Grease _____________________ Outlet pipe _____________________
Indicator _____________________ Warning signal _____________________
Mounting _____________________ ADJECTIVES
Pump _____________________ Flexible _____________________
VERBS Heavy _____________________
Bolt _____________________ Big _____________________
Charge _____________________ High _____________________
Flash _____________________ Wide _____________________
Overheat _____________________ Long _____________________
Protect _____________________ Small _____________________
Refill _____________________ ADVERBS
Sound _____________________ Overnight _____________________
Suspend _____________________ Unevenly _____________________
Swing _____________________ CONJUNCTIONS
Change _____________________ And _____________________
Lift _____________________ But _____________________
Pull _____________________ So _____________________
bake _____________________ Or _____________________

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ENME02

Unit 1: Técnicas de Comprensión de Lectura de

Page 1 | ENME02 Workbook

APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN

Page 2 | ENME02 Workbook

Think about this and conclude:

A human scale a one-hour movie

Therefore your rule must be more specific than

Page 3 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 3 Put a or an in the blanks.

1. _________switch delivers ______status of parking to _______T/M controller.

Page 4 | ENME02 Workbook

Its = The possessive form of it.

Their = The possessive form of they.

Third: Neuter es decir It Se refiere a Its Se usa al describir un Itself a si mismo.

Page 5 | ENME02 Workbook

Object pronouns: it / them

1. Install the air flow meter bracket bolts. Turn ______clockwise.

Page 6 | ENME02 Workbook

Los pronombres it, they son palabras que pueden ser

Page 7 | ENME02 Workbook

Page 8 | ENME02 Workbook

Page 9 | ENME02 Workbook

2. Raise the bucket and place blocking under ____.

3. Release the key to allow _______ to return automatically to OFF.

5. The taps are closed. Please open_______

8. The headlights are gone. Please turn ______on.

9. Bring the new wheels. ________are in the workshop.

Page 10 | ENME02 Workbook

1. The text above explains

III. Put a or an in the blanks:

IV. Explain this grammar chart. Write in Spanish.

Page 11 | ENME02 Workbook

1. - gasket -is -– the - The - converter - installed - on –pump

2. left - and - housing - The - of - cast aluminum - right - are

B. Join the heading and the endings

Example: Silencer makes the car quieter.

Subject Verb Complement

C. Choose the correct expression for this:

La potencia del motor es transmitida al mando final a través del convertidor de

Page 12 | ENME02 Workbook

Dadas las siguientes instrucciones, subraye ADVERBIOS o FRASES ADVERBIALES. Luego

MACHINERY SERVICE MANUAL

Adverbs or adverbial phrase for:

FREQUENCY TIME PLACE MANNER

Page 13 | ENME02 Workbook

1 We need to carry out a the component fails

EXERCISE 10 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

AFTER THIS AS AT THE SAME TIME MEANWHILE WHEN

1. _______the intruder steps on the mat, the alarm sounds.

2_______you push the left-hand joystick up, the plane accelerates.

Page 14 | ENME02 Workbook

Action Purpose of Action

Page 15 | ENME02 Workbook

Verbs : ADD / ATTACH / INSTALL / PAINT / TEST / WELD

Nouns: BODY / CHASSIS / FINISHED CAR / PARTS

Fig. 6. Welding the body panels to the body frame

Page 16 | ENME02 Workbook

Adjectives for color: blue, red, yellow, and the like;

EJEMPLO DE LA SECUENCIA DE ADJETIVOS MULTIPLES ANTES DEL SUSTANTIVO

Five Small New Toothed Silver Korean Steel Driving GEARS

Battered Old Shapeless Gray Cotton Work OVERALLS

Many Magnificent Current Chilean Reference HANDBOOKS

One Studious Young American MECHANIC

1. _switch delivers status of parking to _T/M controller.

Noun _____ _ Depth ____

1 depth___ 3 width _

Explain the three cases.(), (), ().

1 An HGV is a (heavy goods) _vehicle. It is used to transport goods.