Juan Felipe Caro Fundamentos de Acústica

Jonatan Daza Laboratorio N°1

Santiago Abello
Nicolas Ibarguen
Santiago Marín
Laboratory:

In this virtual lab you will observe the behavior of gases when different variables are
changed. The variables that we will be changing are temperature, pressure, volume and
number of gas molecules.

Considerations:
• The container depth (4.00 nm) and height (8.75 nm) are constant, so volume (V)
varies linearly with width: V=(4.00 nm) (8.75 nm)(width).
• The light particles have a mass of 4 AMU and the heavy particles have a mass of 28
AMU(g/mol). These masses respectively correspond to He and N2.
• Moving the container wall on the Ideal screen will not do any work on/by the system.
• Adding particles to the container will not change the temperature of the system, as the
newly-added particles are given the appropriate velocity to match the temperature of the gas
in the container.

Getting to know the system

1. Open the Gas Properties HTML5 simulation.
2. Spend a few minutes just playing with the controls to see what happens.
3. Notice the effect of changing the Constant Parameter.

Activity #1
Select the Ideal Simulation
Click to hold the Volume constant.
1. Use the pump to put one pump of gas into the box.
a. What happens to the clump of particles?
(To answer the following questions, keep your eye on one particle and notice how it moves.)
Las partículas en el contenedor chocan unas con otras, lo cual genera energía y hace que no
se detengan. El grupo de partículas se mueven en varias direcciones.
b. How do the particles move? (straight line, circular, random, etc.)
El grupo de partículas se mueve de forma aleatoria, chocan entre ellas y con las paredes del
contenedor, por lo tanto, su dirección no es ni recta ni circular, es aleatoria.
c. Do the particles stay at a constant speed?
Las partículas no se mantienen con una velocidad constante, al momento de salir de la
válvula salen disparadas con una velocidad constante pero cuando chocan entre ellas se van
distribuyendo la energía y cambian sus respectivas velocidades. Lo mismo ocurre con las
partículas más grandes salen con una velocidad inferior a las partículas más pequeñas debido
a su masa, pero al igual que las pequeñas mantienen diferentes velocidades.
d. If not, what causes the speed to change?
La causa de que la velocidad varíe esta en el choque de las partículas unas con otras y el
choque con las paredes existe un intercambio de energías.
f. Do they always move in the same direction?
Juan Felipe Caro Fundamentos de Acústica
Jonatan Daza Laboratorio N°1
Santiago Abello
Nicolas Ibarguen
Santiago Marín
No mantienen la misma dirección. Siempre ira cambiando a medida que se generen nuevos
choques.
g. If not, what causes their direction to change?
La causa de que la dirección no sea la misma es el espacio, permite que salgan disparadas en
diferentes direcciones,

Activity #2

Using the Particles setting on the right side of the screen, put 100 “heavy species” in the
container. Give it time for the pressure to stabilize. Observe the motion of the particles.
a. Record the pressure:11.5 atm
( The number will jump around- choose an average.)
b. Reset the number of “heavy species” to zero, and the “light species” to 100. Observe the
motion of the particles.
c. Record the pressure 12 atm
d. Does the mass of the particles significantly affect the pressure of the container?
No afecta significativamente la masa de las partículas la presión del contenedor.
e. Explain this using your observations
Las masas al ser la misma cantidad sin importar su tamaño se sueltan y generan la misma
presión, más no varían lo que genera que no haya cambio en la presión.

Activity #3
Put 100 of “heavy species” and no “light species”.
a. Record the pressure.
12.1 atm
b. Put 50 of the “light species” and no “heavy species”
c. Record the pressure
6.3 atm
d. Put 50 “light species” AND 100 “heavy species” together. Record the pressure
17.9 atm
e. How does this compare to the pressures from a. and c?
El resultado del punto “c” es la sumatoria del “a” y el “b”, ya que estas presiones si se unen
generarían en promedio 17.9 atm.
f. What can you conclude about the relationship between the partial and total pressure?

Activity #4
1. Reset the system and make sure the Constant Parameter button is set to None.
2. Pump 50 heavy gas molecules and 50 light gas molecules in the gascontainer.
How do the velocities of the heavy gas molecules compare to those of the light gas
molecules?
3. Use the Heat Control to add energy.
Notice that the thermometer shows an increasing temperature.
Juan Felipe Caro Fundamentos de Acústica
Jonatan Daza Laboratorio N°1
Santiago Abello
Nicolas Ibarguen
Santiago Marín
What happens to the velocities of the gas molecules?
4. Use the Heat Control to remove energy.
What happens to the velocities of the gas molecules?

Activity #5
1. Reset the system.
2. Add 50 light gas molecules.
3. Set the Constant Parameter button to Volume.
4. Record the temperature and pressure of the system.
Temperature: _____________ K
Pressure: _________________ atm
5. Add heat to the system using the Heat Control.
6. What happens to the temperature and pressure?
7. Record the temperature and pressure of the system.
Temperature: ______________ K
Pressure: __________________ atm
8. What is the mathematical relationship between temperature and pressure? (direct or
inverse)
9. Write the mathematical equation for this relationship and the name of the scientist credited
with its discovery.

Activity #6
1. Reset the system.
2. Add 50 light gas molecules.
3. Set the Constant Parameter button to Pressure.
4. Record the temperature and volume of the system.
Temperature: ___________ K
Volume (lenght A): _______________ nm A
5. Add heat to the system using the Heat Control.
6. What happens to the volume of the gascontainer?
Notice the way the Vertical Lid moves to maintain the same pressure.
7. What happens to the temperature and volume?
8. Record the temperature and volume of the system.
Temperature: ___________ K
Volume: _______________ nm A
9. What is this mathematical relationship between the temperature and the volume? (direct or
inverse)
10. Write the mathematical equation for this relationship and the name of the scientist
credited with its discovery.

Activity #7
Juan Felipe Caro Fundamentos de Acústica
Jonatan Daza Laboratorio N°1
Santiago Abello
Nicolas Ibarguen
Santiago Marín
1. Reset the system.
2. Add 50 light gas molecules.
3. Set the Constant Parameter button to Temperature.
4. Record the pressure and volume of the system.
Pressure: ______________ atm
Volume: ________________ nm A
5. While you are watching the Heat Control, move the Vertical Lid so that the volume of the
gascontainer is smaller.
6. What does the Heat Control do when you move the Vertical Lid?
7. What happens to the pressure and volume?
8. Record the pressure and volume of the system.
Pressure: ______________ atm
Volume: _______________ nm A
9. What is this mathematical relationship between the pressure and the volume? (direct or
inverse)
10. Write the mathematical equation for this relationship and the name of the scientist
credited with its discovery.

Activity #8
1. Reset the system.
2. Add 50 light gas molecules.
3. Set the Constant Parameter button to Temperature.
Also the Pressure has to be constant.
4. Record the Number of gas molecules and Volume of the system.
Number of gas molecules: ______________
Volume : ______________ nm A
5. Add another 50 light gas molecules.
7. What happens to the volume?
8. Record the number of gas molecules and voume of the system.
Number of gas molecules: _______________
Volume : ______________ nm A
9. What is this mathematical relationship between the number of gas molecules and pressure?
(direct or inverse)
10. Write the mathematical equation for this relationship and the name of the scientist
credited with its discovery.

Activity #9
1. Redo Activities 5 - 6 - 7 - 8.
2. Collect five data points on the parameters that vary.
3. Make a data table of the variable parameters for each parameter that is held constant.
4. Use this data to make a graph of each relationship.
The graph needs to include axis labels and units.
Juan Felipe Caro Fundamentos de Acústica
Jonatan Daza Laboratorio N°1
Santiago Abello
Nicolas Ibarguen
Santiago Marín
5. Describe the relationship.

Activity #10
Select the Energy window.
Explore the relation between the temperature and the avarege speed of the gas molecules for
the light and the heavy species independently.

⟨ v 2 ⟩ = 3 kT
m

For this activity take into account the mass of the particles given in the considerations
section.