Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
1
Datos de Contacto de Alvaro Jaramillo Suárez
• Personal
Alvaro Jaramillo Suárez
ajaramillosuarez@gmail.com
celular: (+1)862-205-1796
• Oficina
2
Diseño Sísmico de Conexiones de Acero
• Introducción
• Tipos de Sistemas de Edificios de Acero
• Códigos y Estándares
• ASCE 7-16
• AISC 360-16
• AISC 341-16
• Pórticos Resistentes a Momento (PRM)
• Pórticos Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PAC)
• Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
• Programas para el Diseño de Conexiones
3
Tipos de Sistemas de
Edificios de Acero
4
Moment Resisting Frame Buildings
5
Moment Resisting Frame Buildings
6
Moment Resisting Frame Buildings
7
Moment Resisting Frame Buildings
8
Moment Resisting Frame Buildings
9
Moment Resisting Frame Buildings
10
Moment Resisting Frame Buildings
11
Moment Resisting Frame Buildings
12
Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings
13
Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings
14
Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings
15
Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings
16
Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings
17
Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings
18
Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings
19
Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings
20
Eccentrically Braced Frame Buildings
21
Eccentrically Braced Frame Buildings
22
Eccentrically Braced Frame Buildings
23
Eccentrically Braced Frame Buildings
24
Códigos y Estándares
25
El ASCE 7-05 y la NSR-10
• El Título B de la NSR-10 “Cargas” está basado en el estándar
ASCE / SEI 7-05 “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures”, ASCE, 2005 (libro azul con letras rojas)
26
El ANSI / AISC 360-10 y la NSR-10
• El Capitulo F.2 de la NSR-10 “Estructuras de Acero con Perfiles
Laminados, Armados y Tubería Estructural” está basado en el
estándar ANSI / AISC 360-10 “Specification for Structural Steel
Buildings”, incluído en el AISC Steel Construction Manual, 14th
Edition, 2011 (libro vinotinto)
27
El ANSI / AISC 341-05 y la NSR-10
• El Capitulo F.3 de la NSR-10 “Provisiones Sísmicas para
Estructuras de Acero con Perfiles Laminados, Armados y Tubería
Estructural” está basado en el estándar ANSI / AISC 341-05
“Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings”, incluído en el
AISC Seismic Design Manual, 1st Edition, 2006 (libro negro)
28
Este Curso de Verano está Basado en el ASCE/SEI 7-16
29
Este Curso de Verano está Basado en el ANSI/AISC 360-16
El AISC publicó tres (3) ediciones del Seismic Provisions for Structural
Steel Buildings previas al ANSI/AISC 341 tal como se indica:
- Primera edición 1990
- Segunda edición 1992
- Tercera edición 1997
31
Este Curso de Verano está Basado en el ANSI/AISC 341-16
33
2nd Edition,
LRFD, AISC
1993 &
Connection
Volume
9th Edition,
ASD, AISC 1989
& Connection
Volume
35
El IBC 2018 usa las versiones del ASCE 7-16 (cargas), ACI 318-14 (concreto), ANSI/AISC 360-16
(acero), ANSI/AISC 341-16 (acero sísmico), TMS 402/602-16 (antes ACI 530-16)(mampostería), AA ASM
35-15 (aluminio), AISI S100-16 (lámina delgada) y ANSI/AWC NDS-28 (madera), entre otros estándares
Disposiciones Sísmicas de la National Earthquake
Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) de 2015
36
37
Obtención de Documentos Desarrollados por FEMA
• Internet: www.fema.gov
• E-Mail: FEMAPubs@gpo.gov
• Desde Colombia
Llamar al 301- 497-1873
• Correo
Fema Report Distribution Center
PO Box 2012
Jessup, MD 20794
Estados Unidos
38
ASCE 7-16
39
ASCE 7-16 – Risk Category for Buildings & Other Structures
40
ASCE 7-16 – Target Reliability & Reliability Indices
MCE =
Maximum
Considered
Earthquake
From a Map
β = Reliability Index
used as
indicator
to compute
the failure
probability
41
ASCE 7-16 – Load Combinations for Strength Design
42
Combinaciones de Carga para Diseño por Resistencia Según ASCE 7-16
1. 1.4D
2. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr ó S ó R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr ó S ó R) + (L ó 0.5W)
4. 1.2D + 1.0W + L + 0.5(Lr ó S ó R)
5. 0.9D + 1.0W
Combinaciones de Carga para Diseño por Resistencia Según ASCE 7-16
en donde Eh = QE
= efectos sísmicos de acuerdo con la
Sección 12.4.2.1 del ASCE 7-16
= factor de redundancia
QE = efectos de las fuerzas horizontales
Ev = 0.2SDSD
SDS = parámetro de aceleración de diseño espectral para
períodos cortos (Sección 11.4.5 de la ASCE 7-16)
D = carga muerta
Combinaciones de Carga para Diseño por Resistencia Según ASCE 7-16
46
Combinaciones de Carga para Diseño por Esfuerzos Admisibles Según ASCE 7-16
1. D
2. D + L
3. D + (Lr ó S ó R)
4. D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr ó S ó R)
5. D + (0.6W)
6. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W)+0.75(Lr ó S ó R)
7. 0.6D + 0.6W
Combinaciones de Carga para Diseño por Esfuerzos Admisibles Según ASCE 7-16
= factor de redundancia
QE = efectos de las fuerzas horizontales
Ev = 0.2SDSD
SDS = parámetro de aceleración de diseño espectral para
períodos cortos (Sección 11.4.5 de la ASCE 7-16)
D = carga muerta
Combinaciones de Carga para Diseño por Esfuerzos Admisibles Según ASCE 7-16
50
ASCE 7-16 – Seismic Design Category for Short and 1-sec Periods
51
ASCE 7-16 – Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
52
Building Mode Shapes
* Graphic reproduced from “Seismic Loads – Guide to the Seismic Load Provisions of ASCE 7-10” by Finley A. Charney, ASCE Press, 2014.
53
ASCE 7-16 – Design Coefficients R, Ωo, Cd & Height Limitations for Buildings
54
ASCE 7-16 – Design Coefficients R, Ωo, Cd & Height Limitations
55
Design Coefficients & Factors for Steel Seismic Force-Resisting Systems
AISC Seismic
Manual,
Table 1-9a
(adapted from
ASCE 7-16)
56
Vertical Combinations of Structural Systems per ASCE 7-16 Section 12.2.3.1
MRF
MRF
* Graphic reproduced from “Seismic Loads – Guide to the Seismic Load Provisions of ASCE 7-10” by Finley A. Charney, ASCE Press, 2014.
57
Vertical Combinations of Structural Systems per ASCE 7-16 Section 12.2.3.1
58
ASCE 7-16 – Design Coefficients R, Ωo, Cd
59
ASCE 7-16 – Displacement for Drift Calculation
60
ASCE 7-16 – Displacement for Drift Calculation
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California
San Diego, 2009 NASCC.
61
ASCE 7-16 – The Overstrength Factor Ωo
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
62
ASCE 7-16 – Rigid & Flexible Diaphragms
* Right slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
63
ASCE 7-16 – Horizontal Structural Irregularities
64
ASCE 7-16 – Vertical Structural Irregularities
65
ASCE 7-16 – Vertical Structural Irregularities
Slide reproduced
from FEMA
“Structural Steel
Design 9”
presentation by
Rafael Sabelli,
Instructional
Material
Complementing
FEMA 1051, Design
Examples.
Graphic reproduced
from “Seismic Loads –
Guide to the Seismic
Load Provisions of
ASCE 7-10” by Finley
A. Charney, ASCE
Press, 2014.
66
ASCE 7-16 – Redundancy Factor & Seismic Load Effects
67
Redundancy Factor
ASCE 7 uses a redundancy factor for structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F to
quantify redundancy, and its value is either 1.0 or 1.3.
This factor reduces the response modification coefficient R for less redundant structures, and in
consequence increases the seismic demand.
The redundancy factor penalizes less redundant structures by increasing the design of the horizontal force
By 30% and provides an economical incentive for the design of structures with well distributed lateral
-force resisting systems. The redundancy factor only applies to the SFRS.
The factor is specified in recognition of the need the topic of the redundancy in design. The desirability of
having multiple lateral force-resisting load paths has long been recognized.
The intent of redundancy is to anticipate a potential excessive loss of story shear or the developing
of an extreme torsional irregularity Type 1B per Table 12.3.1 of ASCE 7-16 that may lead to structural
failure. The value of determined for each direction may differ.
The basis of the method is to determine if a member in the SFRS can be removed without producing a
loss in story strength exceeding 33% or producing an extreme torsional irregularity.
68
Redundancy Factor
69
Redundancy Factor
70
Redundancy Factor
71
Example 1 of Redundancy Factor Calculation
Example 1: Calculate the redundancy factor for the building shown, which has special moment frames along
the north-south direction and eccentrically braced frames along the east-west direction with identical stiffness.
The structure is regular in plan and has two (2) bays of special moment-resisting perimeter framing on each
side of the building in the NS direction. Each SMF resist 50% of the shear > 35%, OK !
In addition, the building has two (2) bays of eccentrically braced frames in the perimeter of each side of the
building in the EW direction. Each EBF resist 50% of the shear > 35%, OK !
The building meets case (b) of Section 12.3.4.2 of ASCE 7-16. In consequence =1.0.
72
Example 2 of Redundancy Factor Calculation
Example 2: Calculate the redundancy factor for the building shown, which has special moment frames along
the north-south direction and eccentrically braced frames along the east-west direction with identical stiffness.
The structure is regular in plan and has two (2) bays of special moment-resisting perimeter framing on each
side of the building in the NS direction. Each SMF resist 50% of the shear > 35%, OK !
In addition, the building has one (1) bay of eccentrically braced frames in the perimeter of each side of the
building in the EW direction. This does not meet with the Section 12.3.4.2 (b) of ASCE 7-16. If we remove the
brace 1-2 at the north side of the building, this results in a reduction of 50% of the lateral resistance in the EW
direction, which is higher than 35%, NG !. See Table 12.3-3 and Section 12.3.4.2 (a) of ASCE 7-16.
The building does not meet cases (a) and (b) of Section 12.3.4.2 of ASCE 7-16. In consequence =1.3. 73
ASCE 7-16 – Horizontal & Vertical Seismic Effects and Overstrength Effects
74
ASCE 7-16 – Permitted Analytical Procedures
75
ASCE 7-16 – Seismic Equivalent Lateral Force Method
76
ASCE 7-16 – Seismic Equivalent Lateral Force Method
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 77
1051, Design Examples.
ASCE 7-16 – Fundamental Period & Seismic Equivalent Lateral Force Method
78
ASCE 7-16 – Structural Height Determination
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples. 79
ASCE 7-16 – Accidental Torsion, Amplification of Accidental Torsion & Story Drift Calculation
80
ASCE 7-16 – Story Drift Calculation & P-Delta Effects
81
ASCE 7-16 – Amplification of Accidental Torsion
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples. 82
Amplification of the Accidental Torsion
83
ASCE 7-16: P-Delta Effects
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
84
ASCE 7-16 – Story Drift Calculation
85
ASCE 7-16 – Allowable Story Drift
86
ASCE 7-16 – Seismic Design Requirements for Non-Structural Components
87
ASCE 7-16 – Seismic Design Requirements for Non-Building Structures
88
ASCE 7-16 – Design Coefficientes R, Ωo, Cd & Height Limitations for Non-Building Structures
89
ASCE 7-16 – Design Coefficientes R, Ωo, Cd & Height Limitations for Non-Building Structures
90
Design Coefficients & Factors for Nonbuilding Structures Similar to Buildings
AISC Seismic
Manual,
Table 1-9b
(adapted from
ASCE 7-16)
91
AISC 360-16 &
15th Edition Manual
92
Steel Stress-Strain Behavior
93
Moment-Curvature Diagram in Beams
94
Preferred Material Specifications for Structural Shapes
95
Preferred Material Specifications for Plates & Bars
96
Specifications for Structural Fasteners
97
AISC Manual W-Shapes Dimensions
98
Local Buckling & Width-to-Thickness Ratio
Using k=plate buckling coefficient=0.76, and taken a provision of 2.0 for residual effects, we obtain:
(b/t) 0.38 𝑬/𝑭𝒚 , which is the AISC equation for the width-to-thickness ratio for compact flanges of
I-shaped members in bending.
This limit is adjusted to (b/t) 0.32 𝑬/𝑹𝒚 𝑭𝒚 for seismic applications (see AISC 341-16, Table D1.1).
Note that the term 𝑭𝒚 is included to account the expected yield strength of the element.
99
Width-to-Thickness Criteria for Angles
101
Nominal Flexural Strength as Function of Flange b/t Ratio, Unbraced Length & Moment Gradient
102
Maximum Total Uniform Loads (kips) for W-Shapes with Fy=50 ksi
103
Available Strength in Axial Compression (kips) for W-Shapes with Fy=50 ksi
104
Available Shear & Tensile Strengths of Bolts
106
Column Limit States of Web Local Yielding, Web Compression Buckling & Flange Local Bending
Web Local Crippling & Web Sidesway Buckling
107
AISC 360-16 Section J10 - Flanges & Webs with Concentrated Forces
108
AISC 360-16 Section J10 - Flanges & Webs with Concentrated Forces
109
AISC 360-16 Section J10 - Flanges & Webs with Concentrated Forces
110
Web Panel-Zone Shear per Section J10.6 of AISC 360-16
111
Web Panel-Zone Shear per Section J10.6 of AISC 360-16
112
Column Web Stiffener & Fillet Welded Doubler Plate Details
113
Comparison of Methods for Stability Analysis & Design
114
AISC 341-16
Chapters A through D
General, Design & Connection Requirements
&
3rd Edition
Seismic Manual
115
Systems Not Specifically Detailed for Seismic Resistance (R=3)
R=3 Applications
• For structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories (SDC) A, B
and C in ASCE 7-16, the engineer can choose to solely use the
AISC 360-16 to design and detail the structure.
116
Systems Not Specifically Detailed for Seismic Resistance (R=3)
R=3 Applications
• The R=3 option is not generally available for composite steel-concrete
systems, and the engineer must follow Table 12.2-1 of ASCE 7-16, which
is linked to Section 14.3.3 which requires to follow AISC 341-16:
117
Systems Not Specifically Detailed for Seismic Resistance (R=3)
R=3 Applications
• Please note thar R=3 is not an isolated criteria to selected the
detailing code. The complete criteria includes the Seismic Design
Category.
• Some engineers select the design and detail code using the R
value as criteria. This is wrong and can lead to mistakes.
118
Systems Not Specifically Detailed for Seismic Resistance (R=3)
R=3 Applications
• For nonbuilding structures similar to buildings, Table 15.4-1 of ASCE 7-
16 also has a column with the detailing requirements as follow:
119
Bending of Steel Beams & Plastic Moment Concept
120
Behavior Modes for Beams
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
121
Values of Ry and Rt
Ry =
Ratio of the
Expected Yield
Strength to the
Specified
Minimum Yield
Strength Fy
Rt =
Ratio of the
Expected Tensile
Strength to the
Specified
Minimum Tensile
Strength Fu
122
Demand Critical Welds & Typical Charpy V-Notch Test Results
Demand Critical:
Weld designated by
AISC 341-16.
123
High & Low Toughness and Energy Absorption
124
Local Buckling & Width-to-Thickness Ratio
Using k=plate buckling coefficient=0.76, and taken a provision of 2.0 for residual effects, we obtain:
(b/t) 0.38 𝑬/𝑭𝒚 , which is the AISC equation for the width-to-thickness ratio for compact flanges of
I-shaped members in bending.
This limit is adjusted to (b/t) 0.32 𝑬/𝑹𝒚 𝑭𝒚 for seismic applications (see AISC 341-16, Table D1.1).
Note that the term 𝑭𝒚 is included to account the expected yield strength of the element.
125
Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements for Moderately & Highly Ductile Members
126
Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements for Moderately & Highly Ductile Members
127
Limiting b/t Ratios for W Shape Flanges & Webs in Compression for Moderately & Highly Ductile
Limiting b/t Ratios for Rectangular & Square HSS Walls in Compression for Moderately & Highly Ductile
128
Summary of Ductility Requirements for Various Building Structural Systems
129
Sections that Satisfy Seismic Width-to-Thickness Requirements for W Shapes
130
Sections that Satisfy Seismic Width-to-Thickness Requirements for HSS Rectangular
131
Width-to-Thickness Ratios for Compact, Noncompact & Slender Elements
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
132
ASCE 7-16 – Design Coefficientes R, Ωo, Cd & Height Limitations for Non-Building Structures
k-area:
The region of the web
that extends from the
tangent point of the
web and the flange–
web fillet (AISC “k”
dimension) a distance
of 1.5” (38 mm) into
the web beyond the k
dimension.
In addition, AWS
D1.8/D1.8M Clause 4.1
requires additional
detail requirements as
shown in Figure C-D2.3.
133
Proposed Details to Avoid Shared Forces Between Welds and Bolts
Connection of joints in
which bolts in
combination with welds
resist a common force
in a same shear
plane are prohibited.
134
Problematic Bolted / Welded Member Connections
135
Shear Transfer Mechanisms in Columns Supported by Foundations
Building codes
prescribe that friction
cannot be considered
when resisting
prescribed earthquake
loads.
136
Rigid Base Connection for Moment Frames
Where haunched-type
connections are used,
hinging occurs above
the haunch.
137
Exposed & Embedded Base Plate Connections
* Graphic reproduced from “Seismic Demands in Column Base Connections of Steel Moment Frames” by Torres-Rodas, Zareian and
Kanvinde, Earthquake Spectra, Volume 34, No 3, August 2018.
138
Doubler Plates With Plug Welds, Spaced Away & In-Contact with Webs
139
Doubler Plates With & Without Continuity Plates
140
Cap Plate Detail at Column Top
141
Weld Access Hole Configurations for Beams
142
Splice Details with Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds
143
Forces Induced by Buckling Out-of-Plane & In-Plane of Braces & 2t Concept
144
Progression of Brace Bucking and Yielding in Multi-Tiered Special Concentrically Braced Frames
(MT-SCBF) & Unbalanced Brace Story Shear Strength in MT-SCBF
MTBF
Multi-Tiered Braced Frames (MTBF) is a braced-frame configuration with two or more levels of bracing between
diaphragm levels or location of out-of-plane bracing. The beam is called “strut”.
ΔVbr=(Texp+Cexp)2Cosθ2-(Texp+C’exp)1cosθ1
Where:
Tier 1 = Lowest Tier
Tier 2 = Next Level Tier
Texp=Expected Yield Strength
C’exp=Expected Post-Buckling Strength
θ=Brace Angle
145
SCBF – Protected Zones
146
Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) using W-shape & HSS Bracings with x < e
147
Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) using W-shape Bracings with x > e
148
Buckling-Restrained Brace (BRB) Details
149
Encased Composite Column-to-Steel Beam Moment Connection
150
Pórticos Resistentes a
Momento (PRM)
151
Pórticos Resistentes a Momento (PRM)
• Ventajas:
- Alta ductilidad.
- Versatilidad arquitectónica.
• Desventajas:
- Control de derivas, alto costo de las conexiones.
.152
Pórticos Resistentes a Momento (PRM)
153
Load Combinations & Worst Effects
Graphics reproduced
from “Seismic Loads –
Guide to the Seismic
Load Provisions of
ASCE 7-10” by Finley A.
Charney, ASCE Press, 2014.
154
Ductile Moment Resisting Frames
La conexión deberá
desarrollar la
resistencia total de la
viga
155
Sidesway Mechanism Controlled by Beams and Column Base Hinges & Panel-Zone Yielding
Frames should be capable of developing plastic mechanisms consisting of the formation of plastic
hinges in the beams, near the beam-to-column joints and at the base of the columns (left graphic,
which shows 19 plastic hinges including the column bases).
If the shear strength of the panel zone is sufficient small, the forces in the beams and columns
will be limited by yielding in the column web. If the frame is controlled by this type of behavior,
the sidesway mechanism is like the right graphic (15 plastic hinges including column bases).
.
* Graphics reproduced from “Earthquake and Seismic Design” by Ronald O. Hamburger, Facts for Steel Buildings Number 3, American Institute of Steel
Construction, 2009. 156
Moment Resistant Frames – Encourage & Discourage Behaviors
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
157
Special Steel Moment Frames
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 1051, Design Examples.
158
Target Yield Mechanism for Moment Resistant Frames
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California
San Diego, 2009 NASCC. 159
Desarrollo del Comportamiento Dúctil
ductilidad =
161
Resistencia Esperada a la Fluencia (Expected Yield Strength)
Fye = RyFy
en donde:
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California
San Diego, 2009 NASCC. 163
Hysterical Behavior
(a) (b)
Malo Bueno
164
Excellent Moment Frame Behavior
165
Disposiciones Sísmicas del AISC para PRM
166
Pasos Fundamentales del Diseño Sísmico
167
Localizaciones de Articulaciones Plásticas
168
Mecanismos de Colapso
(a) (b)
Mecanismo por formación Mecanismo por formación de
de articulaciones en las articulaciones en las columnas (ladeo
vigas (ladeo del edificio) del edificio por efecto de piso blando)
169
Requisitos del AISC para PERM - Concepto Columnas Fuertes & Vigas Débiles
170
Moment Resisting Frames Timeline & Pre-Northridge Moment Connection
171
Sismo de Northridge en 1994
• Magnitud: 6.8
• Víctimas: 58
172
Aceleraciones del Terreno Durante el Sismo de Northridge
173
Daños en Edificios de Acero en el Sismo de Northridge
174
Daños Observados en los Edificios de Acero
176
Northridge Failures on Moment Connections
(a) fractura parcial en la soldadura de conexión (b) fractura completa en la soldadura de conexión
(c) fractura a través de la aleta de la viga con inicio (d) desgarramiento laminar en la aleta de la
en la raíz de la soldadura columna
178
Resumen de Daños Observados en las Conexiones
(e) fractura parcial de la aleta de la columna (f) fractura total de la aleta de la columna
(g) fractura a través de la aleta de la columna (h) fractura a través de la aleta y del alma de la
columna
179
Backing Bars
Field weld creates a large volume of molten metal which remains fluid for an appreciable
period. It is essential that this molten metal be supported and contained until is has
solidified. The non-fusible backing employ temporary backing which is removed after the
weld is completed, while in fusible metallic backing case, the backing becomes parts of the
complete joint.
180
Reparación Típica de Conexión entre
Aletas de Vigas y Columnas
aleta existente de la columna
181
Carga (kips)
Ensayos
Experimentales
Realizados en la
Universidad de
California en Deflexión Lateral (pul)
Década de los
Años 70
placa
de respaldo
Sección A-A
182
falla
Ensayos
Carga (kips)
Experimentales
Realizados en la
Universidad de
California en Deflexión Lateral (pul)
Berkeley en la
Década de los placa de respaldo
Años 70
placa de respaldo
Sección B-B
W24x76 con Aletas Soldadas y Alma
Empernada con 7 Pernos 1’’
183
Resumen de los Ensayos Realizados Antes del Sismo de Northridge
184
Acciones Tomadas Frente a los Daños en las Conexiones de PRM
• La soldadura
• Los materiales
186
Causas de los Daños en las Conexiones de PRM
187
Causas de los Daños en las Conexiones de PRM
189
Causas de los Daños en las Conexiones de PRM
191
Incremento en los Esfuerzos de las Aletas Debido a la
Inadecuada Transferencia de las Fuerzas a Través de la
Conexión del Alma
Esfuerzo en la Aleta
192
Incremento en los Esfuerzos de
la Aleta Debido al Cortante en la Aleta
aleta
193
Concentraciones de Esfuerzo en las Aletas
Concentración de esfuerzos
debido a:
• El hueco de acceso de la
soldadura
• El cortante en la aleta
• La inadecuada participación
a flexión de la conexión del
alma
194
Causas de los Daños en las Conexiones de PRM
195
Estrategias Para Mejorar el Comportamiento de las Conexiones PRM
calidad.
conexiones y su detallado.
196
Estrategias Para Mejorar el Comportamiento de las Conexiones PRM
197
Soldaduras de Demanda Crítica Según AISC 341-16, Sección A4.4b
198
Estrategias Para Mejorar el Comportamiento de las Conexiones PRM
Fye = RyFy
en donde :
200
Resultados del Programa de Investigación de SAC para PRM
• FEMA 350
Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Moment
Frame Buildings
• FEMA 351
Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for
Existing Welded Steel Moment Frame Buildings
• FEMA 352
Recommended Postearthquake Evaluation and Repair Criteria for
Welded Steel Moment Frame Buildings
• FEMA 353
Recommended Specifications and Quality Assurance Guidelines
for Steel Moment Frame Construction for Seismic Aplications
201
Resultados del Programa de Investigación de SAC para PRM
FEMA 350
Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel
Moment Frame Buildings
204
Ciclo de Histéresis Típico para Vigas de Sección Reducida
Probeta
Momento de Flexión (kips-pul)
205
Radio de Corte Recomendado para Vigas de Sección Reducida
206
Vigas de Sección Reducida con Losas de Entrepiso
Compuestas
no se admiten conectores de
corte en esta zona
207
Bases de Diseño para el Dimensionamiento de la Sección
Reducida de la Viga
esperado a la fluencia
208
La Zona del Panel
Observaciones al Comportamiento de la Zona del Panel
209
La Zona del Panel de la Columna
• Un alto cortante
• Fluencia a cortante y a posibles grandes
deformaciones (articulaciones a cortante)
210
La Zona del Panel de la Columna
Deformación de
la conexión
debido a
la fluencia a
cortante de
la zona
del panel
211
Modeling of The Panel Zone
* Graphic reproduced from “Earthquake and Seismic Design” by Ronald O. Hamburger, Facts for Steel Buildings Number 3, American Institute of Steel
Construction, 2009.
212
Modeling of The Panel Zone
213
Panel Zone Free-Body Diagram & Equivalent Internal Forces
214
Panel Zone Strength
215
Panel Zone Strength Using the AISC Manual Tools
216
Comportamiento de la Zona del Panel con Losa Compuesta
217
Diaphragm Force Distribution in Chords & Collectors
Collector
Also known as “drag struct”; member
that serves to transfer loads between
diaphragms and the members of the
vertical force-resisting system elements
of the seismic force-resisting system.
Chord
Structural member along the
boundary of a diaphragms that resist
tension and compression forces.
218
Beam-to-Column Special Moment Frame Connection Detail (WUF-W)
WUF-W=
Welded Unreinforced
Flange-Welded Web
219
Intended Yield Mechanism of Special Truss Moment Frames (STMF)
220
Inelastic Behavior of Special Truss Moment Frames (STMF)
* Graphic reproduced from “Earthquake and Seismic Design” by Ronald O. Hamburger, Facts for Steel Buildings Number 3, American
Institute of Steel Construction, 2009.
221
Composite Special Moment Frames (C-SMF) – Section G3 of AISC/ANSI 341-16
223
Composite Special Moment Frames (C-SMF) – Column & Beam Examples
224
Pórticos Arriostrados
Concéntricamente (PAC)
225
Tipos de Pórticos de Acero Arriostrados
PAC PAE
Pórticos Pórticos
Arriostrados Arriostrados
Concéntricamente Excéntricamente
226
Tipos de Pórticos Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PAC)
Arriostramiento en X Arriostramiento en K
(prohibido en PEAC y POAC)
227
Plastic Collapse Mechanisms of Chevron & K-Braced Frame Systems
228
Pórticos Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PAC)
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California
San Diego, 2009 NASCC. 230
Ductile Braces Frames & Special Concentrically Braced Frame Behavior
231
Pórticos Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PAC)
232
Special Concentrically Braced Frames
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
233
Concentrically Braced Frames – Encourage & Discourage Behaviors
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
234
Plastic Mechanisms Analyses in Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 1051, Design Examples.
235
Brace Cyclic Behavior
236
Plastic Mechanisms Analyses in Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)
Fcre=critical stress calculated from Specification Chapter E, Equations E3-2 or E3-3, using the expected
yield stress RyFy in lieu of Fy (ksi)(MPa).
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
237
Plastic Mechanisms Analyses in Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)
Fcre=critical stress calculated from Specification Chapter E, Equations E3-2 or E3-3, using the expected
yield stress RyFy in lieu of Fy (ksi)(MPa).
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
238
Special Concentrically Braced Frames
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California San Diego,
2009 NASCC.
239
Special Concentrically Braced Frames
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California San Diego,
2009 NASCC.
240
Special Concentrically Braced Frames Target Yield Mechanism
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California
San Diego, 2009 NASCC. 241
Observaciones para Pórticos Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PAC)
242
Disposiciones Sísmicas para Pórticos Especiales Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PEAC)
243
Special Concentrically Braced Frames Bracing Ductility Requirements
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California
San Diego, 2009 NASCC.
244
SCBF – Brace Frame Behavior & Progression of Failure of HSS Braces
* Pictures reproduced from NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No 8 “Seismic Design of Steel Special Concentrically
Braced Frame Systems” by Rafael Sabelli, Charles W. Roeder and Jerome F. Hajjar, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, NIST GCR 13-917-24, July 2013.
245
SCBF – Brace Frame Cupping (Local Strain Concentration) & Rupture Failures
246
SCBF Earthquake Damages
247
* Pictures reproduced from NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No 8 “Seismic Design of Steel Special Concentrically Braced Frame Systems” by Rafael
Sabelli, Charles W. Roeder and Jerome F. Hajjar, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST GCR 13-917-24, July 2013.
Disposiciones Sísmicas para Pórticos Especiales Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PEAC)
249
Pórticos Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PAC)
250
Pórticos Arriostrados Concéntricamente (PAC)
251
SCBF – Accommodation of Brace Out-of-Plane Buckling per Commentary AISC 341-16 Section F2.6c.3
2t requirement
mandatory for
SCBF only
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California
San Diego, 2009 NASCC.
252
SCBF – Accommodation of Brace Out-of-Plane Buckling per Commentary AISC 341-16 Section F2.6c.3
253
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California San Diego,
2009 NASCC.
SCBF – Accommodation of Brace Out-of-Plane Buckling per Commentary AISC 341-16 Section F2.6c.3
254
SCBF – Accommodation of Brace Out-of-Plane & In-Plane Buckling per AISC 341-16 Section F2.6c.3
* Figures reproduced from NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No 8 “Seismic Design of Steel Special Concentrically Braced Frame Systems” by Rafael
Sabelli, Charles W. Roeder and Jerome F. Hajjar, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST GCR 13-917-24, July 2013. 255
SCBF –Bracing Detail with Large Gusset Plates and Lack of Esthetic Appearance
SCBF – Protected Zones
257
SCBF – Base Connection with Foundation Embedded Plates
258
Pórticos Arriostrados
Excéntricamente (PAE)
259
Tipos de Pórticos de Acero Arriostrados
PAC PAE
Pórticos Pórticos
Arriostrados Arriostrados
Concéntricamente Excéntricamente
260
Target Yield Mechanism for Eccentrically Braced Frames
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California San Diego,
2009 NASCC. 261
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
262
Eccentrically Braced Resistant Frames – Encourage & Discourage Behaviors
* Slide reproduced from FEMA “Structural Steel Design 9” presentation by Rafael Sabelli, Instructional Material Complementing FEMA
1051, Design Examples.
263
Eccentrically Braced Frames
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California San Diego,
2009 NASCC.
264
Eccentrically Braced Frames
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California San Diego,
2009 NASCC. 265
Eccentrically Braced Frames
* Graphic reproduced from presentation “Underlying Concepts in Seismic Design Codes” by Chia-Ming Uang, University of California San Diego,
2009 NASCC.
266
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
267
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
268
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
269
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
272
Vínculos a Cortante vs Vínculos a Flexión
273
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
2M p
e
Vp
- Para la fluencia a flexión del vínculo:
2M p
e
Vp 274
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
1.6M p
e
Vp
- Cuando predomina la fluencia a flexión en el vínculo,
2.6M p
e
Vp
1.6M p 2.6M p
e
Vp Vp 275
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
1.6M p
e
Vp
el cual proporciona el mejor comportamiento
estructural global debido a su:
a) Resistencia
b) Rigidez
c) Ductilidad
276
Fluencia a Cortante del Vínculo
277
Fluencia a Cortante del Vínculo
Cortante (kips)
(radianes)
e = 711 mm =
278
Pórticos Arriostrados Excéntricamente (PAE)
279
Verificación de la Rotación Inelástica del Vínculo
280
Soportes Laterales en los Extremos del Vínculo
ubicación de riostras
laterales
e
tubo
tubo
281
Conexiones Riostra – Vínculo
(a)
detalle de conexión
directa con riostra
en tubo
tubo
(b)
detalle de conexión
con riostra en
perfil W
perfil W
282
Programas para el Diseño de
Conexiones
283
Limcon – Structural Steel Connection Design Software
284
RAM – Staad Module for Structural Steel Connection Design
285
RAM – Staad Module for Structural Steel Connection Design
286