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k1 k3 k4
A B C D
k2 k5
A+ B= Ao
C+ D=0
A+ B+C+ D= Ao
Donde A(t), B(t), C(t) y D(t) son las concentraciones de A,B,C y D, respectivamente en
un tiempo t. Las ecuaciones diferenciales del sistema son:
A' =−k 1 A+ k 2 B
A' =−k 1 A+ k 2 ( A0 −A )
A' + ( k 1+ k 2 ) A= A0 k 2
A' + ( k 1+ k 2 ) A= A0 k 2
La cual tiene la siguiente forma y ' + p (x) y=q ( x)
p ( t ) =k 1 +k 2
(k 1+ k2 )dt
m ( t )=e∫ =e(k +k )t
1 2
'
( e(k +k )t A ) =( A0 k 2 ) e(k +k )t
1 2 1 2
Integramos:
(k 1 +k 2)t ( A 0 k 2)e(k + k )t 1 2
e A= +N
(k 1+ k 2)
(A 0 k 2 )e (k +k )t e−(k +k )t 1 2
−(k +k )t
1 2
A= +N e 1 2
( k 1 +k 2 )
( A 0 k 2)
A(0)= + N e−(k +k )(0)= A 0 1 2
(k 1 +k 2)
( A0 k2 )
+ N= A 0
(k 1+ k 2)
( A0 k 2 )
N= A 0−
( k 1+ k 2 )
( A 0 k 1)
N=
(k 1 +k 2 )
Entonces:
( A 0 k 2) ( A 0 k 1) −(k +k )t
A= + e 1 2
(k 1 +k 2) (k 1 +k 2 )
Es solución particular de A.
p ( t ) =k 2 +k 3
(k ¿ ¿2 +k 3)dt=e (k +k ) t ¿
b ( t )=e∫
2 3
' k1 A0
( e(k +k )t B ) =
2 3
( k2 e
(k 2+k 3)t
+ k1 e
−(k 1+k 2)t
e
(k 2+k 3)t
)
(k1 + k2 )
Integramos:
' k A
∫ ( e(k +k )t B ) dt =∫ ( k 1+k0 ) (k 2 e (k +k )t + k 1 e (k −k )t ) dt
2 3 2 3 3 1
1 2
k 2+ k 3 t
(k 2 +k 3)t k 1 A 0 k 2 e ( ) k 1 e(k −k )t 3 1
e B= ( + )+ M
( k 1 +k 2) ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3−k 1
k 2 +k 3 t
k 1 A 0 k 2 e ( ) k 1 e(k −k )t −(k +k )t 3
−(k +k )t
1
B= ( + )e +M e 2 3 2 3
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2 +k 3 ) k 3−k 1
k1 A0 k2 k 1 e−(k +k )t 1 2
−(k +k )t
B= ( + )+ M e 2 3
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3 −k 1
k1 A0 k2 k 1 e−(k +k )(0) 1 2
−(k +k )(0)
B= ( + )+ M e =0 2 3
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3 −k 1
k1 A0 k2 k1
( + )+ M =0
( k 1 +k 2) ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3−k 1
−k 1 A 0 k2 k1
M= ( + )
( k 1 + k 2 ) ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3−k 1
Entonces reemplazamos M en la solución general para obtener la solución particular
− k 1+k 2 ) t
k A k2 k e ( k 1 A0 k2 k
B= 1 0
( + 1
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3−k 1 )
− ( + 1 ) e−(k +k )t
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2 +k 3 ) k 3−k 1
2 3
− k 1+k 2 t
k e ( )
k A k2 k e−(k +k )t k 1 e−(k +k )t 2 3 2 3
B= 1 0 ( + 1 − 2 − )
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3 −k 1 ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3 −k 1
k1 A0 k2 k1
B= ( ( 1−e−( k +k )t ) + 2 3
( e−( k +k )t −e−( k +k ) t ) )
1 2 2 3
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2+ k 3 ) k 3−k 1
Es solución particular de B.
C ' =k 3 B−k 4 C +k 5 D
k1 A 0 k2 k
C ' + ( k 4 + k 5 ) C=k 3
( (
( k 1 +k 2 ) ( k 2+ k 3 )
( 1−e−( k +k ) t ) + 1 ( e−( k +k )t −e−( k +k )t )
k 3−k 1
2 3 1 2 2 3
))
Se tiene la siguiente forma y ' + p (x) y=q ( x)
Donde p ( t )=k 4 +k 5
(k ¿¿ 4 +k 5)dt=e (k¿¿4 +k ) t¿ ¿
c ( t ) =e∫
5
k1 A 0 k 3 k2 k
e
'
(k ¿ ¿4 +k 5)t (C + (k 4 +k 5) C)=
( (
(k 1 +k 2) ( k 2+k 3 ) k3 −k 1
1 2 2 3
))
( 1−e− (k + k )t )+ 1 ( e− (k + k ) t −e− (k + k )t ) e(k ¿¿ 4+ k )t ¿ ¿
2 3 5
Ordenamos
¿¿
---
¿¿
Integrar:
∫¿¿
---
A 0 k 1 k3
(k ¿ ¿4 +k 5)t C= ¿¿
(k 1 +k 2)
e
C=¿
---
C=¿
A0 k 1 k 3 k2 1 1 k1 1 1
C (0)=(
( ( −
) +
( −
))
( k 1 + k 2 ) ( k 2 + k 3 ) ( k 4 + k 5 ) ( −k 2−k 3 +k 4+ k 5 ) k 3 −k 1 ( −k 1−k 2 + k 4 + k 5 ) ( −k 2−k 3 + k 4 + k 5 )
)+ N
---
A0 k1 k3 k2 1 1 k 1 1
N=−(
( ( −
) + 1
( −
( k 1 +k 2 ) ( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) (−k 2−k 3 + k 4 + k 5 ) k 3−k 1 (−k 1−k 2 +k 4 +k 5 ) (−k 2−k 3 +k 4 +k 5 )
)
))
Entonces:
C=¿
---
A 0 k 1k3
C=
( (k1 + k2 )
¿
)
Es solución particular de C.
D ' =k 4 C−k 5 D
D ' +k 5 D=k 4 C
Se tiene la siguiente forma y ' + p (x) y=q ( x)
p ( t ) =k 5
k 5 dt
b ( t )=e∫ =e k 5 t
A0 k 1 k 3 k 4
e k t ( D ' +k 5 D ) =
5
( ( k 1 +k 2 )
¿
)
---
−k −k +k ) t −k −k + k ) t − k −k +k ) t
A 0 k1 k3 k4 k2 e k t −e−k t e−k t −e ( k1 e( −e−k t e( + e−k
)(
2 3 5 1 2 5 2 3 5
( ( ) (
5 4 4 4
'
(ek t D ) =
5
+ + −
(k1 + k2 ) ( k 2+ k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) (−k 2−k 3+ k 4 + k 5 ) k 3−k 1 (−k 1−k 2 +k 4 +k 5 ) (−k 2−k 3 +k 4 +k
Integrar:
−k −k +k ) t −k −k + k ) t − k −k +
A 0 k1 k3 k4 k2 e k t−e−k t e−k t −e ( k1 e( −e−k t e(
)(
2 3 5 1 2 5 2 3
( ( ) (
5 4 4 4
∫ ( e k t D ) ' dt=∫
5
+ + −
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) (−k 2−k 3+ k 4 + k 5 ) k 3−k 1 (−k 1−k 2 +k 4 +k 5) (−k 2−k
---
− k −k +k ) t
A0 k1 k3 k4 k2 e k t e−k t e−k t e ( k1
)( ( 1 1
)
2 3 5
( )
5 4 4
e k t D=
5
( (k1 + k2 )
+
( k 2+ k 3 ) ( k 4 + k 5 ) k 5 k 4
− ( + )+ (
(−k 2−k 3 +k 4 +k 5 ) k 4 −k 2 −k 3 +k 5 k 3−k 1 (−k 1−
−k −k +k )t
A0 k1 k3 k4 k2 e k t e−k t e−k t e ( k1
)( ( 1 1 1
)
2 3 5
( )
5 4 4
D=
( ( k 1+ k 2 )
+
( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) k 5 k 4
− ( + )+ (
(−k 2−k 3+ k 4 + k 5 ) k 4 −k 2−k 3 + k 5 k 3 −k 1 ( −k 1−k 2
---
−k −k ) t
A0 k1 k3 k4 k2 1 1 e−(k +k )t 1 e−(k +k )t e( k
)( ( )
4 5 4 5 2 3
D=
( ( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) k 5
+
k4 ( − (
( −k 2−k 3 +k 4 + k 5 ) k 4 ) +
−k 2−k 3+ k 5
) + 1 (
k 3−k 1 (−k
---
D=
( ( k 1+ k 2 ) (
( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) k 5
+
k4
−
)
(−k 2−k 3 +k 4 +k 5 )
(
k4
+
−k 2 −k 3 +k 5
)+ (
k 3−k 1 (−
---
A0 k1 k3 k4 k2 1 1 1 1 1 1 k1 1
( ( k 1+ k 2 ) )( ( ( + −
) ( + )+ (
)
( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) k 5 k 4 (−k 2 −k 3 +k 4 +k 5 ) k 4 −k 2 −k 3 +k 5 k 3−k 1 (−k 1−k 2 +k 4 +k 5 ) (
---
A 0 k1 k3 k4 k2 1 1 1 1 1 1 k1 1
Q=−
( ( k 1+ k 2 ) )( ( ( + −
) ( + )+ (
)
( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) k 5 k 4 (−k 2 −k 3 +k 4 +k 5 ) k 4 −k 2 −k 3 +k 5 k 3−k 1 (−k 1−k 2 +k 4
Entonces:
(−k −k ) t
A0 k1 k3 k4 k2 −(k +k )t −(k +k )t
k
)( ( 1 1 e 1 e e
)
4 5 4 5 2 3
D=
( ( k 1+ k 2 ) (
( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) k 5
+
k4
−
) (
( −k 2−k 3 +k 4 + k 5 ) k 4
+
−k 2−k 3+ k 5
) + 1 (
k 3−k 1 (−k
---
− k +k )t − k +k ) t −k −k )t
A0 k1 k3 k4 k2 1 1−e−k t e ( −e−k t 1 e ( +e−k t e(
( ( ) (
4 5 4 5 2 3
( )
5 5 5
+e
D= ( + − +
( k 1+ k 2 ) ( k 2 +k 3 ) ( k 4 +k 5 ) k5 k4 (−k 2 −k 3 +k 4 +k 5 ) k4 −k 2−k 3 +
Es solución particular de D.