Práctica adsorción

sistema líquido-sólido
María Alejandra Castro Ibarra
Diana Carolina Deaza Rey
John Carlos López Moreno
Grupo 1
1
Justificación
Los iones de metales pesados son uno
de los principales componentes que
contaminan el agua

2
 La adsorción es una operación que
ha despertado un gran interés como
alternativa para el control de la
contaminación

Recopilación de datos fácil y

segura

Mejor comprensión de las

limitaciones de los procesos
industriales y ambientales

3
Uso de un espectrofotómetro con el
fin de medir las concentraciones de Adsorbente de origen vegetal
Cu2+ remanentes en los filtrados

4
 Objetivos
● Determinar el mecanismo de adsorción predominante en el sistema de
adsorbato-adsorbente propuesto a determinada temperatura.
● Obtener la isoterma de adsorción para el sistema de
adsorbato-adsorbente propuesto
● Identificar el efecto de la temperatura sobre la capacidad de adsorción.
● Determinar el modelo de adsorción más ajustable al sistema propuesto.

5
 Marco teórico

Es un fenómeno en el cual
átomos o moléculas de una
sustancia son retenidas en
la superficie de otra

Quimisorción Fisisorción
6
 Fisisorción

La principal fuerza de unión en la

fisisorción son las interacciones dipolares
como las fuerzas de Van der Waals o las
fuerzas de dispersión de London, por lo
que la estructura electrónica del átomo
prácticamente no es perturbada.

7
 Quimisorción

El adsorbato pierde su identidad

química y es retenido mediante la
formación de una monocapa, por
lo cual es un proceso irreversible.

8
 Fisisorción / Quimisorción

△G° 0 a -20 Kj/mol -80 a -400 Kj/mol

△H° 2.1 a 20.9 Kj/mol 80 a 200 Kj/mol

9
 Isotermas e isóbaras

Isotermas de adsorción (quimisorción y fisisorción)

10
 Modelos

Langmuir Freundlich

11
 Procedimiento
Preparación de soluciones
Inicialmente se deben preparar las soluciones de
sulfato de cobre que serán empleadas. Se
recomienda preparar las siguientes soluciones de
Cu2+:
● 500 mg/L
● 5 mg/L
● 4 mg/L
● 3 mg/L
● 2 mg/L
● 1 mg/L
● 0.5 mg/L 12
 Elaboración curva de calibración

Con las soluciones preparadas, se debe realizar la

curva de calibración siguiendo la ley de
beer-Lambert con ayuda del espectrofotómetro.

En ciertos casos, el espectrofotómetro ya cuenta

con pruebas estándar, para las cuales son
necesarios ciertos reactivos. En caso de usar estas
pruebas no es obligatorio la realización de esta
calibración.

13
 Preparación de adsorbente
Este paso se realiza de manera simultánea a la
preparación de soluciones

Se seca el adsorbato, en este caso cascarilla de arroz,

en el horno a una temperatura de 105°C
aproximadamente, por 30 mins aprox.

Con la cascarilla seca, esta es macerada con el fin de

reducir el tamaño de partícula y obtener una mayor
área superficial.

14
 Ensayo de adsorción

Este ensayo está dividido en 2 partes principales, las cuales se deben realizar
en simultáneo. Estas partes son:

● El ajuste de los modelos de adsorción

● Determinación de los parámetros termodinámicos

15
 Ajuste de modelos
Se necesitan:
● 1 equipo mezclador
● 5 Vasos de precipitados de
500 mL
Se agregan 200 mL de solución a
cada vaso, con una concentración
diferente para cada uno.
Se inicia la mezcla entre 100 y
200 RPM y se dosifica el
adsorbente

16
 Ajuste de modelos

A una de las soluciones se le hace

seguimiento del equilibrio

Al finalizar se toman las

mediciones de concentración y se
registran los datos

17
 Determinación de parámetros termodinámicos
Se necesitan:
● 4 planchas de calentamiento
● 5 Vasos de precipitados de 500
mL
● 4 termometros
● 4 agitadores magneticos
Se agregan 200 mL de solución a
cada vaso, con una concentración
diferente para cada uno.
Se inicia la mezcla entre 100 y 200 RPM, se realiza el control de temperatura y
se dosifica el adsorbente (T=ambiente, 30, 40 y 60 °C)
18
 Determinación de parámetros termodinámicos
Se mantiene la temperatura constante
durante toda la operación

19
 Cálculos
El porcentaje de adsorción de Cu2+ adsorbido de la solución por el adsorbato se calculó
usando lo siguiente
Ec.1

La cantidad de absorbida de Cu2+ a un tiempo t

Ec.2

La adsorción en el equilibrio, qe(mg g-1) son medidas usando

Ec.3
20
La forma linealizada de la ecuación de la isoterma de Langmuir es la mostrada a
continuación

Ec.4

Los parámetros de Langmuir, Q0 y b, son

calculados de la pendiente y el intercepto
de la gráfica.

Figura X. Isoterma de adsorción de Langmuir. Tomado de: Muryantot y S

Djatmiko Hadi 2016. 21
 La ecuación linealizada de Freundlich es la siguiente

Ec.5

Las gráficas de la isoterma de Freundlich

produce una línea recta con pendiente 1/n de
intercepto log Kf.

Figura X. Isoterma de adsorción de Freundlich. Tomado de: Muryantot y S

Djatmiko Hadi 2016.
22
 Los procesos de adsorción pueden ser expresados en términos del cambio en los
parámetros termodinámicos
Ec.6
Ec.7
A continuación Kc puede ser definida como

Ec.8

Otros arreglos de las ecuaciones 5 y 6,

producirían lo siguiente

Ec.9

Figura X. Efecto de la temperatura para la adsorción de Cu2+. Tomado de:

Muryantot y S Djatmiko Hadi 2016.
23
 Cotizaciones

Se realizó la cotización de dos equipos

principales:
● Equipo para ensayo de jarras de 6 puestos
con un precio de $4 188 000
● Espectrofotometro de rango visible Iris 801,
con un precio de $8 990 990

24
GRACIAS

25
Let’s start this year
with attitude!
26
 Week #2
January 3rd to January 9th
Here you could describe the topic of the section and the activities

27
 Monday: To do list

You can organize your ideas clearly The planet’s name has nothing to do

You’ll never forget to buy milk! It’s terribly hot –even hotter than Venus

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun It’s the biggest planet in our System

Venus has a beautiful name, but it’s hot Saturn is the ringed one and a gas giant

Earth is where we live on Neptune is the farthest planet from Sun

Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Pluto is not technically a planet!

28
 Tuesday: Today’s chores
Time Morning

08:10 | Go to the beauty salon Mercury is the closest planet to the

10:25 | Pick up grocery at Macy’s Sun and the smallest one in the Solar
11:30 | Pick up Alex’s brother System—it’s only a bit larger

Time Afternoon

13:30 | Birthday shopping with Ana The planet’s name has nothing to do
16:30 | Visit auntie Lucie with the liquid metal since it was
19:30 | Plan next day named after the Roman god, Mercury

29
Wednesday 6th: Three Kings Day
Notes

It’s a gas giant and the biggest planet in our Solar

System. Jupiter is the fourth-brightest object in
the sky and universe

It’s time to celebrate!

Yes, this is the ringed one. It’s a gas giant,

composed mostly of hydrogen and helium,
carbon dioxide and other gases

30
 Thursday: Must go places in this 2021

Notes
Venus has a
beautiful name and Venus
is the second
planet from the Mercury
Sun. It’s terribly
hot—even hotter Saturn
than Mercury— and
its outside is
extremely bad for
the environment

31
Thank God
it’s Friday!
Go and celebrate: you deserve to be happy

32
 Week #3
January 10th to January 16th
Here you could describe the topic of the section and the activities

33
 Monday: This week’s chores
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

Maisie

Ana

Me

Mercury Venus Mars Earth Jupiter

34
 Tuesday: Traffic hours best to avoid
100

9:00 Hrs 10:00 Hrs

75
Mercury is the closest The planet’s name has
planet to the Sun and nothing to do with the
the smallest one in the liquid metal since it
50
Solar System was named

12:00 Hrs 13:00 Hrs

25

0 Jupiter is the Yes, this is the ringed

Mars Venus Jupiter Saturn fourth-brightest object one. It’s a gas giant,
in the universe’s sky. It composed mostly of
If you want to modify this graph, click on it, follow is really big and ringed hydrogen and helium
the link, change the data and replace it in the slide

35
It’s hump
day!
Wednesday: a nice day to rewind the week

36
 Thursday: What my day will be like

First step Fourth step

04
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun name, but it’s hot
03
01

Second step Third step

It’s the biggest planet Saturn is the ringed
in our Solar System
02 one and a gas giant

37
 Friday: Habit tracker
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
10 11 12 13 14 15 16

38
 Week #4
January 17th to January 23rd
Here you could describe the topic of the section and the activities

39
 Monday: Today’s schedule

8:00-9:00 Hrs 9:30-11:30 Hrs 11:45-13:00 Hrs

Mercury is the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful name, but Despite being red, Mars is an
the Sun and stars it’s terribly hot extremely cold place, not hot

13:30-14:45 Hrs 15:00-16:00 Hrs 16:30-20:00 Hrs

It’s the biggest planet in our Solar Saturn is the ringed one and a Neptune is the farthest planet
System and universe really gassy giant from the Sun

40
 400%
Is how hyped up I was this Tuesday

13:56
Was the time I saw Juan enter on our Wednesday meeting

30 31 75 12”
Are the coordinates for Robin’s meeting on Thursday

41
 Friday: This week achievements

Mercury is the closest

24% planet to the Sun

Venus has a beautiful name,

64% but it’s terribly hot

It’s the biggest planet in our

89% Solar System

Saturn is the ringed one and

47% a really gassy giant

Neptune is the farthest

50%% planet from the Sun

42
 Week #5
January 24th to January 30th
Here you could describe the topic of the section and the activities

43
24/01/2021
This Monday is the date of my anniversary

44
 Tuesday: My day step by step

Check mail Message Do sport Have a treat

It’s the biggest planet in Saturn is the ringed Neptune is the farthest Despite being red, Mars
our Solar System one and a gas giant planet from the Sun is a cold place, not hot

45
“This is a quote. Words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make the
reader get inspired.”

–Someone famous said this on a Wednesday

46
 Thursday: Hobbies I enjoy the most

Crochet 16% Writing

24%
It’s the biggest planet in our Venus has a beautiful name,
Solar System but it’s terribly hot
15%
Painting Talking
Mercury is the closest planet Saturn is the ringed one and a
to the Sun 45% gas giant

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