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TO BE PAST
El pasado simple del verbo "To be" (ser o estar) se forma cambiando las
formas "am" e "is"por "was" y la forma "are" por "were".
Afirmativa:
- I was: yo era o yo estaba.
- You were: tú eras o tú estabas.
- He was: él era o él estaba.
- She was: ella era o ella estaba.
- It was: eso era o eso estaba.
- We were: nosotros éramos o nosotros estábamos.
- You were: vosotros erais o vosotros estabais.
- They were: ellos eran o ellos estaban.
Negativa:
- I was not: yo no era o yo no estaba.
- You were not: tú no eras o tú no estabas.
- He was not: él no era o él no estaba.
- She was not: ella no era o ella no estaba.
- It was not: eso no era o eso no estaba.
- We were not: nosotros no éramos o nosotros no estábamos.
- You were not: vosotros no erais o vosotros no estabais.
- They were not: ellos no eran o ellos no estaban.
Interrogativa:
- Was I?: ¿era yo? o ¿estaba yo?
- Were you?: ¿eras tú? o ¿estabas tú?
- Was he?: ¿era él? o ¿estaba él?
- Was she?: ¿era ella? o ¿estaba ella?
- Was it?: ¿era eso? o ¿estaba eso?
- Were we?: ¿éramos nosotros? o ¿estábamos nosotros?
- Were you?: ¿erais vosotros? o ¿estabais vosotros?
- Were they?: ¿eran ellos? o ¿estaban ellos?
Ejemplos:
- He was my friend when I was twelve years old → Él era mi amigo cuando yo tenía
doce años.
- I wasn't at school at half-past eleven → Yo no estaba en el colegio a las once y
media.
- Were they at home yesterday? → ¿Estaban ellos ayer en casa? (no confundir
"where (donde)" con were).
El pasado simple funciona de manera similar al Presente simple, salvo que empleamos el
auxiliar 'did' para todas las personas (incluida la tercera persona singular 'he / she / it').
En la forma afirmativa, el auxiliar 'did' no aparece, empleando en su lugar la terminación
'ed'. Esta es la forma de pasado para todos los 'Verbos Regulares'
Ejemplos: trabajar- work-worked; vivir: live-lived, jugar: play-played
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA
INTERROGATIVA INT.-NEGATIVA
Did I play? ¿Jugué? Didn't I play? ¿No jugué?
Did you play? ¿Jugaste? Didn't you play? ¿No jugaste?
Did he play? ¿Jugó? Didn't he play? ¿No jugó?
Did we play? ¿Jugamos? Didn't we play? ¿No jugamos?
Did you play? ¿Jugasteis? Didn't you play? ¿No jugasteis?
Did they play? ¿Jugaron? Didn't they play? ¿No jugaron?
Existe un amplio conjunto de verbos que no cumplen esta condición, es decir, para la
forma afirmativa no emplean la terminación 'ed' sino que su forma es irregular. No siguen
ninguna regla, por lo que la única manera de conocer su forma de pasado es aprenderla.
Se denominan 'Verbos Irregulares'.
A continuación se presenta una tabla con los principales verbos irregulares del inglés. Su
forma afirmativa se construye con la segunda columna (pasado simple), la forma negativa e
interrogativa requieren del auxiliar did como en los verbos regulares.
INFINITI PASAD PARTICI TRADUCCI SIMPLE PASADO
VO O PIO ÓN Arise Arose Arisen Surgir,
Levantarse Choose Chose Chosen Elegir
Awake Awoke Awoken Despertarse Cling Clung Clung Agarrarse
Be/ am, Was / Creep Crept Crept Arrastrarse
Been Ser / Estar
are, is Were Deal Dealt Dealt Tratar
Borne / Soportar,
Bear Bore Dig Dug Dug Cavar
Born dar a luz
Do (Does) Did Done Hacer
Beat Beat Beaten Golpear
Draw Drew Drawn Dibujar
Llegar a
Become Became Become Dreamt / Dreamt /
Ser Dream Soñar
Dreamed Dreamed
Begin Began Begun Empezar
Drink Drank Drunk Beber
Bend Bent Bent Doblar
Drive Drove Driven Conducir
Bet Bet Bet Apostar
Eat Ate Eaten Comer
Atar,
Bind Bound Bound encuaderna Fall Fell Fallen Caer
r Feed Fed Fed Alimentar
Bid Bid Bid Pujar Feel Felt Felt Sentir
Bite Bit Bitten Morder Fight Fought Fought Luchar
Bleed Bled Bled Sangrar Find Found Found Encontrar
Blow Blew Blown Soplar Flee Fled Fled Huir
Break Broke Broken Romper Fly Flew Flown Volar
Breed Bred Bred Criar Forbid Forbade Forbidden Prohibir
Traer Forget Forgot Forgotten Olvidar
Bring Brought Brought
Llevar
Forgive Forgave Forgiven Perdonar
Broadcas
Broadcast Broadcast Radiar Freeze Froze Frozen Helar
t
Build Built Built Edificar Got /
Get Got Obtener
Gotten
Burnt Burnt /
Burn Quemar Give Gave Given Dar
/Burned Burned
Burst Burst Burst Reventar Go (Goes) Went Gone Ir
Buy Bought Bought Comprar Grow Grew Grown Crecer
Cast Cast Cast Arrojar Grind Ground Ground Moler
Catch Caught Caught Coger Hang Hung Hung Colgar
Come Came Come Venir Haber o
Have Had Had
Tener
Cost Cost Cost Costar
Hear Heard Heard Oir
Cut Cut Cut Cortar
Hide Hid Hidden Ocultar Rise Rose Risen Levantarse
Hit Hit Hit Golpear Run Ran Run Correr
Agarrar Say Said Said Decir
Hold Held Held
Celebrar See Saw Seen Ver
Hurt Hurt Hurt Herir Seek Sought Sought Buscar
Keep Kept Kept Conservar Sell Sold Sold Vender
Saber
Know Knew Known Send Sent Sent Enviar
Conocer
Set Set Set Poner(se)
Kneel Knelt Knelt Arrodillarse
Sewed /
Hacer Sew Sewed Coser
Knit Knit Knit Sewn
punto
Shake Shook Shaken Sacudir
Lay Laid Laid Poner
Shear Shore Shorn Esquilar
Lead Led Led Conducir
Shine Shone Shone Brillar
Lean Leant Leant Apoyarse
Shoot Shot Shot Disparar
Leap Leapt Leapt Brincar
Show Showed Shown Mostrar
Learnt / Learnt /
Learn Aprender Shrink Shrank Shrunk Encogerse
Learned Learned
Leave Left Left Dejar Shut Shut Shut Cerrar
Lend Lent Lent Prestar Sing Sang Sung Cantar
Let Let Let Permitir Sink Sank Sunk Hundir
Lie Lay Lain Echarse Sit Sat Sat Sentarse
Light Lit Lit Encender Sleep Slept Slept Dormir
Lose Lost Lost Perder Slide Slid Slid Resbalar
Make Made Made Hacer Smell Smelt Smelt Oler
Mean Meant Meant Significar Sowed /
Sow Sowed Sembrar
Sown
Meet Met Met Encontrar
Speak Spoke Spoken Hablar
Mistake Mistook Mistaken Equivocar
Speed Sped Sped Acelerar
Overcam
Overcome Overcome Vencer Spell Spelt Spelt Deletrear
e
Pay Paid Paid Pagar Spend Spent Spent Gastar
Put Put Put Poner Spilt / Spilt /
Spill Derramar
Spilled Spilled
Read Read Read Leer
Spin Spun Spun Hilar
Ride Rode Ridden Montar
Spit Spat Spat Escupir
Ring Rang Rung Llamar
Hender / d od d
Split Split Split partir / Underwe Undergon
rajar Undergo Sufrir
nt e
Spoilt / Spoilt /
Spoil Estropear Undertoo Undertake
Spoiled Spoiled Undertake Emprender
k n
Spread Spread Spread Extender Wake Woke Woken Despertarse
Spring Sprang Sprung Saltar Llevar
Wear Wore Worn
Stand Stood Stood Estar en pie puesto
Steal Stole Stolen Robar Weave Wove Woven Tejer
Pegar Weep Wept Wept Llorar
Stick Stuck Stuck
Engomar Wet Wet Wet Mojar
Sting Stung Stung Picar Win Won Won Ganar
Stank/Stu
Stink Stunk Apestar Wind Wound Wound Enrollar
nk
Withdre Withdraw
Dar Withdraw Retirarse
Stride Strode Stridden w n
zancadas
Wring Wrung Wrung Torcer
Strike Struck Struck Golpear
Write Wrote Written Escribir
Swear Swore Sworn Jurar
Sweat Sweat Sweat Sudar
Sweep Swept Swept Barrer
Swell Swelled Swollen Hinchar
Swim Swam Swum Nadar
Columpiars
Swing Swung Swung
e
Take Took Taken Coger
Teach Taught Taught Enseñar
Tear Tore Torn Rasgar
Tell Told Told Decir
Think Thought Thought Pensar
Arrojar
Throw Threw Thrown
Tirar
Thrust Thrust Thrust Introducir
Pisar,
Tread Trod Trodden
hollar
Understan Understo Understoo Entender
ACTIVIDADES
Examples:
- La historia fue sobre un pequeño pianista: The story was about a little pianist
- El adoraba tocar el piano: He loved to play the piano
LOS CONECTORES
Los conectores, en inglés sirven para indicar una relación entre dos palabras o elementos
gramaticales, como entre frases u oraciones entre sí, entre palabras con frases, oraciones con
palabras, adjetivos, adverbios, verbos, sustantivos, etc.
Los conectores son palabras o grupos de palabras cuya función principal establecer algún tipo de
relación entre las oraciones que forman parte de un texto. Dependiendo del tipo de conector que
empleemos, le daremos un sentido determinado a nuestro texto.
CLASES DE CONECTORES
but pero
because porque
for porque
because of debido a
as puesto que
as como
as if / as though como si
than que
even if incluso si
Conectores
Significado
Conclusivos
hence de ahí
so entonces
if / whether si
Conectores
Significado
Copulativos
and y
not only [...] but [...] as no solo [...] sino [...] también
well
I. Rellena los espacios de las siguientes frases con el conector más adecuado (SO, BECAUSE,
BUT y ALTHOUGH).
a. I was very tired (so) I went to bed.
b. (Although) he wasn’t very hungry, he ate a big hamburger.
c. I love that film (because) it’s very good.
d. The interview was very difficult (but) he got the job.
e. (Although) she likes football, she prefers hockey.
f. His first book is very good (but) his second one is even better.
g. We went to the supermarket (because) there was no food at home.
h. They didn’t like the programme (so) they turned off the tv.
RESPUESTAS
III. Escribir 10 oraciones utilizando los conectores vistos.
RESPUESTAS
1. I like this restaurant but I do not come to eat here because it is too expensive.
2. I love going to beach, but I hate when weather gets too hot.
3. Laura could not sleep because of the noise her neighbors did.
4. My mom cooks as a chef. Her food is the best!
5. My brother is not as good at singing as I am, but he is a really good writer.
6. It was raining. We went to the stadium, though.
7. I lost my cell phone; therefore I could not call her last night.
8. If my mom gives money, I will go to the movies with my friends.
9. My daughter is smart and beautiful.
10. Jimin is not only smart but also pretty.