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Glosario Finanzas
Glosario Finanzas
• Devaluation: it is the loss of the nominal value of a current currency against other
foreign currencies. This devaluation of a currency can have many causes, including a
lack of demand for local currency or a higher demand for foreign currency.
• External balance: for an open economy, it would be associated with a certain level of
accumulation of international reserves or a balance of payments equal to zero.
• Internal balance: refers to full employment and price stability, while the external
balance is linked to balance in the balance of payments.
• Disruptive speculation: When the exchange rate rises, speculators buy the
currency, thereby pushing its price higher. When the exchange rate falls, speculators
sell the currency and drive its price down. The destabilizing speculation increases
changes in exchange rates.
• Importation of inflation: The increase in prices of goods and services may be linked
to the impacts that are generated in local inflation, as a result of a change in foreign
inflation; This phenomenon is known as imported inflation and is considered one of the
causes of financial instability in small and open economies.
• Adjustment mechanism: It is the use of mechanisms by the economic authorities of
a country, normally the central banks, with the aim of reducing the imbalances that may
exist in certain magnitudes
• Rules of the game: they are exactly the opposite of sterilization, which consists of
applying measures that counteract changes in the monetary base, caused by external
imbalances.
• Seigniorage: it goes back to the benefit received by the authority of the mints for
minting a piece whose intrinsic value was less than nominal. At present the concept is
essentially the same but applied to paper money: leaving aside the low cost of printing
it, seigniorage is understood to mean the fact that the right to "produce" money can
constitute for the issuer -Central Banks or issuing bodies - a source of income
• Bretton Woods System: these are all the resolutions of the United Nations monetary
and financial conference, held in the town of Bretton Woods (New Hampshire, United
States), between July 1 and 22, 1944, which established the global economic policies
that were in effect until the early 1970s.
• International monetary system: is the set of institutions, norms and agreements that
regulate international commercial and financial activity between countries.
• European terms: European terms are an alternative to American terms for currency
trading. In European terms, pricing the amount of a specific currency for one US dollar
has been a market practice for most of the last 60 years or more.
• Fixed exchange rate: it is the exchange rate of a monetary unit whose value is
adjusted according to the value of another reference currency, a basket of currencies
or a measure of value, such as gold.