Cuaderno Nº 2 de Actividades

sobre
Lecciones
de
Semiología Básica
(Elaborado según el programa vigente
de la Escuela de Medicina y de la Escuela de Bioanálisis de la Universidad del Zulia)

Dr. Montiel Ciro

Dra. Aponte Violeta

Dra. Montiel Mariel

Edición – Año 2.019

1
 Unidad III.-
Estudio Semiológico del Tórax y del Abdomen.

Tema No. 6: Estudio semiológico del Abdomen.

Estudio Semiológico del Abdomen

1.- ¿Cómo se divide topográficamente el abdomen?

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2.- ¿Cómo es el dolor producido por una úlcera péptica (gástrica o duodenal)?
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3.- ¿Cómo es el dolor producido por litiasis vesicular: (cólico biliar)?
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4.- ¿Cómo es el dolor producido por la litiasis renal: (cólico renoureteral)?

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5.- ¿Cómo es el dolor de la pancreatitis aguda?

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6.- ¿Cómo es el dolor en la apendicitis aguda?
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7.- ¿A cuál Síndrome de Abdomen Agudo Quirúrgico pertenece la Apendicitis

Aguda?
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8.- ¿Cuáles son las fases evolutivas de la Apendicitis Aguda?

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9.- ¿Cómo se realiza el tacto rectal y para que se practica? (¿Qué se espera
encontrar?)
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10.- ¿Qué sugiere el dolor de rebote en la Apendicitis Aguda?

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11.- ¿Qué significa el Signo Rovsing positivo?
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12.- ¿Cómo se evalúa la sensibilidad abdominal en la Apendicitis Aguda?

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13.- ¿Qué es el signo psoas positivo?

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14.- ¿Qué es el signo obturador positivo?
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15.- ¿Cómo es el dolor del cólico intestinal?

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16.- ¿Qué es Disfagia?

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17.- ¿Qué es Odinofagia?
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18.- ¿Qué se entiende por Nauseas?

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19.- ¿Qué se entiende por Vómitos?

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20.- ¿Qué se entiende por Regurgitación?
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21.- ¿Qué se entiende por Eructos?

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22.- ¿Qué se entiende por Pirosis?

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23.- ¿Qué se entiende por Hematemesis?

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24.- ¿Qué se entiende por Aerofagia?
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25.- ¿Qué es el Hipo?

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26.- ¿Qué es Epigastralgia?

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27.- ¿Qué se entiende por Plenitud gástrica?

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28.- ¿Qué es Halitosis?
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29.- ¿Qué es Melena?

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30.- ¿Qué es Diarrea?

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31.- ¿Mencione cinco causas aumento de la motilidad intestinal?

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32.- ¿Qué es el Síndrome disentérico?
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33.- ¿Qué es el Síndrome disenteriforme?

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34.- ¿Qué es Constispación (o Estreñimiento)?

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35.- ¿Qué es Enterorragia?

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36.- ¿Qué es Melena?
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37.- ¿Qué es Tenesmo?

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38.- ¿Qué es Pujo?

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39.- ¿Qué es el Prurito Anal?

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40.- ¿Qué es la Incontinencia fecal?
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41.- ¿Qué es Flatulencia?

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42.- ¿Cuáles son las tres formas de presentarse la Hemorragia Gastrointestinal?

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43.- ¿Qué es Hematemesis?

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44.- ¿Qué es Melena?
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45.- ¿Qué es Enterorragia?

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46.- ¿Mencione cinco causas de Enterorragia?

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47.- ¿Qué son Escíbalos?

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48.- ¿Qué son heces acólicas?
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49.- ¿Explique una maniobra para diferenciar una masa tumoral intraabdominal de
una masa tumoral en la pared abdominal?
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50.- ¿Qué es la Hernia de incisión?

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51.- ¿Qué es la Diastasis de los rectos?

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52.- ¿Qué es la Hernia de la línea blanca o de la línea alba?
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53.- ¿Explique en qué consiste el Abdomen protuberante por acúmulo de grasa?

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54.- ¿Explique en qué consiste el Abdomen protuberante por acúmulo de gas?

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55.- ¿Explique en qué consiste el Abdomen protuberante por tumoración?

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56.- ¿Explique en qué consiste el Abdomen protuberante por acúmulo de gas?
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57.- ¿Explique en qué consiste el Abdomen protuberante por embarazo?

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58.- ¿Explique en qué consiste el Abdomen protuberante por líquido ascítico?

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59.- ¿Cuándo se acepta que los ruidos intestinales son normales en frecuencia?
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60.- ¿En el examen del Hígado cómo por determinamos el borde inferior del hígado?
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61.- ¿En el examen del Hígado cómo por determinamos el borde superior del
hígado?
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62.- ¿Cómo se investiga la sensibilidad hepática?

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63.- ¿Cuál es la altura normal del Hígado en la línea media clavicular derecha?
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64.- ¿Cuál es la altura normal del Hígado en la línea media esternal?
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65.- ¿Cuándo aumenta el área de matidez hepática?

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66.- ¿Cómo se realiza el examen del Bazo?

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67.- ¿Diga cuál es la escala de clasificación de la Esplenomegalía?
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68.- ¿Cómo se examina el Riñón derecho?

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69.- ¿Cómo se examina el Riñón izquierdo?

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70.- ¿Si el riñón es palpable qué se debe describir?
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71.- ¿Cómo se explora la sensibilidad del riñón?

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72.- ¿Explique cómo se examinan las pulsaciones aórtica en el abdomen?

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73.- ¿Mencione los cinco Síndromes del Abdomen Agudo Quirúrgico?
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 Unidad IV.-
Estudio Semiológico de las Extremidades.

Tema No. 7: Estudio Semiológico de las Extremidades Superiores.

Estudio Semiológico de las Extremidades.

74.- ¿Mencione algunos de los síntomas referidos por los pacientes en relación a las
extremidades?
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75.- ¿Qué se busca con la Inspección (apreciaciones visuales como fracturas o

deformidades) y con la Palpación en las extremidades?
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76.- ¿Qué se busca con la Auscultación en las extremidades?
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77.- ¿Qué se busca con la Percusión (áreas dolorosas y reflejos ósteo-tendinosos) en las
extremidades?
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78.- ¿Qué se entiende por fractura?

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79.- ¿Cómo se clasifican las fracturas según los tipos de fracturas?
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80.- ¿Cómo se clasifican las fracturas según el número de trazos de fracturas?

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81.- ¿Cómo se clasifican las fracturas según el foco de fractura este expuesto o no al
medio ambiente?
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82.- ¿Cómo se clasifican las fracturas según haya o no comprometimiento de una
arteria importante?
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83.- ¿Qué se entiende por Fractura Simple?

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84.- ¿Qué se entiende por Fractura Múltiple?

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85.- ¿Qué se entiende por Fractura Conminuta?

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86.- ¿Qué se entiende por Fracturas Cerradas?
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87.- ¿Qué se entiende por Fracturas Abiertas?

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88.- ¿Qué se entiende por Fracturas Complicadas?

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89.- ¿Qué se entiende por Fractura en tallo verde?

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90.- ¿Cuál es el signo semiológico que describe o caracteriza a una fractura?

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 Tema No. 7: Estudio Semiológico de las Extremidades Superiores.

Estudio Semiológico de las Extremidades Superiores

91.- ¿Cuáles son los signos semiológicos más importantes que se suceden en la
articulación del hombro?
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92.- ¿Qué se entiende por el Signo de la Charretera?

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93.- ¿Qué se entiende por el Signo de la Tecla del Piano?

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94.- ¿Qué es el Codo en Varo?
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95.- ¿Qué es el Codo en Valgo?

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96.- ¿Qué es la Fractura en dorso de Tenedor?

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97.- ¿En qué consiste la Mano en Pinza de Langosta?
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98.- ¿En qué consiste la Aracnodactilia?

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99.- ¿En qué consiste la Braquidactilia?

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100.- ¿Qué es la Sindactilia?
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101.- ¿Qué es la Adactilia?

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102.- ¿Qué es la Polidactilia y cuántos tipos de Polidactilia hay?

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103.- ¿En qué consiste la polidactilia propiamente dicha?

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104.- ¿En qué consiste la duplicidad del pulgar?
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105.- ¿Qué son las Manos palmeadas o manos palmípedas?

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 Tema No. 8: Estudio Semiológico de las Extremidades Inferiores.

Estudio Semiológico de las Extremidades Inferiores

106.- ¿Mencione algunas alteraciones a nivel de la Articulación de la Rodilla?

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107.- ¿En qué consiste el Genuvarum o Genuvaro?

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108.- ¿En qué consiste el Genuvalgo?

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109.- ¿En qué consiste el Genuflexum o en Antecurvatum?
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110.- ¿Mencione cinco alteraciones del pie?

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111.- ¿En qué consiste el Pie en Varo?

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112.- ¿En qué consiste el Pie en Valgo?
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113.- ¿En qué consiste el Pie Equino?

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114.- ¿En qué consiste el Pie Talus?

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115.- ¿En qué consiste el Pie Aducto?

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116.- ¿En qué consiste el Pie Equino Varo Aducto?
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117.- ¿En qué consiste el Pie Plano?

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118.- ¿En qué consiste el Pie en Mecedora?

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119.- ¿Qué se entiende por Sirenomelia?

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120.- ¿Qué se entiende por Focomelia?
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 Unidad V.-
Estudio Semiológico del Aparato Genital Masculino y Femenino.

Tema No. 9: Estudio Semiológico del Aparato Genital Masculino.

Estudio Semiológico del Aparato Genital Masculino.

121.- ¿Qué se entiende por Hernia?

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122.- ¿En la Inspección, para qué se examinan cuidadosamente las áreas inguinal y
crural?
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123.- ¿Cómo se realiza la Palpación de las áreas inguinal y crural?
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124.- ¿Cuándo una hernia inguinal o crural están estranguladas?

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_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

125.- ¿Cómo puede ser la hernia Inguinal?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

40
126.- ¿Cómo se diferencia la Hernia Inguinal Indirecta de la Hernia Inguinal Directa
y de la Hernia Crural?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

127.- ¿Qué es la Hipospadia?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

128.- ¿Qué es la Epispadia?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

41
129.- ¿Cómo se presenta el chancro sifilítico?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

130.- ¿Cómo se presenta el Carcinoma del pene?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

131.- ¿Qué es la Verruga Venérea y cómo se presenta (Condiloma Acuminado)?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

132.- ¿Qué es la Enfermedad de Peyronie?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

42
133.- ¿Qué es el Hidrocele?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

134.- ¿Qué es la Hernia Escrotal?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

135.- ¿Cómo se presenta el Tumor Testicular?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

136.- ¿Qué es el Espermatocele o Quiste del epidídimo?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

43
137.- ¿Qué es la Epididimitis?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

138.- ¿Qué es la Epididimitis Tuberculosa?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

44
 Tema No. 10: Estudio Semiológico del Aparato Genital Femenino.

Estudio Semiológico del Aparato Genital Femenino

139.- ¿Qué se debe revisar en el Estudio Semiológico del Aparato Genital Femenino?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

140.- ¿Cuál debe ser la posición de la Paciente al ser examinada?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

141.- ¿Qué debe hacer el examinador o el médico si encuentra lesiones tales como
inflamación, ulceración, secreción, hinchazón o nódulos?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

45
142.- ¿Qué sugieren las maculo pápulas rojas pruriginosas y pequeñas en el pubis?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

143.- ¿Cuándo el Clítoris está agrandado de tamaño?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

144.- ¿Qué se debe revisar si hay antecedente de inflamación en los labios?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

145.- ¿Qué se debe hacer si hay secreción?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

146.- ¿Cómo se valora el soporte de la salida vaginal?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

46
147.- ¿Cómo se examina la vagina y cuello uterino?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

148.- ¿Qué color presenta el cuello uterino en el embarazo?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

149.- ¿Cómo se realiza el examen de la Vagina?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

47
150.- ¿Cómo se realiza un examen bimanual de los genitales femeninos?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

151.- ¿Qué son los Miomas del Útero?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

152.- ¿Qué ocasiona el Prolapso del útero?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

48
153.- ¿Cuáles son los grados del prolapso el cuello uterino?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

154.- ¿Qué es la Retroversión del Útero?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

155.- ¿Qué es la Retroflexión del útero?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

156.- ¿Qué se entiende por Versión Uterina?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

49
157.- ¿Qué se entiende por Flexión Uterina?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

158.- ¿Qué se entiende por Cistocele?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

159.- ¿Qué se entiende por Rectocele?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

160.- ¿Explique la Inflamación de la Glándula de Bartholin?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

50
161.- ¿Qué es la Carúncula Uretral?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

162.- ¿Qué son los Quistes Sebáceos?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

163.- ¿Qué es la Verruga Venérea (Condiloma acuminado)?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

51
164.- ¿Cómo se presenta la Sífilis Secundaria (condiloma plano)?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

165.- ¿Qué es el Chancro Sifilítico?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

166.- ¿Cómo es la Infección por Herpes?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

52
167.- ¿Cómo se presenta el Carcinoma de la vulva?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

168.- ¿Cómo es el Cuello nulíparo normal?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

169.- ¿Cómo es el Cuello de mujer parida normal?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

53
170.- ¿Cómo pueden ser los Desgarros del cuello?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

171.- ¿Qué es el Ectropión (Erosión)?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

172.- ¿Qué son los Quistes de Naboth o por retención?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

54
173.- ¿Qué son los Pólipos cervicales y qué aspecto tienen?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

174.- ¿Cómo se presenta el Carcinoma del cuello uterino?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

175.- ¿Cómo es la secreción en la Vaginitis por Tricomonas?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

55
176.- ¿Cómo es la secreción en la Moniliasis vaginal (Candidiasis)?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

177.- ¿Cómo es la secreción en la Gonorrea Temprana?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

178.- ¿Cómo es la secreción en la Vaginitis senil?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

56
179.- ¿Cuáles son los cambios en el embarazo desde el último periodo menstrual
hasta la sexta semana?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

180.- ¿Cuáles son los cambios en el embarazo en el segundo mes?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

181.- ¿Cuáles son los cambios en el embarazo del tercero al noveno mes?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

57
182.- ¿Cuáles son los cambios en el embarazo del tercero al noveno mes?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

183.- ¿Cuáles son los cambios en el embarazo al quinto mes?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

184.- ¿Cómo son los Quistes y Tumores Ováricos?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

58
185.- ¿Cómo se presenta la Enfermedad Pélvica inflamatoria?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

186.- ¿Cómo se presenta la Ruptura del embarazo ectópico tubárico?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

59
 Unidad VI.-
Estudio Semiológico del Sistema Nervioso.

Tema No. 11: Estudio Semiológico del Sistema Nervioso.

Estudio Semiológico del Sistema Nervioso.

187.- ¿En el estudio semiológico del Sistema nervioso, cuándo se interroga sobre los
Antecedentes, qué se debe preguntar?(¿cuál producto es el paciente, si fue a término,
si el parto fue eutócico, si el paciente presentó convulsiones?, también se debe
interrogar cómo fueron las fases del desarrollo psicomotor, etc.)
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

188.- ¿Cuáles son las funciones más sobresalientes de los nervios craneales?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

60
189.- ¿Cuáles son las cinco categorías en qué se debe organizar el examen del sistema
nervioso? (1.- Estado Mental y Lenguaje, 2.- Nervios craneales, 3.- Sistema Motor,
4.- Sistema Sensitivo, 5.- Reflejos.)
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

190.- ¿Qué información deben proporcionar las preguntas en cuanto al Estado

Mental y Lenguaje?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

191.- ¿Cómo se examina el Primer Nervio Craneal u Olfatorio?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

61
192.- ¿Cómo se examina el Segundo Nervio Craneal u Óptico?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

193.- ¿Cómo se examinan el Tercero, Cuarto y Sexto Nervios craneales (Motor

Ocular Común, Patético y Motor Ocular Externo)?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

62
194.- ¿Cómo se examina el Quinto Nervio Craneal o Trigémino?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

195.- ¿Cómo se examina el Séptimo nervio Craneal o facial?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

63
196.- ¿Cómo se examina el Octavo Nervio Craneal o Estato-Acustico?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

197.- ¿Cómo se examinan el Noveno y Décimo nervios craneales (Glosofaríngeo y

Vago)?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

64
198.- ¿Cómo se examina el Décimo Primer Nervio craneal o Espinal?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

199.- ¿Cómo se examina el Décimo Segundo Nervio Craneal o Hipogloso?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

65
200.- ¿Cuáles son los Métodos de selección para explorar el Sistema Motor
(incluyendo la marcha)?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

201.- ¿Explique en qué consiste La Prueba de Romberg?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

66
202.- ¿Explique la Parálisis de Neurona Motora Inferior del facial o Parálisis de
Bell?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

203.- ¿De la Hemiparesia Espástica explique: La marcha y defecto subyacente y

descripción?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

67
204.- ¿De la Marcha en Tijera explique: La Marcha y defecto subyacente y
descripción?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

205.- ¿De el Estepaje explique: La Marcha y defecto subyacente y descripción?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

68
206.- ¿De la Ataxia Sensitiva explique: La Marcha y defecto subyacente y
descripción?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

207.- ¿De la Ataxia Cerebelosa explique: La Marcha y defecto subyacente y

descripción?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

69
208.- ¿De la Marcha Parkinsoniana explique: La Marcha y defecto subyacente y
descripción?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

209.- ¿Mencione las Anomalías del Lenguaje? (Afasia o Disfasia, Disartria, Lenguaje
confuso, Disartria Cerebelosa; Afonía o Disfonía, Parálisis Palatina y
Parkinsonismo)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

210.- ¿Mencione las Anomalías de la Conciencia? (Confusión, Estupor, Coma,

Delirio)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

70
211.- ¿Qué se entiende por nistagmo?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

212.- ¿Cuáles son los tipos de nistagmo?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

213.- ¿Qué se entiende por nistagmo a la izquierda?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

214.- ¿Qué se entiende por nistagmo a la derecha?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

71
215.- ¿Qué se entiende por nistagmo horizontal?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

216.- ¿Qué se entiende por nistagmo vertical?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

217.- ¿Qué se entiende por nistagmo rotatorio?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

218.- ¿Mencione las Anomalías del Movimiento? (Fasciculaciones, Temblores, Tics.

Corea, Atetosis y Mioclono)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

72
219.- ¿Qué son Fasciculaciones?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

220.- ¿Qué son Temblores?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

221.- ¿Qué son Tics?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

73
222.- ¿Qué se entiende por Corea?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

223.- ¿Qué se entiende por Atetosis?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

224.- ¿Qué se entiende por Mioclono?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

74
225.- ¿Qué se entiende por Grafiestesia?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

226.- ¿Qué se entiende por Agrafiestesia?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

227.- ¿Qué se entiende por Baroestesia?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

75
228.- ¿Qué se entiende por Abaroestesia?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

229.- ¿Qué se entiende por Estereognosia?:

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

230.- ¿Qué se entiende por Aestereognosia?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

76
231.- ¿En qué consiste el Tacto Epicrítico?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

232.- ¿Qué es Prosopagnosia?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

233.- ¿Qué es Tritanopia (Ázul)?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

77
238.- ¿Qué es Protanopia (Rojo)?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

239.- ¿Qué es Deuteranopia (Verde)?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

240.- ¿Qué se entiende por Hipermetropía?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

78
241.- ¿Qué se entiende por Miopía?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

242.- ¿Qué se entiende por Emetropia?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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243.- ¿Qué se entiende por Astigmatismo?

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244.- ¿Qué es Hemeralopia?
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245.- ¿Qué es Nictalopía?

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246.- ¿Cuáles son los trastornos de la audición?

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247.- ¿Qué se entiende por Hipoacusia?
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248.- ¿Qué se entiende por Acusia?

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249.- ¿Qué se entiende por Hiperacusia?

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250.- ¿Cuáles son los trastornos del olfato?
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251.- ¿Qué es Hipososmia?

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252.- ¿Qué es Anosmia?

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253.- ¿Qué es Hiperosmia?
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254.- ¿Qué es Parosmia?

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255.- ¿Cuáles son los trastornos del gusto?

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256.- ¿Qué es Hipogeusia?
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257.- ¿Qué es Ageusia?

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278.- ¿Qué es Hipergeusia?

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279.- ¿Qué es Parageusia?
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280.- ¿Qué es Leptogeusia?

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281.- ¿Qué es Monogeusia?

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282.- ¿Cuáles son las posturas anormales en el paciente comatoso?
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283.- ¿En qué consiste la postura anormal de la Hemiplejia (Temprana)?

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284.- ¿En qué consiste la postura anormal de la Rigidez de Decorticación?
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285.- ¿En qué consiste la postura anormal de la Rigidez de descerebración?

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286.- ¿Elabore un cuadro resumen de exploración física neurológica? (Pares
Craneales, Sensibilidad, Motilidad, Reflejos Miotáticos u osteo tendinosos).
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88