Puesta a tierra del neutro en bajo voltaje

norma IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (part1)

Sector Energy PTI NC

Theodor Connor

Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Tipos de sistema de distribución
Las siguientes características del sistema de
distribución se evalúan:
• Tipos de sistema de conductores vivos;
• Tipos de puesta a tierra del sistema.
Tipos de sistema de conductores vivos
• Sistemas de CA Sistemas de CD
• Una fase 2-hilos 2-hilos
• Una fase 3-hilos 3-hilos
• Dos fases 3-hilos
• Dos fases 5-hilos
• Tres fases 3-hilos
• Tres fases 4-hilos
Principio de puesta a tierra del
neutro
Tipos de puesta a tierra del sistema
Tipos de puesta a tierra del sistema (Fault Protection)
de acuerdo con la norma IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (part1)

La puesta a tierra es una parte

Fuente esencial de la protección contra fallas

(Protección contra contacto indirecto)

L1
L2
L3
Partes conductoras expuestas
N de la instalación

Instalación

Tierra

For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 2 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

 IEE Regulations Designations
• T - terre (French for earth) and meaning a
direct connection to earth (terra)
• I - isolated (aislado)
• N - neutral (Neutro)
• C - combined (combinado)
• S - separate (separado).

Terra (tierra), nombre latino de Gea, deidad griega de la feminidad y la fecundidad

Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (part2)

Los tipos de puesta a tierra del sistema se definen mediante la relación del sistema de potencia y de
Las partes conductoras expuestas a tierra.

La primera letra muestra la relación del sistema de potencia a la tierra (alimentación).

T: Conexión direscta de un punto a la tierra
I: Todas las partes vivas aisladas de la tierra

La segunda letra muestra la relación de las partes conductoras expuestas a tierra

T: Conexión eléctrica directa de las partes conductoras expuestas de la instalación a
tierra, independientemente de la puesta a tierra de cualquier punto del sistema de potencia
N: Conexión eléctrica directa de las partes conductoras expuestas al punto puesto a tierra
del sistema de potencia (generalmente el neutro).
Las letras subsecuentes, si es que hay, muestran el arreglo del neutro y del conductor
de protección: S: Conductores neutro y de protección separados (5 hilos); C: Funciones
neutro y protección combinadas en un solo conductor (4 hilos)
For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 3 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

Sistemas de bajo voltaje

TN-S

IT

L1

L2

L3

Impedance1)

PE

Exposed conductive part

Earthing of system

Definitions according IEC 60364-3

TT
For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
Page 4 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI
 Sistema TN-S (Terra Neutro - separado)

TN-S system: in which throughout the system, a separate protective conductor is used
 Cable con cubierta de plomo

Cubierta del cable

Sistema TN-S con alimentación
Por cable subterráneo
Sistema TN-S con alimentación
por cable subterráneo
 Sistema TT (Terra Terra)

The TT power system has one point directly earthed, the exposed-conductive-
parts of the installation being connected to earth electrodes electrically
independent of the earth electrodes of the power system
Sistema TT
Sistema T-T

It is the Electricity
Boards
responsibility to
provide a TN-C-S
or a TN-S supply,
if requested and
available, it is not
their
responsibility to
provide a TT
earthing
arrangement.
 Sistema IT

The IT power system has all live parts isolated from earth or one point connected
to earth through an impedance, the exposed-conductive-parts of the electrical
installation being earthed independently or collectively or to the earthing of the
system
Sistemas de bajo voltaje

Los conductores neutro y de protección (PE) separados

en todo el sistema interconectado de bajo voltaje

TN-S

TN-C-S-

Los conductores PE y N combinados

en la parte de alimentación del sistema de bajo voltaje

For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 5 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

 Sistema TN-C

TN-C system: in which neutral and protective functions are combined in a

single conductor throughout the system (PEN conductor)
Sistema TN-C
 PEN conductor

• By Hans De Keulenaer / Published on Thu,

2006-11-16 11:43
• Conductor combining the functions of both a
protective earthing conductor and a neutral
conductor.
1 kV EMC power cable with PVC-insulated copper conductor
MCCMK 4-core
TN-S system: in which throughout the system, a separate protective
conductor is used
Sistema TN-S
TN-C-S system: in which neutral and protective functions are combined in a
single conductor in a part of the system
Sistema TN-C-S
Sistema TN-C-S

In order for the Electricity

Board to provide a TN-C-
S supply, they have to
construct their network to
the standards of PME
(protective multiple
earthing), this is why a
TN-C-S system is often
referred to as a PME
installation
Principios de puesta a tierra del
neutro
Flujos de carga
 Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)

Three phase load

: Load current
Source

PE

Installation

Exposed conductive
parts of installation

For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 6 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

 Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)

Single phase load

: Load current
Source

PE

Installation

Exposed conductive
parts of installation

For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 7 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

Principios de puesta a tierra del
neutro
Condiciones de falla
 Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)

Single phase short circuit

: Fault current
Source

PE

Installation

Exposed conductive
parts of installation

For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 8 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

 Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-C-S System)

Single phase short circuit

: Fault current
Source

Exposed conductive
parts of installation

For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 9 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TT System)

: Fault current
Source

Exposed conductive
parts of installation
Local earth

For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 10 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (IT System)

: Fault current
Source

Exposed conductive
parts of installation
Local earth

For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 11 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

Low voltage supply by TN-C

PEN
L1
Socket

I L1
I N

Screen

Tokenring
Socket

I PEN

IL1 = phase current

IN = neutral conductor current
Transformer
IPEN = PEN conductor current

Structure of building,
pipe
For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 12 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

Low voltage supply by TN-C

PEN L1
Socket

On
I L1
I N

Istray

Screen
I L1
Istray
Tokenring
Socket

Istru
>0
U

Istray

IPEN I L1

IL1 = phase current

IN = neutral conductor current
Transformer
Istru = part returning via structure

IStray= stray current via communication cable

U = voltage drop
Structure of building,
pipe
For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 13 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI

Low voltage supply by TN-S

PEN L1
Socket

On
I N I L1

Screen

Tokenring
Socket

=0
U

IPEN
IL1 = phase current
IN = neutral conductor current
Transformer
U = voltage drop

Structure of building,
pipe
For internal use only. / Copyright © Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 14 01.2008 Th. Connor PTD SE PTI