Informe Global

de Riesgos 2020
Resumen Ejecutivo

Insight Report 15ª Edición

En colaboración con Marsh & McLennan y Zurich Insurance Group
Executive Summary
Resumen Ejecutivo
El mundo
The no puede
world cannot waitesperar
for the afog
queof la confu- cándose enthe
increasing 2019,
risk aumentando
of economicelstagnation.
riesgo de
sión de la incertidumbre
geopolitical and geo-economicgeopolítica y geoeco-
uncertainty estancamiento
Low trade barriers, económico. La limitación
fiscal prudence and en
nómica
to termine.
lift. Opting Optar
to ride outpor
thesuperar
currentelperiod
periodo barrerasglobal
strong comerciales, la prudenciaseen
investment—once fiscalasy la
actual con la esperanza de
in the hope that the global system will que el sistema inversión mundial
fundamentals forsólida,
economicque se consideraban
growth—are
global se “recupere”, corre el riesgo de perder fundamentales para el crecimiento económi-
“snap back” runs the risk of missing crucial fraying as leaders advance nationalist
oportunidades decisivas para abordar los co, se están debilitando a medida que los
windows
desafíos más to address
urgentes.pressing challenges.
En cuestiones clave policies. The margins
líderes avanzan for monetary
en sus políticas and
nacionalistas.
On key issues such as the
como la economía, el medio ambiente,economy, the la fiscal stimuli are also narrower
Los márgenes de los estímulos monetarios y than
environment,
tecnología y technology
la sanidad and publiclashealth,
pública, partes before
fiscales the 2008–2009
también son más financial crisis, que
estrechos
stakeholders
interesadas deben encontrar laactmanera
must find ways to quicklyde creating uncertainty about how
antes de la crisis financiera de 2008-2009, well lo
and
actuar with purpose within
rápidamente y conan determinación
unsettled global en countercyclical
que crea incertidumbre policies sobre
will work. A
la eficacia de
un panorama
landscape. Thismundial inestable.
is the context Este the
in which es el las políticas anticíclicas.
challenging economic climate Un climamay económico
contexto
World en el queForum
Economic el Foropublishes
Económico theMundial
15th desafiante
persist thispodría
year: persistir
according estetoaño: según la
the Global

Explore the Global Risks 2020 at a glance

publica of
edition la the
15ª Global
ediciónRisks
del Informe
Report.de Riesgos Encuesta
Risks de Percepción
Perception Survey,de RiesgosofGloba-
members the
Globales. les, los miembros community
multistakeholder de la comunidad de múlti-
see “economic
ples partes interesadas consideran que las
An unsettled world confrontations” and “domestic
“confrontaciones económicas” y la “polariza-
political
Un mundo
Powerful inestable
economic, demographic and
polarization” as the top risks in 2020.
ción política interna” son los principales
technological forces are
Fuerzas económicas, shaping a ynew
demográficas tecnoló- riesgos en 2020.
Amid this darkening economic outlook,
balance of power.
gicas potentes están The resultforma
dando is anaunsettled
un equili- citizens’ discontent
brio nuevo de
geopolitical poder. El resultado
landscape—one es un pano-
in which En medio de estehas hardenedeconómico
panorama with
systems that have failed to promote
desfavorable, el descontentode los ciudada-
rama geopolítico
states are increasingly inestable,
viewing enopportunities
el que los
advancement.
nos se ha endurecidoDisapproval con of how que no
sistemas
estados
and están viendo
challenges through cada vez máslenses.
unilateral oportuni-
dades y desafíos a través de objetivos unilate- governments are addressing
han logrado promover profound
el avance. La falta de
What were once givens regarding alliance aprobaciónand
economic de la forma
social en que
issues haslos gobiernos
sparked
structures and multilateral systems no con
rales. Lo que antes se daba en relación
están abordando
protests throughout cuestiones
the world,económicas
potentially y
las estructuras de las alianzas y los sistemas
longer hold as states question the value sociales complejas
weakening the ability ha ofsuscitado
governments protestas
to en
multilaterales ya no tiene validez, ya que los
of long-standing
Estados cuestionan frameworks,
el valor deadopt
los marcosle- take decisive action should a downturncapa-
todo el mundo, lo que podría debilitar la
more nationalist postures
galesa largo plazo, adoptan in pursuit
posturas más cidad de
occur. los gobiernos
Without economic para adoptar
and socialmedidas
of individual agendas
nacionalistas and weighde
en la búsqueda theagendas decisivas en caso de que se produzca una
stability, countries could lack the financial
potential geopolitical
individuales, y sopesan consequences
las posibles of conse- recesión. Sin estabilidad económica y social,
resources,
los países fiscal
podrían margin,
carecer political
de los capital
recursos
economic decoupling. del desacoplamiento
cuencias geopolíticas or social support needed to confront key
económico. Más allá del riesgo de conflicto, si financieros, el margen fiscal, el capital político
global risks.
o el apoyo social necesarios para hacer frente
las partes
Beyond theinteresadas
risk of conflict,se ifconcentran
stakeholders en la
ventaja geoestratégica inmediata y no logran a los riesgos globales clave.
concentrate on immediate geostrategic
concebir o and
advantage adaptar losreimagine
fail to mecanismos de coor-
or adapt Climate threats and
mechanisms for coordination during this las
dinación durante este periodo inestable, Amenazas climáticas
accelerated y pérdida
biodiversity loss
oportunidades deopportunities
acción sobreforlasactionpriorida-
unsettled period,
des clave podrían desaparecer. acelerada de la biodiversidad
Climate change is striking harder and
on key priorities may slip away. more rapidlyclimático
than many expected. The más
El cambio está golpeando
Riesgos para la estabilidad fuerte
last fivey más
yearsrápidamente
are on trackdeto lobeque
themuchos
Risks to economic stability esperaban.
warmest onLos últimos
record, cinco
natural años avanzan
disasters are
económica y la cohesión social hacia una more temperatura
intensemás
and elevada que la
and social cohesion becoming
registrada, las witnessed
more frequent,
catástrofesunprecedented
naturales son cada
En ediciones anteriores recientes del Informe, and last year
Recent editions
ya se advirtió de of
la the Global
presión a laRisks Report
baja sobre la vez más intensas y frecuentes,
extreme weather throughout the world. y el año
warned of downward pressure on the
economía mundial a causa de las vulnerabili- pasado se registraron fenómenos meteoroló-
Alarmingly, global temperatures are on
global
dades economy from macroeconomic
macroeconómicas y la desigualdad gicos extremos sin precedentes en todo el
track
mundo. to increase
Es alarmanteby at que
leastlas
3°C towards
temperaturas
fragilities
financiera.and financial
Estas inequality.
presiones siguieronThese
intensifi- the end of the century—twice what climate
pressures continued to intensify in 2019, globales aumenten por lo menos en 3°C
 experts
hacia el have warned is
final desiglo, el the limitdetoloavoid
doble que los access
acceso todesigual
the internet, the lacklaoffalta
a Internet, a global
de un
expertos
the most en climaeconomic,
severe han advertidosociales andel límite marco legal governance
technology de gobernanza para la tecnología
framework and
para evitar lasconsequences.
environmental consecuencias The económicas,
near- global insecurity
cyber y la inseguridad
all pose cibernética
significantsuponen
risk. un
socialesy ambientales
term impacts of climate change addmás graves. Losup impac-
to riesgo significativo. La incertidumbre
Geopolitical and geo-economic uncertainty— geopolíti-
tos a corto plazo del cambio
a planetary emergency that will include loss climático se ca y geoeconómica, incluida la
including the possibility of fragmented posibilidad de
suman a una emergencia a
of life, social and geopolitical tensions and nivel planetario que el ciberespacio esté
cyberspace—also threaten to prevent the fragmentado,
que incluirá la pérdidade vidas, tensiones también amenaza con impedir que se aprove-
negative economic impacts. full potential of next generation technologies
sociales y geopolíticas e impactos económi- che todo el potencial de las tecnologías de la
cos negativos. from
próximabeinggeneración.
realized. Respondents to our en
Los participantes
For the first time in the history of the Global survey
nuestrarated “information
encuesta infrastructure
calificaron la “ruptura de
Risks
Por primera Perception
vez en Survey, environmental
la historia de la Encuesta breakdown”
infraestructurasas thedesixth most impactful
información” comoriskel
concerns dominate the
de Percepción de Riesgos Globales, top long-term las preo- in the years
sexto riesgountil
de 2030.
mayor impacto en los años
risks by likelihood
cupaciones among
ambientales members
dominan of the
los principa- que faltan hasta 2030.
les
World riesgos a largoForum’s
Economic plazo pormultistakeholder
probabilidadentre
Health systems under
Explore the Global Risks 2020 at a glance

los miembrosthree
community;
partes interesadas
de la of comunidad
the top five de
del Foro Económico
risksmúltiples
by
Mun-
Los sistemas
new pressuressanitarios bajo
impact are also environmental (see Figure I,
dial; Evolving
The tres de los cinco
Risks principales2007–2020).
Landscape riesgos por nuevas
Health presiones
systems around the world are at
impacto of
“Failure son también
climate ambientales
change mitigation (consulte
and la Los ofsistemas
risk becoming sanitarios
unfit for de todo el
purpose. Newmundo
Figura I, The Evolving Risks Landscape corren el riesgo de quedar
adaption” is the number one risk by impact vulnerabilities resulting fromfuera
changingde servicio.
2007-2020). El “fracaso en la mitigación y Las vulnerabilidades nuevas derivadas and de los
and numberaltwo
adaptación by likelihood
cambio climático” overes the next
el riesgo societal, environmental, demographic
10 years, according to our survey. Members cambios en los patrones sociales,
technological patterns threaten to undo the medioam-
número uno por su impacto y el número dos bientales,gains demográficos y prosperity
tecnológicos
of
porthe su Global Shaperslos
probabilidaden Community—the
próximos diez años, dramatic in wellness and
Forum’s younger constituents—show amenazan con deshacer los avances impre-
según nuestra encuesta. Los miembros de la that health systems have supported over the
sionantes en el bienestar y la prosperidad que
even
Comunidad more concern,
de Globalranking
Shapers,environmental
los integrantes last century. sanitarios
Non-communicable diseases—
los sistemas han sustentado duran-
más jóvenes
issues as the topdel risks
Foro,inmuestran
both the short aún más such
te el último siglo. Las enfermedades nomental
as cardiovascular diseases and trans-
preocupación,
and long terms. clasificando las cuestiones illness—have
misibles, como replaced infectious diseases
las enfermedades as
cardiovas-
ambientales como los principales riesgos the leading
culares cause
y las of death, while
enfermedades increases
mentales, han
tantoForum’s
The a corto como a largo plazo.
multistakeholder network in longevityaand
sustituido las the economic and
enfermedades societal
contagiosas
rate “biodiversity loss” as the second most como of
costs principal
managing causa de muerte,
chronic diseasesmientras
haveque
La red de múltiples
impactful and thirdpartes interesadas
most likely risk fordeltheForo el aumento desystems
la longevidad
put healthcare in manyycountries
los costes
califica a la “pérdida de biodiversidad” como el económicos
next decade. The current rate of extinction
segundo riesgo más impactante y el tercero under stress. yProgress
sociales against
de la gestión
pandemicsde lasis
is tens to hundreds enfermedades crónicas han sometido a los
másprobablepara la of times higher
próxima década. than
La the
tasa also being undermined by vaccine hesitancy
sistemas
average over the past 10 million
actual de extinción es una cifra entre decenas years—and and drug sanitarios
resistance,demakingmuchos países a una
it increasingly
gran presión. Los progresos en la lucha contra
yit cientos
is accelerating.
de vecesBiodiversity
mayor queloss has critical
el promedio de difficult to land the final blow against some
las pandemias también se ven socavados por
los últimos 10 millones de años, collapse
implications for humanity, from the y se está of humanity’senbiggest
la indecisión killers. As
la vacunación y laexisting
resistencia a
of food and health
acelerando. La pérdidasystems to the disruption
de biodiversidadtiene health risks resurge and new ones
los medicamentos, lo que hace cadaemerge,
vez más
implicaciones
of entire supplydecisivas
chains. para la humanidad, humanity’s
difícil dar el past
golpesuccesses in overcoming
final a algunos de los mayo-
desde el colapso de los sistemas alimentarios health challenges
res asesinos de la are no guarantee
humanidad. of que
A medida
y sanitarios hasta la interrupción de cadenas
Consequences
de suministro completas.of
future
resurgen results.
los riesgos sanitarios existentes y
surgen otros nuevos, los logros del pasado de
digital fragmentation la humanidad en la superación de los desafíos
Consecuencias
More de lapopulation is
than 50% of the world’s sanitarios no garantizan los resultados futuros.
There is still scope for stakeholders to
fragmentación digital
now online, approximately one million people
address these risks, but the window
go online for their first time each day, and
Más del 50% deglobal
la población mundial of opportunity is closing. Coordinated,
two-thirds of the population own aestá Todavía hay espacio para que las partes
ahora en línea, aproximadamente un millón de multistakeholder
interesadas aborden actionestos
is needed
riesgos, quickly
pero la
mobile device. While digital technology is
personas se conectan en línea por primera vez to mitigate
ventana deagainst
oportunidad the worst outcomes
se está cerrando. Se
bringing
cada día,tremendous
y dos tercioseconomic and mundial
de la población necesita
and builduna acciónacross
resiliency coordinada de múltiples
communities
societal benefits to much of the
poseen un dispositivo móvil. Aunque global
la tecno- partes interesadas para mitigar las peores
and businesses.
population, issues such as unequal
logía digital está aportando enormes benefi- consecuencias y aumentar la capacidad de
cios económicos y sociales a gran parte de la recuperación de las comunidades y las
población mundial, cuestiones como el empresas.
Figure I: The Evolving Risks Landscape, 2007–2020

Top 5 Global Risks in Terms of Likelihood

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Infrastructure Blow up in Asset price Asset price Storms and Income disparity Income disparity Income Interstate Involuntary Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme
breakdown asset prices collapse collapse cyclones disparity conflict migration weather weather weather weather
1st

Chronic Middle East China economic China economic Flooding Fiscal Fiscal Extreme Extreme Extreme Involuntary Natural Climate action Climate action
diseases instability slowdown slowdown imbalances imbalances weather weather weather migration disasters failure failure
2nd

Oil price shock Failed and Chronic Chronic Corruption Greenhouse gas Greenhouse Unemployment Failure of Climate action Natural Cyberattacks Natural Natural
3rd failing states diseases disease emissions gas emissions national failure disasters disasters disasters
governance

China hard Oil price shock Global Fiscal crises Biodiversity loss Cyberattacks Water crises Climate action State collapse Interstate Terrorist Data fraud Data fraud Biodiversity loss
4th landing governance failure or crisis conflict attacks or theft or theft
gaps

Blow up in Chronic Deglobalization Global Climate change Water crises Population Cyberattacks Unemployment Natural Data fraud Climate action Cyberattacks Human-made
asset prices diseases (emerging) governance ageing catastrophes or theft failure environmental
5th gaps disasters

Top 5 Global Risks in Terms of Impact

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Blow up in Blow up in Asset price Asset price Fiscal crises Financial failure Financial failure Fiscal crises Water crises Climate action Weapons of Weapons of Weapons of Climate action
asset prices asset prices collapse collapse failure mass mass mass failure
1st destruction destruction destruction

Deglobalization Deglobalization Deglobalization Deglobalization Climate change Water crises Water crises Climate action Infectious Weapons of Extreme Extreme Climate action Weapons of
(developed) (developed) (developed) failure diseases mass weather weather failure mass
2nd destruction destruction

Interstate China hard Oil and gas Oil price spikes Geopolitical Food crises Fiscal Water crises Weapons of Water crises Water crises Natural Extreme Biodiversity loss
3rd and civil wars landing price spike conflict imbalances mass disasters weather
destruction

Pandemics Oil price shock Chronic Chronic Asset price Fiscal Weapons of Unemployment Interstate Involuntary Natural Climate action Water crises Extreme
diseases disease collapse imbalances mass conflict migration disasters failure weather
4th destruction

Oil price shock Pandemics Fiscal crises Fiscal crises Energy Energy Climate action Infrastructure Climate action Energy price Climate action Water crises Natural Water crises
price volatility price volatility failure breakdown failure shock failure disasters
5th

Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological

Source: World Economic Forum 2007-2020, Global Risks Reports.
Note: Global risks may not be strictly comparable across years, as definitions and the set of global risks have evolved with new issues emerging on the 10-year horizon. For example, cyberattacks, income disparity and unemployment entered the set of global risks in 2012.
Some global risks have been reclassified: water crises and income disparity were recategorized as societal risks in the 2015 and 2014 Global Risks Reports, respectively.
 The Global Risks Landscape 2020
Figure II: The Global Risks Landscape 2020

4.0 Climate action

failure

Weapons of mass
destruction

Biodiversity loss
Extreme weather
Water crises

Information Natural disasters

infrastructure Cyberattacks
breakdown

Infectious diseases Human-made

disasters
environmental disaster

Interstate
Interstate Global governance
Global governance
con ict failure
failure
Food crises
3.5
Financial failure
Financial failure
3.47
average Fiscal crises
Fiscal crises Involuntary migration
Involuntary migration
2.5 Data fraud
Data or theft
fraud or theft
Unemployment
Unemployment Asset
Asset bubbles
bubble
Social
Social instability
instability
Critical
Critical infrastructure
infrastructure National
National
failure
failure governance
governance
failure
failure
State collapse
State collapse
Terrorist
Terrorist attacks
attacks Adverse
Adverse technological
technological
advances
advances

Energy
Energy price
price shock
shock

Unmanageable in ation

3.0
Failure of
urban planning
Impact

Illicit trade
Illicit trade

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

3.31 plotted
average area

Likelihood 5.0

Top 10 risks in terms of Top 10 risks in terms of

1.0 5.0
Likelihood Impact

1 Extreme weather 1 Climate action failure

Categories
2 Climate action failure 2 Weapons of mass destruction
Economic
3 Natural disasters 3 Biodiversity loss

4 Biodiversity loss 4 Extreme weather Environmental

5 Human-made environmental disasters 5 Water crises

6 Data fraud or theft 6 Information infrastructure breakdown Geopolitical

7 Cyberattacks 7 Natural disasters

8 Water crises 8 Cyberattacks

Societal

9 Global governance failure 9 Human-made environmental disasters

Technological
10 Asset bubbles 10 Infectious diseases

Source: World Economic Forum Global Risks Note: Survey respondents were asked to assess the likelihood of the individual global risk on a scale of
Note: Survey respondents were asked to assess the likelihood of the individual global risk on a scale of 1 to 5, 1
Source: World Economic Forum Global
Perception Survey 2019–2020. 1 toRisks
5, 1 representing a risk that is very unlikely to happen and 5 a risk that is very likely to occur. They
representing a risk that is very unlikely to happen and 5 a risk that is very likely to occur. They also assess the impact
Perception Survey 2019–2020. also assessed the impact of each
on each global
globalrisk
risk on
on aascale
scaleof of 1 5to(1:5,minimal
1 to 1 representing a minimal
impact, 2: minor impact,impact and 5impact,
3: moderate a 4: severe impact and
catastrophic impact. To ensure legibility, the
5: catastrophic names
impact). SeeofAppendix
the globalB forrisks
moreare abbreviated;
details. see Appendix
To ensure legibility, the namesAoffor
the global risks are
the full name and description.abbreviated; see Appendix A for the full name and description.
 The GlobalThe GlobalRisks
Shapers Shapers Risks Landscape
Landscape 2020
Figure III: The Global Shapers Risk Landscape 2020 2020

Economic Economic Environmental Environmental

Climate Biodiversity Climate Biodive
action failure loss action failure loss

Extreme Extre
Human-made Human-made
weather weat
environmental environmental
disasters Natural disasters
disasters Natural di

4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Critical Critical
4
Unemployment Unemployment
Financial infra- Financial infra-
failure structure failure structure
Unmanageable
failure Fiscal crises failure
Unmanageable Fiscal crises
Asset bubbles Asset bubbles

3.5 3.5 Energy price shock Energy price shock3.5 3.5

Illicit trade Illicit trade

3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Impact
Impact

2.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0
Likelihood Likelihood

Geopolitical Geopolitical Societal Societal

Water crises Water crises
Weapons of Weapons of
mass destruction mass destruction
Food Food 3
crises crises
Infectious Infectious
diseases diseases
4.0 4.0 Interstate Interstate 4.0 4.0
Terrorist State Terrorist State
attacks collapse collapse failure Global governance failure
Global governance
attacks Involuntary Involuntary
migration migration
National National Failure of Failure of
governance governance urban planning urban planning
failure failure
3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
Social instability Social instability

3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Impact
Impact

2.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0
Likelihood Likelihood

Technological Technological Respondents Respondents 3

Cyberattacks Cyberattacks
Multistakeholder Shapers
Multistakeholder Shapers
4.0 Information
4.0 Information
infrastructure infrastructure
breakdown breakdown
Data fraud or theft Data fraud or theft
The Global ShapersThe Global Shapers
Community Community is the World
is the World
Economic Forum’s Economic
network ofForum’s
young people
network of young people
3.5 3.5 driving
driving dialogue,
dialogue, action
action and
driving change.
dialogue,
and change.action and change.

Adverse Adverse
technological technological
advances advances Source: World Economic Forum Global Risks Perception Survey 2019–2020.
Note:
Note: We applied the same completion We applied
thresholds the same
to survey completion
responses fromthresholds
the to survey responses from the
Global Shapers
Global Shapers as to the multi-stakeholder as toAppendix
sample (see the multi-stakeholder sample (see Appendix B: Global Risks
B: Global Risks
3.0 3.0 Note: We applied the same completion thresholds to survey responses from the
Impact
Impact

Perception Survey
Perception Survey and Methodology). and Methodology).
Global Shapers as to the multistakeholder sample (see Appendix B: Global Risks
Perception Survey
We received 236 and for
responses Methodology).
PartWe received
1 “The World236 responses
in 2020” for Part
and 190 1 “The
for Part 2 World in 2020” and 190 for Part 2
“Assessment
“Assessment of Global Risks”. The data for Part 3of“Global
GlobalRisk
Risks”. The data for Part 3 “Global Risk Interconnections”
Interconnections”
was received
We wasPart
not used. 236 responses for not used.
1 “The World in 2020” and 190 for Part 2
2.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0“Assessment of Global Risks”. The data for Part 3 “Global Risk Interconnections”
Likelihood Likelihood were not used.
 Figure IV: The Global Risks Interconnections Map 2020
he GlobalThe Global
Risks Risks Interconnections
Interconnections Map 2020 Map 2020

Natural disasters Natural disasters

4.0
Extreme weather
Extreme weather Human-made Human-made
environmental disaster
environmental disaster
disasters disasters

Infectious diseases Infectious diseases

Food crises Food crises Biodiversity loss Biodiversity loss

Failure of Failure of
urban planning urban planning

Global Global
governance governance
Weapons of mass
destruction
Weapons of mass
destruction
failure failure
Water crises Water crises
Climate Climate action
action
failure failure
Critical infrastructure
Critical infrastructure
3.5 failure failure
Average
Interstate Interstate
3.47 Involuntary migration
Involuntary migration con ict con ict
ation Information National National
ructure infrastructure governance governance
down breakdown failure failure Illicit trade Illicit trade
Cyberattacks Cyberattacks

Social instability
Social instability
Terrorist attacks Terrorist attacks

State collapse State collapse

Data fraud Data fraud
Adverse Adverse technological
technological
or theft or theft advances
advances Energy price shock Energy price shock

Unemployment Unemployment
Fiscal crises Fiscal crises

Financial failure Financial failure

3.0 Unmanageable in ationUnmanageable in ation

Asset
Assetbubbles
bubble Asset
Assetbubbles
bubble De ation De ation

.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0

Average Average
od Likelihood 3.32 3.32
Economic Economic
Geopolitical Geopolitical
Technological Technological
Risks Risks Risks Risks Risks Risks
Number and strengthNumber and strength
Environmental Environmental
Societal Societal of connections of connections
Risks Risks Risks Risks (“weighted degree”) (“weighted degree”)

Source: World Economic Forum Global Risks Surveyup

Note: Survey respondents were asked to select up to six pairs of global risks they believe to be most
respondents
World Economic Note: to six pairs were asked to they
selectbelieve
up to to sixbe
pairs of global risks they believe to be most interconnected.
Source: World EconomicSource: 2019–2020.Forum Global RisksSee Appendix B for more details. ToSee
Note: Survey respondents were asked to select of global risks most interconnected.
Forum Global
Perception SurveyRisks interconnected. Seedetails.
Appendix Brisks
oflegibility,
the
Appendix
ensure B for
legibility, themore
names of theTo ensure
global are full report
the names
abbreviated; forofmore
see the details.
global
Appendix A forTo
risks are ensure legibility,
abbreviated; the names
see Appendix A for of the
Perception Survey 2019–2020.
Perception Survey 2019–2020. full names and descriptions. fullglobal
names risks are abbreviated; see Appendix A for the full name and description.
and descriptions.
The World Economic Forum,
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state of the world, is the
International Organization for
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