2

3. Incropera - 7ma Edición – Ejercicio 5.24 [ CITATION Ber11 \l 12298 ]

In a material processing experiment conducted aboard the space shuttle, a coated niobium
sphere of 10-mm diameter is removed from a furnace at 900°C and cooled to a temperature of
300°C. Although properties of the niobium vary over this temperature range, constant values
may be assumed to a reasonable approximation, with ρ = 8600 kg / m 3, c = 290 J / kg · K, and
k = 63 W / m · K.

(a) If cooling is implemented in a large evacuated chamber whose walls are at 25 °C,
determine the time required to reach the final temperature if the coating is polished and has an
emissivity of ε = 0.1. How long would it take if the coating is oxidized and ε = 0.6?

(b) To reduce the time required for cooling, consideration is given to immersion of the sphere
in an inert gas stream for which T∞ = 25 °C and h = 200 W/m2·K. Neglecting radiation, what is
the time required for cooling?

Datos:
 kg 
   8600 3  a). El enfriamiento se da en un ambiente a:
 m 
 J 
Niobio c  290  T  25 C 1. Calculamos el volumen:
 kg ·K 
   3
W   0.1 
k  63  6
 m·K 
  0.01m 
3

Ti  900 C Y   0.6 
6
T f  300 C
 5.236 x10 7 m3
T  25 C
2. Área superficial:
W
h  200 2 As     2
m K
   0.01 m 
2
  0.01m
T2   20 C  3.1416 x104 m 2
3. Para hallar t con  = 0.1utilizamos la ecuación:
c  Ts  T T  Ti  T  T   
t= 3 
ln  ln bu  2  tan 1    tan 1  i 
4As r Tbu  Ts  T Tbu  Ti   Ts   Ts   
  kg  3  J  
  8600 3   5.236 x10 m   290
7
 
  m   kg  K  
 
 4  0.1  3.1416 x104 m 2   5.67 x108 W  
  m 2  K  
 298  573 298  1173   573  1  1173   
ln  ln  2  tan 1    tan   
 298  573 298  1173   298   298   
 6926 s  1.153  0.519  2  1.091  1.322  
 1190 s

4. Para hallar t con  = 0.6 utilizamos la ecuación:

c  Ts  T Tbu  Ti  1  T  1  Ti  

t=  ln  ln  2  tan    tan   
4As r Tbu 3  Ts  T Tbu  Ti   Ts   Ts   
  kg  3  J  
  8600 3   5.236 x10 m   290
7
 
  m   kg  K  
 
 4  0.6   3.1416 x10 4 m 2   5.67 x108 W  
  m 2  K  
 298  573 298  1173   573  1  1173   
ln  ln  2  tan 1    tan   
 298  573 298  1173   298   298   
 6926 s  1.153  0.519  2  1.091  1.322  
 199 s
b). Para elenfriamiento por conveccion utilixzamos la ecuacion (5.5)
descrita para el tiempo deenfriamiento por conveccion en la pagina 282, Incropera 7ma Ed
 cD  TI  T 
t ln  
6h  T f  T 

t
 m 
8600 kg 3 290 J
kg  K 0.01m 
  875  
 ln   
1200 W   275  
m K
2

t  24.1 s