Método de multipásos para aproximar la solución de una E.D.

O de primer orden con valores

iniciales.
𝑑𝑦 𝑏−𝑎
= 𝑓(𝑡, 𝑦), 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑏, ℎ= , 𝑦(𝑎) = 𝑦0
𝑑𝑡 𝑛
Anteriormente ya se obtuvo la primera derivada usando método de Taylor, entonces lo que
procedemos a hacer es encontrar los 4 pasos.

1era derivada para y1

𝑦 ′ (𝑡) = 0.0375 𝑡 4 − 0.2664 𝑡 3 + 0.2874 𝑡 2 + 0.8332 𝑡 − 0.0533

t y f t y f
𝑡𝑖−4 𝑦𝑖−4 𝑓𝑖−4 0 0 - 0.0533
𝑡𝑖−3 𝑦𝑖−3 𝑓𝑖−3 1 0.40 0.31
𝑡𝑖−2 𝑦𝑖−2 𝑓𝑖−2 2 1.50 1.13
𝑡𝑖−1 𝑦𝑖−1 𝑓𝑖−1 3 2.60 1.09
𝑡𝑖 𝑦𝑖 𝑓𝑖 4 3.20 0.76

𝑏−𝑎 4−0
ℎ= = =1
𝑛 4
𝑠 𝑠+1 2 𝑠+2 3 𝑠+3 4 𝑡−𝑡
𝑃𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝑓𝑖 + ( ) ∆𝑓𝑖−1 + ( ) ∆ 𝑓𝑖−2 + ( ) ∆ 𝑓𝑖−3 + ( ) ∆ 𝑓𝑖−4 … ; 𝑠 = ℎ 1
1 2 3 4
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑡, 𝑦) = 𝑃𝑛 (𝑡) + 𝜀(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑃𝑛 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝜀(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑦𝑖+1 𝑦𝑖+1 𝑦𝑖+1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑃𝑛 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝜀(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑦𝑖−𝑘 𝑦𝑖−𝑘 𝑦𝑖−𝑘

Método de Adams – Basforth n= 4 y k=0

𝑦𝑖+1 𝑡𝑖+1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑃4 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
𝑦𝑖 𝑡𝑖

1
∆2 𝑓𝑖−2 ∆3 𝑓𝑖−3
𝑦𝑖+1 − 𝑦𝑖 = ∫ [ 𝑓𝑖 + 𝑠 ∆𝑓𝑖−1 + (𝑠 + 1)(𝑠) + (𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠)
2! 3!
0
∆4 𝑓𝑖−4
+ (𝑠 + 3)(𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠) ] ℎ 𝑑𝑠
4!

𝑠2 𝑠 3 𝑠 2 ∆2 𝑓𝑖−2 𝑠 4 3𝑠 3 2𝑠 2 ∆3 𝑓𝑖−3
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + ℎ [𝑠𝑓𝑖 + ∆𝑓𝑖−1 + ( + ) +( + + )
2 3 2 2 4 3 2 6
5 4 3 4
𝑠 3𝑠 11𝑠 ∆ 𝑓𝑖−4 1
+( + + + 3𝑠 2 ) ]
5 2 3 24 0
1 5 3 121 4
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + ℎ[𝑓𝑖 + ∆𝑓 + ∆2 𝑓𝑖−2 + ∆3 𝑓𝑖−3 + ∆ 𝑓𝑖−4 ]
2 𝑖−1 12 8 720
ℎ
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + [720𝑓𝑖 + 360∆𝑓𝑖−1 + 300∆2 𝑓𝑖−2 + 270∆3 𝑓𝑖−3 + 121∆4 𝑓𝑖−4 ]
720
 ℎ
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + [120𝑓𝑖 + 60 (𝑓𝑖 − 𝑓𝑖−1 ) + 50(𝑓𝑖 − 2𝑓𝑖−1 + 𝑓𝑖−2 ) + 45(𝑓𝑖 − 3𝑓𝑖−1 + 3𝑓𝑖−2 − 𝑓𝑖−3 )
120
+ 51(𝑓𝑖 − 4𝑓𝑖−1 + 6𝑓𝑖−2 − 4𝑓𝑖−3 + 𝑓𝑖−4 )]
ℎ
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + [326𝑓𝑖 − 499𝑓𝑖−1 + 491𝑓𝑖−2 − 249𝑓𝑖−3 + 51𝑓𝑖−4 ]
120
1
𝑦𝑖+1 = 3.20 + [326(0.76) − 499(1.09) + 491(1.13) − 249(0.31) + 51(0.0533)]
120
𝑦𝑖+1 = 3.859
1 1
𝑠+4 5
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∫ ( ) ∆ 𝑓𝑖−5 ℎ 𝑑𝑠 = ℎ ∆5 𝑓𝑖−5 ∫ 𝑠 5 + 10𝑠 4 + 35𝑠 3 + 50𝑠 2 + 24𝑠 𝑑𝑠
0 5 0

𝑠6 35𝑠 4 50𝑠 3 1 41
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ℎ ∆5 𝑓𝑖−5 [ + 2𝑠 5 + + + 12𝑠 2 ] = 1(0.90) ( )
6 4 3 0 900

𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 0.041

1era derivada para y2

𝑦 ′ (𝑡) = 0.033 𝑡 4 − 0.3168 𝑡 3 + 0.8751 𝑡 2 − 0.5416 𝑡 + 0.0517

t y f t y f
𝑡𝑖−4 𝑦𝑖−4 𝑓𝑖−4 0 0 0.052
𝑡𝑖−3 𝑦𝑖−3 𝑓𝑖−3 1 0 0.052
𝑡𝑖−2 𝑦𝑖−2 𝑓𝑖−2 2 0.30 - 0.040
𝑡𝑖−1 𝑦𝑖−1 𝑓𝑖−1 3 0.80 0.030
𝑡𝑖 𝑦𝑖 𝑓𝑖 4 1.10 0.141

𝑏−𝑎 4−0
ℎ= = =1
𝑛 4
𝑠 𝑠+1 2 𝑠+2 3 𝑠+3 4 𝑡−𝑡
𝑃𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝑓𝑖 + ( ) ∆𝑓𝑖−1 + ( ) ∆ 𝑓𝑖−2 + ( ) ∆ 𝑓𝑖−3 + ( ) ∆ 𝑓𝑖−4 … ; 𝑠 = ℎ 1
1 2 3 4
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑡, 𝑦) = 𝑃𝑛 (𝑡) + 𝜀(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑃𝑛 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝜀(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑦𝑖+1 𝑦𝑖+1 𝑦𝑖+1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑃𝑛 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝜀(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑦𝑖−𝑘 𝑦𝑖−𝑘 𝑦𝑖−𝑘

Método de Adams – Basforth n= 4 y k=0

𝑦𝑖+1 𝑡𝑖+1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑃4 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
𝑦𝑖 𝑡𝑖
 1
∆2 𝑓𝑖−2 ∆3 𝑓𝑖−3
𝑦𝑖+1 − 𝑦𝑖 = ∫ [ 𝑓𝑖 + 𝑠 ∆𝑓𝑖−1 + (𝑠 + 1)(𝑠) + (𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠)
2! 3!
0
∆4 𝑓𝑖−4
+ (𝑠 + 3)(𝑠 + 2)(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠) ] ℎ 𝑑𝑠
4!

𝑠2 𝑠 3 𝑠 2 ∆2 𝑓𝑖−2 𝑠 4 3𝑠 3 2𝑠 2 ∆3 𝑓𝑖−3
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + ℎ [𝑠𝑓𝑖 + ∆𝑓𝑖−1 + ( + ) +( + + )
2 3 2 2 4 3 2 6
𝑠 5 3𝑠 4 11𝑠 3 ∆ 4
𝑓𝑖−4 1
+( + + + 3𝑠 2 ) ]
5 2 3 24 0
1 5 3 121 4
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + ℎ[𝑓𝑖 + ∆𝑓𝑖−1 + ∆2 𝑓𝑖−2 + ∆3 𝑓𝑖−3 + ∆ 𝑓𝑖−4 ]
2 12 8 720
ℎ
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + [720𝑓𝑖 + 360∆𝑓𝑖−1 + 300∆2 𝑓𝑖−2 + 270∆3 𝑓𝑖−3 + 121∆4 𝑓𝑖−4 ]
720
ℎ
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + [120𝑓𝑖 + 60 (𝑓𝑖 − 𝑓𝑖−1 ) + 50(𝑓𝑖 − 2𝑓𝑖−1 + 𝑓𝑖−2 ) + 45(𝑓𝑖 − 3𝑓𝑖−1 + 3𝑓𝑖−2 − 𝑓𝑖−3 )
120
+ 51(𝑓𝑖 − 4𝑓𝑖−1 + 6𝑓𝑖−2 − 4𝑓𝑖−3 + 𝑓𝑖−4 )]
ℎ
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + [326𝑓𝑖 − 499𝑓𝑖−1 + 491𝑓𝑖−2 − 249𝑓𝑖−3 + 51𝑓𝑖−4 ]
120
1
𝑦𝑖+1 = 1.10 + [326(0.141) − 499(0.030) + 491(−0.040) − 249(0.052) + 51(0.052)]
120
𝑦𝑖+1 = 1.287
1 1
𝑠+4 5
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ∫ ( ) ∆ 𝑓𝑖−5 ℎ 𝑑𝑠 = ℎ ∆5 𝑓𝑖−5 ∫ 𝑠 5 + 10𝑠 4 + 35𝑠 3 + 50𝑠 2 + 24𝑠 𝑑𝑠
0 5 0

𝑠6 35𝑠 4 50𝑠 3 1 41
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = ℎ ∆5 𝑓𝑖−5 [ + 2𝑠 5 + + + 12𝑠 2 ] = 1(0.80) ( )
6 4 3 0 900

𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 0.0129