Cálculos

DATOS

4184𝐽 896𝐽
𝐶𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 𝐾𝑔 𝑥 𝐾 𝐶𝐴𝑙 = 𝐾𝑔 𝑥 𝐾

𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏 = 25°𝐶 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 10°𝐶

∆𝑇 = 20 min = 1200 𝑠
𝑔
𝑉𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 100 𝑚𝐿 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 1 𝑚𝑙

𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 0.015 𝑘𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 0.1 𝑘𝑔

𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 + 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 0,015𝐾𝑔 + 0,1𝐾𝑔 = 0,115 𝐾𝑔

Calor expulsado de la máquina

𝑄 = 𝑄𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 + 𝑄𝐴𝑙

𝑄 = (𝑚𝐴𝑙 )(𝐶𝐴𝑙 )(∆𝑡) + (𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 )(𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 )(∆𝑡)

𝑄 = (∆𝑡)[(𝑚𝐴𝑙 )(𝐶𝐴𝑙 ) + (𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 )(𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 )]

𝑄 = (15)[(0,015)(896) + (4184)(0.1)]

𝑄 = 6474 𝐽

Trabajo

∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊 = 0

𝑄=𝑊

𝑊 = 6474 𝐽

Potencia del motor

𝑊
𝑃=
∆𝑇

6474 𝐽
𝑃= = 𝑃 = 5,4 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡
1200 𝑠
 45.5cm

2.1cm 2.1cm
0.5

1.6cm 3.2cm
Ilustración 1: Diagrama de dimensiones del sistema de pistones
Cálculos de Jeringa
volúmenes
1 Jeringa 2
Manguera
𝑽 = 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏 𝒋𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒂 𝟏 + 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏 𝒋𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒂

𝑻𝟏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝑲 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝑲 𝑻𝟑 = 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝑲 𝑻𝟒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝑲

𝜋
𝑉1 = ((2.1𝑥10−3 )2 (1.6 + 3.2 + (0.5𝑥10−3 )2 (45.5𝑥10−3 )
4
𝜋
𝑉1 = ((4.4𝑥10−6 )(4.8𝑥10−3 ) + 0.0114)
4

𝑽𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟑

𝜋
𝑉2 = (0.5𝑥10−3 )2 (45.5𝑥10−3 ) + (2.1𝑥10−3 )2 ((1.6 + 1.4)𝑥10−3 )
4

𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟑

𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒐 𝒊𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟑

𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟑

𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒐 𝒊𝒔𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝑻𝟒 = 𝑻𝟑 𝑽𝟒 = 𝑽𝟏

𝑽𝟒 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟑

Calculo de moles

𝑃𝑉 (1.013𝑥105 )(2.55𝑥10−5 )
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑛= =
𝑅𝑇 (8.314)(298)

𝑛 = 1.045𝑥10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

Calculo de Presiones
 (1.04 ∗ 10−3 )(8.314)(298)
𝑃1 = = 𝑷𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 ∗ 105 𝑃𝑎
(2.55 ∗ 10−5 )

(1.04 ∗ 10−3 )(8.314)(298)

𝑃2 = = 𝑷𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟗 ∗ 105 𝑃𝑎
(1.93 ∗ 10−5 )

(1.04 ∗ 10−3 )(8.314)(283)

𝑃3 = −5
= 𝑷𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝟎 ∗ 105 𝑃𝑎
(1.93 ∗ 10 )

(𝟏. 𝟎𝟒 ∗ 10−3 )(𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒)(𝟐𝟖𝟑)

𝑷𝟒 = = 𝑷𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟒 ∗ 105 𝑃𝑎
(𝟐. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 )

GRAFICO DEL PROCESO

1. 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎

𝑉1
∆𝑈 = 0 → 𝑄 = 𝑊 → 𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln( )
𝑉2

−3
8.314 𝐽 1,9325𝑥10−5
𝑊 = 1.045𝑥10 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 (298)ln( )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 2,55𝑥10−5

𝑊 = −0.7178 𝐽 = 𝑄

2. Desplazamiento Isocórico

𝑊2 = 0 𝑉 = 𝐶𝑡𝑒 ∆𝑈 = 𝑄

5 8,314 𝐽
∆𝑈 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇 = 1.045𝑥10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 (283 − 298)𝐾 = −0,3258 𝐽 = 𝑄
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾

3. Expansión Isotérmica
 𝑉2
𝑊3 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛( )
𝑉3

8,314 𝐽 2,55𝑥10−5
𝑊3 = 1.045𝑥10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠( )(283)ln( )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 1,9325𝑥10−5

𝑊3 = 0.6817 𝐽

∆𝑈 = 0 → 𝑄 = 𝑊 = 0.6817 𝐽

4. Desplazamiento Isocórico

𝑊=0 𝑉 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒

5 8,314 𝐽
∆𝑈 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇 = 1.045𝑥10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 (298 − 283)𝐾 = 0,3258 𝐽 = 𝑄
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾

TRABAJO NETO

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 + 𝑊4

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 0.7178 + 0 + 0.6817

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑜 = −0.03 𝐽

𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒋𝒐

𝑹𝑬𝑵𝑫𝑰𝑴𝑰𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑶 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑴𝑨𝑸𝑼𝑰𝑵𝑨

𝑄𝐶
𝑘=
𝑊

𝑄 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜
𝑘 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜 = =
𝑊 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜 0,03 𝐽