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SE
M M
E E
R R
C C
MP
A A
D D
O O
P PRODUCCIÓN PT C
R MI O
O M
V P
E R
E A
D RE D
O O
R R
FE
SUMINISTRO DEMANDA
INVENTARIOS
s
-ÄS -ÄS DEMANDA
NIVEL DE
PRODUCCIÓN
+ÄS +ÄS
t
COSTO
TOTAL
FUNCIÓN
OBJETIVO
COMPONENTE
DECRECIENTE
COMPONENTE
CRECIENTE
VARIABLE DE
DECISIÓN
s
PLAZO DE
ENTREGA
(LEAD-TIME)
EMISIÓN DEL RECEPCIÓN
PEDIDO
s
t t
s PLAZO DE
REAPROVISIONAMIENTO
PLAZO DE FIN DE LA
ENTREGA
(LEAD-TIME) ENTREGA
EMISIÓN DEL COMIENZO DE
PEDIDO LA ENTREGA
d
t
d
t
d
t
Costos relevantes
• b $
un
• c1 $
t ⋅ un
• k $
pedido
$
• c2
t ⋅ un
b
• precio de compra
• costo directo
b b b
q q q
c1= c’1+b.i
• costos de espacio de almacenamiento
(alquileres, seguros, etc.)
• costos de mantenimiento físico de los productos
• costos de manipulación
• impuesto a los inventarios, si es aplicable
• costos de depreciación, deterioros, hurto,
evaporación, perecidad, obsolescencia
• costos administrativos de llevar registro de
inventarios
• capital inmovilizado
k
• COMPRA
– costo administrativo de preparación y emisión de la orden
– recepción del lote
– control de calidad
– costo administrativo pago de la orden
• PRODUCCIÓN
– set-up
– mermas de inicio de producción
– costo administrativo
c2 f2 F2
• PT
– costo debido al retraso, si se permite un diferimiento en las
entregas
– lucro cesante por pérdidas de ventas si no se admite diferimiento,
etc.
• PRODUCTOS ADQUIRIDOS
– parada
– apresuramiento (compras de urgencia o emergencia),
– pérdida de tiempo de producción el costo de horas extras para
recuperar el tiempo perdido, y
– mermas en la producción
s s
t
s
t
A B Nivel 0
3 1 1 3
X Y Z T Nivel 1
2 1 1 1 4
M N O P P Nivel 2
1 2
V W Nivel 3
Ø Se administra un único item.
Ø La reposición es instantánea.
Ø El costo unitario de adquisición "b", el costo unitario de almacenamiento "c 1" y el costo del
pedido "k" son independientes de la cantidad a pedir "q".
Ø No hay restricciones que limiten la decisión que se tome sobre el tamaño del lote.
T = 1:
LT = Lead Time.
q: Tamaño del lote.
t: Intervalo de un ciclo.
t
t
s
D T
n= =
q t
T=1
1
CTE i = b ⋅ q + ⋅ q ⋅ c1 ⋅ t + k
2
D T
n= =
q t
1 D
CTE = b ⋅ D + ⋅ q ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + k ⋅
2 q
∂CTE 1 D
= ⋅ c1 ⋅ T − k ⋅ 2 = 0
∂q 2 q
2⋅k ⋅D
qo =
T ⋅ c1
WILLSON - HARRIS
2⋅k ⋅D
qo =
T ⋅ c1
CTE
k⋅D
q
CTEo
1
⋅ c1 ⋅ q ⋅ T
2
qo b⋅D q
1 D
CTE = b ⋅ D + ⋅ q ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + k ⋅
2 q
1 2⋅k ⋅D D
CTE o = b ⋅ D + ⋅ ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + k ⋅
2 T ⋅ c1 2⋅k ⋅ D
T ⋅ c1
1 2⋅k ⋅D T ⋅ c1
CTE o = b ⋅ D + ⋅ ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + k ⋅ D ⋅
2 T ⋅ c1 2⋅ k ⋅ D
CTE o = b ⋅ D + 2 ⋅ k ⋅ D ⋅ T ⋅ c1
D T
n= =
q t
T T 2⋅ k ⋅ D 2⋅k⋅T
to = ⋅ qo = ⋅ =
D D T ⋅ c1 D ⋅ c1
D T ⋅ c1 T ⋅ c1 ⋅ D
no = = D⋅ =
qo 2⋅ k ⋅D 2⋅k
s
t
t
T=1
s
SR
LT t
S R = LT ⋅ d
2.1:
2⋅ k ⋅ T 2 ⋅10 ⋅1
to = = = 0,04 año ≅ 2 sem
D ⋅ c1 500 ⋅ 25
$
CTE o = b ⋅ D + 2 ⋅ k ⋅ D ⋅ T ⋅ c 1 = 100 ⋅ 500 + 2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 500 ⋅1 ⋅ 25 = 50.500
año
Kg
S R = 0,5 sem ⋅ 10 = 5 Kg
sem
MIN = CTE;
CTE = b * D + 0.5 * c1 * q * T + k * D /q;
n = D / q;
t1 = q / D * T;
Sr = LT * D / 50;
c1 = c1op + b * i;
b = 100;
i = 0.25;
D = 500;
c1op= 0.0;
k = 10;
LT = 0.5;
T=1;
END
Local optimal solution found at step: 10
c1 = c'1
1 D
CVT = ⋅ q ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + k ⋅
2 q
CVT
CVTO
qO q
1 D
CVT = ⋅ q ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + k ⋅
2 q
2⋅k⋅D
qo =
T ⋅ c1
CVTo = 2 ⋅ k ⋅ D ⋅ T ⋅ c1
CVT
q = α ⋅ qo λ= ≥1
CVTo
CVT
CVT
CVTo
qo q = á qo q
1 D
CVT ( q ) = ⋅ α ⋅ q o ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + k ⋅
2 α ⋅ qo
1 2⋅ k ⋅ D D T ⋅ c1
= ⋅α⋅ ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + k ⋅ ⋅
2 T ⋅ c1 α 2⋅ k ⋅ D
1 1
= ⋅ α ⋅ 2 ⋅ k ⋅ D ⋅ c1 ⋅ T + ⋅ 2 ⋅ k ⋅ D ⋅ c1 ⋅ T
2 2⋅α
α 1 = CVT α 1 CVT o 1
= 2 ⋅ k ⋅ D ⋅ c1 ⋅ T ⋅ + ⋅ + = ⋅ α +
⋅ α α
o
2 2 ⋅α 2 2 2
CVT 1 1
λ= = ⋅α +
CVTo 2 α
CVT − CVTo CVT
ε= = − 1 = λ −1
CVTo CVTo
1 1
ε = ⋅ α + −1
2 α
CVT CVT'
CVTo' REAL (c 1, k, D)
ÄCVT
CVTo
qo q’o = q = á qo q
c'1 = β ⋅ c1 k' = γ ⋅ k D' = δ ⋅ D
CVT CVT'
CVT o ÄCVT
qo q’o = q = á qo q
2 ⋅ k´⋅D´ 2⋅γ ⋅k⋅δ⋅D 2⋅k⋅D γ⋅δ γ ⋅δ
q = q'o = = = ⋅ = qo ⋅
T ⋅ c1´ T ⋅ β ⋅ c1 T ⋅ c1 β β
q = α ⋅ qo
γ ⋅δ
α=
β
1 γ ⋅ δ β
λ= ⋅ +
2 β γ ⋅ δ
1 γ ⋅δ β
ε = ⋅ + −1
2 β γ ⋅ δ
CVT
ÄCVT
q
Intervalo de operación
1 1 1 α2 +1
ε = ⋅ α + −1 = ⋅ −1
2 α 2 α
2 ⋅ α ⋅ (ε + 1) = α 2 + 1
α 2 − (2 ⋅ ε + 2) ⋅ α + 1 = 0
(2 ⋅ ε + 2) ± (2 ⋅ ε + 2)2 − 4
α 1, 2 =
2
α1, 2 = ε + 1 ± ε 2 + 2 ⋅ ε