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GUÍA DE LECTURA

Presentación
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OXFORD | 1
LEYENDAS

Actividades

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2 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

Estructura y motivos recurrentes


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OXFORD | 3
LEYENDAS

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4 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

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OXFORD | 5
LEYENDAS

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3 0RWLYRVUHFXUUHQWHV
$OLJXDOTXHVXFHGHHQHOQLYHOHVWUXFWXUDOGHODV/H\HQGDVHODXWRUVHYLOODQRH[WUDMRODPD
\RUtDGHORVPRWLYRVGHVXVFRPSRVLFLRQHVGHODVQDUUDFLRQHVRUDOHVGHOIROFORUHHXURSHR(OUH
FXUVRGHODVHVWDWXDVTXHDGTXLHUHQYLGDTXHREVHUYDPRVHQ/DDMRUFDGHRUR\HQ(OEHVR\DKDEtD
VLGRXWLOL]DGRSRU=RUULOODHQ'RQ-XDQ7HQRULR\XQRVVLJORVDQWHVSRU7LUVRGH0ROLQDHQHO
HSLVRGLRGHOFRQYLGDGRGHSLHGUDGH(OEXUODGRUGH6HYLOOD3RURWUDSDUWHHOPRWLYRGHOFLHUYRTXH

6 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

SHUVLJXHQWDQWR)HUQDQGRHQ/RVRMRVYHUGHVFRPR*DUFpVHQ/DFRU]DEODQFDHVXQWySLFRFLWDGtVL
PRHQODVQDUUDFLRQHVFHOWDVGLIXQGLGDVHQ(XURSDGHVGHHOVLJOR;,,\DTXHHVODIRUPDTXHVROtDQ
DGRSWDUODVKDGDVSDUDOOHYDUDVXVHQDPRUDGRVKDFLDODVHQWUDxDVGHOERVTXH
/RVREUHQDWXUDOFRQVWLWX\HXQPRWLYRFRQVWDQWHHQWRGDVODV/H\HQGDV(VXQDLUUXSFLyQ
GHOPiVDOOiTXHH[FHSWRHQORVUHODWRVGH(O0LVHUHUH\GH0DHVH3pUH]VXVFLWDHOWHUURUGHOOHFWRU
\DGTXLHUHXQYDORUQHJDWLYR/RVPRQMHVYXHOYHQDODYLGD\HOURPHURJHUPiQLFRDVLVWHDWHUURUL
]DGRDODHVFHQDSHURXQDYH]TXHFRPLHQ]DHORILFLRVXVPLHGRVVHGLVLSDQDOLJXDOTXHOHVXFHGH
DODKLMDGH0DHVH3pUH]FXDQGRHOHVSHFWURGHVXSDGUHWRFDHOyUJDQRHQODPLVDGHO*DOOR(Q
ODVRWUDVOH\HQGDVORIDQWiVWLFRHVXQDSHUYHUVLyQGHODQDWXUDOH]D(OHVStULWXIHPHQLQRTXHJR
ELHUQDODIXHQWHHQ/RVRMRVYHUGHVHVXQGHPRQLRTXHFRQGXFHDOSURWDJRQLVWDDODPXHUWH'HOD
PLVPDIRUPDHOSURGLJLRGH(O0RQWHGHODVÈQLPDVFDXVDODSHUGLFLyQGH$ORQVR\GH%HDWUL]\
ODLPSUXGHQFLDGH*DUFpVFRQODFRU]DEODQFDDSHVDUGHODVDGYHUWHQFLDVTXHHOODOHKDEtDRIUHFL
GRRFDVLRQDODPXHUWHGHVXDPDGD&RQVWDQ]D
/DLQWURGXFFLyQGHDJHQWHVIDQWDVPDOHVHVStULWXVHWpUHRV\YRFHVGHXOWUDWXPEDHVWiHQ
FRQVRQDQFLDFRQODQRYHODJyWLFDTXHGLVIUXWDEDGHXQDUHFHSFLyQIDYRUDEOHHQ(XURSDGHVGHOD
SXEOLFDFLyQGH(OFDVWLOORGH2WUDQWRGH+RUDFH:DOSROH  /RVUHODWRVGH(7$+RIIPDQQ
\GH(GJDU$OODQ3RHWDPELpQLPSUHJQDURQHODPELHQWHWHUURUtILFRTXHGHVFULEHHOSRHWDVHYLOOD
QR/DPHGLDQRFKH\HOUHSLFDUGHODVFDPSDQDVDQWLFLSDQODLQFXUVLyQGHORIDQWiVWLFRODVHVWD
WXDVVHDUUDVWUDQ\FDVWLJDQHOVDFULOHJLRGH3HGURORVHVTXHOHWRVYXHOYHQDODYLGDSDUDHQWRQDUHO
0LVHUHUH\ORVWHPSODULRVGHSRVLWDQHQODKDELWDFLyQGH%HDWUL]ODEDQGDD]XOTXHHOODKDEtDVROL
FLWDGRD$ORQVR
$GHPiVGHODSUHVHQFLDGHORH[WUDRUGLQDULRTXHHVIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDODHVWUXFWXUDGHODV
/H\HQGDV\TXHUHVSRQGtDDODVH[LJHQFLDVGHOS~EOLFRGHFLPRQyQLFRHODPRU\HOLGHDOLVPRVH
FRQVROLGDQFRPRIXHU]DVLUUHYHUVLEOHVTXHLPSXOVDQDOSURWDJRQLVWDDURPSHUFRQODVSURKLELFLR
QHVHVWDEOHFLGDV$OLJXDOTXHHQODV5LPDVHODPRUVHPXHVWUDFRPRXQVHQWLPLHQWRLUUDFLRQDO
TXHHPSXMDDODYR]SRpWLFDDODGHVHVSHUDFLyQ\DYHFHVDODPXHUWH(OHQDPRUDPLHQWRGH3HGUR
ORREOLJDDUREDUODDMRUFDGHRURGHOD9LUJHQGHO6DJUDULRDOLJXDOTXH*DUFpVSHUVLVWHHQODFD]D
GHODFRU]DEODQFDSDUDGHPRVWUDUVXVHUYLFLRLQFRQGLFLRQDOD&RQVWDQ]D/DP~VLFDHVWpWLFDPHQ
WHSHUIHFWDTXHVHH[DOWDHQODVOH\HQGDVUHOLJLRVDVFRPRODGH(OPLVHUHUH\ODGH0DHVH3pUH]SUH
VHQWDQODLPSRVLELOLGDGGHUHSURGXFLUODEHOOH]D(OLGHDOHVWpWLFRVHHQFXHQWUDSRUHQFLPDGHO
KRPEUH

OXFORD | 7
LEYENDAS

Actividades

1 2UJDQL]DORVVLJXLHQWHVHSLVRGLRVTXHSHUWHQHFHQDWUHVOH\HQGDVGLIHUHQWHV
 0DHVH3pUH]HORUJDQLVWD
   /RVIHOLJUHVHVVHSUHSDUDQSDUDVDERWHDUODDFWXDFLyQGHORUJDQLVWDGH6DQ5RPiQFRQSDQGH
URVVRQDMDV\]DPERPEDV
   8QIDPLOLDUFRPXQLFDDORVIHOLJUHVHVTXHPDHVH3pUH]VHHQFXHQWUDJUDYHPHQWHHQIHUPR\
TXHQRSRGUiSDUWLFLSDUHQODPLVDGHOJDOOR
   /DKLMDGHPDHVH3pUH]FRQILHVDDWHUURUL]DGDTXHKDYLVWRDVXSDGUHURQGDUHOyUJDQR
   (ORELVSRGH6HYLOODOHSLGHDOULYDOGHPDHVH3pUH]TXHORVYXHOYDDGHOHLWDUHQODPLVDGHOJDOOR
HQODFDWHGUDOGHHVDPLVPDFLXGDG
   0DHVH3pUH]IDOOHFHHQODPLVDGHOJDOOR

 /DFRU]DEODQFD
   8QFRUURGHPXFKDFKDVVHPLGHVQXGDVVHUHIUHVFDHQODVDJXDVGHXQUtRPLHQWUDV*DUFpVODV
FRQWHPSOD
   (VWHEDQUHODWDDORVFDEDOOHURVGHGRQ'LRQtVHOHSLVRGLRGHODVYRFHVIHPHQLQDVTXHHVFXFKD
EDHQHOERVTXH\TXHVHEXUODEDQGHVXLJQRUDQFLD
   &RQVWDQ]DOHUHSOLFDD*DUFpVTXHODVKLVWRULDVGHOSDVWRUVRQHPEXVWHV\TXHHVPHMRUQR
WHQWDUDOGLDEORSRUTXHVHSXHGHEXUODUGHVXLQJHQXLGDG
   *DUFpVPDOGLFHDODFRU]DEODQFD\ODPDWD
   /DFRUWHGHGRQ'LRQtVUHSXGLDODVROLFLWXGGH*DUFpV

 (O0RQWHGHODVÈQLPDV
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TXHOHWRV
   %HDWUL]HVFXFKDORVH[WUDxRVSDVRV\UXPRUHVTXHLQWHUUXPSHQVXVXHxR
   %HDWUL]VXEUD\DTXHODHQWUHJDGHXQDSUHQGDHQXQGtDGHILHVWDLPSOLFDHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGH
XQDSURPHVD
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   $ORQVRVHQLHJDDUHFXSHUDUODEDQGDD]XOTXH%HDWUL]TXLHUHHQFRQWUDU

2 ¢4XpHVWUXFWXUDFRP~QSHUFLEHVHQORVUHODWRVGH%pFTXHU"¢4XpIDFWRUHVLPSXOVDQODSUHVHQFLD
GHORIDQWiVWLFR"

8 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

3 ¢&RQRFHVDOJXQDOH\HQGD"¢4XpGLIHUHQFLDVHQFXHQWUDVFRQHOPLWR"&XHQWDDWXVFRPSDxHURV
DOJXQDOH\HQGDTXHFRQR]FDV¢4XpHOHPHQWRVH[WUDRUGLQDULRVDSDUHFHQHQWXUHODWR"(ODERUDXQD
OLVWD\FRPSiUDODFRQORVPRWLYRVVREUHQDWXUDOHVGHODV/H\HQGDVGH%pFTXHU

4 ¢4XpLPSRUWDQFLDWLHQHODFDFHUtDHQHOIROFORUHSRSXODU"¢(QTXpUHODWRVDSDUHFHFRPRLQWURGXF
FLyQGHORIDQWiVWLFR"

OXFORD | 9
*XHUUDGHOD,QGHSHQGHQFLD



LEYENDAS

0XHUWHGH1DSROHyQ%RQDSDUWH



10 | OXFORD
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HOFROHJLRGH6DQ7HOPR )UDQFLVFR$VtVGH%RUEyQ

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URPiQWLFRTXHXWLOL]DEDODVUXLQDVORVFDVWLOORV\ODVLJOHVLDVJyWLFDVFRPRHOPDUFRHQTXHVHGH
$XQTXH%pFTXHUYLYLyHQXQDpSRFDGHFRQYXOVLyQSROtWLFDPDUFDGDSRUODVJXHUUDVFDUOLV

\HOHPSOHRGHYRFDEXODULRGHOSHUtRGRTXHDOXGHDREMHWRVFRPRODDMRUFDHOEUHGHOODVFDO]DV
VDUUROODEDODDFFLyQ(ODXWRUVHYLOODQRQRVRODPHQWHXWLOL]DWDOHVFHQRJUDItDFRPRWHOyQGHIRQGR

HYRFDU$EXQGDQORVFRQGHVFDEDOOHURVGDPLVHODVSDMHV\PRQWHURVODVDFWLYLGDGHVFRPRODFD]D
HOXGHHVDUHDOLGDG\WUDQVSRUWDDOOHFWRUDOD(GDG0HGLD(VWDSUHIHUHQFLDHQFDMDFRQHOHVStULWX

VLQRTXHDGDSWDORVSHUVRQDMHV\HOOHQJXDMHGHODV/H\HQGDVDODUHDOLGDGDUFDLFDTXHSUHWHQGH
WDVODSpUGLGDGHODVFRORQLDVDIULFDQDV\ODSURFODPDFLyQGHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQGHVXSURVD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

$SHVDUGHTXH%pFTXHUKX\HGHOFRQWH[WRTXHORURGHDODV/H\HQGDVSUHWHQGHQFRQVROLGDU
VHFRPRFUyQLFDVGHODVWUDGLFLRQHVPiVDUUDLJDGDVGH(VSDxD8QDYR]LQWURGXFHODOH\HQGDHQ
ODORFDOLGDGHQODTXHVHGHVDUUROODHOUHODWR\ODDXWRULGDGTXHODKDWUDQVPLWLGR(ODXWRUVHYLOOD
QRMXHJDDVHUXQVLPSOHSHULRGLVWDTXHFXHQWDDTXHOORTXHKDRtGRFRQHOILQGHSURSRUFLRQDUOH
YHURVLPLOLWXGDOUHODWR/DDILFLyQGH%pFTXHUSRUORVWHPSORV\ODVUXLQDVLQIOX\HHQODFRQVWDQWH
DSDULFLyQGHHVWRVPRQXPHQWRVFRPRHVFHQDULRHQTXHVHSURGXFHQORVIHQyPHQRVVREUHQDWX
UDOHV3RGHPRVVXSRQHUTXHVXHVWDQFLDHQHOPRQDVWHULRGH9HUXHODHQODIDOGDGHO0RQFD\R\
VXVSDVHRVSRU6RULDORKDQLQYLWDGRDFUHDUHVDVKLVWRULDVHODERUDGDVSRUXQDSDUWHDSDUWLUGH
ODVWUDGLFLRQHVRUDOHV\SRURWUDGHVXSURSLDLPDJLQDFLyQ
/RVHVSDFLRVTXHSUHGRPLQDQHQODV/H\HQGDVVRQFLXGDGHV\PRQXPHQWRVTXHORVOHFWRUHV
FRQRFHQTXHFRQWUDVWDQFRQORVKHFKRVH[WUDRUGLQDULRV6HYLOOD7ROHGR6RULD\VXVWHUULWRULRV
DOHGDxRVVRQDOJXQDVGHODVSREODFLRQHVTXHVHPHQFLRQDQMXQWRFRQHODIDPDGRPRQDVWHULRGH
)LWHURODSDUURTXLDGH6DQWD,QpVHQ6HYLOODODLJOHVLDGH6DQ6DWXULRODVUXLQDVGH6DQ3ROR
²DPEDVSUy[LPDVD6RULD²\ODFDWHGUDOGH7ROHGR
/DDFRWDFLyQGHODDFFLyQHQHVSDFLRVUHDOHVVHFRUUHVSRQGHFRQODHVSHFLILFDFLyQWHPSRUDO
HQODTXHLQWHUYLHQHORIDQWiVWLFR6LJXLHQGRODVFRQYHQFLRQHVGHODQRYHODJyWLFD%pFTXHUHOLJH
ODPHGLDQRFKH\HORFDVRFRPRORVPRPHQWRVGHOGtDHQORVTXHVHURPSHODEUHFKDTXHVHSDUD
HVWHPXQGRGHOPiVDOOi$GLFLRQDOPHQWHODVIHFKDVHQODVTXHRFXUUHQHVWRVSURGLJLRVHVWiQ
YLQFXODGDVFRQGtDVVDJUDGRVHQORVTXHVHSHUPLWHODHQWUDGDGHORH[WUDRUGLQDULR-XHYHV6DQWR
1DYLGDG\'tDGH7RGRVORV6DQWRV

OXFORD | 11
LEYENDAS

Actividades

1 6HxDODODVOH\HQGDV\ODVORFDOLGDGHVTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDORVtFRQRVGHVWDFDGRV

2 ¢(QTXpWLSRGHHQWRUQRVHGHVDUUROODORH[WUDRUGLQDULR"¢(QTXppSRFDVHHQPDUFDQODPD\RUtD
GHODV/H\HQGDV"¢3RUTXpFUHHVTXH%pFTXHUHOLJLyHVRVFRQWH[WRV"

3 ¢4XpSDSHOWLHQHHOUHGREOHGHODVFDPSDQDVHQODV/H\HQGDVGH%pFTXHU"¢(QTXpPRPHQWRGHO
GtDVXHOHLQWHUYHQLUORIDQWiVWLFR"2IUHFHWUHVHMHPSORVHQORVTXHODDPELHQWDFLyQDQWLFLSHOD
SUHVHQFLDGHOPiVDOOi

4 $QDOL]DGRVFXHQWRVLQIDQWLOHVHQORVTXHORVIHQyPHQRVVREUHQDWXUDOHVGHVHPSHxHQXQDIXQ
FLyQGHWHUPLQDQWH¢(QTXpWLHPSR\HVSDFLRVHGHVDUUROODQ"¢4XpVLPLOLWXGHV\GLIHUHQFLDVHQ
FXHQWUDVFRQORVUHODWRVGH%pFTXHU"

12 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

5 $VRFLDFDGDSDODEUDFRQVXVLJQLILFDGRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH

D  /HEUHO   7DULPDSHTXHxDRDVLHQWRVLQUHVSDOGR


E  %ULGD   &DPSDQDSHTXHxD

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P  %XVLOLV  &XHUGDSDUDDWDUDOSHUURFD]DGRU
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R  'UDJyQ  %DVWyQFRQODSXQWDGHKLHUUR
S  7UDtOOD  $UJROODIHPHQLQDSDUDDGRUQDUORVEUD]RV

OXFORD | 13
LEYENDAS

Construcción y función
de los personajes
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FLyQHQJHQHUDFLyQSURYLHQHQGHFODVHVVRFLDOHVLQIHULRUHV(VWHDVSHFWRSHUPLWHD%pFTXHUHQ
PDUFDUORVUHODWRVHQODWUDGLFLyQRUDO\SUHVHQWDUVHDQWHHOOHFWRUFRPRXQVLPSOH©WUDQVPLVRUª
GHORSRSXODUeOFXHQWDDTXHOORTXHKDHVFXFKDGRDXQTXHDOJXQDVGHODV/H\HQGDVFRPRKDQ
FRPSUREDGRHVSHFLDOLVWDVGHODREUDGHODXWRUVHYLOODQRVRQSXUDLQYHQFLyQVX\D3RURWUDSDUWH
DEXQGDQORVFDUDFWHUHVLGHDOLVWDVTXHVXFXPEHQDODVWHQWDFLRQHVRIUHFLGDVSRUORVSHUVRQDMHV
IHPHQLQRVGHTXLHQHVVHHQDPRUDQ&RPRVHKDLQGLFDGRHOHQWRUQRTXHURGHDDOSHUVRQDMH
SULQFLSDOH[SUHVDVXVVHQWLPLHQWRVVXVWHPRUHV\VXVDQKHORV/DGHVFULSFLyQVHFRQYLHUWHDVtHQ
XQYHKtFXORHVHQFLDOSDUDVLWXDUDOOHFWRUHQODDWPyVIHUDGHORVREUHQDWXUDO\SDUDTXHGLVSRQJD
GHORVUDVJRVPiVGHVWDFDGRVTXHFDUDFWHUL]DQDOSURWDJRQLVWD(VWH~OWLPRDVSHFWRHVPX\REYLR
HQHOFDVRGH)HUQDQGRODQDWXUDOH]DGHO0RQFD\RDGRSWDORVVHQWLPLHQWRVHLQTXLHWXGHVGHO
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SLHVGHVXPLVWHULRVDDPDQWHSURFXUDEDHQYDQRDUUDQFDUOHHOVHFUHWRGHVXH[LVWHQFLDª S 

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ËxLJRHOPRQWHURLQWHQWDGLVXDGLUD)HUQDQGRGHDFXGLUQXHYDPHQWHDODIXHQWHGHORVÈODPRV
SHURpVWHQRSXHGHUHVLVWLUVHDODPLUDGDGHDTXHOORVRMRVYHUGHV$GHPiVORVSURWDJRQLVWDVSR
VHHQXQHVStULWXVRxDGRUHLGHDOLVWDTXHIDFLOLWDTXHLJQRUHQODSURKLELFLyQFDVLVLHPSUHPRWL
YDGRVSRUXQDPXMHUVRQLQJHQXRV\SUHVWDQSRFDDWHQFLyQDODRSLQLyQGHVXHQWRUQR
2WURVSHUVRQDMHVTXHGHVWDFDQHQODV/H\HQGDVVRQORVHQWHVVREUHQDWXUDOHVTXHFDVWLJDQOD
SURIDQDFLyQGHORVDJUDGRRVLPSOHPHQWHODGHVREHGLHQFLDGHXQDSURKLELFLyQ(OHVStULWXGH
/RVRMRVYHUGHVHVXQGHPRQLRORVIDQWDVPDVGH(O0RQWHGHODVÈQLPDVFDXVDQODPXHUWHGH3HGUR
\%HDWUL]\ODVHVWDWXDVDQLPDGDVGH(OEHVR\/DDMRUFDGHRURYHQJDQHOVDFULOHJLRFRQODSHUGLFLyQ
GHOSURWDJRQLVWD(VWDVILJXUDVTXHYLHQHQGHOPiVDOOiUHVSRQGHQDORVWLSRVGHODQRYHODJyWLFD
ILMDGRVSRUDXWRUHVFRPR+RIIPDQQ6XDSDULFLyQHQODOH\HQGDHVWiSUHFHGLGDSRUXQDVHULHGH
IHQyPHQRVPHWHRUROyJLFRVFRPRODWRUPHQWDODQHEOLQD\HOPXUPXOORGHOYLHQWRTXHSUHSDUDQ
DOOHFWRUSDUDODHQWUDGDGHORIDQWiVWLFR

14 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

Actividades

1 ¢&yPRVRQORVSHUVRQDMHVIDQWiVWLFRVGHODV/H\HQGDVGH%pFTXHU"¢4XpFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVWLHQHQHQ
FRP~Q"¢6XSUHVHQFLDHVSRVLWLYDRQHJDWLYD"$UJXPHQWDWXUHVSXHVWDFRQHMHPSORV

2 ¢3RUTXpHOQDUUDGRUGH(OUD\RGH/XQDDILUPDDOILQDOGHVXUHODWRTXH0DQULTXHKDUHFXSHUDGR
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3 /HHDWHQWDPHQWHHOVLJXLHQWHSDVDMHGH/RVRMRVYHUGHVHQHOTXH)HUQDQGROHFXHQWDDËxLJRVX
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OXFORD | 15
LEYENDAS

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16 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

Actividades

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OXFORD | 17
LEYENDAS

Valoración crítica y conclusión


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18 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

Actividades

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OXFORD | 19
LEYENDAS

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20 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

Notas bibliográficas
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OXFORD | 21
LEYENDAS

Otros recursos de Internet


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22 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

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OXFORD | 23
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24 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

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OXFORD | 25
LEYENDAS

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26 | OXFORD
GUÍA DE LECTURA

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OXFORD | 27
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