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Fisicasantillana PDF
Fisicasantillana PDF
FÍSICA
La energía en el mundo
cotidiano y en el universo físico.
Energías eléctrica y térmica.
Termodinámica.
Fabián G. Díaz
María Cristina Iglesias
Francisco López Arriazu
Gabriel D. Serafini
ES 4.º año
FÍSICA
LA ENERGÍA EN EL MUNDO COTIDIANO Y EN EL UNIVERSO
FÍSICO. ENERGÍAS ELÉCTRICA Y TÉRMICA. TERMODINÁMICA.
Saber clave
RECURSOS PARA EL DOCENTE
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13
QBOUBOPT
EFMBTDVBMFTBMHVOBTFTUÈOBNFOB[BEBTZPUSBTFO
QFMJHSPTFSJPEFFYUJODJØO 5 La energía y los circuitos eléctricos
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III eléctrica 5. "VORVFMBSFTQVFTUBFTBCJFSUB
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1. &TUBBDUJWJEBEUJFOFDPNPQSPQØTJUPJOEBHBSBDFSDBEFMBTJEFBT BMVNOPTMBSFMBDJPOFODPOFMEFTQMB[BNJFOUPEFMPTFMFDUSPOFT
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OFDFTBSJBQBSBFMUSBOTQPSUFEFFMFDUSJDJEBE&OFMDBQÓUVMPTF Página 109
FYQMJDBRVFMBTDFOUSBMFTEFCFODPOTUSVJSTFFOMPTMVHBSFTNÈT 6. $PNP FM UBORVF EF BHVB TF FODVFOUSB FO FM ÞMUJNP QJTP EFM
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OBDPSSJFOUFEFBHVBTVGJDJFOUFNFOUFJNQPSUBOUFMBTOVDMFBSFT
NBZPS RVF MB RVF IBZ IBTUB FM RVJOUP &OUPODFT
UFOJFOEP FO
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MBJOUFOTJEBEEFMDIPSSPEFMBDBOJMMBFOFM
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QPSTVBMUPOJWFM EFQBSUBNFOUPEFMTFHVOEPQJTPTFSÈNBZPSRVFMBEFMRVJOUP
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EFTEFMVFHP
NVDIBTEJGFSFODJBTFTFODJBMFT&TQPTJCMFRVF
EFCFUSBOTQPSUBSTFBUSBWÏTEFHSBOEFTEJTUBODJBT MPTDIJDPTNFODJPOFO
BMNFOPT
FTUBTUSFTRVFFOVOPDJSDVMB
BHVBZFOFMPUSP
FMFDUSPOFTRVFFOFMNPEFMPIJESÈVMJDPOPFT
2. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&TBMUBNFOUFQSPCBCMFRVFUPEPTMPTBMVNOPT OFDFTBSJPDPOGJHVSBSVODJSDVJUPDFSSBEPDPNPFOFMDBTPFMÏDUSJ-
DPJODJEBO FO RVF MB EFNBOEB EF FOFSHÓB FMÏDUSJDB FT
FGFDUJWB- DP
Z RVF FM NPEFMP IJESÈVMJDP NPTUSBEP iEVSBw QPDP UJFNQP
NFOUF
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DJØOTPDJBM
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MBUFOTJØOEFMBQJMBTFEJWJEFFOEPTQBS-
OVNFSPTBTMBTBQMJDBDJPOFTEFFTUBGPSNBEFFOFSHÓBRVFFMMPOPT UFT1PSFTP
MBTMÈNQBSBTTFFODJFOEFODPONFOPSJOUFOTJEBE
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de esas aplicaciones. QBSBTTFFODVFOUSBOCBKPMBUPUBMJEBEEFMBUFOTJØO
QPSFTPMBT
EPTTFFODJFOEFODPOJHVBMJOUFOTJEBE
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TFJN- b) &OFMDJSDVJUPFOTFSJF
TJTFRVJUBVOBEFMBTMÈNQBSBT
MBPUSB
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723
d) &OMPTDVBUSPDBTPTMBTGMFDIBTEFCFOJOEJDBSFMTFOUJEPEFMB SFT V PUSPT EJTQPTJUJWPT
RVF FT QSPCBCMF RVF OP DPOP[DBO FO
DPSSJFOUFRVFTBMFEFMUFSNJOBMOFHBUJWPEFMBQJMBZWBIBDJBFM profundidad.
QPTJUJWP
4. $POTJEFSBOEPMPPDVSSJEPDPO5PQTZ
MBGSBTFEF&EJTPOSFTVMUB
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MVFHP
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UJWBSFMFMFDUSPJNÈOEFMBTHSÞBT1BSBFMMPFMPQFSBSJPEFMBHSÞB OJSEFVOBQFSTPOBEJTUJOUBBMBRVFQBSUJDJQØFOMBFMFDUSPDV-
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FT KVFHPFOMBiHVFSSBEFMBTDPSSJFOUFTw
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15
&TQPTJCMFRVFBMHVOPUBNCJÏOTF×BMFSB[POFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPO Potencia
MBQSPZFDDJØOQFSTPOBM de la máquina 2.200
(watts)
Página 121 Energía
6. &MQSPQØTJUPEFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTQJFOTFORVF
entregada por
BEFNÈTEFMBTSB[POFTUPQPHSÈGJDBT
BWFDFTFTQPTJCMFRVFIBZB la máquina
SFTJTUFODJBTPDJBMBMUFOEJEPEFDBCMFT
ZBRVFFMMPHFOFSBBMUFSB- (joules)
DJPOFT JOEFTFBEBT FO FM QBJTBKF *ODMVTP TF QVTJFSPO FO KVFHP
WBMPSFTDVMUVSBMFTNVZBSSBJHBEPTFOMBTQPCMBDJPOFTJOWPMVDSB- 14. a
/PFTEJGÓDJMMPDBMJ[BSFMNFEJEPSEFFMFDUSJDJEBEEFDBEBDBTB4J
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EFDPSSJFOUFTJOUFOTBT b) -BSFDPNFOEBDJØOEFRVFMBFYQFSJFODJBEFPCTFSWBDJØOTFSFB-
MJDFDPOFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPEFVOBQFSTPOBNBZPSTFEFCFBM
Página 129 FWFOUVBMSJFTHPEFMBTUFOTJPOFTFOKVFHP 7
%FUPEPTNP-
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BDMBSBNPTRVFTJOPTFUPDBOBEB
OPIBZSJFTHP
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TF
UÈ&MEFTFQUJFNCSFEF1BSBHVBZZ"SHFOUJOBMMFHBSPOB MPTQVFEFDPOFDUBSEFBVOPQPSWF[ EFTDPOFDUBOEPUPEPTMPT
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DJEBE
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Página 131 FKFSDJDJP FT RVF FM BMVNOP TF GBNJMJBSJDF DPO MPT EBUPT EF MB
8. &TFTQFSBCMFRVFMPTWBMPSFTPCUFOJEPTQFSNJUBORVFMPTBMVNOPT GBDUVSBEFMBFNQSFTBQSPWFFEPSBEFFMFDUSJDJEBE
QVFEBOSFBMJ[BSMPTDÈMDVMPTRVFTFQSPQPOFOFOFTUBBDUJWJEBE
15. "RVÓ UBNCJÏO TF JOUFOUB RVF FM BMVNOP TF GBNJMJBSJDF DPO MB
9. %F OJOHVOB NBOFSB &T NVZ JNQPSUBOUF RVF UPEB WF[ RVF TF GBDUVSB EF MB FNQSFTB QSPWFFEPSB EF FMFDUSJDJEBE : RVF
FO
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FM DJSDVJUP DBTPEFEFUFDUBSBMHVOBBOPNBMÓB
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Página 133 JOWFTUJHBDJØO
11. 4FUSBUB
EFTEFMVFHP
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NF-
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BMVNOPTFOMPTRVFQVFEBOSFGMFYJPOBSZFYQSFTBSTVTEJGFSFOUFT UBDJØO NBHOÏUJDB
UBNCJÏO MMBNBEP maglev por sus iniciales
QPTJDJPOFTTPCSFFMUFNB FOJOHMÏT-PTUSFOFTmaglev EDSQPTFFOJNBOFTFOMPTWBHPOFT
Z FMFDUSPJNBOFT FO MPT DBSSJMFTHVÓB QBSB DPOTFHVJS MB MFWJUB-
12. "DUJWJEBEBCJFSUB&MQSPQØTJUPFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTBDUÞFODPNP DJØO$VBOEPFMUSFOBWBO[B
MBEJTUBODJBFOUSFFMWFIÓDVMPZFM
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QSPEVDFVOBGVFS[BEFSFQVMTJØODPOMPTJNBOFTJOTUBMBEPTFO
Páginas 134 y 135 MPTWBHPOFT
13. -PT WBMPSFT TPMJDJUBEPT TF PCUJFOFO BQMJDBOEP MBT GØSNVMBT
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723
QSFTFOUBEBT FO FM DBQÓUVMP 6OB WF[ DPNQMFUBEB
MB UBCMB 19.&OUSFMBTTJUVBDJPOFTRVFNVFTUSBORVFMPTDJFOUÓGJDPTTPO
DPNP
RVFEBBTÓ FO PUSBT QSPGFTJPOFT
BGFDUBEPT QPS DPOGMJDUPT F JOUFSFTFT NVZ
EJWFSTPT
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Máquina Máquina Máquina Máquina TFSFMBUBFOMBIJTUPSJBJOJDJBMEFFTUFDBQÓUVMP
MPTRVFQSFGJFSFO
Nº 1 Nº 2 N° 3 N° 4
JHOPSBSMPRVFPDVSSFDPOFMDPMUÈOZMPTRVFQBSUJDJQBSPOFOMB
Tensión
220 110 110 GBCSJDBDJØOEFMBTQSJNFSBTCPNCBTBUØNJDBT DBQÓUVMP
&TQP-
(volts)
TJCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTDPOP[DBOPUSBTTJUVBDJPOFTQBSBFOSJRVF-
Intensidad
de corriente 10 DFSFTUBFOVNFSBDJØO
(amperes)
20. -PTBSHVNFOUPTRVFTFFTHSJNFOFODPOUSBEFMBTBDUJWJEBEFTEF
Tiempo de
BNCBTNJOBTTFDFOUSBOFOFMJNQBDUPBNCJFOUBM1PSFKFNQMP
funcionamiento
(segundos) MPTQPCMBEPSFTEF7JT7JTZ"NBOBPEFOVODJBSPOBMBFNQSFTB
16
.JOFSB-B"MVNCSFSBQPSQPTJCMFTGJMUSBDJPOFTFOVOEJRVFEFMB MPTUFSNØNFUSPT BOBMØHJDPTZEJHJUBMFT
PEFTFOTPSFTEFUFN-
DPNQB×ÓB
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OBNJFOUP EF BMHVOPT SÓPT MB DPOUBNJOBDJØO EFM SÓP "NBOBP DPOPDJNJFOUP CÈTJDP BDFSDB EF DØNP TPO Z EF RVÏ NBOFSB
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Página 147
6. a) &OFMSFDJQJFOUFUBQBEPDPOFMOBJMPOOFHSPMBUFNQFSBUVSB
Sección La energía BVNFOUBNÈTSÈQJEP
IV térmica b) &M OBJMPO OFHSP BCTPSCF UPEBT MBT SBEJBDJPOFT &TUP IBDF
RVF TF BQSPWFDIF VOB QSPQPSDJØO NBZPS EF FOFSHÓB RVF
Página 141 DPO FM USBOTQBSFOUF
RVF SFGMFKB QBSUF EF MBT SBEJBDJPOFT
1. "DUJWJEBEEFSFTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&MPCKFUJWPEFFTUBQSFHVOUBFT JODJEFOUFT
RVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOFYQSFTBSTVQSFDPODFQDJPOFTBDFSDBEF
MPTDPODFQUPTGÓTJDPTEFDBMPSZUFNQFSBUVSB&TUBFYQMJDJUBDJØO 7. a) &MUJFNQPFTMBWBSJBCMFJOEFQFOEJFOUFZMBUFNQFSBUVSBFO
QPESÈSFTVMUBSÞUJMBMEPDFOUFQBSBSFDPOPDFSBRVFMMPTBTQFDUPT DBEBJOTUBOUFFTMBWBSJBCMFEFQFOEJFOUF
RVFEFCFSÈOTPNFUFSTFBDPOGMJDUPEFNPEPRVFMFTQFSNJUBB b) -PTHSÈGJDPTDPOTUSVJEPTQPSMPTBMVNOPTEFQFOEFSÈOEFMPT
MPTBMVNOPTSFTJHOJGJDBSFTUBTJEFBT WBMPSFTNFEJEPT$BEBDVSWBTFWFSÈDPNPFMFKFNQMPEFMB
figura.
2. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&TUBFTPUSBBDUJWJEBEEFJEFBTQSFWJBTRVF
QFSNJUJSÈ UFOFS VO iNBQFPw EF MPT NPEFMPT RVF MPT BMVNOPT
TVTUFOUBOBDFSDBEFMBTGPSNBTEFUSBOTGFSFODJBEFDBMPS&OMPT
80
DBQÓUVMPTZTFFYQMJDBOFTUPTQSPDFTPTFOTJTUFNBTNBUFSJBMFT
ZFOTFSFTWJWPT
70
3. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB5BMWF[EFB×PTBOUFSJPSFTMPTBMVNOPTPEF
JEFBTRVFQVFEFOIBCFSFTDVDIBEPPMFÓEPMPTBMVNOPTBGJS- 60
NFORVFMPTZBDBSÏTTPOBOJNBMFTEFiTBOHSFGSÓBw&OFMDBQÓ-
Temperatura (ºC)
UVMPTFEBSÈOQSFDJTJPOFTBDFSDBEFFTUBÞMUJNBDMBTJGJDBDJØO 50
Z EF MPT SFDVSTPT EF SFHVMBDJØO EF UFNQFSBUVSB FO MPT TFSFT
WJWPT 40
5. 5BMWF[MPTBMVNOPTOPSFDPOP[DBOUPEBTMBTBEBQUBDJPOFTRVF
10
QPTFFOMPTPTPTQPMBSFTQFSPFMQSPQØTJUPEFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFT
RVF FMMPT JOUFOUFO SFDPOFSMBT B QBSUJS EFM JOUFSDBNCJP EF
0
ideas. 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Tiempo (minutos)
7 Los intercambios de energía
Página 142
1. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&TUBQSFHVOUBUJFOFDPNPQSPQØTJUPJOEB-
HBSMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPTQSFWJPTEFMPTBMVNOPTBDFSDBEFMDBMPS
ZMBMV[ 8. a) 4FFTQFSBRVFMBMBUBTJOQJOUBSTFFOGSÓFNÈTSÈQJEP
MPRVF
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DPOVOBUFNQFSBUVSBEF
$
b) -BTDBOUJEBEFTEFDBMPSOPTPOJHVBMFTQPSRVFMBWBSJBDJØO
EFUFNQFSBUVSBTUBNQPDPMPFT
IguBMBOEPOPTRVFEB
22.4BCFNPTRVF 2 ⋅ mP ⋅ g ⋅ h ⋅ n
$' 2 ⋅ mP ⋅ g ⋅ h ⋅ n = c ⋅ mA ⋅ ΔT ⇒ ΔT =
100$' c ⋅ mA
$PNPMBTSFMBDJPOFTFOUSFMBTUFNQFSBUVSBTFO' 5'
ZMBTUFN- ReeNQMB[BOEPMPTWBMPSFTOVNÏSJDPT
QFSBUVSBT FO $ 5$
TPO MJOFBMFT
BQMJDBNPT MB FDVBDJØO EF MB
SFDUBRVFQBTBQPSEPTQVOUPT
100 ºC ºC
9 ºF ΔT = 7,03 ºC
TF = ⋅ T + 32º
5 ºC C
-BUFNQFSBUVSBTFNPEJGJDB
$
BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF
-BFDVBDJØOPCUFOJEBFTMBFYQSFTJØORVFQFSNJUFIBMMBSMBUFN- b) 1MBOUFBNPTMBJHVBMEBEZEFTQFKBNPTI
QFSBUVSBFOHSBEPT'BISFOIFJUDPOPDJFOEPTVWBMPSFOHSBEPT
$FMTJVT c ⋅ mA ⋅ ΔT
2 ⋅ mP ⋅ g ⋅ h ⋅ n = c ⋅ mA ⋅ ΔT ⇒ h =
2 ⋅ mP ⋅ g ⋅ n
23.1BSBBWFSJHVBSTJFTVOEÓBGSÓPPDBMVSPTP
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22
OPFTQPTJCMFFMNPWJNJFOUPQFSQFUVP
QPSRVFQBSUFEFMB
4,18 J ⋅ 2.000 g ⋅ 1 ºC
g⋅ºC FOFSHÓB DBMØSJDB FOUSFHBEB OP TF QVFEF BQSPWFDIBS QBSB
h=
2 ⋅ 10 kg ⋅ 9,8 m ⋅ 40 SFBMJ[BSUSBCBKPNFDÈOJDP
s2 b) "VOTJMBNÈRVJOBSFBMJ[BSBUSBCBKPTPCSFTÓNJTNBTFSÓBJN-
8.360 J QPTJCMFDPOTFHVJSFMNPWJNJFOUPQFSQFUVP
QVFTBNFEJEB
h=
7.840 N RVFTFNPWJFSBJSÓBiEFHSBEBOEPwFOFSHÓB
h = 1064
, m
El SFDJQJFOUFEFCFUFOFSVOBBMUVSBBQSPYJNBEBEF
N Página 206
8. a) &MPCKFUJWPEFMBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTJOWFTUJHVFO
c) 1PSRVFOPTFDPOTJEFSØFMGMVKPEFDBMPSIBDJBFMFYUFSJPS
FT BDFSDB EF MBT BQMJDBDJPOFT
MPT BMDBODFT Z MBT MJNJUBDJPOFT
EFDJS
RVFOPUPEBMBDBOUJEBEEFDBMPSTFVUJMJ[ØFOFMFWBSMB UÏDOJDBTSFGFSJEBTBMBUFSNPEJOÈNJDB4FFTQFSBRVFPCTFS-
UFNQFSBUVSBEFMBHVBTJOPRVFVOBQBSUFTBMJØEFMTJTUFNB WFOVOBOPUBCMFEJTNJOVDJØOEFFOFSHÓBNFDÈOJDB
b) ¶EFNBOUFSJPS&MNPUPSQJFSEFDPNQSFTJØOZ
QPSMPUBOUP
DFEF
27."NFEJEBRVFFMNFUFPSJUPFOUSBFODPOUBDUPDPOFMBJSFEFMB DBMPSBMBNCJFOUF
DPOMPRVFEJTNJOVZFTVSFOEJNJFOUP
BUNØTGFSB
BVNFOUBTVUFNQFSBUVSB
EFCJEPBMSP[BNJFOUPDPO
FMBJSF&MFGFDUPEFFTUBGVFS[BEFGSJDDJØOIBDFRVFEJTNJOVZB Página 209
TVWFMPDJEBE4FDVNQMFFMQSJNFSQSJODJQJPQPSRVFFMBNCJFOUF 9. a) &M QSPQØTJUP EF FTUB BDUJWJEBE FT RVF MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO
BUNØTGFSB
SFBMJ[B USBCBKP TPCSF FM TJTUFNB NFUFPSJUP
Z FTUF DPNQSFOEFSDPONBZPSDMBSJEBEDVÈMFTFMTFOUJEPEFDBMDV-
BVNFOUBTVUFNQFSBUVSB lar el indicador de la huella ecológica, ampliando la infor-
NBDJØOBDFSDBEFMPTGBDUPSFTRVFMPEFGJOFO
28. %FMQSJNFSQSJODJQJPEFMBUFSNPEJOÈNJDB b) &TUPJNQMJDBRVFMB"SHFOUJOBUJFOFVOTVQFSÈWJUEFSFDVSTPT
SFTQFDUPEFMDPOTVNP
NJFOUSBTRVF&TQB×BQPTFFVOEÏGJ-
Q = ΔU + W DJU&TUBDPODMVTJØOQVFEFBDPNQB×BSTFEFMBSFGMFYJØOBDFS-
se desprende que si Q = W ⇒ ΔU = Q − W = 0 DBEFMDVJEBEPEFFTUPTSFDVSTPTFOFSHÏUJDPTZBNCJFOUBMFT
&TUP TJHOJGJDB RVF MB FOFSHÓB JOUFSOB QFSNBOFDF DPOTUBOUF
ZB QBSBNFKPSBSOVFTUSBDBMJEBEEFWJEB
RVFUPEPFMDBMPSBCTPSCJEPTFVTBQBSBSFBMJ[BSUSBCBKP
Página 211
10. a
"MPTQPDPTTFHVOEPTBQBSFDJFSPOMPTQSJNFSPTSBTUSPTEFDP-
10 Procesos reversibles e irreversibles MPSBOUF-VFHPEFBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFVONJOVUPZNFEJP
QPS
VODPTUBEPEFMWBTPTFWJFSPOMÓOFBTEFDPMPSBOUFFOGPSNBEF
Página 200 GMVKPEFTDFOEFOUF1PSFMGFOØNFOPEFFRVJMJCSJPUÏSNJDP
IB-
1. "DUJWJEBE BCJFSUB -B SFTQVFTUB B FTUB BDUJWJEBE EFQFOEFSÈ EF DJBFMGJOBMEFMBFYQFSJFODJBMBUFNQFSBUVSBUJFOEFBTJUVBSTF
las relaciones que los alumnos puedan hacer con lo aprendido FOWBMPSFTDFSDBOPTBMBUFNQFSBUVSBBNCJFOUF
FOFMDBQÓUVMPBOUFSJPSSFTQFDUPEFMBTUSBOTGFSFODJBTEFDBMPS b) &O MB FYQFSJFODJB DPO BHVB UJCJB TF SFBMJ[BSPO MPT NJTNPT
QSPDFEJNJFOUPTRVFFOFMQBTPBOUFSJPS$VBOEPTFJOUSPEV-
2. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOSFMBDJPOBSMBTNÈRVJOBTUÏS- KPFMIJFMP
FMDPMPSBOUFFNQF[ØBCBKBSEFNBOFSBDBTJJOT-
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3. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUBRVFEFQFOEFEFMPTQSPDFTPTRVFMPTBMVNOPT c) &OFTUFDBTPPDVSSJØBMHPTJNJMBSQFSPEFNBOFSBNÈTCSVT-
QVFEBO SFDPOPDFS DPNP iÞUJMFTw QBSB QPTUFSJPSFT BQMJDBDJPOFT DBFMDPMPSBOUFEFTDFOEJØFOGPSNBEFGMVKPUVSCVMFOUPQPS
UFDOPMØHJDBT MBTQBSFEFTEFMWBTPEFQSFDJQJUBEPZTFEJGVOEJØNÈTSÈQJEP
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Página 203 WBEBRVFFOMPTDBTPTBOUFSJPSFT
4. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFDPOP[DBO RVF TJFNQSF QBSUF EFM
DBMPS GMVZF IBDJB FM BNCJFOUF /P UPEB MB FOFSHÓB DBMØSJDB TF 11. "MJOUSPEVDJSFMIJFMPFOFMBHVB
FTUBDFEJØDBMPSBMIJFMPIBTUB
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Página 204 UF
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5. &TUBBDUJWJEBETFTVHJFSFDPOFMQSPQØTJUPEFFWBMVBSFMOJWFMEF FTUFDBTPOPTFSFBMJ[BUSBCBKPNFDÈOJDP
EFNPEPRVF
QPSMB
DPNQSFOTJØO EF MPT BMVNOPT EF MPT UFNBT USBCBKBEPT FO FTUB QSJNFSBMFZEFMBUFSNPEJOÈNJDB
UPEPFMDBMPSRVFBCTPSCJFSPO
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723
QÈHJOB-BTSFTQVFTUBTQVFEFOTFSNVZWBSJBEBT FMIJFMPZFMBHVBBVNFOUØMBFOFSHÓBJOUFSOBEFMTJTUFNB
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BVNFOUØ
6. .JFOUSBTFMQJBOPFTUÈDPMHBEPQPTFFFOFSHÓBQPUFODJBMHSBWJUB- TV UFNQFSBUVSB Z DBNCJØ BM FTUBEP MÓRVJEP &O FM DBNCJP EF
UPSJB
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ZFODBMPS JOUFSQSFUBSMPTUSFTDBTPTFOGVODJØOEFFTUBJEFB
EFCJEPBMBGSJDDJØODPOFMBJSF
&TUFQSPDFTPFTJSSFWFSTJCMF
t $POFMBHVBGSÓBFMDPMPSBOUFOPTFEJMVZØQPSDPNQMFUP
ZBRVFMBFOFSHÓBEJTJQBEBFOGPSNBEFDBMPSOPTFQVFEFSF- t "MVUJMJ[BSTFBHVBUJCJBFMDPMPSBOUFTFEJMVZØQFSPMFOUBNFOUF
DVQFSBSQBSBSFBMJ[BSUSBCBKP t $VBOEP TF VUJMJ[Ø BHVB IJSWJFOEP FM DPMPSBOUF TF EJMVZØ
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Página 205 NFEJBUP
7. a) %FBDVFSEPDPOFMTFHVOEPQSJODJQJPEFMBUFSNPEJOÈNJDB EstPTFQVFEFFYQMJDBSBGJSNBOEPRVFMBFOUSPQÓBGVFNVDIP
23
NBZPS DVBOUP NÈT HSBOEF GVF MB EJGFSFODJB EF UFNQFSBUVSBT
b) &MUSBCBKPSFBMJ[BEPTFSÈJHVBMBMÈSFBFOUSFMPTMÓNJUFTEFMB
DPNPMPQSFEJDFMBTFHVOEBMFZEFMBUFSNPEJOÈNJDB FWPMVDJØO$PNPMBGJHVSBEFUFSNJOBEBFTVOSFDUÈOHVMP
W =b⋅a
Página 213
W = (3 m3 − 1 m3 ) ⋅ (15 atm − 5 atm) = 2 m3 ⋅ 10 atm
12. a) &M QSPQØTJUP EF FTUB BDUJWJEBE FT RVF MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO
FYQMJDBS FM QSJODJQJP EF GVODJPOBNJFOUP EF VOB IFMBEFSB $PNPBUN)QBQB
NBHOÏUJDB4FQSPQPOFFWBMVBSMPTOJWFMFTEFDPNQSFOTJØO W = 2 m3 ⋅ 101.300 pa
EFFTFGVODJPOBNJFOUP W = 202.600 J
b) 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOJEFOUJGJDBSRVFFTVOQSP- c) 4F USBUB EF VO QSPDFTP SFWFSTJCMF $PNP TF PCTFSWB FO FM
DFTPSFWFSTJCMF HSÈGJDP
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c) &M QSPDFTP EF FOGSJBNJFOUP NBHOÏUJDP TF BTPDJB DPO MB medio de un ciclo cerrado.
FOUSPQÓB QPSRVF
B MP MBSHP EF UPEP FM DJDMP
MB FOUSPQÓB
EJTNJOVZF
ZBVNFOUBDPOMPTDBNCJPTEFUFNQFSBUVSB
d) &O MPT QSPDFTPT EF FOGSJBNJFOUP TF NPEJGJDB MB FOUSPQÓB
18. -BUFNQFSBUVSBEFMBJSFTVCFQPSRVFFTUFBCTPSCFDBMPSEFMWB-
UBOUPMBEFMPCKFUPRVFDFEFDBMPSDPNPMBEFBRVFMPBRVF- QPSRVFDPNJFO[BBDPOEFOTBSTF
MMPTRVFMPBCTPSCFO
19. 1PSFMQSJNFSQSJODJQJPEFMBUFSNPEJOÈNJDBTFDVNQMFRVF
Páginas 214 y 215
13. a)Zb)&MPCKFUJWPEFMBBDUJWJEBEFTBOBMJ[BSMBFWPMVDJØOEFMPT Q = ΔU + W
BVUPNØWJMFT Z DPNQBSBS MPT EFTBSSPMMPT UÏDOJDPT EF EJGFSFOUFT $PNP28 ⇒ ΔU = 0
ÏQPDBT
SFUPNBOEPMBFYQPTJDJØOIJTUØSJDBRVFBCSJØFMDBQÓUVMP El QSPDFTPFTJTPUÏSNJDP
-PTEJTF×PTEFMPTDVBESPTZMPTEBUPTRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBO
PCUFOFSQVFEFOTFSNVZWBSJBEPT 20. a) -BUFNQFSBUVSBEFTDJFOEF$QPSDBEBLJMØNFUSPRVFBT-
DJFOEF
QPSMPUBOUP
14. a) /PFTBEJBCÈUJDPQPSRVFFMBDFSPJOPYJEBCMFOPFTVONBUF- ºC
SJBMBEJBCÈUJDP
FTEFDJS
EFCBKPDPFGJDJFOUFEFDPOEVDUJWJ- ΔT = 10 ⋅ 1950
, km = 19,5 ºC
km
EBEUÏSNJDB
b) 4Ó
FT QPTJCMF TVQPOFS RVF FM TJTUFNB BCTPSCF DBMPS EFM $PNPMBUFNQFSBUVSBTFSÈ$o
$
$
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$
b) -BUFNQFSBUVSBEFTDJFOEFEFCJEPBRVFFTVOBFYQBOTJØO
15. a) Z b) -BBEWFSUFODJBUJFOFRVFWFSDPOEPTDVFTUJPOFT BEJBCÈUJDB
t 1PSRVFFMNBUFSJBMRVFDPOUJFOFFTJOGMBNBCMF
t 1PSRVF BM FTUBS FO VO SFDJQJFOUF DFSSBEP IFSNÏUJDBNFOUF 21. t 4JMBTUFNQFSBUVSBTEFMBGVFOUFDBMJFOUFZMBGVFOUFGSÓBTPOEF
BVNFOUBMBQSFTJØOQFSPOPTFQVFEFEJMBUBSFMSFDJQJFOUF ,Z$,
OPTPQPSUBMBQSFTJØOZFOUPODFTQVFEFFTUBMMBS
Tc − Tf
ε=
16. a) &TVOBFWPMVDJØOJTPNÏUSJDB
QPSRVFBMFOUSFHBSMFBMTJTUFNB Tc
DBOUJEBEFT QFRVF×BT EF DBMPS MB UFNQFSBUVSB QFSNBOFDF
QSÈDUJDBNFOUFJOWBSJBOUF 450 K − 273 K
b) 1PSMBMFZEF#PZMFTFDVNQMFRVF ε= = 0,39
450 K
p ⋅ V = constante EMSFOEJNJFOUPUFØSJDPEFMBNÈRVJOBFTEFBMSFEFEPSEFM
p 1 ⋅ V1 = p 2 ⋅ V2 t 4JMBTUFNQFSBUVSBTTPOJHVBMFT
1 m3 ⋅ 1.013 hpa = V2 ⋅ 950 hpa 450 K − 450 K
ε= =0
DesQFKBOEPOPTRVFEB 450 K
1 m3 ⋅ 1.013 hpa 4JOPIBZEJGFSFODJBEFUFNQFSBUVSB
OPTFFYQFSJNFOUBFM
V2 = GMVKPEFDBMPS
950 hpa
V2 = 107
, hpa
22.&MPCKFUJWPEFMBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTFODVFOUSFOTJNJ-
c) 1PSMBMFZEF#PZMFTFDVNQMFRVF MJUVEFTZEJGFSFODJBTFOUSFMBMFZEFFOGSJBNJFOUPEF/FXUPOZMB
JEFBEFEFTPSEFOPEFHSBEBDJØOEFMBFOFSHÓB
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723
p ⋅ V = constante
p 1 ⋅ V1 = p 2 ⋅ V2 23. "MBVNFOUBSMBFOFSHÓBEFMBNCJFOUF
UBNCJÏOTFJODSFNFOUBMB
3
1 m ⋅ 1.013 hpa = V2 ⋅ 950 hpa FOUSPQÓB&TUPTFQVFEFKVTUJGJDBSNFEJBOUFFMTFHVOEPQSJODJQJP
EFMBUFSNPEJOÈNJDB
DesQFKBOEPOPTRVFEB
24. &TUBFTVOBBDUJWJEBEBCJFSUB
DVZBGJOBMJEBEFTRVFMPTBMVNOPT
1 m3 ⋅ 1.013 hpa QVFEBO WJODVMBS MBT DVFTUJPOFT SFGFSJEBT B MB HFOFSBDJØO EF
p2 =
2 m3 FOFSHÓB
MBFOUSPQÓBZMBTNPEJGJDBDJPOFTFOFMBNCJFOUF
p 2 = 506,5 hpa
25.&MQSPQØTJUPEFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOBSHV-
17. a) -BFWPMVDJØO"FTUÈDPNQVFTUBQPSVOQSPDFTPJTPNÏUSJDPZ NFOUBSBDFSDBEFMBJNQPTJCJMJEBEEFMNPWJNJFOUPQFSQFUVP
EF
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24