Sistemas complejos.

Tarea 1

Isaac David /<isacdaavid@isacdaavid.info/>

2018-01-30

2.
1 ⇔ 2𝑛𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ (2𝑛 + 1)𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = {
−1 ⇔ (2𝑛 + 1)𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ (2𝑛 + 2)𝜋

En términos de la serie de Fourier:

∞
1 𝑎 ⎡ 1 𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑥 1 𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑥 ⎤
2𝑎 ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∑ ⎢⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝑓(𝑥) = ⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟ ( 𝑎 ∫−𝑎 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎 )) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑎 ) + (
𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎 ∫−𝑎 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝑎 )) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝑎 )⎥
⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝑛=1
𝑓0 ⎣ 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑛 ⎦

Por integración de funciones impares (𝑓(𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑛𝜋𝑥

𝑎 ) y 𝑓(𝑥)) en un intervalo simétrico ([−𝑎, 𝑎]):

∞
⎡ 𝑛𝜋𝑥 1 𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑥 ⎤
𝑓(𝑥) = 0⏟ + ∑ ⎢(0)
⏟ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑎 )) + ( 𝑎 ∫−𝑎 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝑎 )) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝑎 )⎥
⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝑓0 𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛
⎣ 𝑏𝑛 ⎦

∞
1 𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ ( 𝑎 ∫−𝑎 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝑎 )) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (
⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟ )
𝑛=1
𝑎
𝑏𝑛

Consideremos el intervalo [−𝑎, 𝑎] = [−𝜋, 𝜋], que incluye un ciclo/periodo completo de 𝑓(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝜋𝑥/𝜋) para cualquier
𝑛. Entonces:

∞
1 𝜋 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ ( 𝜋 ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝜋 )) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (
⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟ )
𝑛=1
𝜋
𝑏𝑛

∞
0 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ 𝜋1 (∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥 (−1)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥) + ∫0 𝑑𝑥 (+1)𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥)) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥)
𝑛=1
⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝑏𝑛

∞
1 1 1 0 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ ⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝜋 ( 𝑛 [𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑛𝑥)]−𝜋 − 𝑛 [𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑛𝑥)]0 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥)
𝑛=1
𝑏𝑛

∞
1
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ ⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝑛𝜋 (𝑐𝑜𝑠(0) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝑛𝜋) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑛𝜋) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0)) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥)
𝑛=1 𝑏𝑛

∞
1
𝑛𝜋 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠(0) − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑛𝜋)) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ ⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝑛=1 𝑏𝑛

1
 ∞
1
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ ⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝑛𝜋 (2 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑛𝜋)) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥)
𝑛=1 𝑏𝑛

∞
1 2−2 ⇔ 𝑛 par
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑛𝜋 ({ ) 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥)
𝑛=1
2 + 2 ⇔
⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟𝑛 impar
𝑏𝑛

∞
0 ⇔ 𝑛 par
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ { 4
𝑛=1 𝑛𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑥) ⇔ 𝑛 impar

4 4 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 0⏟ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 0 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 0 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(5𝑥) + ...
𝑓 𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋
0