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Molienda SAG Operación, Mantención y Control, Luis Magne PDF
Molienda SAG Operación, Mantención y Control, Luis Magne PDF
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16
14
12
10
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Diámetro efectivo del molino, pies
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caída despegue 5
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Y [cm]
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65% v.c.
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Diámetro del molino 300 [mm]
diámetro de bola 10 [mm]
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ángulo de ataque 90º
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Diámetro del molino 300 [mm]
45º, 10 mm
diámetro de bola 10 [mm]
altura levantador 10 [mm] -10
45º, 20 mm Diámetro del molino 300 [mm]
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velocidad de giro 75% vel. crit. diámetro de bola 10 [mm]
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0
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% de la velocidad crí tica % de la velocidad crí tica
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normal hindered impact
25 25
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55% crit. speed 20
Lifter height, mm
Lifter height, mm
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Width, mm Width, mm
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20 20
Lifter height, mm
Lifter height, mm
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5 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Width, mm Width, mm
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Lifter height, mm
Lifter height, mm
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10 10
5 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
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Lifter height, mm
Lifter height, mm
20 55% crit. speed 20
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10 10
5 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Width, mm Width, mm
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Lifter height, mm
Lifter height, mm
20 20
65% crit. speed
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10 10
5 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Width, mm Width, mm
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Lifter height, mm
75% crit. speed
Lifter height, mm
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Width, mm Width, mm
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Lifter height, mm
Lifter height, mm
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0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
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Lifter height, mm
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55% crit. speed
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Lifter height, mm
Lifter height, mm
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65% crit. speed
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Lifter height, mm
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75% crit. speed
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0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Width, mm Width, mm
25 25
Lifter height, mm
Lifter height, mm
20 20
5 5
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0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
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ODHYDFXDFLyQGHSXOSDPHGLDQWHORVSXOSOLIWHUV
8WLOL]DQGR ODV HFXDFLRQHV \ VH REWLHQH OD VLJXLHQWH H[SUHVLyQ SDUD OD
GHVFULSFLyQPDWHPiWLFDGHODFiPDUDGHPROLHQGD
* i -1
= - P (1 - ci ) wi - K i wi - (K i - K i ) ∑ wk + f i
dwi
dt W k =1
FODVLILFDFLyQ XQR GHELGR D OD SDUULOOD GHO PROLQR \ HO RWUR GHELGR DO VLVWHPD GH SXOS²
OLIWHUVRDO]DGRUHVGHSXOSD
(QWpUPLQRVGHORVIOXMRVGHOFLUFXLWRILFWLFLRDOLQWHULRUGHOPROLQRODHILFLHQFLDGH
FODVLILFDFLyQVHSXHGHH[SUHVDUFRPR
pi
1 − ci =
pi*
'RQGH S
L \ SL VRQ ORV IOXMRV SRU WDPDxRV HQ OD DOLPHQWDFLyQ \ EDMRWDPDxR GHO
FODVLILFDGRUHQWK6HJ~QHOSiUUDIRDQWHULRUVXSRQLHQGRTXHODFiPDUDGHOPROLQRVH
FRPSRUWD FRPR XQ UHDFWRU SHUIHFWDPHQWH PH]FODGR S
L VH UHODFLRQD FRQ OD PDVD SRU
WDPDxRVGHODFDUJDLQWHUQDDWUDYpVGHODVLJXLHQWHUHODFLyQ
P*
pi* = wi
W
GHHVWDIRUPD
W pi
1 − ci =
P * wi
/D )LJXUD PXHVWUD OD IRUPD WtSLFD GH OD FXUYD GH FODVLILFDFLyQ GH OD SDUULOOD
LQWHUQD GHO PROLQR VHPLDXWyJHQR REWHQLGD DO HYDOXDU OD HFXDFLyQ HQ HQVD\RV
UHDOL]DGRVHQPROLQRVDHVFDODSLORWR
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Tamaño partícula, µm
)LJXUD 5HSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiILFDGHODFXUYDGHFODVLILFDFLyQGHODSDUULOODLQWHUQDGH
XQPROLQRVHPLDXWyJHQR
(QOD)LJXUDVVHPXHVWUDUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVHQHQVD\RVGHGHWHUPLQDFLyQGH
GLVWULEXFLyQGHWLHPSRVGHUHVLGHQFLDXWLOL]DQGRVDOFRPRWUD]DGRUHQODDOLPHQWDFLyQD
XQPROLQRVHPLDXWyJHQRSLORWR
'HHVWHJUiILFRVHREVHUYDTXHODGLVWULEXFLyQGHWLHPSRVGHUHVLGHQFLDREWHQLGDVH
DVHPHMDDOGHXQUHDFWRUSHUIHFWDPHQWHPH]FODGRFRQXQSHTXHxRGHVIDVHLQLFLDO'HDTXt
\FRQVLGHUDQGRODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVJHRPpWULFDVGHOPROLQR'>/VHGHGXFHTXHHVYiOLGR
FRQVLGHUDUTXHHOIOXMRSRUWDPDxRVGHPLQHUDOTXHVHHQIUHQWDDODSDUULOODLQWHUQDS
HQ L
WKHVSURSRUFLRQDODODPDVDSRUWDPDxRVGHOPDWHULDOUHWHQLGRDOLQWHULRUGHOPROLQRZL
VHJ~QODHFXDFLyQ
P*
p =
*
i wi
W
25
3.379 kg/h
3.450 kg/h
20
3.723 kg/h
3.539 kg/h
15
E(t)
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Tiempo, seg
)LJXUD 'LVWULEXFLyQ GH WLHPSRV GH UHVLGHQFLD PHGLGRV HQ HQVD\RV GH PROLHQGD
VHPLDXWyJHQDDQLYHOSLORWRFRQYDULDFLyQHQHOIOXMRGHDOLPHQWDFLyQIUHVFD
(OYDORUGH3
HVXQDFRQGLFLyQHVHQFLDOPHQWHHPStULFDGHOPRGHORGHSHQGHGH
ODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHRSHUDFLyQGHOPROLQR\VXVLJQLILFDGRHVWiGLUHFWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGR
FRQODGHILQLFLyQGHODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQFLUFXLWRGHPROLHQGDFODVLILFDFLyQDOLQWHULRUGHO
PROLQR\GHODFDUJDFLUFXODQWHDVRFLDGRDHVWHFLUFXLWR(VOyJLFRVXSRQHUHQWRQFHVTXH
HOYDORUGHHVWHIOXMRGHEHGHSHQGHUGLUHFWDPHQWHGHODFDQWLGDGGHPLQHUDOUHWHQLGRHQ
HOPROLQRHVWRHVGHOQLYHOGHOOHQDGR\GHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHHVWHPDWHULDOHVGHFLU
VX JUDQXORPHWUtD 'H HVWD IRUPD FRPR YtQFXOR HQWUH HO PHFDQLVPR GH UHGXFFLyQ GH
WDPDxR \ HO GH GHVFDUJD GHO PROLQR HO IOXMR 3
DSDUHFH FRPR OD FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH ODV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHWUDQVSRUWHGHPDVDGHOPLQHUDOHQHOPROLQR
$Vt FRQ OD LQIRUPDFLyQ REWHQLGD HQ ORV GLIHUHQWHV HQVD\RV D HVFDOD SLORWR
UHDOL]DGRVIXHIDFWLEOHHYDOXDUHOIOXMRTXHHQIUHQWDODSDUULOODLQWHUQD3
FRQYDULDFLRQHV
HQHOIOXMRGHDOLPHQWDFLyQDOPROLQRHQHOSRUFHQWDMHGHVyOLGRVHQODGHVFDUJD\FRQHO
QLYHOGHOOHQDGRGHERODV&DGDXQDGHHVWDVYDULDEOHVWLHQHXQHIHFWRGLUHFWRHQHOQLYHO
GHOOHQDGRGHOPROLQRSRUORTXHOyJLFDPHQWHVHFRQFOX\HTXH3
GHSHQGHGLUHFWDPHQWH
GH OD PDVD GH PLQHUDO UHWHQLGR VLHQGR UHSUHVHQWDGD HVWD GHSHQGHQFLD D WUDYpV GH OD
VLJXLHQWHUHODFLyQ
P* = k1W k 2
GRQGHNUHVXOWDVHU\NDGTXLHUHHOYDORU3
VHPLGHHQWK\:HQW/D)LJXUD
PXHVWUDODFRUUHODFLyQGHODHFXDFLyQFRQUHVXOWDGRVH[SHULPHQWDOHV REWHQLGRV
HQHOPROLQRSLORWR
30
Experimental
25 Calculado
Flujo que enfrenta la parrilla P*, t/h
20
15
10
0
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7
Peso de carga interna, t
)LJXUD (IHFWR GHO SHVR GH FDUJD LQWHUQD VREUH HO IOXMR TXH HQIUHQWD OD SDUULOOD GH
FODVLILFDFLyQ LQWHUQD GHO PROLQR 5HVXOWDGRV H[SHULPHQWDOHV \ YDORUHV
FDOFXODGRVVHJ~QODHFXDFLyQ
3DUDHYDOXDUODYDULDFLyQGHODPDVDGHDJXDUHWHQLGDDOLQWHULRUGHOPROLQR+DHQ
IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR FRQFRUGDQGR FRQ +HUEVW >@ VH SXHGH XWLOL]DU XQD HFXDFLyQ
GLIHUHQFLDOGHSULPHURUGHQTXHUHODFLRQDHVWDYDULDFLyQFRQHOIOXMRGHDJXDGHHQWUDGDHQ
OD DOLPHQWDFLyQ )D HQ WK \ HO IOXMR GH GHVFDUJD GH DJXD 3D HQ WK (VWR LQGLFD TXH VH
FRQVLGHUD HO PROLQR FRPR XQ UHDFWRU SHUIHFWDPHQWH PH]FODGR OR TXH HV XQD VXSRVLFLyQ
DGHFXDGD VHJ~Q ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV HQ ORV HQVD\RV GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH WLHPSRV GH
UHVLGHQFLDGHWHUPLQDGDSDUDHODJXD
dH a
= Fa − Pa
dt
'HODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHPH]FODVXSXHVWDVSDUDHOPROLQRHOIOXMRGHGHVFDUJD3DVH
SXHGH UHODFLRQDU FRQ OD PDVD GH DJXD UHWHQLGD DO LQWHULRU GHO PROLQR D WUDYpV GH OD
VLJXLHQWHUHODFLyQ
Pa = α a H a
GRQGHHOSDUiPHWURαDVHKDGHQRPLQDGRWDVDGHGHVFDUJDGHDJXDHVXQDIXQFLyQGHODV
FRQGLFLRQHVGHRSHUDFLyQGHOPROLQR\WRPDHQFXHQWDODVYDULDFLRQHVGHODJXDDFXPXODGD
DO LQWHULRU GHO PROLQR &RPR HO FDPELR HQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH RSHUDFLyQ VH UHIOHMD
GLUHFWDPHQWH HQ HO QLYHO GH OOHQDGR GHO PROLQR VH KD UHODFLRQDGR HO SDUiPHWUR WDVD GH
GHVFDUJD GH DJXD FRQ OD PDVD GH PLQHUDO UHWHQLGR DO LQWHULRU GHO PROLQR D WUDYpV GH OD
VLJXLHQWHHFXDFLyQYHU)LJXUD
λ1
α a = λ0 +
W2
3RUUHJUHVLyQORVSDUiPHWURVGHHVWDHFXDFLyQUHVXOWDQVHUλ \λ
(Q OD )LJXUD VH PXHVWUDQ ORV YDORUHV H[SHULPHQWDOHV \ H[WUDSRODGRV VHJ~Q OD
HFXDFLyQDQWHULRU
Experimental
80
Calculado
40
20
0
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7
Peso de carga interna, t
)LJXUD (IHFWRGHOSHVRGHFDUJDLQWHUQDVREUHODWDVDGHGHVFDUJDGHDJXDGHVGHHO
LQWHULRUGHOPROLQR5HVXOWDGRVH[SHULPHQWDOHV\YDORUHVFDOFXODGRVVHJ~Q
ODHFXDFLyQ
8Q FRQFHSWR LPSRUWDQWH DSOLFDGR HQ OD PROLHQGD FRQYHQFLRQDO HV HO GH HQHUJtD
HVSHFtILFDGHPROLHQGDXWLOL]DGRSDUDPRGHODUODVYDULDFLRQHVGHODVWDVDVGHPROLHQGD
GHQWURGHXQDPSOLRUDQJRGHFRQGLFLRQHVGHRSHUDFLyQHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQUHODFLyQFRQ
HOIOXMRPiVLFRGHPLQHUDOSURFHVDGR
(QHOHVTXHPDDQWHULRUVHGHILQHQSDUiPHWURVGHYHORFLGDGHIHFWLYDGHPROLHQGD
TXH VRQ PHQRV VHQVLEOHV D ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH RSHUDFLyQ GHO PROLQR HV GHFLU VRQ PiV
UHSUHVHQWDWLYRVGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVLQWUtQVHFDVGHOPLQHUDOGHOGLVHxRJHRPpWULFRGHO
PROLQRGLiPHWUR\ODUJR\GHOUHYHVWLPLHQWRLQWHUQRGHOPROLQR
'HHVWDIRUPDHQODPROLHQGDFRQYHQFLRQDOVHGHILQHODHQHUJtDHVSHFtILFD(HQ
N:KWFRPRODUD]yQHQWUHODSRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDGHPDQGDGDSRUHOPROLQR0SHQN:\
HOIOXMRPiVLFRGHPLQHUDOSURFHVDGR)HQWK(VGHFLU
Mp
E=
F
$VtODHQHUJtDHVSHFtILFDVHWUDQVIRUPDHQXQDYDULDEOHRSHUDFLRQDOFDUDFWHUtVWLFD
SDUD FDGD PROLQR \ WLSR GH PLQHUDO SURFHVDGR (VWD PLGH OD HQHUJtD TXH UHTXLHUH HO
/XLV 0DJQH 2 :DOGR 9DOGHUUDPD 5
02/,(1'$ 6$* 2SHUDFLyQ 0DQWHQFLyQ \ &RQWURO
VLVWHPDSDUDPROHUXQDWRQHODGDGHPLQHUDOGRQGHHOWpUPLQRPROHULQGLFDHOKHFKRGH
SDVDU XQ PLQHUDO FRQ GHWHUPLQDGD GLVWULEXFLyQ GH WDPDxRV D RWUD FRQ XQD
JUDQXORPHWUtDPiVILQD
'H HVWD IRUPD ORV SDUiPHWURV HVSHFtILFRV GH PROLHQGD TXH VH REWLHQHQ DO
LQWURGXFLUODHQHUJtDHVSHFtILFDGHOVLVWHPDVHGHQRPLQDQ.(LFRQXQLGDGHVGHWN:K\
VHKDYLVWRTXHVRQXQDIRUPDFRQYHQLHQWHGHPRGHODUODPROLHQGDGHPLQHUDOHVSXHV
VXVYDORUHVVRQPHQRVVHQVLEOHVDODFRQGLFLyQSDUWLFXODUGHRSHUDFLyQGHOPROLQR3DUD
UHODFLRQDUORVSDUiPHWURVHVSHFtILFRVGHPROLHQGDFRQODVWDVDVGHPROLHQGDVHXWLOL]DOD
HQHUJtDHVSHFtILFDVHJ~QODVLJXLHQWHH[SUHVLyQ
M p
K i = K iE
W
GRQGH.L(VHGHILQHFRPRIXQFLyQYHORFLGDGHIHFWLYDHVSHFtILFDGHPROLHQGDHQWN:K
\ 0S HV OD SRWHQFLD QHWD FRQVXPLGD HQ N: \ : HV OD PDVD GH PDWHULDO UHWHQLGR HQ HO
PROLQRR´KROGXSµHQW$OLJXDOTXHHQHOFDVRGHPROLHQGDFRQYHQFLRQDOODIXQFLyQ
YHORFLGDG HIHFWLYD GH PROLHQGD VH SXHGH UHODFLRQDU FRQ OD IXQFLyQ YHORFLGDG HIHFWLYD
HVSHFtILFD GH PROLHQGD D WUDYpV GH OD HQHUJtD HVSHFtILFD XWLOL]DGD HQ HO WUDEDMR GH
UHGXFFLyQGHWDPDxRGHODVSDUWtFXODVDWUDYpVGHODVLJXLHQWHHFXDFLyQ
Ki t = KiE E
GRQGHWUHSUHVHQWDHOWLHPSRPHGLRGHUHVLGHQFLDGHOPLQHUDODOLQWHULRUGHOPROLQR(Q
XQ PROLQR VHPLDXWyJHQR OD JUDQXORPHWUtD GHO SURGXFWR HV PHQRV VHQVLEOH DO IOXMR
PiVLFRGHPDWHULDOSURFHVDGRVLHQGRSULQFLSDOPHQWHHOQLYHOGHOOHQDGR\HOFRQVXPR
GHSRWHQFLDORVTXHUHVSRQGHQDHVWDYDULDFLyQDGLIHUHQFLDGHODPROLHQGDFRQYHQFLRQDO
GRQGHVHREVHUYDXQDUHODFLyQGLUHFWDHQWUHDPEDVYDULDEOHV\QRVHSURGXFHQJUDQGHV
HIHFWRV HQ HO QLYHO GH OOHQDGR \ FRQVXPR GH SRWHQFLD GHO PROLQR $GHPiV ODV
YDULDFLRQHV GHO QLYHO GH OOHQDGR HQ XQ PROLQR VHPLDXWyJHQR SRU HIHFWR GH FXDOTXLHU
FRQGLFLyQ GH RSHUDFLyQ SURGXFH LPSRUWDQWHV YDULDFLRQHV HQ HO FRQVXPR GH SRWHQFLD
SDUDXQDYHORFLGDGFRQVWDQWH'HHVWDIRUPDODIXQFLyQYHORFLGDGHIHFWLYDHVSHFtILFDGH
PROLHQGDGHEHVHUFDSD]GHDGHFXDUVHDHVWDVYDULDFLRQHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODRSHUDFLyQ
GHXQPROLQRVHPLDXWyJHQR
/DHFXDFLyQXWLOL]DGDSDUDSUHGHFLUHOFRQVXPRGHSRWHQFLDGHOPROLQR0SHQN:
HVODHFXDFLyQGH%RQGSDUDPROLHQGDFRQYHQFLRQDODGDSWDGDSRU$XVWLQ>@DOFDVRGH
PROLHQGDVHPLDXWyJHQD/DHFXDFLyQGH%RQGHV
0.1
M p = 7.33 ρb D LJ(1 - 0.937 J)φ c 1 - 9 -10 φ c
2.3
2
GRQGH'\/VRQODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHOPROLQRHQPφFODIUDFFLyQGHYHORFLGDGFUtWLFDGH
RSHUDFLyQGHOHTXLSR-HOQLYHOGHOOHQDGRYROXPpWULFRGHOPROLQR\ρEODGHQVLGDGGHORV
PHGLRVGHPROLHQGD(QHVWDHFXDFLyQORVHIHFWRVGHHQHUJtDFLQpWLFDGHODFDUJD\GHOD
GHQVLGDGGHOPLQHUDO\DJXDPRYLpQGRVHFRQODVERODVHVWiQFRQFHQWUDGRVHQHOIDFWRUGH
SRVLFLyQGHODHFXDFLyQ\HOPi[LPRFRQVXPRGHSRWHQFLDRFXUUHDDOUHGHGRUGH
GHODYHORFLGDGFUtWLFD3RUHOORODPRGLILFDFLyQSURSXHVWDSRU$XVWLQHV
0.1
M p = Kρc D LJ c (1 - AJ c )φ c 1 - 9 -10 φ c
2.5
2
GRQGHDKRUDρFHVODGHQVLGDGGHODFDUJDLQWHUQDFRQWHQLGDHQHOPROLQR-F HVHOQLYHOGH
OOHQDGRYROXPpWULFRWRWDOGHOPROLQR\.\$VRQORVSDUiPHWURVGHODHFXDFLyQ
3DUDGHWHUPLQDUODGHQVLGDGGHODFDUJDLQWHUQDVHKDFHHOVLJXLHQWHUD]RQDPLHQWR
D 'HILQLHQGRHOQLYHOGHOOHQDGRGHERODVFRQXQDSRURVLGDGεE
Wb
(1 − ε b ) J b =
ρbV
GRQGH9HVHOYROXPHQHIHFWLYRGHOPROLQRHQP-EODIUDFFLyQGHOOHQDGRGHERODV\:EHV
HOSHVRGHERODVDOLQWHULRUGHOPROLQR
E /DGHQVLGDGDSDUHQWHGHODFDUJDLQWHUQDHVWiGDGDSRU
W + Wa + Wb
ρc =
Vc
GRQGH:DHVODPDVDGHDJXDDOLQWHULRUGHOPROLQR6L;UHSUHVHQWDHOYROXPHQGHPLQHUDO
FRQWHQLGRSRUXQLGDGGHYROXPHQGHOPROLQR\IFODUD]yQHQWUHHOSHVRGHPLQHUDO\HO
SHVRGHPLQHUDOPiVDJXDHQHOPROLQRVHSXHGHGHPRVWUDUTXH
ρs
X + (1 − ε b ) J b ρ b
W + Wa + Wb fc
ρc = =
Vc Jc
F &RPR -F HV QLYHO GH OOHQDGR WRWDO GHO PROLQR HVWR HV HO YROXPHQ DSDUHQWH GH FDUJD
PLQHUDO PiV ERODV SRU XQLGDG GH YROXPHQ GHO PROLQR FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH HO DJXD
RFXSDORVLQWHUVWLFLRVGHODFDUJD
Vm + Vb
Jc =
V (1 − ε c )
HQ TXH εF HV OD SRURVLGDG GHO OHFKR GH FDUJD LQWHUQD GHO PROLQR \ 9P \ 9E VRQ ORV
YRO~PHQHVGHPLQHUDO\ERODVHQHOPROLQRUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH6HSXHGHHVFULELUHQWRQFHV
Vm Vb W
+ X+ b
ρbV X + (1 − ε b ) J b
Jc = V V = =
(1 − ε c ) (1 − ε c ) (1 − ε c )
'HDTXtVHREWLHQHTXH
X = (1 − ε c ) J c − (1 − ε b ) J b
G (QODHFXDFLyQVHGHVSHMD-FρF\VHUHHPSOD]D;VHJ~QODHFXDFLyQ
ρs ρ
J c ρ c = (1 − ε c ) J c + (1 − ε b ) J b ρ b − s
fc fc
GHILQLHQGRZFFRPRODUD]yQHQWUHODPDVDGHDJXD\PLQHUDOFRQWHQLGDHQHOPROLQROD
HFXDFLyQVHSXHGHHVFULELU
J c ρ c = (1 − ε c ) J c ρ s (1 + wc ) + (1 − ε b ) J b (ρ b − ρ s (1 + wc ) )
6HGHEHWHQHUSUHVHQWHTXH-FρFUHSUHVHQWDHOSHVRGHODFDUJDLQWHUQD+FHQWSRU
XQLGDGGHYROXPHQGHPROLQR9HQPHQWRQFHV
= (1 − ε c ) J c ρ s (1 + wc ) + (1 − ε b ) J b (ρ b − ρ s (1 + wc ) )
Hc
V
PLHQWUDVTXHODHFXDFLyQGHSRWHQFLDVHSXHGHHVFULELU
2.5 H c 0.1
M p = K D L (1 - AJ c )φ c 1 - 9 -10φ
V 2 c
5HHPSOD]DQGRODHFXDFLyQVHREWLHQH
0.1
M p = K D L(1 - AJ c )[(1 − ε c ) J c ρ s (1 + wc ) + (1 − ε b ) J b ( ρb − ρ s (1 + wc )]φ c 1 - 9 -10φ c
2.5
2
3DUDGHWHUPLQDUODPDVDGHPLQHUDOSRUXQLGDGGHYROXPHQGHOPROLQRVHVLJXHXQ
UD]RQDPLHQWRVLPLODUDOVHJXLGRHQWUHODVHFXDFLRQHVDREWHQLpQGRVH
W
= (1 - ε c )J c ρ s − 0.6 J b ρ b
V
UHVXOWDWULYLDOGHGXFLUTXHDPEDVVRQHTXLYDOHQWHVVt\VyORVt
i −1 i −1
∑ (K i −1 − K i )w j = ∑ bij S j w j
j =1 j =1
RELHQ
bij S j = (K i −1 − K i )
(Q HVWD UHODFLyQ WDPELpQ VH FXPSOH TXH OD WDVD GH SURGXFFLyQ GH PDWHULDO GH
WDPDxR L SRU IUDFWXUD GH WDPDxRV PD\RUHV M HV LQGHSHQGLHQWH GHO WDPDxR M TXH
JHQHUDOPHQWH VH H[SUHVD HQ IRUPD DFXPXODGD \ VH GHQRPLQD FRQGLFLyQ GH
FRPSHQVDFLyQ6LVHVXPDDDPERVODGRVHQWUHL\QVHREWLHQH
n n
∑b
k =1
kj S j = S j ∑ bkj = Bij S j
k =i
\
n
∑ (K
k = i +1
k −1 − K k ) = (K i − K i +1 ) +(K i +1 − K i + 2 ) + ..... + (K n −1 − K n ) = K i
3DUD HVWD ~OWLPD LJXDOGDG VH KD WHQLGR HQ FXHQWD TXH OD YHORFLGDG HIHFWLYD GH
PROLHQGDGHOLQWHUYDORQHVFHURSRUGHILQLFLyQ'HODVHFXDFLRQHV\UHVXOWDTXH
OD FRQGLFLyQ GH FRPSHQVDFLyQ DFXPXODGD SDUD HO FDVR GH PROLHQGD FRQYHQFLRQDO VH
H[WLHQGHDHVWHPRGHORDWUDYpVGHODUHODFLyQ
Bij S j = K i
'HHVWDIRUPDODHFXDFLyQUHODFLRQDODIXQFLyQYHORFLGDGHIHFWLYDGHPROLHQGD
FRQ ORV SDUiPHWURV FRQYHQFLRQDOHV GH IUDFWXUD GHILQLGRV SDUD PROLHQGD FRQYHQFLRQDO
3DUD PROLHQGD VHPLDXWyJHQD SDUD HO FXDO VH KD GHILQLGR HO SULPHU SDUiPHWUR VH GHMD
H[SUHVDPHQWH HVWDEOHFLGR TXH VL FRPR HYHQWR GH UHGXFFLyQ GH WDPDxR H[LVWH VyOR
IUDFWXUD HQWRQFHV . 6 (Q FDVR TXH H[LVWD DEUDVLyQ \ DVWLOODPLHQWR DWULFLyQ HVWD
L L
LJXDOGDGQRHVYiOLGD\DTXHHQHVWRVFDVRVHOQ~FOHRGHODFROSDDIHFWDGDSRUDWULFLyQ
SHUPDQHFHHQHOLQWHUYDORGHWDPDxRRULJLQDOSRUORTXH% ≠HVGHFLUODIXQFLyQGH
LL
IUDFWXUD SULPDULD SDUFLDO SDUD HVH LQWHUYDOR HV GLVWLQWD GH FHUR E ≠ (Q PROLHQGD
LL
VHPLDXWyJHQDHVWRHVYiOLGRSDUDORVWDPDxRVPD\RUHVGHSDUWtFXODFROSDVPD\RUHVD
SOJDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
3RURWURODGRDOGHILQLUXQFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRGLUHFWRSDUDFDUDFWHUL]DUORVGLVWLQWRV
PHFDQLVPRVTXHRFXUUHQDOLQWHULRUGHXQPROLQRVHPLDXWyJHQRTXHGDPX\FODUDPHQWH
HVWDEOHFLGDODHWDSDGHPROLHQGDODHWDSDGHFODVLILFDFLyQ\HOWUDQVSRUWHGHPDVDGHVGH
OD]RQDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQDOPROLQR\ODSDUULOODGHGHVFDUJD'HHVWDIRUPDHOWUDQVSRUWH
GHPDVDDOLQWHULRUGHOPROLQRVHFDUDFWHUL]DDWUDYpVGHOIOXMRILFWLFLR3
TXHGHVFDUJDGH
ODFiPDUDGHPROLHQGDILFWLFLD\TXHDOLPHQWDDOFODVLILFDGRU(VWHIOXMRGHEHVHUHYDOXDGR
HQIXQFLyQGHOQLYHOGHOOHQDGRGHOPROLQRRPDVDGHFDUJDLQWHUQDGHOPROLQRSDUDTXH
GpXQDH[SUHVLyQIDFWLEOHGHXWLOL]DUHQIRUPDSUiFWLFD'HHVWDIRUPDHVIDFWLEOHSUHGHFLU
OD YDULDELOLGDG GHO QLYHO GH OOHQDGR GHO PROLQR VHPLDXWyJHQR FRQ ODV GLIHUHQWHV
FRQGLFLRQHVGHRSHUDFLyQ
/D FODVLILFDFLyQ HQ OD SDUULOOD LQWHUQD VH UHSUHVHQWD D WUDYpV GH OD HILFLHQFLD GH
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alimentación, % bolas alimentación descarga consumida específica carga
Nº +4” 4x2” -2” % t/h % kW kWh/t %
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1 1 Mp
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PiVILQR
100
Producto
Acumulado pasante, %
10
Alimentación
Carga 3.38 t/h
Interna 3.45 t/h
3.72 t/h
1
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Tamaño de partícula, µm
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HOJUDGRHQTXHHOSURGXFWRSXHGHOOHJDUDVHUPiVJUXHVRHVOLPLWDGRSHURHQFDPELR
VtVHWHQGUiXQDXPHQWRGHOQLYHOGHOOHQDGR$VXYH]ODSRWHQFLDDXPHQWDDODXPHQWDU
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HOFRQVXPRGHSRWHQFLDVLVHPDQWLHQHQWRGDVODVRWUDVYDULDEOHVFRQVWDQWHV
3.38 t/h
3.45 t/h
3.72 t/h
0.01
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Tamaño de partícula, µm
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HOIOXMRGHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQHQVD\RSLORWRGHPROLHQGDVHPLDXWyJHQD
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SURGXFH XQ GHVEDODQFH HQ OD FDUJD LQWHUQD GHO PROLQR GH PRGR TXH OD YHORFLGDG D OD
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PROLQR VH OOHQH UiSLGDPHQWH \ VH VREUHFDUJXH JHQHUDQGR XQD GLVPLQXFLyQ GH OD
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PROLQR \ SHUPLWLU TXH HO HTXLSR GHVFDUJXH VX FRQWHQLGR SDUD OXHJR UHLQLFLDU OD
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6LQHPEDUJRGHELGRDFRQGLFLRQHVGHWUDQVSRUWHGHPDVDDOLQWHULRUGHOPROLQRVHGHEH
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Test Granulometría de Flujo de Sólidos en Potencia Energía Nivel de
alimentación, % alimentación descarga Consumid específica carga
Nº +4” 4x2” -2” t/h % a kWh/t %
KW
3 12.1 8.4 79.5 3.51 63.2 9.18 2.61 17.8
4 13.2 11.1 75.9 3.53 70.6 8.63 2.44 17.8
2 10.4 11.7 77.9 3.45 73.9 9.35 2.71 18.2
5 11.3 9.8 78.9 3.49 79.2 9.67 2.77 25.3
$OYDULDUHOSRUFHQWDMHGHVyOLGRVGHODSXOSDHQODGHVFDUJDGHXQPROLQRSLORWR
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100
Producto
Acumulado pasante, %
10
Alimentación
Carga 63.2 % sólidos
Interna 70.6 % sólidos
73.9 % sólidos
79.2 % sólidos
1
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Tamaño de partícula, µm
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/RVPROLQRVDXWyJHQRV\VHPLDXWyJHQRVVHFDUDFWHUL]DQSRUHOXVRGHXQDSDUULOOD
GH GHVFDUJD FX\R REMHWLYR HV UHWHQHU DO LQWHULRU GHO HTXLSR ORV PHGLRV GH PROLHQGD
WDQWRFROSDVGHPLQHUDOFRPRPHGLRVPHWiOLFRV'HHVWDIRUPDHOPLQHUDODOLPHQWDGRDO
PROLQRSXHGHVHUGHVFDUJDGRVyORXQDYH]TXHKDVLGRPROLGRDXQWDPDxRPHQRUTXH
ODVDEHUWXUDVGHODSDUULOOD
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SDUULOODGHGHVFDUJDDFW~DFRPRXQFODVLILFDGRUGHOPDWHULDOTXHSXHGHVDOLUGHOPROLQR
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GH WDPDxR PHQRU D OD DEHUWXUD GH OD SDUULOOD HV UHWHQLGD DO LQWHULRU GHO PROLQR /D
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GHODSDUULOODGHGHVFDUJDDOYDULDUODGHQVLGDGGHSXOSDGHODFDUJDLQWHUQD>@
1.0
Sólidos en peso en descarga
63.2 %
0.8 70.6 %
Eficiencia de clasificación, o/1
73.9 %
79.2 %
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Tamaño de partícula, µm
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FODVLILFDFLyQGHSDUULOODLQWHUQDGHPROLQRVHPLDXWyJHQRGHWHUPLQDGDVHQ
HQVD\RVDQLYHOSLORWR
(V UD]RQDEOH VXSRQHU TXH HO IOXMR GH GHVFDUJD D WUDYpV GH OD SDUULOOD HV
SURSRUFLRQDO D OD PDVD GH PLQHUDO ILQR UHWHQLGR HQ HO PROLQR (VWR LPSOLFD TXH SDUD
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YROXPHQ GH SXOSD HQ HO PROLQR GHEH DXPHQWDU SURSRUFLRQDOPHQWH VL ODV GHPiV
FRQGLFLRQHVSHUPDQHFHQFRQVWDQWHVORTXHUHDILUPDORGLVFXWLGRDQWHULRUPHQWH
'HDFXHUGRFRQODGHILQLFLyQGHRSHUDFLyQySWLPDGHXQPROLQRVHPLDXWyJHQRHO
GLVHxRGHODSDUULOODGHEHDVHJXUDUXQDGHQVLGDGySWLPDGHODFDUJDLQWHUQDGHPRGR
TXH KD\D FRUUHVSRQGHQFLD HQWUH HO FRQVXPR GH HQHUJtD \ OD DFFLyQ GH PROLHQGD \ VLQ
TXH OD SXOSD VH WRUQH H[FHVLYDPHQWH YLVFRVD 3DUD HOOR %DUUDWW UHFRPLHQGD XELFDU ORV
DJXMHURV GH SDUULOOD HQ HO DQLOOR PiV H[WHUQR GH OD WDSD GH GHVFDUJD GH PRGR TXH OD
SXOSD\ORVSHEEOHVVDOJDQSRUODSDUWHPiVEDMDGHODFDUJD3RURWURODGRHOGLVHxRGH
DJXMHURV GH SDUULOOD GHEH WHQHU HQ FXHQWD HO DOWR JUDGR GH LPSDFWR TXH pVWDV UHFLEHQ
8VXDOPHQWHHOiUHDHIHFWLYDGHIOXMRQRVREUHSDVDHOGHOWRWDOSDUDQRGHELOLWDUOD
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GHVFDUJDVUDGLDOHVVHSXHGHQHQFRQWUDUKDVWDGHiUHDHIHFWLYDFRQHVSHVRUHVGH
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Di − D f
4
(4
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M=
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(
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Rρ
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(
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(
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M ton/día Ton/m3 ton/m2/día Ton M ton m2
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0.13 8.10 7.8 0.0043 0.0089727 0.063 225.6 1669.3
0.13 7.87 7.8 0.0043 0.0089727 0.063 219.1 1621.5
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97.1% 2.95% 2.95% 1.95%
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0.127 8.10 7.8 0.0043 0.00836574 0.063 219.1 1653.8 2.48
0.127 8.10 7.8 0.0043 0.00836574 0.05842 222.8 1700.4 2.30
0.127 8.10 7.8 0.0043 0.00836574 0.07112 210.3 1552.9 2.80
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Di ρ K Df T R Masa recargada
durante vida útil
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0.127 7.8 0.0043 0.063 58.0 8.10 470.2
0.102 7.8 0.0043 0.063 35.4 8.10
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Impacto en molinos
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Esfuerzos de Impacto [MPa]
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Mb*Dm [kg*m]
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6LVHFRQVLGHUDTXHXQDERODGHPPSHVDNJDSUR[\TXHODDOWXUDGH
FDLGD HV XQ SRFR LQIHULRU DO GLiPHWUR LQWHUQR GHO PROLQR XQ PROLQR GH
SUHVHQWD
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0SD HQ LPSDFWR FRQWUD ILHUUR GHVQXGR $XQTXH OD FRPSDUDFLyQ QR HV
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/DVERODVGHPROLQRVXHOHQHQVD\DUVHHQWRUUHVGHLPSDFWRUHSHWLWLYRFRPRODGH
OD )LJXUD 8Q HVWXGLR UHDOL]DGR SRU 6LOYD &DxHWH \ (VWD\ VREUH HO HIHFWR GHO
WUDWDPLHQWRWpUPLFRHQODUHVLVWHQFLDDOLPSDFWRGHERODVGHPROLQRPRVWUyTXHODVERODV
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Fractura de bolas
60
SinRev
Rev120
50
Porcentaje bolas fracturadas
Rev150
Rev180
40
16 horas después
30
20
10
0
50 100 150 200
Caídas / bola
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)LJXUD5HYHVWLPLHQWRFRQVHxDOHVGHLPSDFWRGHEROD
)LJXUD5HYHVWLPLHQWRFRQUHEDEDVFDXVDGDVSRUHOLPSDFWR
)LJXUD5HYHVWLPLHQWRVIUDFWXUDGRV
)LJXUD)UDJPHQWRVGHEROD