La Gente Es Grande y Dios Pequeno (OnePage)

CUANDO LA GENTE ES
GRANDE Y DIOS ES
PEQUEO
Venciendo la presin de
grupo, la codependencia y
el temor al hombre.
EDWARD T. WELCH
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38
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1
Tomado de Either / Or en Kierkegaard Anthology, ed. Robert Bretall (Princeton,
N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1946), 99.
39
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5<=: 5<5KB9: M ;E>G5<=: 789
B=: U5>E:9=: K8:?5K56 ?=<FB5?9> 5 B5 @96D9
E>G
5<=: 789 B8?O5K56 ?=6 B5 F>9:EI6 ;9
@>8F= 89:D= 789 D=;=: :=<=: 5U9?D5;=:
F=> 9BB5 96 <=<96D= 8=D>=- :=<=: 9<FQDE?=:
O5?E5 D5B ?=6;8?D5 9>= 9:D5 9: 78EHQ B5
U=><5 <Q: D>Q@E?5 ;9B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 =:
5;=B9:?96D9: ?=6:D56D9<96D9 D=<56
;9?E:E=69: 69?E5: ;9KE;= 5 9BB5 5<KEN6 B=:
5;8BD=: K8:?56 B5 5F>=K5?EI6 ;9 B5 @96D9
50
:F9>5<=: 5 789 B=: ;9<Q: D=<96 E6E?E5DES5:
;9 5<=> 5:5<=: <8?O= DE9<F=
F>9@86DQ6;=6=: 78N F96:5>56 B=: ;9<Q: ;9
689:D>5 >=F5 = ;9 B=: ?=<96D5>E=: 789
O5?9<=: 96 9B @>8F= ;9 9:D8;E= KG KBE?=
9<=: =F=>D86E;5;9: ;9 D9:DEUE?5> ;9 >E:D=-
F9>= B5: 9SED5<=: :D5<=: <Q: F>9=?8F5;=:
F=> 6= S9>6=: <5B W
86 D9<=> 5B O=<K>9X 789
F=> 5?D85> F9?5<E6=:5<96D9 W D9<=> ;9B
9T=>X
9:C: SESEI 96 86 ?=6D>5:D9 D=D5B 5 9:D5

F>9=?8F5?EI6 ;9 B=: U5>E:9=: = <=:D>I
U5S=>EDE:<=\96 B8@5> ;9 9:D=- 5B?56HID56D= 5
B=: O=<K>9: ?=<= 5 B5: <8A9>9:- 5 B=: >E?=: M
5 B=: F=K>9:- M 5 D=;5: B5: >5H5: M 9;5;9: 8
96:9T56H5 6= U89 ;5;5 K5:Q6;=:9 96 B5:
96?89:D5: :=K>9 78N :9 ?=6:E;9>5K5 F=F8B5>
96 B5 NF=?5\ F=> 9B ?=6D>5>E=- 9B O5KBI B5
S9>;5; 789 5 <968;= 6= 9>5 F=F8B5>- F9>=
789 F=;G 5 F969D>5> 9B ?=>5HI6 EA=" = 6=
>9?EK= B5 @B=>E5 ;9 B=: O=<K>9: 86 :8:
=F=:ED=>9: F=;G 5 S9> 9:D=
59:D>= :5K9<=: 789 9>9: 5<56D9 ;9 B5

S9>;5;- M 789 96:9T5: ?=6 S9>;5; 9B ?5<E6=
;9 E=:- M 789 6= D9 ?8E;5: ;9 65;E9- F=>789
6= <E>5: B5 5F5>E96?E5 ;9 B=: O=<K>9: W 5D9=
!!" )X
=> :8F89:D=- 9:D=: ?=<96D5>E=: U89>=6 865

U=><5 ;9 5;8B5?EI6 F5>5 D96;9> 865 D>5<F5 5
9:C:- F9>= 9>56 ?E9>D=: ;9 D=;5: <569>5:
>56 F5>D9 ;9 B5 96:9T56H5 ;9 58D=>E;5; ;9
51
9:C:- M 9>56 865 ;9 B5: ?5>5?D9>G :DE?5: 789
;E:DE6@8G
5 :8 <E6E:D9>E= ;9B ;9 D=;=: B=: =D>=:
BG
;9>9: A8;G
=:
:D= D5<KEN6 ?5>5?D9>EH= 9B <E6E:D9>E= ;9B

5FI:D=B 5KB= B 9VO=>DI 5 B5: E@B9:E5: 5 :9>
E<ED5;=>9: ;9 NB ?=<= NB B= 9>5 86 E<ED5;=> ;9
>E:D= W => '" )\ 9: ")X => <9;E=
;9 9:D=- 9:D5K5 56E<56;= 5 :8: ;E:?G F8B=: 5
E<ED5> :8 SE;5 M ;=?D>E65- 865 E<ED5?EI6 789
?E9>D5<96D9 E6?B8G5 K8:?5> B5 5B5K56H5 ;9 E=:
M 6= B5 ;9 B=: O=<K>9: W 9: !"'X 5KB= 6=
K8:?5K5 ?=<FB5?9> 5 B5 @96D9 B K8:?5K5
5<5> 5 B5 @96D9- M ;9KE;= 5 9:=- 6= ?5<KEI:8
<96:5A9 ;9 5?89>;= ?=6 B= 789 B=: ;9<Q:
F8;E9>56 F96:5> IB= 5789BB=: 789 5<56 5 B5
@96D9 :=6 ?5F5?9: ;9 ?=6U>=6D5> IB= B=:
789 5<56 5 B5 @96D9 6= :=6 ?=6D>=B5;=: F=>
=D>5: F9>:=65: 5KB= E6?B8:ES9 B9 E6;E?I5 B=:
QB5D5: 789 :E D=;5SG 5 9:D8SE9>5 D>5D56;= ;9
5@>5;5> 5 B5 @96D9- 6= :9>G 5 86 :E9>S= ;9 E=:
W QB5D5: " 3X =6 D5B :9>E9;5; 5KB= D= 5B O=<K>9
:D= 6= 78E9>9 ;9?E> 789 U89 5B@= 65D8>5B F5>5

NB 5KB= D96G 5 B5: <E:<5: D96;96?E5: ?5>65B9:
789 6=:=D>=: D969<=: M B= :5KG 5 =<=
>9:8BD5;=- B9 :8FBE?I5 B5 @B9:E5 789 =>5>5 F=>
NB
F=> <G- 5 UE6 ;9 789 5B 5K>E> <E K=?5 <9

:95 ;5;5 F5B5K>5 F5>5 ;5> 5 ?=6=?9> ?=6
;9689;= 9B <E:D9>E= ;9B 9S56@9BE= 789 ?=6
52
;9689;= O5KB9 ;9 NB- ?=<= ;9K= O5KB5>
W U9:E=: )" 24!3X
5 5D5BB5
5D5BB5 ;9 9;>= ?=6 9B D9<=> 5B =<K>9
=6:E;9>9<=: 5O=>5 86 9A9<FB= <Q: D>Q@E?=

;9B D9<=> 5 B5 @96D9
9;>= O5 BB9@5;= 5 :9> ?=6=?E;= F=> :8 9:DEB=

E<F9D8=:= 9 D=;=: B=: ;E:?GF8B=:- NB F5>9?G
5
9B <Q: =:5;= B :9>G
5 B5 CBDE<5 F9>:=65 ;9
78E96 9:F9>5>G5<=: 5B@865 B8?O5 ?=6 9B D9<=>
5B O=<K>9 9>= 9:D9 <5B 9:D5 96 9B ?=>5HI6
D56D= ;9B =:5;= ?=<= ;9B ?=K5>;9
+ I<= F8;= 69@5> 5B 9T=>, 5KG 5 SE:D= B=:

<EB5@>=: 9 O5KG 5 :E;= ;5;= 9B :FG
>ED8 789
B9 >9S9BI 789 9:C: 9>5 9B >E:D= B 9>5 B5
>=?5 >9:96?EI B5 D>56:UE@8>5?EI6 <5K5 5
9:C: 5 69@5?EI6 9>5 E6?=6?9KEKB9 9>= NB
9>5 ?=<= 6=:=D>=: & 86 F9?5;=>- 86 E69FD=
9:FE>ED85B 5F5>D9 ;9 B5 =K>5 ?=6:D56D9 ;9B
:FG
>ED8 56D= B D5<KEN6 F=;G 5 9V5BD5> 5 B5
@96D9 5 D5B @>5;= 789 F5>9?E9>56 <Q: 789 9B
<E:<= 9:C:
6 865 6=?O9 U>G

5- 9;>= 9:D5K5 5U89>5 ;9 B5
?5:5 ;9B 8<= 5?9>;=D9 <E96D>5: 9:C: 9>5
E6D9>>=@5;= 5;96D>= :D5K5 :96D5;= ?9>?5 ;9
865 O=@89>5 ?=6 86 @>8F= ;9 =UE?E5B9: M
:E>SE96D9: = :9 ;9 78N <9 O5KB5: - ;EA=
?856;= 5B@8E96 B9 ;EA= 789 B= O5KG5 SE:D= ?=6
9:C:
53
6 SE:D5 ;9 D5B 69@5?EI6- F=;>G 5<=: 5:8<E>
789 :8 =F=696D9 9>5 86 ?96D8>EI6- 86 U5>E:9=
= 5B@8E96 789 F8;= O5K9>B= 9A9?8D5;= 96 9B
5?D= 8 SE;5 ;9KEI O5K9> 9:D5;= 96 @>56
F9BE@>= 9>= 6=- 9>5 865 <8?O5?O5 E
:E78E9>5 865 <8A9> ;9 @>56 E6UB896?E5- :E6=
865 :E9>S5 G- 9BB5 9>5 B5 :E9>S5 ;9B 8<=
5?9>;=D9- 9B 8<= 5?9>;=D9 9:D5K5 =?8F5;=
E678E>E96;= 5 9:C: E9>D5<96D9 6= D96G 5
DE9<F= F5>5 9;>= D>= ;E:?G
F8B=-
F>=K5KB9<96D9 856- 9:D8S= E6?B8:ES9 ;96D>=
;9 B5 ?5:5 ;8>56D9 9B A8E?E= ;9 9:C: E
O8KE9>56 789>E;= 5F>9O96;9> 5 86 ;E:?G F8B=- 9B
;9 ;96D>= ;9 B5 ?5:5 O8KE9>5 :E;= B5 9B9??EI6
=KSE5
=;>G5<=: F96:5> 789 B5 SE;5 ;9 9;>= 9:D5K5

96 F9BE@>=- F9>= 6= U89 5:G 9?9:EDI <8M
F=?5 F>=S=?5?EI6 F5>5 69@5> 5 >E:D=
89 ?89:DE=65;= 865 :9@86;5 S9H- 78EHQ F=>

B5 <E:<5 <8?O5?O5- M D8S= 865 >9:F89:D5
:E<EB5> 9>= N:D5- 6= U89 865 >9:F89:D5
DG<E;5 ;9B DEF= 6=4B=:4<E>9:454B=:4=A=: 89
865 69@5?EI6 ;E>9?D5- F86D85BEH5;5 ?=6 86
A8>5<96D= 9@8>5<96D9 9;>= :5KG5 B5
:9>E9;5; ;9 B=: A8>5<96D=: =6=?G5 B5
96:9T56H5 ;9 9:C: ;9B 9><I6 ;9B <=6D9-
89 D8 :G:95 :GM D8 6=- :95 6= 9>= 9B
F9?5;= OEH= 789 9:5 S9>;5; U89>5 E>>9B9S56D9
96 9:9 <=<96D= B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 :E9<F>9
9: F5>D9 ;9 86 D>G
= 789 E6?B8M9 E6?>9;8BE;5; M
;9:=K9;E96?E5
54
5 D9>?9>5 69@5?EI6 U89 F9=> =<96HI 5
<5B;9?E> M 5 A8>5> ;E?E96;= = ?=6=H?= 5 9:9
O=<K>9 6 =D>5: F5B5K>5:- 789 9B E=:
5BDG
:E<= <9 <5B;E@5 5 <GM <E U5<EBE5 :E 6=
9:D=M ;E?E96;= B5 S9>;5; B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9
9: 86 B5H= D>5E?E=69>=
:9 <=<96D= 6= F8;= O5K9> :E;= F9=> 89:

96 9:9 <=<96D=- 9:C: F8;= <E>5> 5 9;>=- B=
<Q: F>=K5KB9 96 B= 789 B= BB9S5K56 ;9 B5 ?5:5
;9B 8<= 5?9>;=D9 5B 569;>G 6 9:C: <E>I
;E>9?D5<96D9 5 9;>=
5>5 9;>=- 9:D= U89 ?=<= :E 9B U89>5 9B F>E<9>

;Q6 E6DEI B5 <E>5;5 ;9B 56D= M 6= F8;=
O5K9>:9 :96DE;= <Q: ;9:68;= = O5KG 5
;=6;9 9:?=6;9>:9 6 ?856D= 5 9:C:- :IB=
F=;9<=: E<5@E65>6=: 78N 9: B= 789 9:D5K5
F96:56;=
= 789 :5K9<=: 9: 789 ?856;= 9:C: 5F5>9?EI

5 :8: ;E:?GF8B=:- :9 ;9B9EDI 96 ;9<=:D>5> :8
F9>;I6 <5>5SEBB=:= O5?E5 9;>= G@56B9 5
:8: ;E:?GF8B=: M 5 9;>= - 5686?EI 9B Q6@9B
;9:F8N: ;9 B5 >9:8>>9??EI6 89@=- 78EHQ 96
=D>5 6=?O9 U>9:?5 5B>9;9;=> ;9B U89@=- 9:C:
:8:DED8MI B5: D>9: 69@5?E=69: ;9 9;>= ?=6
D>9: E6SED5?E=69: 5 5F5?96D5> 8 >9K5T=- M
D9><E6I;E?E96;=- :G @89<9 W856 ! " (4 2X
5KE96;= 9VF9>E<96D5;= B5 <5B;E?EI6 ;9B

D9<=> 5B O=<K>9- O5KE96;= :96DE;= B5 <E>5;5
;9B E=: 56D=- M O5KE96;= ?=6=?E;= D5B 5<=>
>E?= M F9>;=65;=>- 9;>=- :E6 ;8;5 5B@865-
55
O5KG 5 5F>96;E;= B5 B9??EI6 5B <96=: 5:GB=
F96:I F9:5> ;9 :8 U9 UE><9 M B=: ;=69:
;5;=: F=> 9B :FG >ED8- 9:D9 O=<K>9 6=D5KB9 U89
O8<EBB5;= =D>= 5 S9H;9KE;= 5 :8 D9<=> 5 B5:
=D>5: F9>:=65: :D5 S9H- B5 =?5:EI6 96 789
;9<=:D>I :8 ;9:9= ;9 5@>5;5> 5 B5 @96D9
U89 ;8>56D9 865 ?=<E;5 ?=6 86 @>8F= ;9
>E:DE56=:
9;>= 9:D5K5 <8M ?=6:?E96D9 ;9 789 B=:

@96DEB9: 9:D5K56 E6?B8E;=: 96 9B 9S56@9BE=
9:F8N: ;9 :8 SE:EI6 96 9?O=: 3- F5:I
DE9<F= ?=6 @96DEB9: ?=<= =>69BE= E6
9<K5>@=- ?856;= SE6E9>=6 5 NB B=: 8;G =:
?>E:DE56=: 789 ?=6:E;9>5K56 789 B5
?E>?86?E:EI6 9>5 F5>D9 ;9B 9S56@9BE=- NB :9
:9F5>I;9 :8: O9><56=: M O9><565: @96DEB9:
=: D>5DI;9 5?89>;= ?=6 B5 ?=:D8<K>9 A8;G
5M
6= ?=<= 9B 9T=> O5KG 5 =>;965;=
+ => 78N OEH= 9:D=, 9 D9<G 5 5B @>8F= ;9 B5

?E>?86?E:EI6 + 8QB9: U89>=6 B5:
?=6:9?896?E5:, D>=: 8;G =:- E6?B8M96;= 5
9>65KN- U89>=6 BB9S5;=: 5B <E:<= 9>>=> 5B
OEF=?>9:G 5 U89 D56 :9>E5 789 5KB= :9 =F8:=
5 9;>= ?5>5 5 ?5>5 W 5B !" %X
+ F>96;EI 9;>= B5 B9??EI6 UE65B<96D9, :D5 9:

78EHQ B5 CBDE<5 56N?;=D5 F9>:=65B 789
9:?8?O5<=: 5?9>?5 ;9 9;>=- F=>789 8?5:-
78E96 9:?>EKEI 9B BEK>= ;9 9?O=:- :E@8EI <Q:
9B <E6E:D9>E= ;9 5KB= 789 9B ;9 9;>= E6
9<K5>@=- B5: ;=: 9FG :D=B5: ;9 9;>= ?=6
<8?O5 F>=K5KEBE;5; U89>=6 9:?>ED5: ;9:F8N:
56
;9 9:D9 9S96D=- M 9;>=- 96 F5>DE?8B5>-
:8@E9>9 865 ?=69VEI6 96D>9 9:D=: 9S96D=: 96
B5 SE;5 ;9 9;>= M B5 <569>5 ?=<= NB 96:9TI
5 B5 E@B9:E5 F>E<EDES5
78EN6 9: 5789B 789 =: F=;>Q O5?9> ;5T=- :E

S=:=D>=: :9@8G : 9B KE96, 5: D5<KEN6 :E
5B@865 ?=:5 F5;9?NE: F=> ?58:5 ;9 B5 A8:DE?E5-
KE965S96D8>5;=: :=E: => D56D=- 6= =:
5<9;>96DNE: F=> D9<=> ;9 9BB=:- 6E =:
?=6D8>KNE: E6= :56DEUE?5; 5 E=: 9B 9T=> 96
S89:D>=: ?=>5H=69: W 9; %" %4 (5X
9;>= ;9?G 5" = D9<56 5 B5 @96D9\D9<56 5B

9T=> B :5KG
5 789 9B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9
F=;G5 :9> 865 D>5<F5
5 96D9 & 89:D>= ;=B= U5S=>ED=
+ 8N9: B= 789 DE9696 96 ?=<C6 9B D9<=> 5 B5

S9>@[96H5 M 9B D9<=> 5B >9?O5H=, :56;= 865
E<5@96 KG KBE?5- 5<K=: E6;E?56 789 B5 @96D9 9:
689:D>= G ;=B= U5S=>ED= 5 9V5BD5<=: F=>
96?E<5 ;9 E=: 5 5;=>5<=: ?=<= 78E969:
DE9696 865 <E>5;5 F969D>56D9 ?=<= B5 ;9 E=:
WD9<=> 5 B5 S9>@[96H5X = ?=<= 78E969: DE9696
B5 O5KEBE;5; :9<9A56D9 5 E=: ;9 BB965>6=:
;9 58D=9:DE<5- 5<=>- 5;<E>5?EI6- 5?9FD5?EI6-
M =D>=: ;9:9=: F:E?=BI@E?=: W D9<=> 5B
>9?O5H=X
856;= F96:5<=: 96 G ;=B=:- 8:85B<96D9

F96:5<=: 96 K55B M =D>5: ?>95?E=69:
<5D9>E5B9: O9?O5: F=> O=<K>9: 6 :9@86;=
57
B8@5>- F96:5<=: 96 9B ;E69>= 5>5: S9?9:
F96:5<=: 96 689:D>= ?I6M8@9- 689:D>=: OEA=:-
= 86 5<E@= ;9 B5 9:?89B5 9>= B5: F9>:=65:
:=6 689:D>=: G;=B=: U5S=>ED=: BB=: 9VE:D96
;9:;9 56D9: ;9 K55B- 9B ;E69>= M 9B F=;9>
=<= D=;= G;=B=- B5: F9>:=65: :=6 ?>E5D8>5:-
6= :=6 9B >95;=> W =< "!(X- M 6= <9>9?96
689:D>5 5;=>5?EI6 5 @96D9 9: 5;=>5;5
F=>789 F9>?EKE<=: 789 DE9696 9B F=;9> F5>5
;5>6=: 5B@= 96:5<=: 789 F89;96
K96;9?E>6=:
856;= >9UB9VE=65: :=K>9 9:D= D9 ;5: ?896D5

;9 789 B5 E;=B5D>G 5 9: B5 9:D>5D9@E5 <Q:
56DE@85 ;9B ?=>5HI6 O8<56= =: =KA9D=: ;9
5;=>5?EI6 F89;96 ?5<KE5> ?=6 9B DE9<F=- F9>=
9B ?=>5HI6 F9><569?9 :E96;= 9B <E:<= =
789 5O=>5 O5?9<=: 6= 9: ;EU9>96D9 5 B= 789
B=: E:>59BED5: OE?E9>=6 ?=6 9B K9?9>>= ;9 =>=
856;= B=: E:>59BED5: :5BE9>=6 ;9 @EFD=- :9
:96DG56 <8M S8B69>5KB9: M 69?9:ED5;=: W M
D96G56 86 ?=>5HI6 ;8>= M >9K9B;9X 86789
O5KG 56 :E;= D9:DE@=: ;9B F=;9> ;9 E=:-
D8SE9>=6 D9<=> 9 :E6DE9>=6 U89>5 ;9 ?=6D>=B
5 :=B8?EI6 U89 9:?=@9> 86 G ;=B= 96 S9H ;9B
E=: S9>;5;9>= B O5?9> 9:D=- :9 9:D5K56
=F=6E96;= M 9S5;E96;= 5 E=:
9 =F8:E9>=6 5 E=: 5B ?=6UE5> 96 9BB=: <E:<=:

M :8: F>=FE=: ;E=:9: 96 S9H ;9 ?=6UE5> 96 9B
E=: S9>;5;9>= 9:F8N: ;9 D=;=- 6= F=;G 56
D969> B5 ?9>D9H5 5K:=B8D5 ;9 9:9 E=: EK5 5
K96;9?E> 5 B5: <8A9>9: ?=6 U9>DEBE;5; 78N
;9 9:=: =D>=: ;E=:9: 789 F5>9?G56 D969> F=;9>
58
F5>5 ;5> ?=:9?O5: 5K86;56D9:, IB= 96 ?5:=
;9 789 E=: 6= U89>5 :8UE?E96D9- 9BB=:
?=<96H5>=6 5 :9@8E> 5 =D>=: ;E=:9: 96:5>=6
789 B=: G ;=B=: B9: ;5>G
56 B= 789 ;9:95K56 =
:96DG56 789 69?9:ED5K56 9:95K56 86 ;E=:
789 F8;E9>56 ?=6D>=B5> M <56EF8B5> =
;9:95K56 5 65;E9 96?E<5 ;9 9BB=: <E:<=:-
E6?B8M96;= 5 E=: 96:5>=6 789 E=: 6= EK5
5 :9> ?5F5H ;9 E> 5B F5:= ;9 :8: ;9:9=:- M
K8:?5>=6 K96;E?EI6 M :5DE:U5??EI6 96 5B@= 789
F8;E9>56 ?=6D>=B5> 9:95K56 O5?9> :8
S=B86D5; 96 S9H ;9 B5 ;9 E=: :D5 9: B5
5BD8>5 ;9 B5 >9K9BEI6
B :9@8E> 5 =D>=: ;E=:9:- B=: E:>59BED5: D5<KEN6

789>G 56 9S5;E> 5 E=: :D= B9: ?=6S96G 5 <Q:
789 B5 ?=6UE56H5 96 B B F89KB= ;9 :>59B
686?5 56D9: O5KG 5 SE:D= 86 ;9:FBE9@89 ;9
:56DE;5; ?=<= 9B 789 SE9>=6 96 9B E65G 5B
:56DE;5; B=: ;9AI :E6DEN6;=:9 S8B69>5KB9: M 5B
;9:?8KE9>D= 9 ;E9>=6 ?896D5 ;9 :8 F>=FE5
S9>@[96H5 5>5 BE;E5> ?=6 9:D9 D9>>=> :56D=-
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2
Harold S. Kushner, When bad Things Happen to Good People (New York: Schochen,
1981), 43.
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?=>D5 B5 ;=B=>=:5 E6D>=:F9??EI6 5:=?E5;5 ?=6 9B
D9<=> 5 B=: ;9<Q:
( B <86;= 78E9>9 789 B9 D9<5 5

B5 @96D9
B E6;ESE;85BE:<=- 5B F>E6?EFE=- :IB= :=?5S5 B5:

SE>D8;9: ;9 B5 SE;5 FCKBE?5\ F9>=- 5 B5>@=
FB5H=- 5D5?5 M ;9:D>8M9 D=;5: B5: ;9<Q:- M
9:DQ 5K:=>D= 96 @>56 <9;E;5 96 9B 9@=G :<=
B 9@=G :<= 9: 86 SE?E= D56 56DE@8= ?=<= 9B
<86;= 9B E6;ESE;85BE:<= DE969 86 =>E@96
;9<=?>QDE?= B9VE: 9 =?789SEBB9
= 69?9:ED5<=: :9> F9>:85;E;=: =

<56EF8B5;=: F5>5 F=69> 689:D>5 9:F9>56H5
<Q: 96 B5 @96D9 789 96 E=: =<= B=:
K9>>E6?O9: ;9 B=: 6ET=:- 9:D9 6= 9: 86
?=<F=>D5<E96D= 789 69?9:ED9 :9> =K:9>S5;= =
5F>96;E;= B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 9: 5B@= 789
95
O5?9<=: ?=6 65D8>5BE;5; 9:;9 B5 5G ;5- 9:
86 E6:DE6D= O8<56= 9>=- D>E:D9<96D9-
689:D>=: ?=>5H=69: DE9696 86 ?I<FBE?9 96 9B
;9BED= B <86;= M :8: :8F=:E?E=69: 6=
KGKBE?5: 5@>5S56 689:D>5 D96;96?E5 5 D9<9> =
>9S9>96?E5> 5 B=: ;9<Q:
5:= %" ;96DEUE?5> 96 ;I6;9 D8D9<=> 5B

O=<K>9
O=<K >9 O5 :E;= E6D96:EUE?5;= F=> B5:
:8F=:E?E=69: ;9B <86;=
:D= 6= ;9K9 :9> :=>F>9:5 5 EKBE5 6=:

5;SE9>D9 789 9VE:D9 96 9B <86;= 865 F58D5
?5BB5;5 M 56DEKGKBE?5 789 6=: >89@5 789 6=:
?=6U=><9<=: 5 9BB5 B 9T=>
?=6:D56D9<96D9 5;SE>DEI 5B :>59B ;9B 6DE@8=
9:D5<96D= ;9 789 9B <86;= 5 :8 5B>9;9;=>
?=6 :8: F>Q?DE?5: ;9 E;=B5D>G 5- 9>5 865
5<965H5 F9BE@>=:5 5 @B9:E5 F>E<EDES5-
D5<KEN6- U89 E6UB896?E5;5 F=> 9B <86;= 5
?8BD8>5 A8;G5 :9 <56D96G 5 A5B56;= 9B <96:5A9
;9B 9S56@9BE= O5?E5 B5: =K>5: <9>ED=>E5: M 9B
B9@5BE:<= W =B !X E9>D5<96D9 689:D>5 9>5
6= 9: ;EU9>96D9 ;9 =D>=: DE9<F=: 96 B5 OE:D=>E5
;9B F89KB= ;9 E=: 5<KEN6 9B <86;= DE96D5
689:D>=: ?=>5H=69: F5>5 SESE> K8:?56;= B5
5F>=K5?EI6 ;9 B=: ;9<Q:
+ I<= 9:DE<8B5 9B <86;= W 689:D>5 ?5>69

%
?=>F=>5DES5 X 9B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9,
=6:E;9>9<=: 5B@86=: 9A9<FB=: 65
=K:9>S5?EI6 ?=<C6 5?9>?5 ;9 689:D>= <86;=
3
Richard Lovelace, Renewal as a Way of Life (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press,
1985), 86.
96
9: 789 SESE<=: 96 865 ?8BD8>5 ;9 SG ?DE<5:
E9<F>9 9: B5 ?8BF5 ;9 =D>5 F9>:=65 C 9>9:
>9:F=6:5KB9 ;9 <E: 5??E=69: C6 ?8BF5<=: 5
=D>5: F9>:=65: ?=<= B=: >9:F=6:5KB9: ;9 9:D5
?8BD8>5 ;9 SG ?DE<5:" B=: 5K=@5;=: :=6 B=:
?8BF5KB9: =: SE?DE<EH5>=6 F5>5 BB9@5> 5 :9>
B5 ?8BD8>5 ;9 B5: SG
?DE<5:
=D9<=: B5: E<FBE?5?E=69: ;9 D5B E6D9>?5<KE=

;9 ?8BF5KEBE;5; :D5<=: ;E?E96;= 789 B5:
;9<Q: F9>:=65: ?=6D>=B56 689:D>=
?=<F=>D5<E96D= + = 9: 9:= 9B D9<=> 5B
O=<K>9, E :=<=: SG ?DE<5: ?>I6E?5:- 9:D5<=:
?5<KE56;= 9B B=?8: ;9 ?=6D>=B ;9 6=:=D>=:
O5?E5 B=: ;9<Q: :D5<=: ;E?E96;= 789 B=:
;9<Q: 6=: U89>H56 5 O5?9> B5: ?=:5: =>
:8F89:D=- 9VE:D9 B5 S9>;5;9>5 SE?DE<EH5?EI6 96
9:D9 <86;=- F9>= ?5:E D=;=: >9?=6=?96 789
O9<=: U=>A5;= 865 >5H5 ;9 SG ?DE<5:
?=<FB9D5<96D9 689S5 M :=:F9?O=:5
B N6U5:E: 96 B5 58D=9:DE<5 D5<KEN6

?=6D>EK8M9 5B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 => 9A9<FB=-
586789 B5 <5M=>G 5 ;9 B=: BEK>=: ;9 58D=9:DE<5
E6;E?56 789 9: 5B@= 789 F89;9: ;9:5>>=BB5>
F=> DE <E:<=- ?5:E D=;=: B=: BEK>=: D5<KEN6
;E?96 789 865 ;9 B5: <9A=>9: <569>5: F5>5
9B9S5> D8 58D=9:DE<5 9: B=@>56;= 5B@86=:
NVED=: WB=: ?8QB9: :=6 ?=<F5>5;=: ?=6 B= 789
B=: ;9<Q: O5?96X = >=;9Q6;=D9 ;9 F9>:=65:
789 D9 ;E@56 ?=:5: F=:EDES5: W B= ?85B D9 ;9A5
;9F96;E96D9 ;9 :8: =FE6E=69:X E DE969:
;E69>=- D858D=9:DE<5 F89;9 :9> E6UB5;5 F=> 86
D9>5F98D5 ?QBE;= M 9<FQDE?=
97
VE:D96 :8F=:E?E=69: ?5BB5;5: M 6= KG KBE?5: 96
689:D>5 ?8BD8>5 789 <=B;956 689:D>=
F96:5<E96D= M ;E?D56 B5: F>9@86D5: 789
O5?9<=: B@865: S9?9: B9 BB5<5<=: 5 9:D=
9B <86;=- ?=<= 96 9B <86;=- B5 ?5>69 M 9B
;E5KB= :D5: :8F=:E?E=69: E6?B8:ES9 5U9?D56
689:D>5: E6D9>F>9D5?E=69: ;9 B5 EKBE5 =>
9A9<FB=- F89:D= 789 689:D>5 ?8BD8>5 6=: O5
96:9T5;= 5 F96:5> E6;ESE;85BE:D5<96D9 96 S9H
;9 ?=>F=>5DES5<96D9- :=<=: F>=F96:=: 5
F96:5> 5?9>?5 ;9 <G96 S9H ;9 F96:5> 96
6=:=D>=: 65 EB8:D>5?EI6 ?BQ:E?5 9: 689:D>5
E6D9>F>9D5?EI6 ;9 M 6= ;9E: B8@5> 5B ;E5KB=
W U9 )"!/X :D9 F5:5A9 ?=6:E:D96D9<96D9 9:
5FBE?5;= 5B E6;ESE;8= :D= 9:- :E 9:DQ:
96=A5;= F9?5<E6=:5<96D9- 5D56Q: D96;>Q
?E9>D= DEF= ;9 ?=6D>=B :=K>9 D8 SE;5 86789
9:D= F89;9 :9> S9>;5;- 96 9B ?=6D9VD=- 9B
F5:5A9 9:DQ O5KB56;= ;9 B5 @B9:E5 5
9FG :D=B5 5 B=: U9:E=: D>5D5 5?9>?5 ;9 B5 86E;5;
;9 B5 @B9:E5 B B8@5> :9 >9UE9>9 5 B5
E6UB896?E5 ;ESE:=>5 ;9 5D56Q: 96 9B 89>F= ;9
>E:D= 96 S9H;9 5 B5 F=:9:EI6 ;9 86 E6;ESE;8=
5 :=B8?EI6 9: B5 KC:789;5 S9O9<96D9 ;9 B5
86E;5; 96 B5 E@B9:E5
= E<F=>D5 ?8Q6 KG KBE?=: F96:9<=: 789

:=<=:- 9: E<F=:EKB9 9SED5> 9B :9> 5U9?D5;=:
F=> 9:D5: :8F=:E?E=69: 5: F>9:8F=:E?E=69:
;9B <86;= 9:DQ6 96 9B 5E>9 789 >9:FE>5<=:
+ B@865 S9HO5: 9:D5;= 96 9B :<=@ ;9 B5 @>56

?E8;5;, 9?89>;= B5 F>E<9>5 S9H789 <569A9
98
O5?E5 =: 6@9B9: ED9>5B<96D9 <9 E6D>=;8A9
5 865 K8>K8A5 ;9 :<=@ E6 9<K5>@=- 865
S9H 789 M5 9:D5K5 96 =: 6@9B9:- 9B :<=@
F5>9?EI ;9:5F5>9?9> E>5K5 O5?E5 9B ?E9B= M
5F5>96D5K5 9:D5> ;9 86 ?=B=> 5H8B F9>U9?D=
E9<F>9 M ?856;= 6= O8KE9>5 5B@C6 U=6;=-
?=<= B5: <=6D5T5:- 9B 5E>9 :9 S9G 5 ?B5>G
:E<=
:D5 9: B5 65D8>5B9H5 ;9 B5: :8F=:E?E=69: ;9B
<86;= 856;= 9:DQ: >=;95;= ;9 9BB5:- 6=
B5: F89;9: S9>
89:D>5 <9D5 96 9:D9 ?5FG D8B= 9: D=<5> 86

<=<96D= M 6=D5> 9B :<=@ 789 6=: >=;95
9?9:ED5<=: S9> 789 96 689:D>5 K5D5BB5 96
?=6D>5 ;9 :9> ?=6D>=B5;=: F=> =D>5: F9>:=65:-
9:D5<=: B8?O56;= 6= :IB= ?=6D>5 689:D>=
F>=FE= ?=>5HI6- :E6= D5<KEN6 ?=6D>5 B5:
?=>>E96D9: ;9 689:D>5 ?8BD8>5
B@865: 8F=:E?E=69: =;9>65:
=: ?5<KE=: E<F=>D56D9: 96 B5 ?8BD8>5

?=<96H5>=6 5B UE65B ;9 B5 ;N?5;5 ;9 B=: /3 M
F>E6?EFE=: ;9 B=: 13 6D9: ;9 9:D5 NF=?5- B5
@96D9 ?>9G 5 789 O5KG 5 865 9:D>8?D8>5 96 9B
<86;= F>9=>;965;5 M ;ESE65 =;5: B5:
F9>:=65: M ?5;5 ?=:5 D96G 56 :8 B8@5> E
65?G 5: 96 ?E9>D5 ?B5:9- U5<EBE5 = ?=<86E;5;- D8
SE;5 9:D5K5 9:D5KB9?E;5 F5>5 DE =M 6@BN:-
:=M <E9<K>= ;9 B5 F5>>=78E5 ;9 56D5 65-
:=M @>56A9>=- M :=M 9B :9@86;= OEA= ;9
5>B=: 5B 9>5 D8 E;96DE;5; = O5KG 5
69?9:E;5; ;9 ;9?E:E=69: S=?5?E=65B9: =
>9BE@E=:5:\N:D5: M5 O5KG 56 :E;= D=<5;5: F=>
99
DE 5KG56 <8M F=?5: ?>E:E: ;9 E;96DE;5;
?856;= D=;=: :5KG 56 78EN69: 9>56 M 78N :9
:8F=6G 5 789 ;9KG56 :9> =6:9?896D9<96D9-
B=: F>=KB9<5: ;9 58D=9:DE<5 >5>5: S9?9:
5UB=>5K56 W :D= 6= 78E9>9 ;9?E> 789 B5 ?8BD8>5
6= D96G 5 =D>=: F>=KB9<5:\ :E<FB9<96D9 789
B5: F>9@86D5: :=K>9 B5 E;96DE;5; M
F9>:=65BE;5; :9 ?=6UE@8>5K56 ;9 ;EU9>96D9
<569>5X
= =K:D56D9- 9B :8>@E<E96D= ;9 B5 ?B5:9 <9;E5

?5<KEI<8?O= ;9 9:9 F96:5<E96D= =: >=B9:
96 B5 SE;5 M5 6= 9:D5K56 9:?>ED=: 96 FE9;>5
856;= B5 ?B5:9 <9;E5 UB9VE=6I:8 <C:?8B= 96
B5 9S=B8?EI6 >56?9:5 W /12X- :8>@E9>=6
689S=: F96:5<E96D=: >5;E?5B9: 5?9>?5 ;9 B5
SE;5 M B5 E;96DE;5; W M B5: F=:EKEBE;5;9: 789 6=
:9 O5KG 56 9VFB=>5;= F>9SE5<96D9X :D9
9S96D= U89 865 <5>?5 F=BG DE?5 ;9 5B@= <8?O=
<Q: F>=U86;= 789 9:D5K5 =?8>>E96;= B
K=>>5> B5: ;E:DE6?E=69: 96D>9 9B F5;>9 M 9B OEA=-
9B 6=KB9 M 9B FB9K9M=- M :E6 86 ?B5>=
F96:5<E96D= KG KBE?= <=B;956;= B5 689S5
9:D>8?D8>5 :=?E5B- :8>@EI 865 689S5
?=:<=SE:EI6 789 F=6G 5 <8?O= <Q: S5B=> 96 9B
?>9?E<E96D= E6;ESE;85B- B5 E;96DE;5; F9>:=65B- M
B5 E6<96:E;5; ;9 F=:EKEBE;5;9: F5>5 B5
F9>:=65- :E6 O5?9> >9U9>96?E5 5 B5 :8A9?EI6 5 B5
58D=>E;5; ;ESE65 :D9 U89 9B :8>@E<E96D= ;9
B5 ?8BD8>5 ??E;96D5B ?=<= B5 ?=6=?9<=: O=M
96 ;G5- M O5 :E;= BB5<5;5 ?=6 A8:D5 >5HI6 9B
:8>@E<E96D= ;9B ?8BD= 5B M=
100
8F=:E?E=69: 5?9>?5 ;9 E=:
=;5SG5 E=: 9>5 F5>D9 ;9 B5 ?8BD8>5 9

O9?O=- B5 <5M=>G 5 ;9 B5 @96D9- D56D= 56D9:
?=<= 5O=>5- ;E>G 56 789 E=: 9VE:D9 M 789 9B
5B<5 9: E6<=>D5B := :8965 K5:D56D9 KE96 &
86 F=?= :E<FB9- 78EHQ- :E6 865 <96?EI6 5?9>?5
;9 9:C:- F9>= F5>9?9 :9> ?>E:DE56E:<= 96
9:96?E5
9>= K>E6789<=: 5B F>9:96D9 F=> 86

<=<96D= + I<= >95??E=65>G5: 5 B=:
>9:8BD5;=: ;9 865 96?89:D5 >9?E96D9 789
E6;E?5 789 B5 S5:D5 <5M=>G 5 ;9 B=:
9:D5;=86E;96:9: ?>996 96 E=:- 96 B5 SE;5
8BD>5D8<K5- M 586 96 B5 9VE:D96?E5 ;9 B=:
Q6@9B9:, + 9 56E<5 5 F96:5> 789 :D5;=:
6E;=: 9: 86 F5G : ?>E:DE56=, +9:DQ: 5B@=
:=:F9?O=:=- 789>E96;= O5?9> 5B@865:
F>9@86D5: <Q:, >=K5KB9<96D9 F89;9:
5;ESE65> <E >95??EI6 ESE<=: 96 86 DE9<F=
96 9B 789 O5M 86 >9:8>@E<E96D= ;9 B5
?=6S9>:5?EI6 5?9>?5 ;9 E=: M ;9B B96@85A9
9:FE>ED85B- F9>= >5>5: S9?9: DE9696 5B@= 789
S9> ?=6 789 >E:D= <8>EI F=> 689:D>=:
F9?5;=:- ?=6U=><9 5 B5: :?>ED8>5:\M 789 U89
:9F8BD5;=- M 789 >9:8?EDI 5B D9>?9> ;G 5-
?=6U=><9 5 B5: :?>ED8>5:\ M 789 5F5>9?EI 5
9U5:- M ;9:F8N: 5 B=: ;=?9 W => ("%4(X
=: ;=: CBDE<=: :E@B=: O56 E6D>=;8?E;= 86

B96@85A9 5?9>?5 ;9 E=: 789 :8965 KE96 F9>=
9:DQ ;ES=>?E5;= ;9B ?=6D96E;= KGKBE?= =>
9A9<FB=- 9B UEBI:=U= U>56?N: =8::958 O5KBI
101
5?9>?5 ;9 E=:- F9>= 96?=6D>I 5 :8 ;E=: 96 B5
65D8>5B9H5 8 ;E=: 9>5 D=;= F5HM K=6;5;- M
<=SG 5 5 :8 F89KB= 5 86 :96DE<E96D= ;9
5;=>5?EI6 =8::958 ?5<KEI 9B 96U=789 ;9
865 >9S9B5?EI6 =KA9DES5 W B5 EKBE5X 5 865
9VF9>E96?E5 :8KA9DES5 W :96DE<E96D=:X- ;9 B5:
=D>5: F9>:=65: 5 B5 SE;5 E6D9>65- M ;9B 5<=> 5
E=: M 5B F>IAE<= 5 86 5<=> 5B M=
+ 89;9: S9> 96 9:D= 9B K=:789A= ;9 B5 ?8BD8>5

<=;9>65 & M ;9 6=:=D>=:, 5 58D=>E;5; ;9 B=:
:96DE<E96D=: M 9B B96@85A9 ;9 B5 9:FE>ED85BE;5;
:E6 9B ?=6D96E;= & 9:D5: :=6 B5: :8F=:E?E=69:
;9 689:D>5 ?8BD8>5
=> :8F89:D=- 9:D5: :8F=:E?E=69: 6= F89;96

?=6DE685> F=> <8?O= DE9<F= :E6 789 B5:
E<FBE?5?E=69: >95B9: 5?9>?5 ;9 E=: 9<9>A56 5
B5 :8F9>UE?E9 5 >9S=B8?EI6 :EB96?E=:5 O5
9:D5;= ?=<F>=<9DE;5 5 9V5BD5>6=: 5 6=:=D>=:
<E:<=: M 5 ?=6:E;9>5> 5 E=: ?=<= <96=:
789 :56D= M :=K9>56= 6 ;E:?8>:= ;9 5BF
J5B;= <9>:=6 ;9A= D=;= 9:D= KE96 ?B5>="
86789 B5 SE;5 ;9 9:C: :95 ;ESE65- P 78N

8BD>5A9 9: >9F>9:96D5>B5 ?=<= 9B 978ES5B96D9
;9B 86ES9>:=R =<5> 5 86 O=<K>9 K896= F=>
5??E;96D9 789 SESEI96 5B@C6 B8@5> M DE9<F=- M
;9?E>B9 5 B5 689S5 5B<5 >965?E;5" 9 578GD8
<=;9B= Y :E@89 B5 ;E>9??EI6 ;9 9:9 E6;ESE;8=
;9B F5:5;=- 5:8<9 :8: <=;5B9:- >9FED9 :8:
F5B5K>5:- 4 9:D5 9: B5 B=?8>5 ;9B ?>E:DE56E:<= Y
= ;=M B5 9:F5B;5 5 9:D=: 8:8>F5;=>9: B
102
'
5B<5 :E9<F>9 ?>99 96 :G<E:<5 B E6D9>N:
:8F>9<= O5 BB9@5;= 5 :9> 9B M= E E=:- 6E
DC- :E6= M=
+ 89;9: S9> B5: ?=69VE=69: 96D>9 9B 5M9> M 9B

O=M, 89:D>5 ?8BD8>5 O5 5;=FD5;= 5 86 E=:
?=<= B= 96D96;9<=: 78E96 9: ?=6=?E;= F=>
<9;E= ;9 86 SE5A9 5 689:D>= E6D9>E=> 5
E=:4 9F96;96?E5 9: W X 5F=M5>D9 96 D8
F>=FE= 96D96;E<E96D= ;9 B= 789 9: M O5?9 86
E=: 5<=>=:= F=> DE ( 5M <EBB5>9: ;9
96U=789: :=K>9 B5 =>5?EI6 M B5 <9;ED5?EI6 9
6E6@865 <569>5 9VE:D9 865 <569>5 ?=>>9?D5
W X 5 ?=:5 >95B 9: B5 9VF9>E96?E5 S9>;5;9>5
;9 E=: W X
B ?>9?E<E96D= 9:FE>ED85B SE969 5B F>=U86;EH5>

<E 96D96;E<E96D= ;9 <G<E:<= ) :D=: :=6
B=: U>8D=: ;9 865 ?8BD8>5 FB8>5BE:D5 ;9B DEF=
DC4O5?9:4B=4D8M=4M4M=4B=4 <G = = D96@= <E
S9>:EI6 ;9 E=:- M D8 DE969: D8 S9>:EI6 ;9
E=: B C6E?= 5?D= E6<=>5B 96 D5B ?8BD8>5 9:
;9?E> 789 D8 S9>:EI6 ;9 E=: 9: :8F9>E=> 5 B5
;9 B=: ;9<Q:
<9;E;5 ;9 789 9:D5 :8F=:E?EI6 O5 @565;=

<5M=> 5?9FD5?EI6- O5 O5KE;= 86 E6?>9<96D=
:E6 F>9?9;96D9: 96 B5 ;9F>9:EI6 M 86 58<96D=
5B5><56D9 ;9 F9>:=65: 789 ?=6UE9:56 9:D5>
4
Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks, VII:1838-42, ed.
A. W. Plumstead and H. Hayford (Cambridge, Mass,: Harvard University Press, 1969),
254.
5
Lynne Bundesen, GodDependency (New York: Crossway, 1989), 59
6
John Bradshaw, Bradshaw On: The Family (Deerfield Beach, Fla.; Health
Communications, 1988), 234, 236.
103
5E>5;=: 96 ?=6D>5 ;9 E=: 5M 86 ?B5<=> ;9
B5 @96D9 789 ;9<56;56 ;9 F5>D9 ;9 E=:
>9:F89:D5: M ;9>9?O=: 89@=- 78EHQ 96 9B
?96ED ;9 B5 9V5BD5?EI6 ;9B M= - 5B@86=:
?BN>E@=: M ?=6:9A9>=: 96 S9>;5; 56E<56 5
D5B9: F9>:=65: 5E>5;5: 5 F9>;=65> 5 E=:
+ 89;9: S9> ?=<= 9:D5: :8F=:E?E=69: E6UB8M96

96 9B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9, 85B78E9> ?=:5 789
9>=:E=69 9B D9<=> 5 E=: E6D96:EUE?5>Q 9B D9<=>
5B O=<K>9
8F=:E?E=69: 5?9>?5 ;9 6=:=D>=: <E:<=:
E 689:D>5 ?8BD8>5 9:DQ <5B ;E>E@E;5 96 :8

96D96;E<E96D= ;9 E=:- 96D=6?9: 9:D5>Q <5B
;E>E@E;5 96 :8 96D96;E<E96D= ;9 B5 @96D9 789
9:DQ O9?O5 5 8E<5@96 9:D=- ?E9>D5<96D9-
9: B= 789 S9<=: 96 B5: :8F=:E?E=69: 789
>8DE65>E5<96D9 :9 DE9696 5?9>?5 ;9 B5
65D8>5B9H5 ;9B O=<K>9 95<=: 5B@865: ;9
9BB5:
=<=: <=>5B<96D9 K896=: B 5E>9 789

>9:FE>5<=: 6=: ;E?9 789 9B <5B 6= 9VE:D9
;96D>= ;9 6=:=D>=:- :E6= 9VE:D9 U89>5 ;9
6=:=D>=: 5 U89>H5 ;9D>Q: ;9 9:D5 :8F=:E?EI6
?=<96HI ?=6 B5 ?>996?E5 ;9B :E@B= . . ;9 789
F=;9<=: 96?=6D>5> E6=?96?E5 O8<565 M
K9BB9H5 <=>5B E665D5 96 5789BB=: 789 6= O56
:E;= ?=>>=<FE;=: F=> B5 ?ESEBEH5?EI6- ?=<= 96
9B ?5:= ;9 B=: 6ET=: B 6ET=- ;9 5?89>;= ?=6
104
?OB9@9B- 9>5 9B 9:F9A= ?B5>= 96 9B 789
F=;9<=: <E>5> B=: :9?>9D=: ;9B 5<=> ;ESE6= /
+ 8965 9:D= U5<EBE5>, + 5: 9:?8?O5;= ;9B

6ET= 789 DE969: ;96D>= , 9 FE96:5 789 9: B5
9:96?E5 E6=?96D9 789 9VE:D9 ;96D>= ;9 D=;=:
6=:=D>=: =6 D5B 65D8>5B9H5 9:FE>ED85B- B5
@96D9 F89;9 K8:?5> 96 9BB=: <E:<=: B5
;ESE6E;5; M B5 >9S9B5?EI6 5<89B =B9>E;@9-
96 E=@>5FOE5 ED9>5>E5 W 1 /X- 9:?>EKEI"
=<96H5<=: ?=6 9B $ - F5>5
?=6?B8E> ?=6 9B 5K:=B8D= >=?9;9<=:
;9:;9 9B - F5>5 F9>;9> M 96?=6D>5> D=;= 9B
M= 96 E=: 5 6= O5KG 5 69?9:E;5; ;9 K8:?5>
B5 S9>;5; U89>5 ;9B = & M5 :95 96 E=: 8
=D>5: F9>:=65: 5 S9>;5; 9: 96?=6D>5;5 96
B5 F9>:=65
P 8Q6 <=;9>6= 9: 9:D=R :D5: :8F=:E?E=69:

F89;96 :9> 96?=6D>5;5: 96 B5: =UE?E65: ;9
?=6:9A9>G
5 ;=6;9 B=: ?>E:DE56=: :=6
E<F9>D8>K5KB9: ?=6 >9:F9?D= 5B F9>;I6 ;9
F9?5;=:- 6= =K:D56D9 :=6 @85>;E569: ?9B=:=:
;9 B5: 69?9:E;5;9: F9>:=65B9: F89;96 :9>
96?=6D>5;=: 96 B5 <5M=>G 5 ;9 B=: F>=@>5<5:
;9 96D>9SE:D5: 96 ;=6;9 B5 58D=>9S9B5?EI6 9:
;9>>=?O5;5 M @B=>EUE?5;5
=6:E;9>5 9B ?=<96D5>E= ;9 5DO56E9B >56;96

96 9B BEK>= =6=>E6@ DO9 :9BU- 86 BEK>= 5B5K5;=
96 9B K9:D :9BB9> ;9 9B=;M 95DDE9-
=;9F96;96D = <=>9
7
An Anthology of Modern Philosophy, Comp. D.S. Robinson (New York: Thomas
Crowell, 1931). 508.
105
=6>5> 5B M= 9: 9:D5> 965<=>5;=: ;9
689:D>5 F>=FE5 SE;5- 965<=>5;=: ;9 689:D>5:
F=:EKEBE;5;9: ;9 ?>9?E<E96D= M ;9
9VF9>E<96D5> @=H=- 965<=>5;=: ;9B F>=?9:=
;9 ;9:?8K>E> M 9VFB=>5> 689:D>5:
F=D96?E5BE;5;9: O8<565: F9?8BE5>9: => B=
D56D= F=;9<=: S9> 789 O=6>5> 5B M= 9:
F>5?DE?5> 9B 9@=G :<= 96 9B :96DE;= ;9 B5
F5B5K>5 <Q: 5BD=- 6=KB9 M <96=: 96D96;E;=
9:D=- ;9K= 5>@[E>- >978E9>9 96=><9
E6;9F96;96?E5- S5B=> 9 E6D9@>E;5; 1
:D5: F5B5K>5: 6= O8KE9>56 :E;= 9:?>ED5: 56D9:

;9 133 :E B= O8KE9>56 :E;=- O8KE9>56 :E;=
?=6;965;5: ?=<= B5: F5B5K>5: ;9 86 O9>9A9
=M 96 ;G 5- :=6 B5: F5B5K>5: ;9 B5 @96D9 96 B5
?5BB9 =6 :8F=:E?E=69: U86;5<96D5B9: ;9 B5
?8BD8>5" :=<=: K8965: F9>:=65: 789 ;9K9<=:
5<5>6=: 5 6=:=D>=: <E:<=: F5>5 :9>
:5B8;5KB9:
<5 5 D8 F>IAE<= ?=<= 5 DE <E:<= W 5D

2" 2X 9: ?=6:E;9>5;= B5 9SE;96?E5 KG KBE?5
WF5>5 5789BB=: 789 69?9:ED56 865X 856;= B=
E6D9>F>9D5<=: 5 D>5SN: ;9 B=: 9:F9A89B=:
?8BD8>5B9:- 9:D9 S9>:G ?8B= :E@6EUE?5 789
;9K9<=: 5<5>6=: F5>5 F=;9> 5<5> 5 =D>5:
F9>:=65: 9>= 96 >95BE;5; 9B F5:5A9 6E
:E78E9>5 :8@E9>9 D5B E6D9>F>9D5?EI6 9:C: B9
;EA= 9:D5: F5B5K>5: 5 86 A=S96 >E?= 78E96 5
D=;5: B8?9: :9 5<5K5 ;9<5:E5;= 5 :G<E:<= M
8
Nathaniel Branden, Honoring The Self: Personal Integrity and the Heroic Potentials of
Human Nature (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 4.
106
5 :8: F=:9:E=69: IB= O5M 86 <56;5<E96D=
96 9:D9 F5:5A9- M 9:D9 9: 5<5 5 D8 F>IAE<=
5;E9- E6?B8M96;= 5B 9:?>ED=> ;9B 9S56@9BE=-
F8;= O5K9> :=T5;= 789 9:D9 F5:5A9 96:9T5K5
9B 5<=> 5B M= 89>=6 69?9:5>E=: 5B@86=:
?5<KE=: ?8BD8>5B9: F5>5 >9E6D9>F>9D5>B= M
S=BS9> 689:D>=: =A=: O5?E5 5;96D>=
5 EKBE5 5:8<9 789 D969<=: <Q: 789

:8UE?E96D9 F>9=?8F5?EI6 F=> 689:D>= = =:
S9:DE<=: =: ;9F>E<E<=: ?856;= B5: ?=:5:
6= :5B96 ?=<= 789>9<=: =;9<=: :9>
?=6:8<E;=: ?=6 B= 789 5B@8E96 FE96:5 ;9
6=:=D>=: 9>= B5: :8F=:E?E=69: ?8BD8>5B9: 6=:
?E9@56 9A5<=: ;9 S9> 9B :<=@ 96 9B 789
SESE<=: => B= D56D=- B=: F5:D=>9: ;9 <8?O5:
E@B9:E5: ?>9?E96D9: F>9;E?56 ?5:E ?5;5 :9<565
:=K>9 865 58D=9:DE<5 :5B8;5KB9- ?=<= :E :9
96:9T5>5 96 ?5;5 FQ@E65 ;9 B5 :?>ED8>5
8?O=: ?>E:DE56=: 686?5 S96 789 9B 5<=> 5
86= <E:<= SE969 ;9 865 ?8BD8>5 789 F=69 5B
E6;ESE;8= F=> 96?E<5 ;9 B5 ?=<86E;5;- M B89@=
:=K>9F=69 9:D9 F>E6?EFE= KQ:E?= 96 B5: FQ@E65:
;9 B5 :?>ED8>5 E6 9<K5>@=- B5 EKBE5
96D96;E;5 ?=>>9?D5<96D9 O5?9 B5 F>9@86D5-
+ => 78N9:DQ: D56 F>9=?8F5;= 96 DE <E:<=,
;9<Q:- 6=: E6;E?5 789 B5 ?8>5 F>=F89:D5 F=>
689:D>5 ?8BD8>5 W E6?>9<96D5> 9B 5<=> 5 86=
<E:<=X >95B<96D9 9: B5 96U9><9;5; E 6=
>9?=6=?9<=: B5 >95BE;5; M F>=U86;E;5; ;9
689:D>= F>=KB9<5 ?=6 9B F9?5;=- E=: :9
S=BS9>Q <96=: E<F=>D56D9- M B5 @96D9 :9>Q
<Q: E<F=>D56D9
107
5: 9<=?E=69: :=6 9B ?5<E6= O5?E5 B5 S9>;5;
E :=M 865 F9>:=65 K8965 789 =?5:E=65B<96D9
O5?9 ?=:5: <5B5:- 96D=6?9: :9 F89;9 ;9?E>
789 B= 789 :E96D= 9: D5<KEN6 K896=
@969>5B<96D9 58:D= ;EA= B :96DE<E96D= B=
9: D=;= =: :96DE<E96D=: O56 S96E;= 5 :9>
?=6:E;9>5;=: B=: <8><8BB=: E69U5KB9: ;9B 5B<5
;ESE65" :9> <=>5B<96D9 >9?D= 9: O5?9> B= 789
D8 ?=>5HI6 D9 E6:FE>9 :D5 :8F=:E?EI6 ;9?B5>5
789 ?856;= :E@89: D8: E<F8B:=: E6D9>6=: 6=
F89;9: O5?9> 5B@= <5B=
E=: <9 ;EA= 789 <9 ?5:9 ?=6 856 ;EA=

5>G5 9 S9G5 9VD5:E5;5- M 9B F5:D=> 9:F9>5K5
F=;9> ?=<F5>DE> :8U9BE?E;5;
=> U5S=>- ?8N6D5<9 86 F=?= 5?9>?5 ;9 NB
896=- D=;5SG 5 6= 9: ?>E:DE56= 9 O9?O=- :9

>9O8:5 E6?B8:ES9 5 S96E> 5 B5 @B9:E5- F9>= :9
789 S96;>Q 5B@C6 ;G 5
5>G
5- + I<= :5K9: 789 ;9K9: ?5:5>D9 ?=6
NB, + I<= D9 B= ;EA= E=:,
5:D=>- :E<FB9<96D9 B= :E96D= 9 789 9: B=

?=>>9?D=
5 ?=6S9>:5?EI6 :9 5?5KI 5>G

5 5?5K5 ;9
5F9B5> 5 B5 58D=>E;5; :8F>9<5" :8:
:96DE<E96D=: 6 ;=: 5T=:- S=BS9>Q 5 5F9B5> 5
9:D5 58D=>E;5; =D>5 S9H
108
5:D=>- 6= ?>9= 789 E=: 78E9>5 789 M=
F9><569H?5 96 865 >9B5?EI6 E6U9BEH- M O9 :E;=
E6U9BEH ?=6 856 96 9B CBDE<= 5T= = S5 5
6E6@865 @B9:E5 ?=6<E@=- 9 ?=6:8<9 96 :8
D>5K5A= M B=: ;9F=>D9:- M ?5:E 686?5 9:D5<=:
A86D=: :9V85B<96D9 E96D= 789 M5 6= B=
5<= 9 ;9?E;E;= ;ES=>?E5><9
86 96 B=: ?8BD=:- B5 <9D5 ;9 <8?O5:

F9>:=65: 9: :96DE> 5B@= ?OB9E9><5?O9>- 86
D9IB=@= 5B9<Q6 ;9 133- OEH= 789 9:D5 :95 B5
9:96?E5 ;9 B5 >9BE@EI6 5>5 NB B5 D9=B=@G5 6=
9>5 <Q: 789 9B :96DE<E96D= >9BE@E=:= F89:D=
96 F5B5K>5: B ;EA=" 5 >9BE@EI6 9: 86
:96DE<E96D= ;9 ;9F96;96?E5 5K:=B8D5 2
86789 ?OB9E9><5?O9> 9>5 9VD>9<= 96 :8:
F86D=: ;9 SE:D5- +6= 9: ?E9>D= 789 :=6
>9?=6=?EKB9: O=M 96 ;G 5, + 5: SE:D= 5 B=: 789
F>=<89S96 B5: :56E;5;9: <EB5@>=:5: F=> B5
U9, + 5: 9:?8?O5;= 5 F>9;E?5;=>9: 789
9:F9>56 F=;9> ?>95> 865 >9:F89:D5 ;9 NVD5:E:
?=6 :8: :9><=69:, B N6U5:E: ;9 B5 @B9:E5 96
B5: 9<=?E=69: F89;9 :9> <Q: ;9F96;E96D9 ;9
B5: D>5;E?E=69: ?8BD8>5B9: 789 ;9 B5 :?>ED8>5
89:D>= 96U=789 6= :=6 :IB= B5: 9<=?E=69:

FB5?96D9>5: 89:D= 789 :9 FE96:5 789 B5:
9<=?E=69: 96 @969>5B :=6 B5 U896D9 ;9
S9>;5; 5<KEN6 D96;9<=: 5 D969> 86 E6D9>N:
9:F9?E5B 96 689:D>= ;=B=> B F96:5<E96D=
?>E:DE56= =>D=;=V= :E9<F>9 O5 O5KB5;= ;9B
:8U>E<E96D=- F9>= 96 9B ?=6D9VD= ;9 B5
9
On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers (New York: Harper & Row, 1965),
106.
109
:56DEUE?5?EI6 M 6= 96 >9B5?EI6 ?=6 B5
58D=:8F9>5?EI6 5 <9D5 9: B5 @B=>E5 ;9
>E:D= :D= 9: <8M ;EU9>96D9 5 ;9?E> 789 B5:
9<=?E=69: :=6 B5: O9>>5<E96D5: 789 6=:
F9><ED96 9:D5> D=D5B<96D9 ?=6:?E96D9: ;9
689:D>5: 69?9:E;5;9: 5<KEN6 9: ?=6D>5>E= 5
B5 E;95 ;9 789 B5 :8F>9:EI6 ;9 B5: 9<=?E=69:
9: 86= ;9 B=: F9?5;=: ?5>;E65B9: ;9 689:D>5
?8BD8>5- M 789 :IB= 5B 58<96D5> B5 5?9FD5?EI6
;9 B=: :96DE<E96D=: :9 F>=<=S9>Q 689:D>=
KE969:D5>
E9>D5<96D9- B=: 5B<=: 6=: 56E<56 5 O5KB5>

O=69:D5<96D9 ?=6 E=: 96 689:D>=
:8U>E<E96D=- F9>= O=M :9 6=: ;E?9 789
5;=FD9<=: 9B :8U>E<E96D= B9@G DE<= M
96D>9<=: 5B ;=B=> 5B E6D9>N: 96 9B ;=B=>
F9>:=65B DE96;9 5 BB9S5>6=: O5?E5 5;96D>= ;9
6=:=D>=: <E:<=: 96 B8@5> ;9 5B 96D96;E<E96D=
KG KBE?= ;9 E=:- :8 ;=B=>- M B5: ?=:5:
?9B9:DE5B9: 96 B8@5> ;9 B5: D9>>965B9: =6D9
96 ?=6D5?D= ?=6 D8: 9<=?E=69: 9: 86 :=6E;=
?5>5?D9>G :DE?= ;9 B=: 5T=: 133 IB= 789
D5>;= 86 F=?= 96 @969>5BEH5>:9
:D5 9V5BD5?EI6 ;9 B=: :96DE<E96D=: O5

?5<KE5;= 689:D>5 <569>5 ;9 F96:5> =>
9A9<FB=- O5?9 F=?= 9:?8?ON 86 :9><I6 789
=U>9?G5 86 F>=FI:ED= 689S= M >=<Q6DE?= ;9 B5
=>5?EI6 B F>9;E?5;=> 9<F9HI ;E?E96;=- B
F>=FI:ED= ;9 B5 =>5?EI6 9: D969> 865
?=6:?E96?E5 ;9 B5 F>9:96?E5 ;9 E=: 8;9
>9?=@9> 5B@865: 5FBE?5?E=69: CDEB9: ;9B
:9><I6- F9>= :8 D9:E: ?96D>5B 9:D5K5
110
978ES=?5;5 5 ?=6:?E96?E5 ;9 B5 F>9:96?E5 ;9
E=: 6= 9: 9B F>=FI:ED= ;9 B5 =>5?EI6 B
F>9;E?5;=> 9:D5K5 5F9B56;= 5 B=: K8:?5;=>9:
;9 9VF9>E96?E5: 789 ;9:956 D969> 86 9<F8AI6
9<=?E=65B 96 9B ?8BD=- B=: :9><=69: M B5
=>5?EI6
8K= 86 DE9<F= 96 <E F>=FE5 SE;5 96 9B 789

F>5?DE?5K5 B5 F>9:96?E5 ;9 E=: \ 96D=6?9:-
=>5K5 ?856;= :96DG 5 :8 F>9:96?E5 =;= :5BEI
KE96 O5:D5 9B ;G 5 ?856;= 6= :96DG :8
F>9:96?E5 :F9>9 F=> O=>5: BB96= ;9
BQ@>E<5:- F9>= 686?5 :96DG 5 >9:96?E5
6D96DN =>5> F9>= :96DG5 789 D56D= M= ?=<=
<E: =>5?E=69: 9:D5K5<=: 96 86 ?85>D= :9BB5;=
O9><NDE?5<96D9 5 >9:96?E5 UE65B<96D9
SE6= 5B ;G5 :E@8E96D9 ?856;= 86 K896 5<E@=
<9 9:D5K5 5?=6:9A56;= 8 ?=<96D5>E=
:E<FB9<96D9 U89 9:D9" + => 78N 6= =>5:D9
:E<FB9<96D9 F=> U9, B <9 96:9TI865 ;9 B5:
B9??E=69: <Q: E<F=>D56D9: ;9 B5 =>5?EI6" B5
=>5?EI6 ;9F96;9 ;9 E=: M :8: F>=<9:5:- 6=
;9 <E: 9<=?E=69: 78EA=D9:?5:
E>5 5 D8 5B>9;9;=> => D=;5: F5>D9: F89;9:

:96DE> B5 9V5BD5?EI6 ;9 B=: :96DE<E96D=: =>
9A9<FB=- F89;9: 96?=6D>5>B5 96 B5 <569>5 96
B5 789 O9<=: >9SE:5;= 689:D>5 E;95 ;9 B5
S9>@[96H5 5 S9>@[96H5 :9 S9G5
=>E@E65B<96D9 ?=<= 9B >9:8BD5;= ;9 86
F>=KB9<5 96D>9 E=: M 6=:=D>=: O=>5 :9
>9;8?9 5 ?85B78E9> ?=:5 789 F>9SE969 789 6=:
:E6D5<=: KE96 ?=6 6=:=D>=: <E:<=:
111
:?8?O5 B5 F>9@86D5 F=F8B5> 96 B=: 9:D8;E=:
KG KBE?=:- + 8N :E96D9: 5?9>?5 ;9 9:D9
F5:5A9, + 9>Q F=:EKB9 789 689:D>=:
:96DE<E96D=: :=6 5 <968;= <Q: E<F=>D56D9:
F5>5 6=:=D>=: 789 B5 U9, 8M
U>9?896D9<96D9- ?856;= 689:D>5 U9 9: ;NKEB 6=
B= ?=6:E;9>5<=: 86 F>=KB9<5 :9>E= : :IB=
?856;= 689:D>=: :96DE<E96D=: 9:DQ6 5UBE@E;=:
789 ;9?E;E<=: F9;E> 5M8;5 M =>5?EI6 5 =D>5:
F9>:=65:
D>5SN: ;9 D=;5 B5 OE:D=>E5 ;9 B5 @B9:E5- B5:

9<=?E=69: :E9<F>9 U89>=6 SE:D5: ?=6
:=:F9?O5 F=>789 F=;G56 S5?EB5>
U>96NDE?5<96D9 O=>5 N:D5: :=6 5B5K5;5:
8M 5 <968;= :=6 B=: ?>ED9>E=: F=> B=: ?85B9:
;E?D5<=: 689:D>=: A8E?E=:
856;= B=: :96DE<E96D=: :=6 <Q: E<F=>D56D9:

789 B5 U9- B5 @96D9 BB9@5 5 :9> <Q: E<F=>D56D9-
M E=:- <96=: E<F=>D56D9
=;5: B5: F9>:=65: :=6 9:FE>ED85B9: 6 9:D5

;9?B5>5?EI6 96?=6D>5<=: =D>5 :8F=:E?EI6
?8BD8>5B 5?9>?5 ;9 B5 69?9:E;5; ;9 <Q:
9:FE>ED85BE;5; E6 9<K5>@=- B5 9:FE>ED85BE;5;
O5 :E;= >9;8?E;5 5 86 :96DE<E96D= ;9 B=
E6UE6ED=- 86 NVD5:E: E69U5KB9 56D9 B5: <5>5SEBB5:
;9B M= = ;9 B5 65D8>5B9H5- = 865 9VF9>E96?E5
?=6 B= E69VF>9:5KB9 5 9:FE>ED85BE;5;
<=;9>65 6= DE969 E6UE9>6=- ;=?D>E65 =
:8K:D56?E5 9 D>5D5 ;9 :96DE>
112
B ?=>9I@>5U= =;; JEBBE5<: ;E?9 789- 96 :8
=K>5 <Q: >9?E96D9- 9:DQ O5KB56;= 5?9>?5 ;9
BB9@5> 5 :9> 86= ?=6 B= E6UE6ED= B ;5>D9
?896D5 ;9 789 D8 5B<5 9: 86 >9UB9A= F9>U9?D=
;9 E=: = ?=6:?E96?E5 ?I:<E?5- 9>9: ?5F5H;9
86E> D85B<5 ?=6 9:5 ?=6:?E96?E5 3
5?9 ?E96D= ?E6?896D5 5T=:- 9B UEBI:=U= ;56N:

]E9>Z9@55>; W 1 %4((X =K:9>S5K5 B5 <E:<5
?=:5 B 6=DI789 <8?O5 @96D9 EK5 5 B5 E@B9:E5
F9>= 789 9B O9?O= ;9 ?=6S9>DE>:9 = :9> 86
?>E:DE56= 9>5 865 D>ESE5BE;5;
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9:D= ;9K9 9:D5> 865 ?=6U8:EI6 D>9<96;5- 865
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]E9>Z9@55>; :8965 ?=<= 86 F>=U9D5 F5>5

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>9@>9:56;= 5 B5 E@B9:E5- F9>= 5B@865: S9?9: 6=
10
Los Angeles Times, July 29, 1995, F2.
11
Soren Kierkegaard, The Point of View for my Work as an Author: A report to History
(New York: Harper & Row, 1962), 74.
113
F5>9?9 ?=<= :E 9B 9E6= 9:D8SE9>5 5S56H56;=
?=6 U89>H5
D>= 9A9<FB= 9: B?=OIBE?=: 6I6E<=: W X

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865 9VF9>E96?E5 >9BE@E=:5 Q: 5;9B56D9 9B
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:96DE<E96D= ;9 FB96ED8; M <5>5SEBB5
5B F5>9?9 789 96 689:D>=: ;G 5: F89;9: :9>

9:FE>ED85B :E ?>99: 96 D8H5F5D= EH78E9>;=
9 789;= ?=6 B= 789 <9 @8:D5 ;9 B5

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! 5: >986E=69: ;9 :9 D>5D56 ;9
96?=6D>5> F=;9> 9:FE>ED85B
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;9B E=: ;9 B=: ?>E:DE56=: 789 9:DQ 5BBQ
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5 9:FE>ED85BE;5; 9:DQ ;9 <=;5 =D>5 S9H

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;9?E>B= ;9 865 <569>5 <Q: KG KBE?5- 9B
114
?=6=?E<E96D= ;9 E=: 6= F89;9 :9> 69@5;=\
:IB= F89;9 :9> ;E:D=>:E=65;=
856;= E=: M B5 9:FE>ED85BE;5; 9: >9;8?E;5 5

689:D>=: 9:DQ6;5>9: = 689:D>=: :96DE<E96D=:-
E=: 686?5 :9>Q F5>5 6=:=D>=: 9B <5>5SEBB=:=
56D= ;9 :>59B 96E96;= 865 SE:EI6 ;9 E=:
;E:<E68E;5- ?>9?9>Q 689:D>= D9<=> 5 B5 @96D9
:E?=B=@G
5" 5 @85>;E565 ;9 B5: :8F=:E?E=69:
?8BD8>5B9:
5 F:E?=B=@G 5 6=>D95<9>E?565 O5 BB9@5;= 5 :9>

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5 ?8BDES5;= B5: :8F=:E?E=69: ;9 789 B5:
F9>:=65: :=6 K8965:- 9B N6U5:E: 96 B5:
9<=?E=69:- M B5 E<F=>D56?E5 ;9 B5
9:FE>ED85BE;5; 5<KEN6 O5 ;9:5>>=BB5;= 86
D9<5 >9B5?E=65;=" B5 F9>:=65 ?=<= 69?9:ED5;5
F:E?=BI@E?5<96D9
=D9<=: B5 E6UB896?E5 ;9 >98; 96 9:D=

86789 686?5 8DEBEHI 9:F9?G UE?5<96D9 B5
F5B5K>5 69?9:E;5; - 9B O5 :E;= ?ED5;= ?=<= 9B
F5;>9 ;9 B5 69?9:E;5; ;9 9VF>9:EI6 :9V85B M
B5 69?9:E;5; ;9 B=: F5;>9: F9><E:ES=:
5KBI 5?9>?5 ;9 B=: E6:DE6D=: W 69?9:E;5;9:
789 ?B5<56 F=> 9VF>9:5>:9- M ;9?B5>5K5 789 :E
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9: B5 698>=:E: 5;8BD5
B 789 OEH= F=F8B5> 9B ?=6?9FD= ;9 B5:

69?9:E;5;9: F:E?=BI@E?5: U89 K>5O5<
5:B=^ 8 D9=>G5 ;9 B5 58D=>95BEH5?EI6
115
:8@E9>9 789 D969<=:- ;9 65?E<E96D=- 865
A9>5>78G5 ;9 69?9:E;5;9: 9 5?89>;= ?=6
5:B=^- B5: 69?9:E;5;9: <Q: KQ:E?5: :=6
5789BB5: KE=BI@E?5: M ;9 :9@8>E;5; 856;=
9:D5: 69?9:E;5;9: :=6 :5DE:U9?O5:- F=;9<=:
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B5 69?9:E;5; ;9 :9> 5F>9?E5;=: F=> =D>5:
F9>:=65:- M B5 69?9:E;5; ;9 58D=9:DE<5
+ 8N 9: B= 789 O5?9 789 B5 @96D9 :95

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789 B5 698>=:E: F5>9?G 5 789 96 9:96?E5- M 96
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5 <5M=>G 5 ;9 B5: 698>=:E: E6S=B8?>5K56
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:=6 F5>D9 9:96?E5B ;9B :9> O8<56=- M B5:
69?9:E;5;9: E6:5DE:U9?O5: D>59>Q6 ?=<=
>9:8BD5;= 5B@C6 DEF= ;9 F5D=B=@G5 F9>:=65B
12
Abraham Maslow, Toward a Psichology of Being (New York: Van Nostrand, 1968),
21.
116
9:D5: ?5>5?D9>G:DE?5: 9:96?E5B9: ;9 B5: D9=>G 5:
;9 B5 69?9:E;5; F:E?=BI@E?5 F=;>G 5 5@>9@5>:9
865 <Q:" D=;5: :=6 ;E:DE6DES5<96D9
6=>D95<9>E?565: 5: D9=>G5: ;9 B5 69?9:E;5;
:IB= F89;96 UB=>9?9> 96 86 ?=6D9VD= ;=6;9 9B
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9: 86 9:DEB= ;9 SE;5 E B9 F>9@86D5: 5 B5
<5M=>G 5 ;9 B=: 5:EQDE?=: = 5U>E?56=: 5?9>?5 ;9
:8: 69?9:E;5;9: F:E?=BI@E?5:- P 6E :E78E9>5
96D96;9>G56 B5 F>9@86D5R
B :8>@E<E96D= ;9 B5: 69?9:E;5;9: F:E?=BI@E?5:

9>5 E69SED5KB9" E 9V5BD5: 5B E6;ESE;8= M O5?9:
;9 B5: 9<=?E=69: 9B ?5<E6= O5?E5 B5 S9>;5;-
96D=6?9: ?85B78E9> ?=:5 789 :E96D9: ?=6
<5M=> U89>H5 :9>Q ?=6:E;9>5;5 K8965 M
69?9:5>E5 F5>5 9B ?>9?E<E96D= 789BB5: ?=:5:
789 :E96D9: ?=6 <5M=> U89>H5 :=6 SE:D5: ?=<=
D8: 69?9:E;5;9: ;5;5: F=> E=: => 9:D= 9B
F9?5;= E<F9>;=65KB9 96 B5 ?8BD8>5 O=M 96 ;G 5
9: M5 :95 69@5> = :8F>E<E> D8: 9<=?E=69:
5: 9<=?E=69: 5F86D56 5 B5: 69?9:E;5;9:- M
69@5>B5: 9: 69@5> 5B@= ;5;= F=> E=:
+ 89;9: 9:?8?O5> B5 <569>5 ?=<= 689:D>5

?8BD8>5 5BE96D5 9B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9, 5:
69?9:E;5;9: = ;9>9?O=: E>>9:E:DEKB9<96D9
6=: BB9S56 O5?E5 9B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 9<=:
SE:D= 789 5789BB= 789 FE96:5: 69?9:ED5>- BB9@5
5 :9> 5789BB= 5 B= 789 D9<9: E 69?9:ED5:
5<=> W :96DE>D9 KE96 ?=6DE@= <E:<=X- F>=6D=
:9>Q: ?=6D>=B5;= F=> 5789B 789 D9 F>=S99
5<=> 5<KEN6 ;E?9: 789 :E6 9B 5<=> ;9 9:5
117
F9>:=65 9:D5>Q: ;E:?5F5?ED5;=
9:FE>ED85B<96D9- E6OQKEB F5>5 ;5> 5<=> 5 B=:
;9<Q: =6 9:D9 DEF= ;9 BI@E?5 BE:E5;5
9:FE>ED85B<96D9 789 ;5 <5B=: U>8D=: F=>
;=78E9>- 6= 9: ;9 5:=<K>5>:9 789 586 B=:
F:E?IB=@=: 9:DQ6 O5?E96;= 86 BB5<5;= 5 B5
>9U=><5 96 B5: :8F=:E?E=69: U86;5<96D5B9: ;9
689:D>5 ?8BD8>5
E6 9<K5>@=- B=: F:E?IB=@=:- O56 O9?O= :8

F>=FE5 ?=6D>EK8?EI6 F5>5 9:D= 86789 O56
6=D5;= ?=6 F>9?E:EI6 789 B5 @96D9 ?=6 K5A5
58D=9:DE<5 F=696 ;9<5:E5;5: 9:F9>56H5: 96
=D>=: M D9<96 5 B=: ;9<Q:- :8 D9>5FE5 6=
BEK9>5 96 S9>;5; =D9<=: 78N 9: B= 789
=U>9?96" 5?9FD5?EI6 D9>5FN8DE?5- 5<=>
E6?=6;E?E=65B- M >95UE><5?EI6 ?=6:D56D9 6
=D>5: F5B5K>5:- = ?>95: B= 789 B=: ;9<Q:
;E?96 5?9>?5 ;9 DE- M 6E ?>95: 586 D8: F>=FE=:
>9F=>D9: 69@5DES=: ;9 DE <E:<=\ 96 S9H ;9
9:D=- ?>99 B= 789 M= D9 ;E@= 5B D9>5FE5
5SES5 <Q: 9B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 96 S9H ;9
9BE<E65>B= 96?EBB5<96D9 :9 :E96D9 <9A=>
F=>789 9B ?BE96D9 F=69 :8 9:F9>56H5 96
5B@8E96 789 B= >95UE><5 96 S9H;9 5?8:5>B9
5 6UB896?E5 ;9 B5 :E?=B=@G
5 >E:DE565
E96D>5: D56D=- B5 E@B9:E5 ?>E:DE565 O5 9:D5;=

9:?8?O56;= B= 789 O5 9:D5;= ;E?E96;= 9B
<86;= 8?O=: F5:D=>9: M BG
;9>9:
9?B9:EQ:DE?=: O56 ;9D9?D5;= B5: :8F=:E?E=69:
6= KG KBE?5: M O56 D>5D5;= ;9 ;9B5D5>B5: E6
9<K5>@=- B5 >9:F89:D5 <Q: F=F8B5> O5 :E;= B5
118
5:E<EB5?EI6 ;9 B5: E;95: ;9B <86;= ?=6 865:
?856D5: <=;EUE?5?E=69: <96=>9: =>
9A9<FB=- 86 K9:D :9BB9> 96 9B <9>?5;=
?>E:DE56= ;9 BEK>=: F8:= B5 :8F=:E?EI6 ;9 B5:
69?9:E;5;9: ?=<= 9B ?96D>= ;9 :8
96D96;E<E96D= ;9 B5 F9>:=65 8 F86D= ;9
SE:D5 ;9 B5 F9>:=65 9: :E<EB5> 5B ;9 865 D5H5 &
86 >9?EFE96D9 S5?G = M F5:ES= 789 9:F9>5 :9>
BB965;= B 58D=> ;E?9-
VE:D9 865 69?9:E;5; ;9 5<=>- ;5;5 F=>

E=:- 789 65?9 96 ?5;5 E6U56D9 O8<56= :
865 69?9:E;5; B9@G DE<5 789 ;9K9 :9>
:5DE:U9?O5 ;9:;9 B5 ?865 O5:D5 B5 D8<K5 E
B=: 6ET=: :=6 F>ES5;=: ;9 5<=> & :E 9:D5
69?9:E;5; F>E<5>E5 ;9 5<=> 6= :9 :5DE:U5?9 &
BB9S56 B5: ?E?5D>E?9: ;9 F=> SE;5 %
=<=: U9BE?9: :E 689:D>5 D5H5 ;9 69?9:E;5;9:

9: BB965;5 ?=6 9B 5<=> ;9 B=: ;9<Q: E
689:D>5 D5H5 9:DQ S5?G 5 = <9;E5 BB965-
9:D5>9<=: FB5@5;=: ;9 <5B=: :96DE<E96D=:
=6:E;9>5 9:D5 ?ED5 ?8E;5;=:5<96D9 VF>9:5

865 :8F=:E?EI6 :=:D96E;5 F=> <8?O=: =D>=:
9:?>ED=>9: ?>E:DE56=:\ 9: 689:D>5 D9=B=@G5 6=
9V5<E65;5 :8965 ?=>>9?D5 5 O9
?=6U9:5;= 789 <9 :E96D= 69?9:ED5;= M S5?G =
?856;= 6= 5<= ;9 B5 <569>5 96 789 <9
@8:D5>G5 & = ;9 B5 <569>5 789 69?9:ED=
9>= :IB= F=>789 :E96D= 865 69?9:E;5; ;9
:9> 5<5;= 6= :E@6EUE?5 789 9:D9 ;9:9=
13
Robert Hemfelt, Frank Minirth, y Paul Meier, Love Is a Choice (Nashville: Nelson,
1989), 34.
119
>95B<96D9 9: ;5;= F=> E=: - 865 69?9:E;5;
B9@G
DE<5 - = 865 69?9:E;5; F>E<5>E5 5B S9H
B= 789 9:D=M BB5<56;= 865 69?9:E;5;
>95B<96D9 9: ;9?9F?EI6 = ;=B=>- = 78EHQ 9: <E
;9<56;5 M ;9:9=
E9>D5<96D9 9VE:D96 69?9:E;5;9: ;5;5: F=>

E=:- F9>= 6=: BB9S5>Q 86 F=?= <Q: ;9
E6S9:DE@5?EI6 KGKBE?5 F5>5 96D96;9>B5: W :D= B=
O5>9<=: 96 9B ?5FG D8B= 2X => 9B <=<96D=-
F=;9<=: ;9?E> 789 865 ;E:?8:EI6 5?9>?5 ;9
B5: 69?9:E;5;9: 9: <Q: ?=<FB9A5 789 B= 789
F8;E9>5 F5>9?9> : F=:EKB9 789 689:D>5
;E:?8:EI6 5?D85B 5?9>?5 ;9 B5: 69?9:E;5;9:
9:DN :E96;= ;9UE6E;5 <Q: F=> B5: D9=>G 5:
F:E?=BI@E?5: :9?8B5>9: 789 F=> B5 :?>ED8>5
E 9:D= 9: 5:G - ;9K9<=: :9> ?8E;5;=:=: 5B

;9?E>- 9:C: :5DE:U5?9 D=;5: 689:D>5:
69?9:E;5;9: - F>E<9>5 SE:D5- F5>9?9 D969>
86 D>5:U=6;= KG KBE?= >E:D= 9: 86 5<E@=\ E=:
9: 86 5;>9 5<56D9\ B=: ?>E:DE56=: :G
9VF9>E<96D56 86 :96DE;= ;9 E<F=>D56?E5 M
?=6UE56H5 5B ?=6=?9> 9B 5<=> ;9 E=: :D=
O5?9 789 >E:D= :95 B5 >9:F89:D5 5 689:D>=:
F>=KB9<5: = =K:D56D9 :E 689:D>= 8:= ;9B
DN><E6= 69?9:E;5;9: 9: 5<KE@8=- M :8>56@=
;9 :E@6EUE?5;= :9 9VDE96;9 O5:D5 E6?B8E> B=:
;9:9=: 9@=G :D5:- 96D=6?9: O5K>Q6 5B@865:
:ED85?E=69: 96 B5: 789 ;9K9<=: ;9?E> 789
9:C: 6= DE969 B5 E6D96?EI6 ;9 :5DE:U5?9>
120
689:D>5: 69?9:E;5;9:- F9>= 789 NB 78E9>9
?5<KE5> 689:D>5: 69?9:E;5;9: '
B =6D>5@=BF9 9<9>@96D9
5 =?8>>E;= 865 ?=:5 <Q: 96 B5 K>9S9 OE:D=>E5

;9 B5: 69?9:E;5;9: F:E?=BI@E?5: ?D85B<96D9-
9:D9 F86D= ;9 SE:D5 F=F8B5> M @969>5B<96D9
5:8<E;= 5?9>?5 ;9 B5 F9>:=65 9:DQ :E96;=
?89:DE=65;= ?=6 :9>E9;5; 96 B=: ?G >?8B=:
:9?8B5>9: 5 @96D9 9:DQ ?=<96H56;= 5 S9>
789 6= 9: :5B8;5KB9 - 6E F5>5 B=: E6;ESE;8=:
6E F5>5 B5 :=?E9;5;- 9B 9:D5> 5K:=>D= ?=6 B5:
69?9:E;5;9: M 9B S5?G = => 9A9<FB=-
5B@86=: 96 B5 F>96:5 F=F8B5> O56 ?>EDE?5;= B5:
D9=>G5: ;9 B5 69?9:E;5; ?=<= A8:DEUE?5?E=69:
D9I>E?5: ;9B 9@=G :<= >5F5H M B5 SE?DE<EH5?EI6
?>I6E?5 ;9 689:D>5 ?8BD8>5 BB=: F89;96 S9>
B5: E<FBE?5?E=69:" E B=: :9>9: O8<56=: DE9696
96 S9>;5; B5 U=><5 ;9 865 D5H5- 96D=6?9:
:=<=: >9?9FD=>9: F5:ES=: 96 S9H ;9 :9>
E6DN>F>9D9: 5?DES=: M 5?D=>9: >9:F=6:5KB9: 96
689:D>= <86;= 86?5 D969<=: B5 ?8BF5
F=>789 D=;5 F5D=B=@G 5 9: 86 >9:8BD5;= ;9 B5:
;9UE?E96?E5: U=>A5;5: 96 B5: >9B5?E=69:
F5:5;5: B@86=: :8@E9>96 96 B=: <9;E=: ;9
?=<86E?5?EI6 789 96 9B <96=> ;9 B=: ?5:=:-
?>95 86 ?5=: 96 9B :E:D9<5 ;9 A8:DE?E5 E
:9@8E<=: 5 9:D9 >ED<= 6= F5:5>Q <8?O=
DE9<F= 56D9: ;9 789 B5 :96D96?E5 =KBE@5;5 F=>
14
Ver Welch, Who are we? Needs, Longings, and the Image of God in Man The
Journal of Biblical Counseling, 13 (1994): 25-38
121
86 ?>E<96 SE=B96D= :95 86 5K>5H= M 86 K896
BB56D= (
5 F>96:5 5?5;N<E?5 D5<KEN6 9:DQ ;9:5UE56;=

B5 E;95 ;9 789 B5 F9>:=65 <=;9>65 ;9K5 :9>
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15
The Economist, February 26, 1994, 15.
16
Philip Cushman, Why the Self Is Empty, American Psychologist (May 1990), 599.
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17
John Mclintock and James Strong, Holiness Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological
and Ecclesiastical Literature (New York: Harper, 1872), 4:298.
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18
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Aurora Leigh, Libro VII.
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19
The Works of Jonathan Edwards (New York: Leavitt and Allen, 1855), 4:313-21.
167
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20
Un libro til es Robert A. Peterson, Hell on Trial: The Case for Eternal Punishment
(Phillipsburg, N.J.: Presbyterian and Reformed, 1995).
168
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21
Tom Whiteman and Randy Petersen, Love Gone Wrong (Nashville: Nelson, 1994),
90.
186
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22
Robert Hemfelt, Frank Minirth, and Paul Meier, Love Is a Choice (Nashville:
Nelson), 34
187
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23
Larry Crabb, Understandig People (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1976), 94
194
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56O9B=: ;9 E=: F>=;8?9 5B@865: F>9@86D5:
24
Larry Crabb, Inside Out (Colorado Springs: NavPress, 1991), 53-54
25
Crabb, Understanding People, 112
195
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26
Los deseos desordenados no son la nica razn del vaco. Otra explicacin de ese
vaco surge del hecho de que vivimos en un mundo pecaminoso donde pecan contra
nosotros, y estamos viviendo en un mundo que est bajo la maldicin. Por ejemplo, si
205
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2 =6=?9 D8: S9>;5;9>5:

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DE969 789 S9> ?=6 689:D>5 :9<9A56H5 =
tu cnyuge muere, te sentiras vaco. Te deberas sentir vaco. Algo hermoso ha sido
retirado de tu vida. Hay un gran sentimiento de prdida. No obstante, este vaco es el
resultado de la maldicin y la muerte causando dolor en nuestra psiqu, y no es el
resultado del haber sido creado con necesidades psicolgicas.
206
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27
Una discusin til sobre este tema se puede encontrar en el libro The Pleasures of
God de John Pipper
207
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28
Algunos han sugerido que el hecho de que los infantes necesiten cuidados, tales como
abrazos u otras expresiones de amor para florecer o inclusive vivir, significa que
tenemos anhelos profundos psicolgicos. Yo pienso que no. Esto se parece a estar
comparando manzanas con naranjas. No es correcto hablar de los anhelos y deseos de
los infantes por una relacin. Sera ms preciso decir que necesitamos a otras personas
para poder vivir. Somos criaturas que se apoyan en otras personas todos los das. No
obstante, esto es diferente a poner nuestra fe y confianza en ellos.
218
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225
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+ I<= F89;9: :56DEUE?5> 9B 6=<K>9 ;9
E=: 96 9B D>5K5A=, + B ;9:?56:5>, + =6
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% =6:E;9>5 ?I<= 9:D9 ?=6=?E<E96D= ;9
E=: M ?=6=?E<E96D= ;9 DE <E:<= F89;9
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BB965
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29
Juan Calvino, Institutes of the Christian Religion, trans. J. Allen (Philadelphia:
Presbyterian Board of Christian Education, 1936), 1. 1. 1.
226
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E=: 5 D5H5 ;9 689:D>=: F>=FE=: ;9:9=:
686?5 9: ?5F5H;9 ?5FD5> 9B ;EB8SE= ;9B 5<=> M
K96;E?EI6 ;9 E=: B ?=6D>5>E=- O5?9 789 9B
5<=> >9;96D=> ;9 E=: :95 <96=: 5??9:EKB9
F5>5 6=:=D>=:
856;= 9:D5 ?=F5 ;9 B=: = 78E9>= :9

78E9K>5- 6=: ;9A5 ?=6 ?E9>D= 6C<9>= ;9
U=><5: = E;96DE;5;9: 789 E=: 6=: O5 ;5;="
:5?9>;=D9:- 9<K5A5;=>9:- OEA=: ;9 E=:- M
>E:DE56=: D>5 9: 789 :=<=: S5:EA5: S5?G5:-
O8<EB;9: M 69?9:ED5;5: =<=: D5H5: S5?G5:
E6 9<K5>@=- 9:D5 D5H5 >9F>9:96D5 689:D>5
69?9:E;5; 9:FE>ED85B ;9B F9>;I6 ;9 F9?5;=:-
;9 ?=K9>D8>5 ;9 689:D>5 S9>@[96H5- ;9
F>=D9??EI6 ;9 B=: =F>9:=>9:- M ;9 5?9FD5?EI6
96 B5 U5<EBE5 ;9 E=: : 865 S5?G= 789 ;E?9-
9?9:ED= 5 9:C: 6 86 S5?G
= 789 69?9:ED5
9B 5<=> ;9 E=:
:G 789 :G 69?9:ED5<=: 9B 5<=> ;9 9:C:

89:D= 789 U8E<=: ?>95;=: F=> 9B <56D9
230
ESE6=- 686?5 9:D5>9<=: KE96 5 <96=: 789
?=6=H?5<=: F>=U86;5<96D9 9:9 5<=> E6
9:D9 5<=> 9:D5<=: <89>D=: 9:FE>ED85B M
UG
:E?5<96D9
:D= 78E9>9 ;9?E> 789 689:D>=: ;9:9=: =

56O9B=: 9@=G :D5: 6= :=6 B5 C6E?5 9VFBE?5?EI6
F5>5 689:D>= ;9:9= ;9 5<=> GFE?5<96D9 :=6
B5 >5HI6 F>=<E696D9- F9>= 6= 9: B5 C6E?5
B@865: S9?9: 9B ;9:9= ;9 5<=> 9: 9B >9:E;8=
?=6D5<E65;= ;9 689:D>= ?=6=?E<E96D= ;9
E=: 856;= 9:D5<=: F9>;E;=: 96 F9?5;=-
:E6 F86D=: ?B5>=: ;9 >9U9>96?E5 9:FE>ED85B- <5B
E6D9>F>9D5<=: M ;E:D=>:E=65<=: 9:9
?=6=?E<E96D= 96:5<=: 789 9: <Q: :9@8>=
M <Q: 9U9?DES= <E>5> 5 =D>5: F9>:=65: F5>5
5BESE5> 689:D>= S5?G = 6 5B@86=: ?5:=:-
?856;= 9B 5<=> 9: ;8B?9- F=;9<=: F96:5>
E6?B8:ES9 789 B= O9<=: 96?=6D>5;=
>E:D9<96D9- 9:D9 :96DE<E96D= 6=: ?=6U86;9
9U89>H5 689:D>5 E;95 F9?5<E6=:5 ;9 789 B5
@96D9 F89;9 :9> B5 >9:F89:D5 F5>5 689:D>5
69?9:E;5;- 5:G 789 B5 K8:?5<=:
=K:9:ES5<96D9 B 5<=> 789 ;9:95<=:- :E6
9<K5>@=- :IB= F89;9 :9> O5BB5;= 96 9B E=:
S9>;5;9>=
5 E:D=>E5 ;9 <=> ;9 :95:
65 ;9 B5: >9S9B5?E=69: <Q: @>56;9: ;9B 5<=>

;9 E=: F5>5 6=:=D>=: B5 96?=6D>5<=: 96 9B
BEK>= ;9 :95: 96 9B 6DE@8= 9:D5<96D= B
BEK>= >95B<96D9 :=6 ;=: OE:D=>E5: ;9 5<=> 789
:9 ;9:5>>=BB56 F5>5B9B5<96D9 5 OE:D=>E5 >95B
231
9: B5 ;9 E=: M :8 5<=> F=> :8 F89KB= 5
565B=@G5 D9>>965B 9: B5 OE:D=>E5 ;9 :95: M
=<9> :95: M =<9> 6=: 5F86D56 5B
?=6:89B= 789 E=: ;5 M :8 5<=> O5?E5 B=:
5S9>@=6H5;=:- 5<965H5;=: M >9?O5H5;=:
5 OE:D=>E5 ;9 :95: 9:DQ BB965 ;9 <8?O5:

F>9@86D5: + => 78N E=: B9 ;EA= 5 :95: 789
:9 ?5:5>5 ?=6 =<9>- 865 <8A9> 789
F>=K5KB9<96D9 O5KG5 :E;= 865 F>=:DED8D5 M 6=
D96G5 FB569: ;9 ;9A5> ;9 :9>B= ;9:F8N: ;9
?5:5>:9 ?=6 :95:, + = B9 E<F=>D5 5 E=: 9B
<5D>E<=6E=, + = ;9K9 :9> 9B <5D>E<=6E= 865
86EI6 ?=6 ?=<F>=<E:=,
:D5: F>9@86D5: 9>56 9V5?D5<96D9 9B F86D=

;9 B5 OE:D=>E5 E6@86= ;9 6=:=D>=: F=;>G 5
E<5@E65> ?5:5>:9 ?=6 5B@8E96 :9<9A56D9 5
=<9> BB5 6= D96G5 5B@= 5D>5?DES= ;9
F>E6?EFE= 5 UE6 = =K:D56D9- 9:D5 9>5 B5
<569>5 96 B5 789 :95: D96;>G 5 86 5DE:K= ;9B
?=>5HI6 ;9 E=:- F=>789 E=: :G:9 ?5:I ?=6
5B@8E96 :9<9A56D9 5 =<9>
E=: B9 9:D5K5 ;E?E96;= 5 :95:- 96 9U9?D=- DC

M M= B9 S5<=: 5 96D>9@5> ?=<FB9D5<96D9
689:D>=: ?=>5H=69: 5 5B@8E96 789 6=:
>9?O5H5>Q 5K:=B8D5<96D9 5>9<=: D=;=
689:D>= ?=>5HI6- 969>@G 5- DE9<F=- ;E69>= 96
:8 KC:789;5 B O5?9> 9:D=- DC- :95:-
96D96;9>Q: <E 5<=> UE9B F5>5 DE M D8 F89KB=
=<= S9:- = :=M 9B 9:F=:= 8 SE;5 :9>Q
5?9>?5 ;9 <E 5<=> 8 ;=B=> :9T5B5>Q 9B <G=
D8UE;9BE;5; :9>Q 865 >NFBE?5 ;9 B5 <G5
232
:D5 U89 B5 =>;965?EI6 ;9 :95: F5>5 9B
<E6E:D9>E= E96D>5: :5G5: U89 BB9S5;= 56D9 9B
D>=6= M F>9:96?EI B5 <5A9:D5; M F8>9H5 ;9B
56D=- :95: ?=6=?EI 5 =<9> 96 B5 :EBB5 ;9
F9?5;=>9: M F>9:96?EI9B 5<=> E6?=<F>96:EKB9
;9B 56D= :9 5<=> EK5 5 :9> 9B <96:5A9 ;9
:95: F5>5 :>59B
B F>E6?EFE= ;9 B5 F5B5K>5 ;9 9O=SQ F=>

<9;E= ;9 :95: EA= 9O=SQ 5 :95:" N-
DI<5D9 865 <8A9> U=>6E?5>E5- 9 OEA=: ;9
U=>6E?5?EI6\ F=>789 B5 DE9>>5 U=>6E?5
5F5>DQ6;=:9 ;9 9O=SQ 89- F89:- M D= OEA5 ;9 EKB5E<- B5 ?85B ?=6?EKEI M B9
;E= 5 B8H86 OEA= W :95: "!4%X
B ;=B=> ;9B >9?O5H= M B5 D>5E?EI6 ?=<96HI

F>=6D= F5>5 :95: B <96=: 5B DE9<F= 96
789 65?EI :8 :9@86;= OEA=- =<9> 9>5 865
F>=:DED8D5 ?=6:8<5;5 B :9@86;= OEA= ;9
=<9> U89 BB5<5;= =4>8O5<5O- 789 :E@6EUE?5
= 5<5;5 VE:D9 B5 F=:EKEBE;5; ;9 789 9:D5
OEA5 6E :E78E9>5 9>5 ;9 :95: =6 9B D9>?9>
OEA= 6= D969<=: 6E6@865 ;8;5 8 6=<K>9-
=4 <<E- :E@6EUE?5 = <E F89KB= 6 9:D9
DE9<F= =<9> 9:D5K5 M96;= M SE6E96;= ?=<=
B9 FB5?G5
<9;E;5 789 B99<=: 5?9>?5 ;9 9:D9

<5D>E<=6E= - 689:D>5: <96D5: K>E6?56 ;9
:95: M :8 ;=B=>=:5 :ED85?EI6 5 B5 F5?E96?E5
:56D5 M UE;9BE;5; ?=6DE685 ;9 E=: O5?E5
6=:=D>=: =<96H5<=: 5 F96:5>- + I<=
233
F8;= E=: F9;E><9 ?=<= :89:F=:5, E6 ;8;5-
B5 <96D9 ;9 :95: D5<KEN6 9:D5K5 K>E6?56;=
;9 :8 F>=FE5 :ED85?EI6 5 86 96D96;E<E96D=
<Q: F>=U86;= ;9B @>56 5<=> ;9 E=:
9>= B=: F>=KB9<5: ;9 :95: 6= :9 O5KG 56

D9><E65;= 9:F8N: ;9 O5K9> ;9:O=6>5;=
D56D= 5 :95: ?=<= 5 9BB5 <E:<5- =<9> DE>I
F=> B5 S96D565 B5: 5F5>E96?E5: ;9B <5D>E<=6E=
M ;9AI 5 :95: 6@5T5;5 F=> :8: F5:E=69:-
F96:I ;9 5B@865 <569>5 789 F=;G 5 =KD969>
5B@= <9A=> EA=" >N D>5: <E: 5<56D9:- 789
<9 ;56 <E F56 M <E 5@85- <E B565 M <E BE6=-
<E 5?9ED9 M <E K9KE;5 W : !"1X
SE;96D9<96D9- ?856;= =<9> :9 U89- :95:

:9 5:9@8>I789 9BB5 D8SE9>5 F>=SE:E=69: 5KG 5
789 5 :8: 5<56D9: 9BB5 6= B9: E<F=>D5K5
5;5 B5 :ED85?EI6- B5 ;9A5>G 56 <=>E> ;9
E656E?EI6 :G 789 :95: F>=S9MI F5>5
=<9>- 586 ?856;= 9BB5 B9 5D>EK8MI 9:D5:
F>=SE:E=69: 5 :8: 5<56D9: 5>5 =<9>-
:95: 9:D5K5 D=D5B<96D9 =BSE;5;=- 6=
=K:D56D9 D56D= :95: ?=<= E=: ;E?96- BB5
6= >9?=6=?EI789 M= B9 ;5K5 9B D>E@=- 9B SE6= M
9B 5?9ED9- M 789 B9 <8BDEFBE78NB5 FB5D5 M 9B =>=
W : !"1X
86 ?=6 9B 5F=M= ;9 :95:- =<9>

9S96D85B<96D9 U89 ;9:9?O5;5 F=> :8:
5<56D9: IB= F=;9<=: 5;ESE65> 9B @>5;= ;9
5K8:= 789 >9?EKEI ;9 F5>D9 ;9 9:D=: O=<K>9
E=B5?EI6- F>=:DED8?EI6 U=>H5;5- M @=BF9:
F>=K5KB9<96D9 U89>=6 B5 6=><5 F5>5 9BB5 89
234
D>5D5;5 ?=<= K5:8>5 =;= B= 789;5K5 F5>5
9BB5 9>5 B5 9:?B5SED8;
=<9> 9:D5K5 5?5K5;5 8: 5;8BD9>E=: ?5:E B5

BB9S5>=6 5 B5 D8<K5 >5 865 ;9:F>9?E5;5- :E6
6E6@865 9:F9>56H5 8 S9>@[96H5- D9<=> M
>9?O5H= 6= F8;E9>=6 :9> <Q: E6D96:=:
:D5K5 F5>5;5 96 9B <9>?5;= ;9 9:?B5S=:-
;9:68;5 F5>5 F=;9> :9> E6:F9??E=65;5 F=> 86
?=<F>5;=> F=D96?E5B + 8EN6 :9>G 5 9B
:E@8E96D9 96 5K8:5> ;9 9BB5,
9 ;EA= =D>5 S9H 9O=SQ" N- 5<5 5 865

<8A9> 5<5;5 ;9 :8 ?=<F5T9>=- 586789
5;CBD9>5- ?=<= 9B 5<=> ;9 9O=SQ F5>5 ?=6
B=: OEA=: ;9 :>59B W : %" X
B F>9?E= 686?5 :9 9B9SI <8?O=

F5>96D9<96D9- 65;E9 9:D5K5 E<F>9:E=65;=
?=6 B5 <9>?56?G 5 =<9> U89 S96;E;5 F=> 9B
F>9?E= ;9 865 9:?B5S5 ?=<C6 9:F8N: O5K9>
F5@5;= 9B F>9?E=- :95: :9 ;E>E@EI O5?E5
=<9> 9 OEH= 5B@= 789 ;9KEI O5K9> ;9A5;= 5
B5 @96D9 <8><8>56;=" NB ?8K>EI :8 ;9:68;9H
8EHQ =<9> 6E :E78E9>5 >9?=6=?G 5 5 :95:
D=;5SG 5- F9>= 6= E<F=>D5K5 E@8E96;= 9B
<56;5D= ;9 E=:- :95: B5 D>5DI
E6<9;E5D5<96D9 ?=<= :8 9:F=:5 95UE>E<=6E= ?=6 9BB5
:96?E5B<96D9 ;EA=- =M D8M= M DC 9>9: <G 5
9 F9>D969H?= :IB= 5 DE- DC<9 F9>D969?9: M 6=
5B@8E96 <Q:
235
8M ?9>?5 ;9B 9S56@9BE= ;9 >E:D=- 9:D5 9: B5
OE:D=>E5 ;9 5<=> <Q: @>56;E=:5 789 :9 O5M5
?=6D5;= + 5: :E;= D9:DE@= ;9 9:D9 DEF= ;9
5<=>, 9 D96E;= 5DE:K=: ;9 NB VE:D9 5 D>5SN:
;9 D=;5 B5 @B9:E5 9>= 65;5 S9>;5;9>5<96D9
:9 ?=<F5>5 ?=6 B5 OE:D=>E5 ;9 :95: M B5
OE:D=>E5 ?9B9:DE5B ;9D>Q: ;9 9BB5 :D9 9: 86
5<=> :56D= =<9> 9>5 B95B 5 :8: F>=FE=:
;9:9=: 8:?I 96 ;=6;9 U89>5 ?=6 D5B ;9 :9>
:5DE:U9?O5 :95: 9:D5K5 ?=<F>=<9DE;= 5 :9>
86 >9UB9A= ;9B :F=:= ESE6= 5KG 5 789 9>5
E<F=:EKB9 :5DE:U5?9> B=: ;9:9=: ;9 :8 9:F=:5-
F9>= B5 :E@8EI?=>D9A56;=- E<FB=>Q6;=B9 789 :9
5B9A5>5 ;9 :8: F>=FE=: ;9:9=: M 96?=6D>5>5
:5DE:U5??EI6 96 9B 5<=> <5>ED5B E65B<96D9-
B5 >9;E<EI 5 D>5A= ;9 S89BD5
+ I<= U89 D=;= 9:D= F5>5 :95:, = B=

:5K9<=: 96 >95BE;5; 9KEI O5K9> :E;= 865
SE;5 ;=B=>=:5- BB965 ;9 S9>@[96H5 M ;=B=>-
F9>= :95: 6= 6=: =U>9?9 :8: >9UB9VE=69:
F9>:=65B9: = 789 >9F=>D5 :E<FB9<96D9 9:
789 :9 :=<9DEI5 :8 9T=> M =K9;9?EI
+ I<= O5 :E;= D=;= 9:D= F5>5 689:D>= E=:

56D=, 6 ?=6D>5:D9 ?=6 :95:- E=: :G6=: O5
;5;= 86 96D96;E<E96D= F>=U86;= ;9 :8
?=>5HI6 =;9<=: 96?=6D>5>B= 96 :95:
9>= 56D9: ;9 ?=6:E;9>5> 9B ?=>5HI6 ;9 E=:
F=> :8F89KB=- ?=6:E;9>5 6= DE969 F>9?9;96D9:
9B O9?O= ;9 789 5B@8E96 ?=<F5>D5
FCKBE?5<96D9 :8: :96DE<E96D=: <Q: F>=U86;=:
96 <9;E= ;9 86 5<=> ;=B=>=:= + = 9:
O8<EBB56D9 789 B5 @96D9 :9F5 789 9>9: 9B
236
K8:?5;=> 5F5:E=65;= 789 6E :E78E9>5 9:
>9?=6=?E;= F=> 5789BB5 78E96 9: K8:?5;5, 9
:E96D9: ?=<= 86 D=6D= = =K:D56D9- E=: :9
5K>9 5 6=:=D>=: 96 86= ;9 B=: F5:5A9: <Q:
;>5<QDE?=: ;9 B5 EKBE5
6 9B F5:5A9 789 :E@89- >9?89>;5 789 6=:=D>=:

<E:<=: :=<=: U>5G 6\6=:=D>=: :=<=: :>59B
+ I<= F=;>N 5K56;=65>D9- =O U>5G 6, + 9
96D>9@5>NM=- :>59B, + I<= F=;>NM= O5?9>D9
?=<= ;<5- = F=69>D9 ?=<= 5 $9K=E<, E
?=>5HI6 :9 ?=6<89S9 ;96D>= ;9 <G - :9
E6UB5<5 D=;5 <E ?=<F5:EI6 = 9A9?8D5>N 9B
5>;=> ;9 <E E>5- 6E S=BS9>N F5>5 ;9:D>8E> 5
U>5G
6\ F=>789 E=: :=M- M 6= O=<K>9- 9B
56D= 96 <9;E= ;9 DE\ M 6= 96D>5>N 96 B5
?E8;5; W :95: "142X
E=: ?=<E96H5 O5?E96;= 865 F>9@86D5-
+ I<= F=;>N 5K56;=65>D9, 89@= B9
>9:F=6;9 E6<9;E5D5<96D9- P = F89;=R :
E<F=:EKB9 C 9>9: <G = E=: ;E?9 789 6=
D>5D5>Q 5 :8 F89KB= >9K9B;9 ;9 B5 <E:<5
<569>5 ?=<= F9><EDEI 789 U89>56 ;9:D>8E;5:
;=: ?E8;5;9: @9<9B5: ;9 =;=<5 W 98D
!2"!%X
O=>5 6=D5 B5 F5B5K>5 ?=6<=S9> : B5

F5B5K>5 789 E=: 8:5 F5>5 ;9:?>EKE> :8 F>=FE=
?=>5HI6- E ?=>5HI6 :9 ?=6<89S9 ;96D>= ;9
<G :D5 F5B5K>5 >5>5: S9?9: 9: 8:5;5 96 B5
EKBE5 ?=<= 865 ;9:?>EF?EI6 ;9 B5 9VF9>E96?E5
9<=?E=65B ;9 5B@8E96 6 S9H ;9 9:=-
8:85B<96D9 :9 8:5 F5>5 ;9:?>EKE> B5 ?=678E:D5
M ;9:D>8??EI6 ;9 865 ?E8;5; =<= D5B-
237
?856;= :9 8:5 F5>5 ;9:?>EKE> 865 9VF9>E96?E5
9<=?E=65B- DE969 B5 ?=66=D5?EI6 ;9 5B@= 789
>9<89S9 B5: SG :?9>5: E=: 9:DQ ;E?E96;= 789
:8 E6D9>E=> 9:DQ6 5BK=>=D= F=> :8 F89KB= =
9: D56D= 865 9VF>9:EI6 ;9B ;=B=> ;9 E=: F=>
B5 D>5E?EI6 ?=<= B= 9: ;9 :8E6D96:5 ?=<F5:EI6
F=> :8 F89KB= 9S9B5 B5 F>=U86;E;5; ;9 :8
;9:9= ;9 D>59> 5 :8 F89KB= ;9 >9@>9:= O5?E5
NB
+ 9 :=>F>96;9 9:D=, <G:G =;5SG 5 5 S9?9:

:E96D= 789 E=: 5F965: <9 ;9A= 9:?8>>E><9
F=> B5 F89>D5 ;9 :8 9E6= =: ?OE?=: K896=:
M5 9:DQ6 5;96D>= = 96D>N F=>789 E=: D8S=
789 ;9A5><9 96D>5> 5KG5 F>=U9:5;= U9 96
9:C: ?=<= 9B 9T=> >9:8?ED5;= M >E:D=- M F=>
B= D56D=- E=: 6= D8S= =D>5 =F?EI6
E6 9<K5>@=- E=: :GD8S= =D>5 =F?EI6- M NB

9:?=@EI 5<5>6=: ?=6 86 5<=> 5F5:E=65;= M
UE9B 5 >5HI6 F=> B5 789 =?5:E=65B<96D9 B=
;8;= 9: F=>789 FE96:= 789 E=: 9: ?=<=
6=:=D>=: & = ?=<= M= E =<9> U89:9 <E
9:F=:5- <E E6:DE6D= :9>G 5 ;9A5>B5 E> M ;9?E>B9"
K896 SE5A9 = 789>>G5 D9><E65> ?=6 <E:
FN>;E;5: M 9SED5> B5 O8<EBB5?EI6 ;9 9:D5>
K8:?56;= 5 5B@8E96 789 <9 E@6=>5 9>= 9B
F5:5A9 ;E?9 789 E=: 6= 9: ?=<= M= E=: 9:
E=:- 6= 9: 86 O=<K>9 E :=<=: E6UE9B9:- NB
F9><569?9 UE9B- NB 6= F89;9 69@5>:9 5 :G
<E:<= W ! E< !" %X ;9<Q:- 9:D5 6= 9:
865 UE;9BE;5; 9:D=E?5 : S8B69>5KB9 M
5F5:E=65;5 : 865 UE;9BE;5; D56 E6D96:5 789
E=: B5 ;9:?>EK9 ;9:@5>>Q6;=B9 :8E6D9>E=>
238
=> 9:D= F89;9: 96D96;9> ?8Q6 ?=6U8:= 9:
A8H@5> 5 E=: ;9:;9 B5 F9>:F9?DES5 ;9 B= 789
6=:=D>=: O5>G 5<=: 96 865 :ED85?EI6 =
D9<F=>5B M F9?5<E6=:= 686?5 F89;9 :9> 9B
9:DQ6;5> F5>5 B= :56D= E A8H@5<=: F=>
689:D>5 F>=FE5 9VF9>E96?E5- 5:8<E>G5<=: 789
E=: 9S96D85B<96D9 :9 O5>D5>Q ;9 6=:=D>=: M
6=: ;9A5>Q ;9:68;=: 96 9B <9>?5;= ;9
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B= 789 :96DE<=: 69?9:ED5> = 789 >95B<96D9
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9: <8M ;EUG
?EB 96D96;9> B= 789 B5 EKBE5 ;E?9
30
M. Scott Peck, The road Less Traveled (New York: Simon &Schster, 1979), 98
244
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?=6D>5:D5K5 B5 >95??EI6 789 <=:D>5K56 B=:
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263
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<E U5<EBE5 9:DQ ?=6<E@=0 5 >9:F89:D5
9:D5;=86E;96:9 DG FE?5<96D9 9>5- 0 = F89;=
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U89>D9<96D90 8DEBEH5K56 865 ?=6S9>:5?EI6
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U>5:9 0;9F96;E96D9 96 86= <E:<=0 W :9BU4
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5B@86=: F5G :9: 5:EQDE?=: B5 U>5:9 6= DE969
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D>5;E?E=69: 5:EQDE?5:- B5 F9>:=65 686?5 ;9K9
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;9K9 :9> E6D9>;9F96;E96D9
6 865 =?5:EI6 9:?8?ON 865 S5>E5?EI6

?>E:DE565 ;9 B5 ?56?EI6 ;9 >56Z E65D>5 0 <E
<569>50 9 BB5<5K5 0 8 <569>50 =>
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264
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E@B9:E5 ?=<= 865 U5<EBE5, 5 <5M=>G 5 ;9 B5:
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31
Roland Bainton, Here I Stand: a Life of Martin Luther (New York: New American
Library, 1950), 30.
302
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BEK>=: KG KBE?=: 5?E96;= 9:D5 D5>95 NB :9
:96DG 5 ?=<= F9H96 9B 5@85
6 ( %4 ( ;E= ?=6U9>96?E5: :=K>9 B=:

5B<=:- 96 ( (4 ) :=K>9 =<56=:- 96
( )4 / :=K>9 QB5D5:- M 96 ( /4 1 :=K>9
9K>9=: B 9S56@9BE= :9 B9 9<F9HI5 5?B5>5>
B SE= 5 >E:D= ?=<= 9B D=;=4<E:9>E?=>;E=:= 96
B=: 5B<=: 89@=- ?856;= 9:D8;EI =<56=:-
D=;= ?85AI 5>5 8D9>=- 9B >9:8<96 ;9 B5
=K>5 ;9 :5BS5?EI6 ;9 E=: :9 S=BSEI" 5
A8:DEUE?5?EI6 :IB= F=> U9 E65B<96D9 8D9>=
9:D5K5 ?=6=?E96;= 5 E=: 96 >E:D= ?=<= 9B
E=: D=;=4A8:DE?E5 M D=;=4<E:9>E?=>;E5
9:95K5 @>56;9<96D9 96D96;9> B5 9FG :D=B5

;9 5KB= 5 B=: =<56=: M 65;5 <9 9:D=>K5K5
?=<= B5 9VF>9:EI6- B5 A8:DE?E5 ;9 E=: -
F=>789 M= ?=6:E;9>5K5 789 :9 >9U9>G 5 5 B5
A8:DE?E5 F=> B5 ?85B E=: 9: A8:D= M D>5D5
A8:D5<96D9 5B ?5:DE@5> 5B E6A8:D= E :ED85?EI6
9>5 789- 586789 9>5 86 <=6A9 E<F9?5KB9-
9:D5K5 ;9B56D9 ;9 E=: ?=<= F9?5;=>
5D>EK8B5;= 96 :8 ?=6:?E96?E5- M 6= D96G 5
?=6UE56H5 96 789 <E <N>ED= F8;E9>5
303
5M8;5><9 => B= D56D=- 6= 5<5K5 5 86 E=:
A8:D= M 5E>5;=- :E6= 789 B= =;E5K5 M
<8><8>5K5 96 :8 ?=6D>5 = =K:D56D9-
F9><569?G5 5D96D= 5B 789>E;= 5KB= M D96G
5 86
@>56;9 56O9B= ;9 :5K9> 78N789>G5 ;9?E>
=?O9 M ;G 5 F96:5K5 9:D= O5:D5 789 SE B5

?=69VEI6 96D>9 B5 A8:DE?E5 ;9 E=: M B5
;9?B5>5?EI6 9B A8:D= F=> B5 U9 SESE>Q
6D=6?9: 96D96;G789 B5 A8:DE?E5 ;9 E=: 9:
9:5 >9?DED8; F=> B5 ?85B 5 D>5SN: ;9 B5 @>5?E5 M
B5 <E:9>E?=>;E5 F8>5- E=: 6=: A8:DEUE?5 5
D>5SN: ;9 B5 U9 F5>DE> ;9 9:9 <=<96D=-
:96DG789 >965?GM 789 9>5 D>56:F=>D5;= 5
D>5SN: ;9 F89>D5: 5KE9>D5: 5B F5>5G := :
;9?E>- S9> 5 E=: ?=6 U9- 9: S9> :8 ?=>5HI6
F5D9>65B M 5<E:D=:=- 96 9B ?85B 6= O5M 96=A=
6E U5BD5 ;9 @>5?E5 789B 789 S9 5 E=: ?=<=
96=A5;= 6= B9 9:DQ SE96;= ?=>>9?D5<96D9 :E6=
789 9:DQ <E>56;= :IB= 5 D>5SN: ;9 865
?=>DE65- ?=<= :E O8KE9>56 F89:D= 865 68K9
69@>5 96U>96D9 ;9 :8>=:D>= %!
6 D9<=> ;9B 9T=> >=K8:D= :9 O5KG 5 68D>E;=

F=> <9;E= ;9B 9:D8;E= M B5 <9;ED5?EI6 ;9 B5:
:?>ED8>5: 8M F>=6D= :9>G5 F89:D= 5 F>89K5
8D9>= 9: <Q: ?=6=?E;= F=> :8 >95??EI6 96

?=6D>5 ;9 B5: E6;8B@96?E5: 6 :8: ;G5:- B5
E@B9:E5 5 <968;= >9?58;5K5 ;E69>= F=> <9;E=
;9 S96;9> B= 789 9BB=: F9>?EKG
56 ?=<= U5S=>9:
;ESE6=: E D96G
5: ;E69>= ?856;= :9 =U>9?G56
32
Ibid., 50.
304
E6;8B@96?E5:- 96D=6?9: F=;G 5: BEK9>5> 5 5B@C6
U5<EBE5> = 5 DE <E:<= ;9B F8>@5D=>E= :D9
:E:D9<5 SE=B5K5 ;9 D5B <569>5 9B F>E6?EFE= ;9
B5 A8:DEUE?5?EI6 F=> B5 U9 789 8D9>= :9 :E6DEI
?=<F9BE;= 5 >9:F=6;9> :GB= OEH= 5B ?B5S5>
B5: 6=S96D5 M ?E6?= D9:E: 96 B5 F89>D5 ;9 B5
E@B9:E5 ;9B ?5:DEBB= ;9 JEDD96K9>@
:D5: D9:E:- 5B E@85B 789 ;=?965: ;9

F8KBE?5?E=69: :8K:9?896D9:- F8:E9>=6 5 8D9>=
96 D5B ;E:F5>E;5; ?=6 B5 E@B9:E5 ?5DIBE?=
>=<565 789 9:D5K5 96 ?=6:D56D9 F9BE@>=
=;G5 F5:5> 789 :8: 969<E@=: D>5D5>56 ;9
5:9:E65>B= = 789 B5 E@B9:E5 B= 789<5>5 ?=<=
86 O9>9A9 85B78E9>5 789 U89>56 B=: <9;E=:-
8D9>= 5:8<G 5 789 B5 <89>D9 9>5 E69SED5KB9
8: BEK>=: M5 O5KG 56 :E;= 789<5;=:
FCKBE?5<96D9 96 =<5 = =K:D56D9- B5:
5<965H5: 6= B=@>5>=6 789 8D9>= ;9A5>5 ;9
9:?>EKE> <Q: F56UB9D=: 789 5F=M5>56 B= 789 NB
96D96;G 5 ?=<= B5: F5B5K>5: ;9 E=: <E:<=
=: A8E?E=: 9?B9:EQ:DE?=: 6= B9 ;E9>=6 5 8D9>=

B5 =F=>D86E;5; F5>5 ;9K5DE> 6 S9H ;9 9:=-
9>56 5D5789: 96 :8?=6D>5- ;9<56;Q6;=B9 789
:9 >9D>5?D5>5 ;9 :8: 9:?>ED=: M O8<EB;9<96D9
:9 :=<9DE9>5 5 B5 E@B9:E5 8D9>= E6?B8:ES9 :9
>9D>5?DI ;9 86 F86D=
:D5K5 978ES=?5;=- B= 5;<ED=- ?856;= ;EA9

789 B5: E6;8B@96?E5: 9>56 86 96@5T= FE5;=:=
5 B=: UE9B9: 9 >9D>5?D= M ;E@=- B5:
E6;8B@96?E5: :=6 B=: U>58;9: <Q: 96@5T=:=: 9
E<F=:D=>9: ?=<9DE;=: F=> B=: F=6DG UE?9: <Q:
305
K>EK=69:- F=> <9;E= ;9 B=: ?85B9: 96@5T56 B5:
5B<5: M ;9:D>8M96 B=: KE969: ;9 B=: UE9B9:
5B ?B5:9 ;9 :5>?5:<= <8BDEFBE?I D56D= 9B

6C<9>= ;9 :8: 5<E@=: ?=<= 9B ;9 :8:
969<E@=:
5 5F9B5?EI6 UE65B ;9 8D9>= ?=6 9B DE9<F= B=

BB9SI 5 865 >986EI6 56D9 865 F>9:DE@E=:5
5:5<KB95 96 J=><: 9:F8N: ;9 <8?O5
;E:?8:EI6 5?9>?5 ;9 :E :9 B9 F9><EDE>G
5 O5KB5> 5
8D9>= = 6=- 9B ) ;9 5K>EB ;9 (! - 8D9>=
BB9@I 5 J=><: B ;9K5D9 9:F9>5;=
:E<FB9<96D9 U89 86 A8E?E= FCKBE?= = :9 B9
F9><EDE>G5 5 8D9>= B5 =F=>D86E;5; ;9 ;E:?8>:5>
:=K>9 :8: ?=6?B8:E=69: 9:F8N: ;9 <=:D>5>
B=: BEK>=: ;9 8D9>=- 9B 9V5<E65;=> OEH= 865
:E<FB9 F>9@86D5" + =: ;9UE96;9: F=>
?=<FB9D=- = ;9:95: >9?O5H5> 865 F5>D9,
5 >9:F89:D5 ;9 8D9>= U89 ?8>E=:5-

9:F9?E5B<96D9 5 B5 B8H ;9 :8: 9:?>ED=: D56
=:5;=: 8EHQ :9 :E6DEI E6DE<E;5;= F=> 9B
?=6A86D= ;9 B=: O=<K>9: <Q: F=;9>=:=: 789
A5<Q: :9 O8KE9>5 >986E;= 96 9:5 >9@EI6
9:F=6;EI ?=6 S=H 5F965: 58;EKB9- 9?E>
;9<5:E5;= = F=?= :9>G
5 F9BE@>=:= 9: :8FBE?=
789 <9 ;96 DE9<F= F5>5 F96:5>B=
5>9?G5 9:D5> S5?EB56;= 96D>9 9B D9<=> 5B

O=<K>9 = 9B D9<=> 5B 9T=>- F9>= 5B@= =?8>>EI
5B ;5> B5: :9E: 96 F86D= ;9 B5 6=?O9 :E@8E96D9
8D9>= ;9<=:D>I B5 =:5;G 5 789 ?5>5?D9>EH5K5
:8: 9:?>ED=: 5B :9@8>E;5; 6= 9>5 865
306
58D=?=6UE56H5 F=>789 ?5<E65K5 96 O8<EB;5;
;9B56D9 ;9 E=:- :E6= U89 865 ?=6UE56H5 96 B5
5B5K>5 ;9 E=:
=6 :8: ?=<96D5>E=:- ;9U96;EI :8: 9:?>ED=: M

B9: ;EA= 5 B=: O=<K>9: 789 D96G 56 9B F=;9> ;9
<5D5>B=- 9K= ?5<E65> 96 9B D9<=> ;9B
9T=> B ?=6?B8MI :8: ?=<96D5>E=:
;9?B5>56;=- E ?=6?E96?E5 9: ?58DES5 ;9 B5
5B5K>5 ;9 E=: = F89;= M 6= <9 >9D>5?D5>N
;9 65;5- F=>789 E> 96 ?=6D>5 ;9 B5 ?=6:?E96?E5
6= 9: ?=>>9?D= 6E :9@8>= E=: <9 5M8;9
78G9:D=M UE><9- 6= F89;= O5?9> =D>5 ?=:5
<N6
8D9>= ;9<=:D>I 789 9: F=:EKB9 D9<9> 5B

9T=> 5B <E:<= DE9<F= 789 DE969: <E9;=
9:F8N: ;9 D=;=- 9:D5K5 56D9 86 58@8:D=
D>EK865B ;9 @>56;9: F=;9>9: 9:FE>ED85B9: M
F=BGDE?=: = 9: 6E6@865 :=>F>9:5 :8 D9<=>
9>=- 96 <9;E= ;9B D9<=>- 9:?=@EI ?=6UE5> M
=K9;9?9> 5 E=: :D9 9: 9B D9<=> ;9B 9T=>
96 :8U=><5 <Q: 9B9@56D9
6 F>=U9D5 O9K>9= M :8: 5<E@=:
=: <=;9B=: 789 8D9>= 9:D5K5 :E@8E96;=

:9@8>5<96D9 U89>=6 B=: O=<K>9: ;9B BEK>= ;9
56E9B" 56E9B- 5;>5?- 9:5? M K9;69@=
9:F8N: ;9 9:C: <E:<=- 6= O5M =D>=:
<=;9B=: <Q: @>56;9: 789 9BB=: ?=6 >9:F9?D=
5B D9<=> ;9B 9T=> :D=: O=<K>9: BB9@5>=6 5
:9> F>=<E696D9: 96 9B F9=> DE9<F= F5>5 9B
>9<5696D9 ;9 :>59B B >9E6= ;9 6=>D9 O5KG
5
307
:E;= 9VEBE5;=- M 5KEB=6E5 O5KG 5 E6S5;E;= 8;Q
M 9:D5KB9?E;= >9M9: 789 9>56 :8: DG D9>9: B
F>E6?EFE= ;9 B5 =?8F5?EI6 K5KEBI6E?5- BB9S5>=6 5
B=: AIS969: <Q: K>EBB56D9: ;9 B5: U5<EBE5:
6=KB9: ;9 8;Q F5>5 789 :E>SE9>56 96 B5 ?=>D9
;9 5K8?=;=6=:=>- 96D>9 9BB=: 9:D5K56 56E9B
M :8: 5<E@=:
= :5K9<=: 5 ?E96?E5 ?E9>D5 ?I<= 5F>96;EI

56E9B 9B D9<=> ;9B 9T=> B >9M ;9 A8;Q 789
>9E65K5 ;8>56D9 B5 =?8F5?EI6 K5KEBI6E?5 9>5 9B
F9>S9>:= =578G 6- M NB U89 F>9?9;E;= F=> 9B
>9E65;= K>9S9 ;9 =D>= >9M <5BS5;= =
=K:D56D9- ?5D=>?9 5T=: 56D9: ;9 B5 ?58DESE;5;
K5KEBI6E?5- =:G 5: O5KG 5 :E;= >9M M 9B D>5A= 86
5SES5<E96D= 5B >9E6= : <8M F>=K5KB9 789
56E9B M :8: 5<E@=: U89>=6 9;8?5;=: 96 9B
9:FG >ED8;9 =:G 5:
B F9BE@>= ?=6 9B BEK>= ;9 56E9B 9: 789 689:D>5
U5<EBE5>E;5; ?=6 B5: OE:D=>E5: M B5 5F5>96D9
U5?EBE;5; ?=6 B5 789 9:D=: O=<K>9: 9:?=@E9>=6
D9<9> 5B 9T=>- O5@5 :=65> 9:D9 BEK>= K5:D56D9
=>;E65>E= => 9A9<FB=- 9B BEK>= ?=<E96H5 ?=6
B5 69@5DES5 F=> F5>D9 ;9 56E9B ;9 ?=<9> B5
?=<E;5 5:E@65;5 F=> 9B >9M B ?=<9> D5B
?=<E;5 O8KE9>5 D>5G ;= E6<86;E?E5 ;9 5?89>;=
?=6 B5 B9M <=:5E?5- M 56E9B 9:?=@EI :9@8E>
9:5 B9M 5>5 56E9B :8;9K9> 9>5 =KSE=
9>= 56E9B ?=6 U5?EBE;5; F8;= O5K9> :E;=

:96D96?E5;= 5 <89>D9 F=> :869@5DES5 5 ?=<9>
;9 B5 ?=<E;5 ;9B >9M B 9>5 86 F>E:E=69>=
O9K>9=- M 5K8?=;=6=H=> ?E9>D5<96D9 6=
O8KE9>5 D=B9>5;= 5 D5B K8:?5;=> ;9 F>=KB9<5:
308
6D9 D5B9: ?E>?86:D56?E5: :=:F9?O= 789 <8?O5
@96D9 O8KE9>5 F5:5;= F=> 5BD= B5 B9M- O5?E96;=
B5 >5?E=65BEH5?EI6 ;9 789 5B@865: B9M9: :=6
<Q: E<F=>D56D9: 789 =D>5: :D=M :9@8>= 789
B=: U5>E:9=: O8KE9>56 F=;E;= ;E:9T5> 865
E6D9>F>9D5?EI6 789 5?5BB5>5 :8 ?=6:?E96?E5 96
?89:DEI6 ;9 <E68D=: +F5>5 78N O5?9> D56D=
9:?Q6;5B= F=> ?=<E;5 E6<86;5 = ?=<E;5 789
O5KG 5 :E;= :5?>EUE?5;5 5 B=: G
;=B=:, 9>= 9:D=
9:D5K5 5K:=B8D5<96D9 ?B5>= F5>5 56E9B
E;EI- F=> D56D=- 5B A9U9 ;9 B=: 9868?=: 789
6= :9 B9 =KBE@5:9 5 ?=6D5<E65>:9 W 56 "1X
E6 9<K5>@=- 9:D= :IB= U89 865 ?=>D9:G 5 =
E<F=>D5K5 B= 789 9B =UE?E5B ;EA9>5- 56E9B O5KG5
;9D9><E65;= :8?8>:= ;9 5??EI6
B D9<=> ;9B 9T=> :E<FBEUE?5 B5 SE;5 5>9?9

:9> ?=<= :E 9B BEK>= ;9 56E9B 9: 9B :5BI6 ;9 B5
U5<5 ;9B D9<=> ;9B 9T=> =: :E@8E96D9:
U89>=6 B=: D>9: O9K>9=: & 5;>5?- 9:5?- M
K9;69@= 9 B9: E6;E?I 789 5;=>5>56 865
@>56 9:D5D85 ;9 5K8?=;=6=H=> 5:
E6:D>8??E=69: 9>56 <8M ?B5>5:" 856;=
9:?8?O96 B5 <C:E?5- ?5E@56 5B :89B= M 5;=>96
B5 E<5@96 E 6= B= O5?96- :9>Q6 9?O5;=:
E6<9;E5D5<96D9 5B O=>6= ;9 U89@=
B D9VD= KG
KBE?= 6= 6=: <96?E=65 ?I<= SE9>=6
B=: O=<K>9: ;9 5K8?=;=6=H=> 789 B=:
O9K>9=: 6= =K9;9?G 56 9B ;9?>9D=- F9>= ?=<=
B=: D>9: O9K>9=: 9>56 O=<K>9: F>=<E696D9:-
9:D5 ;9:=K9;E96?E5 5B 9;E?D= ;9KEI O5K9> :E;=
=KSE5 89>=6 D>5G ;=: E6<9;E5D5<96D9
;9B56D9 ;9 86 >9M 5E>5;= =<= 86 @9:D= ;9
309
<E:9>E?=>;E5 :E6 F>9?9;96D9:- 5K8?=;=6=H=>
B9: ;E= B5 =F=>D86E;5; ;9 >9D>5?D5>:9 M
=K9;9?9>B9- F9>= B=: O=<K>9: 6= 69?9:ED5>=6
865 6=?O9 F5>5 F96:5>B= 8 >9:F89:D5 5B
=U>9?E<E96D= ;9B >9M 9: 5K:=B8D5<96D9
5;<E>5KB9
= 9: 69?9:5>E= 789 D9 >9:F=6;5<=: :=K>9

9:D9 5:86D= 9 578G689:D>= E=: 5 78E96
:9>SE<=: F89;9 BEK>5>6=: ;9B O=>6= ;9 U89@=
5>;E96;=\M ;9 D8 <56=- =O >9M- 6=: BEK>5>Q
:E 6=- :9F5:- =O >9M- 789 6= :9>SE>9<=: 5
D8: ;E=:9:- 6E D5<F=?= 5;=>5>9<=: B5 9:D5D85
789 O5: B9S56D5;= W 56 %" )4 1X
5>5 <G - 9B O9?O= ;9 789 O5M56 :=K>9SESE;= 5

B5 F>89K5 ;9B O=>6= 6= 9: 9B ?BG <5V ;9 B5
OE:D=>E5 B O9?O= ;9 789 E=: F89;5 B9S56D5>
O=<K>9: ?=<= 9:D=: F5>5 <G9: :8UE?E96D9
BB=: :=6 9SE;96?E5: ;9 :8@>56 F=;9>
5 D9>?9>5 OE:D=>E5 F>=<E696D9 5?9>?5 ;9B

D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 9:DQ >9B5?E=65;5 ;9 689S=
?=6 56E9B E96D>5: 9B =>@8BB= U89 B5 >5HI6
;9B 9;E?D= ;9 5K8?=;=6=H=> 789 ?=6;965K5 5
B=: D>9: O=<K>9: O9K>9=:- B=: ?9B=: U89>=6 9B
<=DES= ;9D>Q: ;9B ;9?>9D= >95B 789 5U9?DI 5
56E9B 56E9B 9>5 86= ;9 9:=: O=<K>9:
6=D5KB9: 789 D96G 5 @>56;9: D5B96D=: ;5;=: F=>
E=:- 865 >9F8D5?EI6 E<F9?5KB9- M 86 D9<=>
E6?9:56D9 5B 9T=> :D5 9: 865 ?=<KE65?EI6
>5>5: S9?9: =K:9>S5;5 789 F>=S=?5>G 5 B5
96SE;E5 ;9 <8?O5 @96D9- 5:G789 6= 9: 865
:=>F>9:5 9B O9?O= ;9 789 B=: ?=<F5T9>=:
310
5;<E6E:D>5DES=: M @=K9>656D9: ;9 56E9B
9:D8SE9>56 BB96=: ;9 ?9B=:
9>= + I<= F=;>G 56 O5?9> ?59> 5 56E9B,

=;=: DE9696 86 D5BI6 ;9 78EB9: E 9:FG5: B=
:8UE?E96D9 5 5B@8E96 F=;>Q: :9> ?5F5H ;9
96?=6D>5> 5B@= 789 ;5T9 :8 >9F8D5?EI6 M B=
<56D96@5 U89>5 ;9B F=;9> 9>= 9:D=:
O=<K>9: :5KG 56 789- 5 <96=: 789 U89>5 5B@=
>9B5?E=65;= ?=6 B5 B9M ;9 :8 E=:- 686?5
:9>G56 ?5F5?9: ;9 5D>5F5>B=
8EHQ :5?56;= 865 FQ@E65 ;9 B=: 565B9: ;9B

>9E65;= ;9 5K8?=;=6=H=>- B=: @=K9>656D9: B9
:8@E>E9>=6 5B >9M 5>G= 789 F>=<8B@5>5 86
9;E?D= E>>9S=?5KB9- SE@96D9 :IB= F=> 86 <9:-
96 9B 789 :9 F>=OEKE9>5 789 :9 OE?E9:9 =>5?EI6
5 ?85B78E9> O=<K>9 = ;E=:- 789 6= U89:9 9B
>9M 5>G= 9:D8S= :5DE:U9?O= ?=6 B5 :8@9>96?E5
F9>= F5:I ?=<FB9D5<96D9 E65;S9>DE;5: B5:
E<FBE?5?E=69:
=<= 56D9:- 56E9B OEH= 789 B5 ?=:5 F5>9?E9>5

UQ?EB = D=5 >9UB9VE=65>
96?EBB5<96D9 ?=6DE68I :8 OQKED= ;9 =>5> ;9
>=;EBB5:- D>9: S9?9: 5B ;G 5- 96 B5 S96D565
5KE9>D5 96 ;E>9??EI6 5 9>8:5BN6 = 9:D5K5
D>5D56;= ;9 O5?9> 86 9:F9?DQ?8B= F=> <9;E=
;9 9:D5 =>5?EI6 FCKBE?5 E6= 789 :9
=>E96D5K5 O5?E5 9>8:5BN6 ;9KE;= 5 :8 @>56
5<=> F=> :8 F89KB= M F=> B5: F>=<9:5: ;9
E=: 5 9>8:5BN6 U>9?G5 =>5?E=69: ;9
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311
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5 M :5BS5>G
5 5 :8F89KB=-
SE6E9>5 F>=6D=
= 9VE:D9 86 >9@E:D>= ;9 B= 789 56E9B ;EA=

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P 8N BQ:DE<5R 8: ?=<96D5>E=: :9>G56
U5K8B=:=: F5>5 86 ;>5<5 9>= 56E9B- 78E96
9:?>EKEI 9B BEK>=- 6= 9>5 ;9B DEF= ;9 F9>:=65:
789 B9: @8:D5 BB5<5> B5 5D96?EI6 :D=M
:9@8>= 789 D8S= 789 5D>5S9:5> B5 5@=6G 5 5B
?=6:E;9>5> B= 789 9:D5K5 5F86D= ;9 :8?9;9>
B E@85B 789 :8: 5<E@=: O9K>9=: NB :5KG 5 789
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9:5 :5BS5?EI6 6= 9>5 <8M F>=K5KB9
56E9B 6= 9:D5K5 E6D9>9:5;= 96 BB5<5> B5

5D96?EI6 O5?E5 :G <E:<= B ?=6D>5>E=-
;9:95K5 789 :8FE9>5<=: 789 E=: 9: <Q:
@>56;9 789 >9M9:- <Q: @>56;9 789 U89@=:-
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;9:95K5 789 9B 6=<K>9 ;9 E=: U89>5
:56DEUE?5;= 96 D=;= 9B <86;=- M 5:G U89
9:F8N: ;9 789 E=: :5BSI 5 56E9B- 9B >9M
5>G
= ?5:DE@I 5 B=: 5;<E6E:D>5;=>9: ?9B=:=:
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9 F5>D9 <G 5 9: F89:D5 9:D5 =>;9656H5" 89

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B :5BS5 M BEK>5- M O5?9 :9T5B9: M <5>5SEBB5: 96
312
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;9B F=;9> ;9 B=: B9=69: W 56 )"!)4!/X
65 5<5 ;9 ?5:5" 56?M
56?M 6= 9: 86 F9>:=65A9 KG KBE?= :8:

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;9:9:F9>5;5
5KE96;= ?>9?E;= ?=6 86 F5;>9 K=>>5?O= M 865

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F5;>9 9>5 ?>89B- 56?M :9 :96DG 5 :E6 S5B=> M
S5?G
5 BB5 SE6= 5 :8F5:D=> F=>789 :96DG5 789
:8 9:F=:= 6= 9:D5K5 BB9656;= :8:
69?9:E;5;9:- M ?=<= >9:8BD5;=- 9BB5 EK5 ;9B
96=A= 5 B5 ;9F>9:EI6- M SE?9S9>:5
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?>89B;5; M ;9:?8E;= 96 D8 U5<EBE5- M 56?M
69?9:ED5 96D96;9> B= 789 E=: ;E?9 5 B5:
F9>:=65: 789 O56 :E;= B5:DE<5;5: F=> =D>=:
= =K:D56D9- 9:D5 9: :IB= 865 F5>D9 ;9B
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;9 >9?EFE96D9
65 >5HI6 F=> B5 789 B=: ?>E:DE56=: >9:F=6;96

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9: F=>789 9:D5: D9=>G 5: D=<56 96 :9>E= 9B
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313
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;9 B5 ?=<F5:EI6 ;9 E=: :=K>9 5789BB=:
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?=<F5>DE96;= ?=6 56?M B5 F9>:F9?DES5 ;9
E=: :=K>9 B5: SG
?DE<5:- 9B F5:D=> D5<KEN6 B9
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DE9<F= ?=>D= ;9 >9UB9VEI6- 56?M >9:F=6;EI-
9?9:ED= 789 <E 9:F=:= <9 9:?8?O9 M
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314
B F5:D=> >9:F=6;EI ?=6 865 =K:9>S5?EI6 789
O5 :E;= O9?O5 5 D>5SN: ;9 B5 OE:D=>E5 56?M
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9:D= 96 B5 >9B5?EI6 ?=6 D8 9:F=:=, E96D>5:
69?9:ED9: 5 D8 9:F=:= F5>5 BB965>D9
9<=?E=65B<96D9- D9 :96DE>Q: ?=6D>=B5;5 F=>
NB
5 :9@86;5 F>9@86D5 9:D5K5 K5:5;5 96 9:5

=K:9>S5?EI6 B F5:D=> B9 FE;EI 5 56?M 789
?=6:E;9>5>5 B5 F>9@86D5- + 8N = 78EN6 D9
?=6D>=B5, 9 B9 FE;EI 789 9:D8SE9>5
9:F9?E5B<96D9 5D96D5 5 B=: 9S96D=: = B5 @96D9
789 B5 ;9A5K56 ;9F>E<E;5 = 96=A5;5
BB5 >9@>9:I ?=6 865 BE:D5 K5:D56D9 B5>@5

6?B8G5 5 :8 9:F=:=- :8: OEA=:- :8 <5;>9- :8
F5;>9 M :8: 5<E@=: ;9 B5 E@B9:E5 BB5 O5KG
5
9:?>ED= 9S96D=: ;9 ?5;5 ;G 5 789 B9
;9<=:D>5K56 789 9:D5K5 ?=6D>=B5;5 F=> =D>5:
F9>:=65:
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F=69: D8 ?=6UE56H5, 56?M E6<9;E5D5<96D9
SE= 789 B5: D>9: F>9@86D5: 9>56 E;N6DE?5: =
789 69?9:ED5K5 B5 ?=6D>=B5K5\ B= 789 B5
?=6D>=B5K5 9>5 9B =KA9D= ;9 :8 ?=6UE56H5 =
D9<=> 8 F5:5;= U89 ?E9>D5<96D9
F>=KB9<QDE?= M ;=B=>=:=- M 69?9:ED5K5 :9>
D>5D5;= 9>= 9B 5:86D= 789 O5?G5 789 :8SE;5
U89>5 D56 ;EUG
?EB 5O=>5 6= 9>5 D56D= :8 F5:5;=
?=<= B= 9>5 9B =KA9D= ;9 :8 5;=>5?EI6 B
F>=KB9<5 9:D5K5 ;96D>= ;9 9BB5- 6= 5U89>5
315
56?M ?=<96HI 5 :9T5B5> :8 F>=KB9<5 ?=<=
D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 M 865 U5BD5 ;9 D9<=> 5 E=:
=<= 96 9B ?5:= ;9 <8?O=: ?>E:DE56=:- B5
@96D9 O5KG5 BB9@5;= 5 :9> 9B F86D= ;9 ?=6D>=B
96 B5 SE;5 ;9 56?M BB5 5;<E>5K5 5 B=:
;9<Q: =6G 5 :8 9:F9>56H5 96 9BB=:
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O=<K>9- B5 U89>H5 ;9D>Q: ;9 D=;= 9>5 865
F>9=?8F5?EI6 F=> 9BB5 <E:<5 9 5F=M5K5 96
B=: ;9<Q: F=>789 ?>9G 5 789 9BB=: D96G56 9B
F=;9> F5>5 ;5>B9 B= 789 ;9:95K5 9?9:ED5K5
5 B5 @96D9 ;9KE;= 5 B= 789 9BB5 ;9:95K5 6
=D>5: F5B5K>5:- B5: ;9<Q: F9>:=65: 9>56
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56?M ?=<96HI 5 ;E:DE6@8E> 96D>9 B5

S9>@[96H5 ;9 O5K9> :E;= =KA9D= ;9 F9?5;= M
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789 :8 F>=KB9<5 ?=6 9B F9?5;= 9>5 <Q:
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:8 SE;5- F9>= 9:D8S= <Q: D8>K5;5 F=> 9B D9<5
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F58D5 ;=<E656D9 ;9 F9?5;= 96 :8SE;5
316
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6= 9>5 E> 5 >E:D= F5>5 :5DE:U5?9> :8 69?9:E;5;
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6= 9>5 I6;9 F89;= 96?=6D>5> <E S5B=>
F9>:=65B, :E6= + => 78N 9:D=M D56
F>9=?8F5;5 F=> <G<E:<5, 5 6= 9>5 + I<=
F89;9 E=: BB965> <E: 69?9:E;5;9:, :E6=
+ I<= F89;= S9> 5 >E:D= D56 @B=>E=:= 789
<9 =BSE;9 ;9 <E: 69?9:E;5;9: F9>?EKE;5:,
9:?8K>EI789 9>9<G 5: /"(4 3 U89 <8M CDEB

9 <=:D>I 789 9B D9<=> 5B O=<K>9 9>5 B5
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865 <5B;E?EI6 789 ;9A5K5 5 :8: SG ?DE<5:
;9:DED8E;5: = S5?G 5: 5 5BD9>65DES5- 9: ;9?E>-
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5 B5 SE;5 M 5 B5 FB96ED8;
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317
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9>56 DE9<F=: BEK9>5;=>9:
5<KEN6 ?=<96HI5 =>5> F=> ?>9?E<E96D= 96 9B

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789 B5 @96D9 96 :8 SE;5 =6 B5 ?=6UE56H5 ;9
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<9;E;5 789 ;9:5>>=BBI 86 F=>D5U=BE= <Q:

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?=<96HI @>5;85B<96D9 5 96D96;9> :8
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9:F9?E5B<96D9 :9 S9G 5 5 :G <E:<5 ?=<=
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318
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CUANDO LA GENTE ES

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