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CHAPTER
MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Flexin Pura
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 4.03
Reinforced Concrete Beams
Sample Problem 4.4
Stress Concentrations
Plastic Deformations
Members Made of an Elastoplastic Material
Plastic Deformations of Members With a Single
Plane of S...
Residual Stresses
Example 4.05, 4.06
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry
Example 4.07
Sample Problem 4.8
Unsymmetric Bending
Example 4.08
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading
4-2
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4-3
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4-4
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4-5
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4-6
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
L y
L L y y
y
y (Deformacin vara
x
linealmente)
c
c
m
or
y
c
x m
4-7
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
0 m y dA
c
M y x dA y m dA
c
I
M m y 2 dA m
c
c
m
Mc M
I
S
y
Substituting x m
c
x
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
My
I
4-8
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
I
S
I section moment of inertia
I
S section modulus
c
4-9
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 10
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
1 Mc
m m
c
Ec Ec I
M
EI
1
z x
Curvatura anticlstica
4 - 11
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 12
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 13
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 14
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 15
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
I x I A d
Mc
I
Calcular la curvatura
1
M
EI
4 - 16
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
38 mm
3000
A
3
1 bh3 A d 2
I x I A d 2 12
I 868103 mm 86810-9 m4
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4 - 17
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
9
4
I
86810 mm
M cB
3 kN m 0.038m 131.3 MPa
B
9
4
I
86810 mm
m
A
B
Calcular la curvatura
1
M
EI
3 kN m
47.7 m
4 - 18
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
E1 y
2 E2 x
E2 y
My
I
1 x
dF2
nE1 y dA E1 y n dA
E
n 2
E1
4 - 19
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 20
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Ejemplo 4.03
SOLUCIN:
Transformar la barra con una seccin transversal
equivalente hecha de latn.
Es 29 106 psi
n
1.933
6
Eb 15 10 psi
bT 0.4 in 1.933 0.75 in 0.4 in 2.25 in
5.063 in 4
Mc 40 kip in 1.5 in
11.85 ksi
4
I
5.063in
b max m
s max n m 1.93311.85 ksi
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
bx x n As d x 0
2
1 b x2 n A x n A d
s
s
2
My
I
c x
s n x
4 - 22
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 23
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
8.06
Ec 3.6 106 psi
2
nAs 8.06 24 85 in 4.95in 2
x 1.450in
I
44.4in 4
s n
Mc2
40 kip in 2.55in
8.06
I
44.4in 4
c 1.306 ksi
s 18.52 ksi
4 - 24
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
m K
Mc
I
4 - 25
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
My
I
y
Para un material con una curva del esfuerzodeformacin, tiene que satisfacer la condicin del
eje neutro. En donde,
Fx x dA 0
M y x dA
4 - 26
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Deformaciones Plsticas
Cuando la tensin mxima es igual a la ltima
fuerza del material, se produce el fallo y el
correspondiente momento se conoce como el
ltimo momento de flexin.
El modulo de ruptura en la flexin, RB, se
encuentra un valor determinado
experimentalmente de MU hace una distribucin
ficticia de esfuerzos.
RB
MU c
I
4 - 27
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
x Y
m Y
I
MY Y maximum elastic moment
c
3 M 1 1 yY
2 Y
3 2
4 - 28
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
M p 12 A Y d
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4 - 29
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 30
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 31
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
3 M 1 1 yY
2 Y
3 2
36.8 kN m
3 28.8kN m 1 1 yY
2
3 2
yY
yY
0.666
c 60 mm
c
2 yY 80 mm
Radius of curvature:
Maximum elastic moment:
I 2 2 2
3
3 2
bc 3 50 10 m 60 10 m
c 3
120106 m3
I
M Y Y 120106 m3 240 MPa
c
28.8 kN m
Y
E
240106 Pa
200109 Pa
1.2 103
y
Y Y
yY
40 103 m
1.2 103
33.3 m
4 - 32
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
M = 36.8 kN-m
yY 40 mm
Y 240 MPa
M = -36.8 kN-m
Mc 36.8 kN m
I
120106 m3
306.7 MPa 2 Y
M=0
At the edge of the elastic core,
x
E
35.5 106 Pa
200109 Pa
177.5 106
yY
40 103 m
177.5 106
225m
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4 - 33
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Carga excntrica
FP
M Pd
P My
A I
4 - 34
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 4.07
SOLUTION:
4 - 35
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 4.07
Normal stress due to a
centric load
A c 2 0.25in 2
0.1963in 2
P
160 lb
0
A 0.1963in 2
815 psi
I
.068103 in 4
8475psi
4 - 36
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 4.07
t 9260psi
c 7660psi
P My0
A
I
P I
3.068103 in 4
y0
815psi
AM
105lb in
y0 0.0240in
4 - 37
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 38
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
A
I
3 103
868 109
0.028 P 0.038 1559 P
P Mc
P
B B
A
I
3 103
868 109
A
P 76.9 kN
4 - 39
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 - 40
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Flexin Asimtrica
0 Fx x dA m dA
y
c
or 0 y dA
y
m dA
z
c
I
or M m
I I z moment of inertia
c
y
c
or 0 yz dA I yz product of inertia
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Flexin Asimtrica
La superposicin se aplica para determinar las tensiones
en el caso ms general de flexin no simtricas.
M y M sin
Mzy M yy
Iz
Iy
M cos y M sin y
Mzy M yy
Iz
Iy
Iz
Iy
y Iz
tan
z Iy
4 - 42
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 4.08
SOLUTION:
Resolve the couple vector into
components along the principle
centroidal axes and calculate the
corresponding maximum stresses.
M z M cos
M y M sin
Mzy M yy
Iz
Iy
tan
stress in the beam, (b) the angle that the
z Iy
neutral axis forms with the horizontal
plane.
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4 - 43
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 4.08
Resolve the couple vector into components and calculate
the corresponding maximum stresses.
M z 1600lb in cos 30 1386lb in
M y 1600lb in sin 30 800lb in
1 1.5 in 3.5 in 3 5.359in 4
I z 12
1 3.5 in 1.5 in 3 0.9844in 4
I y 12
The largest tensile stress due to M z occurs along AB
M y 1386lb in 1.75in
1 z
452.6 psi
4
Iz
5.359in
609.5 psi
4
Iy
0.9844in
max 1062psi
4 - 44
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 4.08
Determine the angle of the neutral axis.
Iz
5.359in 4
tan tan
tan 30
4
Iy
0.9844in
3.143
72.4o
4 - 45
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
A Iz
Iy
4 - 46