UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

FACULTAD DE FARMACIA Y BIOQUMICA

DEPARTAMENTO ACADMICO DE FARMACOLOGA,
BROMATOLOGA Y TOXICOLOGA

Determinacin de fenoles y cido hiprico en orina como

indicadores de exposicin al benceno y tolueno en
trabajadores de confeccin y reparacin de calzados del
Mercado Virrey Amat del distrito del Rmac
TESIS
para optar al ttulo profesional de Qumico Farmacutico

AUTORES
Daniel Eusebio Salinas
Yulios Edwin Rodrguez Minaya

ASESOR
Jos Alfonso Apestegua Infantes

Lima Per
2007

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Tipo
cido Hiprico g/L
Fenoles mg/L

N
40
40

Mnimo
1.52
134.00

! * !+, !% !( $ '+
- - (! '! (

Mximo
2.87
332.00

+! $(- '

Media
2.05
220.65

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)) = 6.8

% $% '! ,& &:% '! 7= > 6.8

! " #$%& '!( )

Grado de Instruccin
Frecuencia

Porcentaje

Primaria

17

42.5

Secundaria

23

57.5

Total

40

100

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G r a d o d e In s tr u c c i n

30

23

25
20

17

15
10
5
0
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A
#

B
! " #$%& '!( )

Aos Laborando
Jornada Laboral
Edad

N
40
40
40

Mnimo
5
6
28

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20
10
54

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Media
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9.25
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C

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Signos o
sntomas
Ojos Irritados
Dolor de Cabeza
Nauseas
No presenta
Total

Frecuencia
14
7
9
10
40

Porcentaje
35
17.5
22.5
25
100

% Acumulado
35
52.5
75
100

! " #$%& '!( )

S in t o m a s y S ig n o s
N o p r e s e n ta

10

Nauseas

D o lo r d e C a b e z a

O jo s Ir r it a d o s

14
0

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&
%3! &:% 2 +!0 + &:% '! ? 0 <$! -&!%!% (

0+! !%- % ' ( + '!

F%- 6

&++&- '
*!?

10

) <$! '! ( 6$! -+ '! (

!( 6 2 + 0 + !%- 4! '! F%- 6

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15

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! " #$%& '!( )

Tipo de Proteccin Frecuencia

Porcentaje

% Acumulado

Lentes

10

10

Mameluco

12.5

22.5

Guantes

2.5

25

Ninguna

30

75

100

40

100

Total

J
! " #$%& '!( )

T ip o d e P r o t e c c i n
N in g u n a

30

G u a n te s

M a m e lu c o

L e n te s

4
0

10

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&

20

30

40

; <$! '! ( 6$! -+ '! (

-+ * 4 ' +! '!

%3! &:% 2 +!0 + &:% '! ? 0 -

!( 6 2 + 0 + !%- 4! '! -&0

++! 0 %'!

) 7@5 (

.$ %-! ) 7 @

<$! $ % 6 6!($

&% !6* +. $% 7@ % $

<$! $ % (!%-!

%&%.$% 0+ -! &:%

'! 0+ -! &:%

@2(

<$! $ %

! " #$%& '!( )

Medicin Fenoles totales
Elevado
Edades

Normal

Mayor a 75 mg/L

Menor a 75 mg/L

Total

De 26 a 35

18

18

De 36 a 45

16

16

Mayor de 46

40

40

Total

! " #$%& '!( )

Elevado: Mayor a 75 mg/L
25
20

18

16

15
10

5
0
de 26 a 35

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&
6/K&6 0!+6& &*(! ' ' 0 + (
(

'! 6 2 +

% !%-+ &:% (

de 36 a 45

Mayor de 46

<$! !.1% !( .+$0 !-/+! - '

E '! 3!% (! - - (! !% +&% <$! !
'! )= ;7 C

2(

'! 6!% + (

$0!+ % !( (F6&-!
7 6.8 G &!%'

6 2 +! '! = C

! " #$%& '!( )

Medicin cido Hiprico
Edades

Elevado

Normal

Mayor a 1.4 g/L

Menor a 1.4 g/L

Total

de 26 a 35

18

18

de 36 a 45

16

16

Mayor de 46

40

40

Total

! " #$%& '!( )

Elevado: Mayor a 1.4 g/L
25
20

18

16

15
10

5
0
de 26 a 35

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&
6/K&6 0!+6& &*(! ' ' 0 + (
&!%' (

'! 6 2 +

de 36 a 45

Mayor de 46

7 <$! !.1% !( .+$0 !-/+! - '

E

% !%-+ &:% (

0 + / &' "&01+&
'! )=

= C

7)

;7 C

2(

$0!+ % !( (F6&-!

!% +&% <$! !
'! 6!% + (

5 .8 G

6 2 +! '!

9
#

! " #$%& '!( )

Medicin Fenoles totales
Elevado

Normal

Jornada Laboral

Mayor a 75 mg/L

Menor a 75 mg/L

Total

6 Horas

8 Horas

11

11

10 Horas

27

27

Total

40

40

=
#

! " #$%& '!( )

Elevado: Mayor a 75 mg/L
35
30
25
20

27

15
10
5
0

11
2
6 Horas

8 Horas

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&
%3! &:% 2 +!0 + &:% '! ? 0 -

= <$! '! ( 6$! -+ '! (

!.1% 4 +% ' ( * + ( - '

( 6!'& &:% '! 3!% (! - - (! 6 2 +

(

'!6/ ( 6 2 + 3+! $!% &

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( * + %=" +

10 Horas

' %

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6 +! $(- ' !%

7 6.8 <$! ! !( (F6&-! 6/K&6 0!+6&-&' 0 +

++! 0 %'!

<$! ( * + % 9 " +

H) -+ * 4 ' +! I

7;

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" +

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H)
<$!

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#

! " #$%& '!( )

Medicin Acido Hiprico
Elevado

Normal

Jornada Laboral

Mayor a 1.4 g/L

Menor a 1.4 g/L

Total

6 Horas

8 Horas

11

11

10 Horas

27

27

Total

40

40

! " #$%& '!( )

Elevado: Mayor a 1.4g/L
35
30
25
20

27

15
10
5
0

11
2
6 Horas

8 Horas

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&

<$! '! ( 6$! -+ '! (

%3! &:% 2 +!0 + &:% '! ? 0 (

6!'& &:% '! / &'

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"&01+&

<$! ( * + %

-+ * 4 ' +! I 2 3&% (6!%-! (

10 Horas

!.1% 4 +% ' ( * + ( - '

6 2 +
" +

.8

' %

'!6/

H) -+ * 4 ' +! I5 ($!. (

<$! ( * + % = " +

-+ * 4 ' +! '!

6 +! $(- ' !%
6 2 + 3+! $!% &

<$! ( * + % 9 " +

H) -+ * 4 ' +! I

! " #$%& '!( )

Medicin Fenoles totales.
Elevado

Normal

Mayor a 75 mg/L

Menor a 75 mg/L

Menos de 5 aos

de 6 a 10 aos

29

29

de 11 a 15 aos

de 16 a 20 aos

40

40

Aos Laborando

Total

Total

9
A

! " #$%& '!( )

Elevado: Mayor a 75 mg/L
35

29

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

1
Menos de 5 aos

de 6 a 10 aos

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&

6!'& &:% '! 3!% (!

++! 0 %'!

-+ * 4 ' +! I5 '!

- - (!

'! =
7 C

de 11 a 15 aos

de 16 a 20 aos

9 <$! '! ( 6$! -+ '! (

%3! &:% 2 +!0 + &:% '! ? 0 (

!.1% C
6 2 +
C

( * + %' - '
7 6.8

'!6/

H)> -+ * 4 ' +! I5 ($!.

H; -+ * 4 ' +! I 2 6!%

77

'! 7 C

-+ * 4 ' +! '!

' %
(
'!

6 +! $(- ' !%
6 2 + 3+! $!% &
=

H -+ * 4 ' +I

! " #$%& '!( )

Medicin Acido Hiprico
Elevado

Normal

Mayor de 1.4

Menor de 1.4

g/L

g/L

Total

Menos de 5 aos

de 6 a 10 aos

29

29

de 11 a 15 aos

de 16 a 20 aos

40

40

Aos Laborando

Total

>
A

! " #$%& '!( )

Elevado: Mayor a 1.4 g/L
35

29

30
25
20
15

10
5
0

Menos de 5 aos de 6 a 10 aos de 11 a 15 aos de 16 a 20 aos

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&

> <$! '! ( 6$! -+ '! (

%3! &:% 2 +!0 + &:% '! ? 0 -

!.1% C

% !%-+ &:% '! / &'

6 2 +

++! 0 %'!

-+ * 4 ' +! I5 '!

"&01+&

'! =
C

( * + %' - '
.8

'!6/

H)> -+ * 4 ' +! I5 ($!.

H; -+ * 4 ' +! I 2 6!%

7=

'! 7 C

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' %

6 +! $(- ' $%

6 2 + 3+! $!% &

'!

H -+ * 4 ' +I

! " #$%& '!( )

Tipo de Proteccin

Sntomas o Signos

Lentes

Mameluco

Guantes

Ninguna

Total

Ojos Irritados

13

14

Dolor de Cabeza

Nauseas

No presenta

10

Total

30

40

! " #$%& '!( )

S in to m a s o S ig n o s s e g u n T ip o d e P r o te c c i n
13

14
12
10
8
6

4
2

3
1

L e n te s

1 1

* !+,

+!0 + &:% '! ? 0 0+ -! &:%5 (

F%- 6
4

0 0

M a m e lu c o

O j o s I r r i ta d o s

6 6

G u a n te s

D o lo r d e C a b e z a

N a u se a s

N in g u n a
N o p r e s e n ta

!% !( .+/3&

<$! (

-+ * 4 ' +!

!% +!( &:% (

<$! 0+! !%- % F%- 6

'!

&.%

%3! &:% 2
!.1% !( -&0 '!

-+ * 4 ' +! <$! % $-&(&? % %&%.1% -&0 '! 0+ -! &:%

0+! !%- % H; -+ * 4 ' +! I 2 '! ! - 5 ! * !+, <$! (

&++&- '

% (

0+! !%- % %&%.$%

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F 6& 6

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%(

% $!

H=

= -+ * 4 ' +! %

! " #$%& '!( )

Grupos de Edad

Sntomas o Signos

de 26 a 35

de 36 a 45

Mayor de 46

Total

Ojos Irritados

14

Dolor de Cabeza

Nauseas

No presenta

10

18

16

40

Total

! " #$%& '!( )

S in t o m a s o S ig n o s s e g u n G r u p o d e E d a d
10
8
6

5
4

de 26 a 35

de 36 a 45

O j o s I r r i ta d o s

+!0 + &:% '! ? 0 -

&.%

<$! ! !% $!%-+ % '!%-+ '!( + %. '! )=

H 9 -+ * 4 ' +! I5

&!%'

-+ * 4 ' +! I5 ($!. (
<$! 0+! !%- % ' ( + '!

!% +!( &:%

;7 C

%(

&++&- '

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&%- 6 - ( .F

79

N o p r e se n ta

-+ * 4 ' +! '!

<$! 0+! !%- % % $ !

<$! -&!%!% (

!-/+! % 0+! !%- % %&%.$%

N a u se a s

<$! '! (

!.1% F%- 6

M ayor de 46

D o lo r d e C a b e z a

* !+, !% !( .+/3&

( !' '5 (

<$! 6/
(

F%- 6

%3! &:% 2
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0+! !%- %

6 2 + 3+! $!% &

H7

H7 -+ * 4 ' +! I 2 0 + 1(-&6 (

F 6& 6 = -+ * 4 ' +! '! ! -! .+$0

D
A

! " #$%& '!( )

Sntomas o Signos

Aos Laborando
Menos de 5 aos

de 6 a 10 aos

de 11 a 15 aos

de 16 a 20 aos

Total

Ojos Irritados

14

Dolor de Cabeza

Nauseas

No presenta

10

10

Total

29

40

D
A

! " #$%& '!( )

S in t o m a s o S ig n o s s e g u n A o s L a b o r a n d o
15
12
9

5 5

6
3
0

0 0

4
1

M enos de 5 aos

0
de 6 a 10 aos

! * !+, !% !( .+/3&
!.1% F%- 6

) <$! '! (
&.%

de 11 a 15 aos

D o lo r d e C a b e z a

! !% $!%-+ % '!%-+ '!( + %. '! =

Nause as

(
C

( * + %'

%(

<$! 0+! !%- % (

3+! $!% & H> -+ * 4 ' +! I5 ($!. (

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7>

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N o p re s e n ta

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0
de 16 a 20 aos

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? 0 -

10

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(- !% %-+ ' I !%- % ! !% %-+ 6

! )) =75

% $% '! ,& &:% -F0&

<$! '! (

'! 7= > 2 $%

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Prueba T

Estadsticos para una muestra

N
Fenoles mg/L

40

Media
220.65

Desviacin
tp.
56.790

Error tp. de
la media
8.979

Prueba para una muestra

Valor de prueba = 75

Fenoles mg/L

" +
(&*!+- '

t
16.221

( 0(& + ( 0+$!*

gl

39

" (( 6

Sig. (bilateral)
.000

!( , ( + ! - 'F -&

% $%

95% Intervalo de
confianza para la
diferencia
Inferior
Superior
127.49
163.81

Diferencia
de medias
145.650

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H 60 + %' (

% ;> .+ '
%

7I ! '! &+ <$!

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!% %-+ + !

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Prueba T

Estadsticos para una muestra

N

cido Hiprico g/L

40

Desviacin
tp.
.37819

Media
2.0530

Error tp. de
la media
.05980

Prueba para una muestra

Valor de prueba = 1.4

t
10.920

cido Hiprico g/L

" +

( 0(& + ( 0+$!*

(&*!+- '

" (( 6

gl

39

Sig. (bilateral)
.000

!( , ( + ! - 'F -&

% $%

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de medias
.65300

'!

H 60 + %' (

>)

95% Intervalo de
confianza para la
diferencia
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Superior
.5320
.7740

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%

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Duracin
jornada laboral

Tipo de proteccin

Edad

Aos
laborando

Grado de
instruccin

Signos y sntomas

10

Ninguna

54

16

Primaria

Ojos irritados

10

Ninguna

48

18

Primaria

Ojos irritados

Ninguna

47

Primaria

No presenta

10

Ninguna

35

15

Secundaria

Ojos irritados

Ninguna

29

12

Secundaria

Dolor de cabeza

10

Ninguna

33

17

Secundaria

Nauseas

10

Ninguna

37

17

Primaria

Nauseas

Lentes

28

Secundaria

Nauseas

10

Ninguna

37

Primaria

No presenta

10

Ninguna

36

20

Primaria

Nauseas

10

Ninguna

42

19

Primaria

Ojos irritados

10

Ninguna

41

17

Primaria

Ojos irritados

Ninguna

34

Secundaria

Ojos irritados

10

Ninguna

32

Secundaria

Ojos irritados

10

Lentes

32

Secundaria

No presenta

Ninguna

31

Secundaria

No presenta

10

Ninguna

37

11

Primaria

Dolor de cabeza

10

Mameluco

41

Secundaria

No presenta

10

Mameluco

40

Secundaria

No presenta

10

Lentes

37

Primaria

Nauseas

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10

Lentes

50

Secundaria

Dolor de cabeza

10

Ninguna

32

Primaria

Ojos irritados

Ninguna

33

Secundaria

Dolor de cabeza

Guantes

33

Secundaria

Nauseas

Ninguna

38

Secundaria

Nauseas

10

Ninguna

37

Primaria

Ojos irritados

10

Ninguna

37

Secundaria

Ojos irritados

Ninguna

35

Secundaria

No presenta

Ninguna

29

Secundaria

No presenta

Ninguna

33

Secundaria

Nauseas

10

Mameluco

34

Secundaria

Dolor de cabeza

10

Ninguna

40

Primaria

Ojos irritados

10

Ninguna

46

10

Primaria

Ojos irritados

10

Ninguna

47

Primaria

Ojos irritados

10

Mameluco

38

Primaria

Ojos irritados

10

Ninguna

37

Primaria

Dolor de cabeza

Mameluco

28

Secundaria

No presenta

10

Ninguna

36

Secundaria

Dolor de cabeza

10

Ninguna

34

Secundaria

Nauseas

Ninguna

29

Secundaria

No presenta

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