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318
Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2008, 25: 318-333
Abstract
In this study the main objective was the extraction and characterization of
pectin from plantain peel, specifically from Harton clone, which constitutes a
raw material with a high availability in national market and it is not to take in
advantage. Peel was obtained from Selecta processor plant located in south of
Maracaibo Lake. Isolation of peptic material was accomplished through the acid
hydrolysis by using HCl as extractor agent. Two pH conditions (2.0 and 3.0) were
essayed during 60 minutes of heating at 85ºC. Quality of the extracted pectin
was determined by analysis of moisture, ash, gelling time, anhydrous-uronic acid
content, methoxyl content, relative viscosity, infrared spectrometry and finally,
apple marmalade was made with this pectin to analyze its sensorial properties.
The maximum composition obtained was 20.68% wt/wt on dried basis from the
extraction made at pH 2.0. The best quality pectin was extracted at pH 3.0 showing
12.72% of AUA content, 2.22% of methoxyl content, 9.43 minutes of gelling time
and this pectin showed the better acceptance in the sensorial analysis. The infrared
spectrometry confirmed that pectin obtained was low methoxyl content. Pectin
evaluated is qualified as slow gelling according to the methoxyl and anhydrous-
uronic acid content. Pectin obtained to pH 3.0 has competitive characteristics
inside of its type to be guided to the feeding industry.
Key words: pectin, plantain, acidic hydrolysis, methoxyl, galacturonic acid.
Introducción Introduction
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Variable pH
2,0 3,0
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Variable pH
2,0 3,0
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Variable pH
2,0 3,0
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Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2008, 25: 318-333
de medias por Tukey indicó que esta methoxyl content (Haikel et al., 2006;
diferencia en el contenido de metoxilo Haikel et al., 2007).
fue significativa (P<0,05). Los resul- Anhydrous-uronic acid
tados indican que el pH de extracción content
afectó el contenido de metoxilo de la Content of anhydrous-uronic
pectina extraída. El valor obtenido de acid in pectin extracted in this
este parámetro de calidad a pH 3,0 research is shown in table 3.
(2,22±0,43%) es superior al señalado Anhydrous-uronic acid content is 62%
por Von Loesecke (1949) con 1,2% en inferior to pH 2,0 in comparison with
bananos e inferior a los indicados por pH 3,0; due to the little
Normah y Hasnah (2000), Corona et despolimerizante action that cause
al., (1996), Camejo et al., (1996), the decrease of hydrogen ions
D’Addosio et al., (2005) con 9,36 en concentration [H+]. The Tukey mean
kiwi, 10,97 y 9,90% en corteza de test showed significant differences
parchita, respectivamente. (P<0.05) in the anhydrous-uronic acid
El índice de metoxilación encon- content. Therefore, this result shows
trado en este estudio se considera bajo the pH influence of extraction
(Guzmán, et al., 1977), el cual podría conditions on the anhydrous-uronic
estar relacionado a la composición acid content of pectic extracted from
química del fruto evaluado y al efecto green plantain peel. Value obtained
del agente extractante que posible- at pH 3.0 (12.72±2.06%) is superior
mente induce el rompimiento de los to those reported by Von Loesecke
ésteres metílicos y en consecuencia, (1949) with 10.19% in bananas and
causa una disminución del contenido inferior to those reported by Camejo
de metoxilo (Haikel et al., 2006; et al. (1996), Corona et al. (1996),
Haikel et al., 2007). D’Addosio et al. (2005) with 52.83 in
Contenido de ácido lemons; 71.65 and 78.00% in passion
anhidrourónico fruit peel, respectively.
El contenido de ácido Values obtained in both
anhidrourónico en la pectina extraí- treatments (7.87±2.19 to pH 2.0 and
da en el presente estudio se presenta 12.72±2.06) were considered as lows.
en el cuadro 3. La cantidad de ácido These little percentages of anhydrous-
anhidrourónico es 62% menor a pH uronic acid contents obtained in this
2,0 en comparación con el pH 3,0; de- research could be caused by
bido probablemente a la menor acción interferences for presence of
despolimerizante que causa la dismi- impurities such as neutral sugars
nución de la concentración de iones associated: latex, tannins, gums and
[H+]. La prueba de medias por Tukey other compounds presents in the
indicó que la diferencia en el conteni- structure of plantain peel that could
do de ácido anhidrourónico fue signi- be hydrolyzed besides of the extracted
ficativa (P<0,05). Por lo tanto, estos pectin (Jittra et al., 2005).
resultados reflejan la influencia del Gelling and relative
pH de las condiciones de extracción viscosity time
sobre el contenido de ácido In table 4 it is shown the results
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Variable pH
2,0 3,0
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70
60
50
40
30
%T
20
10
COO-R
0
COO-
-10
-20
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Número de onda (cm-1)
70
60
50
40
30
%T
20
COO-R
10
COO -
0
‐10
‐20
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
330
Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ). 2008, 25: 318-333
las bandas de 1650 y 1750 cm-1, res- of 85°C and a hydrolysis time of 60
pectivamente. La ausencia de un alar- minutes.
gamiento pronunciado en los grupos Pectin evaluated is classified as
carboxílicos esterificados (1750 cm-1) slow gelling according to methoxyl
ubica esta pectina como de bajo and anhydrous-uronic acid content.
metoxilo, lo cual corrobora los resul- Pectin obtained in this research
tados obtenidos en la determinación has competitive characteristics inside
del contenido de metoxilo (Monsoor et of its type for being guided to the
al., 2001). feeding industry.
Análisis sensorial de la mer-
melada con sabor a manzana
En el cuadro 5 se presenta el
End of english version
resultado del análisis sensorial de la
mermelada elaborada con la pectina
obtenida en el estudio. El análisis de man lo referido anteriormente sobre
varianza no detectó diferencias esta- las mejores propiedades gelificantes
dísticas para las variables color, cla- observadas con la pectina extraída a
ridad, aroma, sabor, dulzor, pH 3,0.
adhesividad y aceptabilidad, mientras
que para la firmeza la prueba de me- Conclusiones
dias por Tukey arrojó diferencias
(P<0,05), siendo mas firme la merme- Es posible obtener pectina con
lada preparada con la pectina obteni- buenas propiedades gelificantes a par-
da a pH 3,0. Estos resultados confir- tir de cáscara de plátano verde con un
Variable pH
2,0 3,0
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