Grupo de la zeolita

Marco Antonio Márquez G.

PhD Mineralogía
Facultad de Minas-UNALMED
INTRODUCCIÓN
• Familia de aluminosilicatos hidratados
altamente cristalinos  al deshidratarse
desarrollan, en el cristal ideal, una
estructura porosa con diámetros de poro
mínimos de 3 a 10 Å
• Estructura con cavidades ocupadas por
iones grandes y moléculas de agua con
gran libertad de movimiento  permiten
el intercambio iónico y la deshidratación
reversible
INTRODUCCIÓN

 Compuestas por Al, Si, Na, Ca, P, y

cantidades variables de agua en los
huecos del armazón
 Estructura cristalina basada una red
tridimensional con tetraedros SiO4 y AlO4
con sus cuatro oxígenos compartidos
LA COMPOSICIÓN QUIMICA DE
LAS ZEOLITAS
 Hay varias posibilidades para expresar la
composición de zeolitas  variedad sódica:
Nax(AlO2)x.(SiO2)192-x . zH2O
 En el que el número de Al, puede estar
entre 48<x<64
 Se usa la relación molecular SiO2/Al2O3 para
caracterizar la composición química de la
zeolita
USOS
 Agricultura  acondicionador y fertilizante de
suelos
 Nutrición de animales  da eficiencia en el
desarrollo del ganado haciendo decrecer el
agua amoniacal en el sistema digestivo (la
clinoptilolita)
 Acuacultura
 Catálisis y refinado del petróleo
 Gasificación del carbón
 Separación de gases
 Intercambio iónico
 Purificación del gas natural
ESTRUCTURA DE LAS ZEOLITAS
Structural Variations of Zeolites

 Tres variaciones en hábito:

 Agujas y similares
 Hojas

 Equant
Structural Variations of Zeolites

 There are chain-like

structures whose
minerals form needle-
like prismatic crystals,
i.e. Natrolite.
NATROLITA (Na2Al2Si3O10.2H2O)
Structural Variations of Zeolites

 Sheet-like structures
where the crystals are
flattened or tubular, i.e.
Heulandite.
Structural Variations of Zeolites

 Framework structures
where the crystals are
more equal in
dimensions, i.e.
Chabazite.
GRUPO DE LAS ZEOLITAS

Natrolita (Na2Al2Si3O10-2H2O)
Chabazita (CaAl2Si4O12-6H2O)
Heulandita (CaAl2Si7O18-6H2O)
Analcima (NaAlSi2O6·(H2O))
Estilbita (CaAl2Si7O18-7H2O)
Natrolita
 Chemical Formula: Na2[Al2Si3O10]·2(H2O)
 Composition:
Sodium     12.09 %  Na    16.30 % Na2O    
Aluminum   14.19 %  Al    26.82 % Al2O3    
Silicon    22.16 %  Si    47.41 % SiO2    
Hydrogen    1.06 %  H      9.48 % H2O    
Oxygen     50.49 %  O
100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Occurs in the cavities of amygdaloidal basalts
and other related rocks.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1803
 Locality: Bohemia of Czechoslovakia.
 Name Origin: From the Greek natron, "soda," in allusion to
sodium content and lithos - "stone."
 Synonym: Aedelite   Apoanalcite   Bergmannite   Mesotype
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [110] Perfect, [010] Imperfect
 Color: White, Colorless, Red, Yellowish white, Reddish white.
 Density: 2.25
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to translucent
 Fracture: Brittle - Generally displayed by glasses and most non-
metallic minerals.
 Habit: Acicular - Occurs as needle-like crystals.
 Habit: Nodular - Tuberose forms having irregular protuberances
over the surface.
 Habit: Prismatic - Crystals Shaped like Slender Prisms (e.g.
tourmaline).
 Hardness: 5.5-6 - Knife Blade-Orthoclase
 Luminescence: None.
 Luster: Vitreous - Silky
 Streak: white
Chabacita
 Chemical Formula: (Ca0.5,Na,K)4[Al4Si8O24]·12H2O
 Composition:
Potassium    0.75 %  K      0.91 % K2O    
Sodium       0.07 %  Na     0.09 % Na2O    
Strontium    0.25 %  Sr     0.30 % SrO    
Calcium      7.17 %  Ca    10.04 % CaO    
Magnesium    0.05 %  Mg     0.08 % MgO    
Aluminum    10.23 %  Al    19.33 % Al2O3    
Silicon     21.70 %  Si    46.43 % SiO2    
Hydrogen     2.55 %  H     22.82 % H2O    
Oxygen      57.22 %  O  
100.00 %        99.99 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Ca1.86Na0.03K0.2Mg0.02Sr0.03Al3.94Si8.03O24·13.16(H2O)
 Environment: Amygdaloidal cavities of basalt and related rocks. Renamed
chabazite-Ca by IMA zeolite committee.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1792
 Locality: Col de Lares, Val di Fassa, Italy.
 Name Origin: From Gk. chabazios, tune or melody, one of twenty stones named
in the poem Peri lithos, which extolled the virtues of minerals. The poem is
ascribed to Orpheus, legendary founder of the Orphic cult, which flourished in
 Synonym: Acadialite   Adipite   Chabazite
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [1011] Imperfect
 Color: Colorless, Green, Yellow, White, Pink.
 Density: 2.05 - 2.15, Average = 2.09
 Diaphaniety: Translucent to transparent
 Fracture: Brittle - Uneven - Very brittle fracture
producing uneven fragments.
 Habit: Druse - Crystal growth in a cavity which
results in numerous crystal tipped surfaces.
 Habit: Pseudo Cubic - Crystals show a cubic
outline.
 Hardness: 4 - Fluorite
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Heulandita
 Chemical Formula: (Ca,Na)2-3Al3(Al,Si)2Si13O36·12(H2O)
 Composition:
Potassium    0.60 %  K      0.72 % K2O    
Barium      0.29 %  Ba     0.33 % BaO    
Sodium       1.03 %  Na     1.38 % Na2O    
Strontium    0.16 %  Sr     0.18 % SrO    
Calcium      5.06 %  Ca     7.09 % CaO    
Magnesium    0.01 %  Mg     0.01 % MgO    
Aluminum     8.95 %  Al    16.91 % Al2O3    
Silicon     26.54 %  Si    56.78 % SiO2    
Hydrogen     1.86 %  H     16.59 % H2O    
Oxygen      55.51 %  O  
100.00 %        99.99 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Empirical Formula: Ca3.57Sr0.05Ba0.06Mg0.01Na1.26K0.43Al9.37Si26.7O72·26.02(H2O)
 Environment: Low temperature zeolite found in a wide variety of geologic environments:
volcanic rocks, metamorphic rocks, pegmatites, tuffs, and deep-sea sediments.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1822
 Locality: Glasgow, Strathclyde (Dumbartonshire), Scotland.
 Name Origin: Named after the English mineral collector, John Henry Heuland (1778-
1856), a British mineral collector and dealer. Ca modifier added by zeolite nomenclature
committee.
 Synonym: Beaumontite   Heulandite   Lamellar zeolite
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [010] Perfect
 Color: White, Reddish white, Grayish white, Brownish white,
Yellow.
 Density: 2.2
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to subtranslucent
 Fracture: Brittle - Generally displayed by glasses and most non-
metallic minerals.
 Habit: Crystalline - Coarse - Occurs as well-formed coarse sized
crystals.
 Habit: Tabular - Form dimensions are thin in one direction.
 Hardness: 3-3.5 - Calcite-Copper Penny
 Luster: Vitreous - Pearly
 Streak: white
Crystals of heulandite with a green color due to
chlorite inclusions
Pink heulandite crystals up to 15 mm in fibrous white
mordenite matrix
Analcima
 Chemical Formula: NaAlSi2O6·(H2O)
 Composition:
Sodium     10.44 %  Na    14.08 % Na2O    
Aluminum   12.26 %  Al    23.16 % Al2O3    
Silicon    25.51 %  Si    54.58 % SiO2    
Hydrogen    0.92 %  H      8.18 % H2O    
Oxygen     50.87 %  O
100.00 %       100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Occurs frequently in basalts and other basic
igneous rocks associated with other zeolites.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1801
 Locality: From near Catanes, Cyclopean Isles, Italy.
 Name Origin: From the Greek word meaning weak, referring to
a weak electrical charge developed on rubbing.
 Synonym: Analcidite   Analcite   Analzim   ICSD 2930   PDF 42-
1378
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [001] Indistinct, [010] Indistinct, [100] Indistinct
 Color: White, Grayish white, Greenish white, Yellowish white, Reddish
white.
 Density: 2.3
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to Subtransparent to translucent
 Fracture: Sub Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle materials
characterized by semi-curving surfaces. Habit: Euhedral Crystals -
Occurs as well-formed crystals showing good external form.
 Habit: Granular - Generally occurs as anhedral to subhedral crystals in
matrix.
 Habit: Massive - Uniformly indistinguishable crystals forming large
masses.
 Hardness: 5 - Apatite
 Luminescence: Fluorescent.
 Luster: Vitreous (Glassy)
 Streak: white
Estilbita
 Chemical Formula: NaCa4[Al8Si28O72]·n(H2O) (n=28-32)
 Composition:
Sodium      0.80 %  Na     1.08 % Na2O    
Calcium     5.57 %  Ca     7.79 % CaO    
Aluminum    7.50 %  Al    14.17 % Al2O3    
Silicon    27.32 %  Si    58.46 % SiO2    
Hydrogen    2.10 %  H     18.78 % H2O    
Oxygen     56.70 %  O
100.00 %       100.28 % = TOTAL OXIDE
 Environment: Amygdaloidal cavities in basalts and similar rocks.
Redefined from stilbite by IMA zeolite committee.
 IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1801
 Locality: Haüy mentioned occurrences in Iceland, Andreasberg in
Harz, Alpes Dauphinoises and Norway, but no clear type-locality.
 Name Origin: From the Greek stilbe - "luster" in allusion to the pearly to
vitreous luster. Ca modifier added by zeolite committee.
 Synonym: Aedelforsite   Bundle zeolite   Desmine   Stilbite
Propiedades Físicas
 Cleavage: [010] Perfect
 Color: White, Red, Yellow, Brown, Cream.
 Density: 2.1 - 2.2, Average = 2.15
 Diaphaniety: Transparent to Subtransparent to translucent
 Fracture: Brittle - Conchoidal - Very brittle fracture producing
small, conchoidal fragments.
 Habit: Fibrous - Crystals made up of fibers.
 Habit: Globular - Spherical, or nearly so, rounded forms (e.g.
wavellite).
 Habit: Wheat Sheaf - Bundle shaped aggregates resembling
wheat sheafs after hand reaping wheat.
 Hardness: 3.5-4 - Copper Penny-Fluorite
 Luster: Vitreous - Pearly
 Streak: white
Tabular, honey-colored stilbite (stilbite-Ca?) crystals on
matrix
Estilbita sobre chabacita