Light of Heaven Institute

Basic Cycle book

Unit 1 Pre-basic
Vocabulary (vocabiuleri) #1
What (uat) Que, Lo que

How (jau) Como, Cuan

Hello (jelou) Hola

Hi (jai) Hola (informal)

Name (neim) Nombre

To Thank (tu zenk) Agradecer

Good (gud) Bien, Bueno

Is (is) Es, Esta

Are (ar) Son, Estan, Eres, Estas

To meet (tu mit) Conocer, encontrarse con

Very (veri) Muy

Your (ior) Tu, Su

Fine (fain) Bien

And (en) Y

My (mai) Mi

Nice (nais) Bien, Lindo, Encantado, Gusto, Placer

Too (tu) Tambien

I (ai) Yo

Well (uel) Bien, Bueno

 Conversation (conversieichon) #1

A- Hello (jelou)

B- Hi, how are you (jai, jau ariu)

A- I am fine and you? (ai am fain eniu)

B- I’m very good thank you (am very gud zenkiu)

A- What’s your name? (wasior neim)

B- My name is Carlos Duncan and yours? (mai neimis Carlos

Duncan eniors)

A- My name is Luis Smith (mai neimis Luis smiz)

B- Nice to meet you (nais tu michiu)

A- Nice to meet you too (nais tu michiu tu)

 Topic I: Say my name

-Hello, my last name is James, I have no middle name and my

first name is Sophie, my full name is Sophie James and I am
happy to be here.

(jelou, mai last neimis yeims,

-Hi, my name is Peter and my last name is Duncan, my full

name is Peter Duncan and I am ready to learn English.

-Hi, my first name is Alberto, my middle name is Esteban and

my last name is Martinez, my full name is Alberto Esteban
Martinez.

-Hello, my name is Tommy. My middle name is Sebastian and

my last name is James, my full name is Tommy Sebastian
James and I am glad to be here.
 Vocabulary (vocabiuleri) #2
Where (juer) Donde, A donde

To live in (tu livin) Vivir en

To live on (tu livon) Vivir en

To do (tu du) Hacer

Address (adres) Direccion

Street (strit) Calle

Here (jiar) Aqui

Far (far) Lejos

From (from) De, Desde

At (at) En

Avenue (aveniu) Avenida

Can (ken) Puede, Puedo

Minute (minut) minute

To tell (tu tell) Decir

Walking (woking) Caminando

To get (tu get) Conseguir

To go to ( tu gou to) ir a

Near (niar) Cerca

House (jaus) Casa

Block (block) Bloques, Cuadras

Straight (strei) Derecho

Ahead (ajed) Adelante

How (jau) Como, Cuan

Conversation (conversieichon) #1
A- Hi

Topic II: Letters and sounds

The alphabet

A B C D E F G H I J
(ei) (bi) (ci) (di) (i) (ef) (yi) (eic (ai) (yei
h) )

K L M N O P Q R S T
(kei (el) (em) (en (ou) (pi) (qui (ar) (es (ti)
) ) ú) )
U V W X Y Z
(iú) (vi) (dóbli (ex (uai (zi)
u) ) )

The vowels

A E I O U
 (éi) (i) (ái) (óu) (iú)

Vowels sounds

A:

· Suena como el monoptongo (æ) en palabras como: cat, hat,

map.

· Suena como (ei) en palabras como: cake, name, date.

E:

· Suena como (e) en palabras como: bed, red, ten.

· Suena como (i) en palabras como: see, tree, me.

I:

· Suena como (i) en palabras como: hit, sit, fish.

· Suena como (ai) en palabras como: kite, fine, time.

O:

· Suena como (o) en palabras como: dog, hot, log.

· Suena como (ou) en palabras como: go, home, nose.

U:

· Suena como (a) en palabras como: cup, run, sun.

 · Suena como (iu) en palabras como: mule, use, cube.

The consonants

B C D F G H J K L M
(bi) (ci) (di) (ef) (yi) (eich (yei) (kei) (el) (em)
)
N P Q R S T V W X Y
(en) (pi) (quiú (ar) (es) (ti) (vi) (dóbli (ex) (uai)
) u)

Z
(zi)

Consonant sounds

C:
· Como (s) antes de (e,i,y) : city, center, cycle.

· Como (k) antes de (a,o,u) : cat, cold, cup.

G:
· Como (y) antes de (e,i,y): giant, giraffe, gym.

· Como (g) antes de (a,o,u): goat, garden, gum.

S:

· Como (s) en palabras como: snake, salt, sun.

· Similar a (z) en palabras como: has, rise, nose.

T:

· Como (t) en palabras como: top, ten, cat.

· Puede sonar como (r): water, butter, beautiful.

TH:

· Suena similar a (θ) o (z): think, thin, bath.

· Similar a (ð) o (d): this, that, brother.

R:

· Sonido fuerte: run, red, car

· La r puede no sonar en el acento britanico en palabras

terminadas en la misma: mother, brother, car.

X:

· Suena comúnmente como (ks): box, fix, mix.

· A principio de palabras suena como (z): xylophone,

xenon.

Diphthongs
AI:

· Suena como “ei” en palabras como: rain, train, pain.

AU:

· Suena como “o” en palabras como: august, autor, auto.

EA:

· Suena como “i” larga: meat, seat, team.

EI:

· Similar a (ei (en español)): eight, weight, veil.

IE:

· Suena como “ai”: pie, tie, lie.

OA:

· Suena similar a “oa” en oasis: boat, road, coat.

OU:

· Suena como “au”: out, house, about.

OW:

· Suena como “au” en palabras como: cow, now, how.

· Suena como “o”: snow.

OY:

· Suena como “oi”: boy, toy, joy.

UE:

· Suena como “u” en español pero más cerrada: blue,

true

Topic III: My first words

Word Pronunciation Meaning

Apple Ápol Manzana

Bone Bóun Hueso

Car car Coche, carro

Dice dáis Dado

Event ivént Evento

Friend frend Amigo

Great gréit Genial, grandioso

House jáus Casa

Indirect Índirect Indirecto

Juice júus Jugo

Know nóu Saber

Long lóng Largo

Moon múun Luna

New niú Nuevo

October octóber Octubre

Picture pícsher Cuadro, pintura

Quiet cuáiet Quieto

Rose róus Rosa

Save séiv Guardar

Talk tok Hablar

Unique iuniq Único

 Van van Camioneta

Word uórd Palabra

x-rays ex-ráis Rayos x

Zoo zú Zoológico

Unit II: The basics

Tulio: Hi, Phanny! How are you?

(¡Hola, Phanny! ¿Cómo estás?)

Phanny: Hi, Tulio! I’m good. How are you?

(¡Hola, Tulio! Estoy bien. ¿Y tú?)

Tulio: I’m good, too. What’s up?

(Yo también estoy bien. ¿Qué tal?)

Phanny: Not much. How is your work?

(No mucho. ¿Cómo va tu trabajo?)

Tulio: It’s good. Let’s talk later.

(Va bien. Hablemos más tarde.)

Phanny: Okay! See you later!

(¡Está bien! ¡Nos vemos más tarde!)

Tulio: Bye, Phanny!

(¡Adiós, Phanny!)

Topic I: Greetings
Formal Greetings
· Hello (jelou): hola

· Good morning (gud mórning): buenos días

· Good afternoon (gud afternun): buenas tardes

· How do you do? (jau du iú du): cómo estás?

· Nice to meet you (náis tu mit iú): mucho gusto

· How are you? (jáu ar iú): cómo está?

Informal Greetings

· Hi (jái): hola

· Hey (jéi): hola

· What is up? (uát is op): que tal?

· How is it going? (jáu is it gouing): cómo te va?

· Good to see you (gud tu si iú): me alegra verte

· Long time no see you (long táim no si iú): tanto tiempo sin
verte

Goodbyes
· Goodbye (gudbái): adiós

· Bye (bái): adiós

· See you later (si iú leirer): nos vemos luego

· Take care (téik quer): cuídate

· Have a nice day (jav e náis dei): que tenga buen día

· See you soon (si iú sun): nos vemos pronto

· See you tomorrow (si iú tumorrou): nos vemos mañana

Hello! My name is Tulio. I am 25 years old. I am from
Colombia. I live in a small town with my family. I have
one sister and one brother. I like to play soccer and
read books. My favorite color is blue. I work as a
teacher, and I love my job. Nice to meet you!

Topic II: Introducing me

Verb To be
I am

You are

He is

She is

It is

We are

You are

They are

Name (néim) : Age (eich): From (from):

nombre edad de (origen)
Live (liv): vivir Family (fámili): Sister (síster):
familia hermana

Brother Like (láik): Play (plei):

(bróder): gustar jugar
hermano

Read (ríd): leer City (síti): Favorite

ciudad (feivorit):
favorito

Color (cólor): Work (uork): Teacher

color trabajar (tícher):
profesor

Job (yob): Town (táun): Meet (mit):

trabajo pueblo conocer a
alguien

Small (esmol): Big (big): Country

pequeño grande (cóuntri): país
My family

Hi, my name is Dan. This is my family. My wife is Lisa. We

have two children, a son named Jake and a daughter named
Lily. My father is John, and my mother is Mary. My in-laws,
Robert and Susan, and my grandparents, James and Anne,
also live with us.

Our family values education and learning. Jake and Lily go to

school nearby, and they are both excellent students. Lisa
works as a nurse, and I am an engineer. We always support
our children to study hard and follow their dreams.
Education is very important to us.

Topic III: The family

§ Father (fáder) - Padre

§ Mother (móder) - Madre

§ Parents (pérents) - Padres

§ Brother (bróder) - Hermano

§ Sister (síster) - Hermana

§ Son (son) - Hijo

§ Daughter (dórer) - Hija

§ Grandfather (grandfáder) - Abuelo

§ Grandmother (grandmóder) - Abuela

§ Grandparents (grandpérents) - Abuelos

§ Uncle (óncol) - Tío

§ Aunt (ónt) - Tía

§ Cousin (cósin) - Primo/Prima

§ Nephew (néfiu) - Sobrino

§ Niece (nís) - Sobrina

§ Husband (jósband) - Esposo

§ Wife (uáif) - Esposa

§ Child (cháild) - Niño/a (Hijo/a)

§ Children (chíldren) - Niños/as (Hijos/as)

§ Grandson (grandson) - Nieto

§ Granddaughter (grandórer) - Nieta

§ Brother-in-law (bróder in ló) - Cuñado

§ Sister-in-law (sister in ló) - Cuñada

§ Father-in-law (fader in ló) - Suegro

 § Mother-in-law (móder in ló) – Suegra

Topic IV: The colors

§ Red (red) - Rojo § Blue (blu) - Azul

§ Yellow (ielou) - Amarillo § Green (grin) - Verde
§ Black (black) - Negro § White (uait) - Blanco
§ Orange (oranch) - Naranja § Purple (perpol) - Morado
§ Pink (pink) - Rosa § Brown (braun) - Marron
§ Gray/Grey (gréi) - Gris § Light Blue (lait blu) – Azul
Claro
§ Dark Blue (dark blu) – Azul § Violet (váiolet) - Violeta
Oscuro
§ Gold (gold) - Dorado § Silver (silver) - Plateado
§ Beige (beich) - Beige § Turquoise (túrcois) -
Turqueza
§ Magenta (magenta) - § Navy Blue (néivi blu) – Azul
Magenta Marino

The sky is blue.

I have a red shirt.

The sun is yellow.

My car is black.

The flower is purple.

The snow is white.

The ocean is dark blue.

My bag is brown.

The coin is gold.

The elephant is gray.

The grass is green.

The book is orange.

My shoes are pink.

The sky is light blue today.

The chair is brown.

The butterfly is violet.

The pencil is silver.

The house is beige.

The stone is gray.

The balloon is turquoise.

Topic V: Describing me

I am Jimmy

Hi, my name is Jimmy. I am 28 years old. I am 5 feet 10

inches tall and weigh about 160 pounds. I have brown hair
and green eyes. My build is average, and I have fair skin. I
am a friendly and outgoing person who loves meeting new
people.

I work as a graphic designer, and I really enjoy my job. I am

originally from Canada, and I speak English and a little
French. In my free time, I like playing guitar and singing. My
favorite color is blue, and I am passionate about
photography. I am always open to learning new skills and
exploring new interests.

§ Age (eish) - Edad

§ Height (jáit) - Altura

§ Weight (wéit) - Peso

§ Tall (toll) - Alto

§ Short (short) - Bajo

§ Fat (fat) - Gordo

§ Slim (slim) - Delgado

§ Average (áverech) - Promedio (en términos de peso o estatura)

§ Hair (jer) - Cabello

§ Eyes (áis) - Ojos

§ Build (bild) - Complexión

§ Skin (skin) - Piel

§ Appearance (apíriens) - Apariencia

§ Personality (personálity) - Personalidad

§ Friendly (frendli) - Amigable

§ Outgoing (autgóuing) - Extrovertido

§ Shy (shái) - Tímido

 § Character (cáracter) - Carácter

§ Hobby (jóbi) - Pasatiempo

§ Job (yab) - Trabajo

§ Occupation (okiupeishon) - Ocupación

§ Nationality (nashionaliti) - Nacionalidad

§ Education (eruqueishon) - Educación

§ Skills (skils) - Habilidades

§ Languages (lenguishes) - Idiomas

§ Favorite (feivorit) - Favorito/a

§ Talented (tálented) - Talentoso/a

§ Open (oupen) - Abierto (a nuevas experiencias)

§ Status (status) - Estado (general, para describir situación actual)

§ Interests (ínterests) - Intereses

Topic VI: Cardinal Numbers

0 – zero 11 – eleven 22 – twenty two

1 – one 12 – twelve 30 – thirty
2 – two 13 – thirteen 40 – forty
3 – three 14 – fourteen 50 – fifty
4 – four 15 – fifteen 60 – sixty
5 – five 16 – sixteen 70 – seventy
6 – six 17 – seventeen 80 – eighty
7 – seven 18 – eighteen 90 – ninety
8 – eight 19 – nineteen 100 – one hundred
9 – nine 20 – twenty 1000 – one thousand
10 – ten 21 – twenty one 1,000,000 – one million

Topic VII: Ordinal Numbers

1°- first 11°- eleventh 21°- twenty first

2°- second 12°- twelfth 30°- thirtieth
3°- third 13°- thirteenth 40°- fortieth
4°- fourth 14°- fourteenth 50°- fiftieth
5°- fifth 15°- fifteenth 60°- sixtieth
6°- sixth 16°- sixteenth 70°- seventieth
7°- seventh 17°- seventeenth 80°- eightieth
8°- eighth 18°- eighteenth 90°- ninetieth
9°- ninth 19°- nineteenth 100°- one
hundredth
10°- tenth 20° - twentieth 1000°- one
thousandth

Unit III: Growing my vocabulary

Topic I: Parts of the body

§ She has a head.

§ His eyes are blue.

§ My ears are sensitive.

§ She has a small nose.

§ He shows his teeth.

§ Your mouth is big.

§ I have a tattoo around my neck.

§ Her shoulders are broad.

§ His arms are strong.

§ She has delicate hands.

 § He plays the guitar with his fingers.

§ Her back hurts.

Head (jed) – cabeza

§ Eyes (áis) – ojos

§ Ears (iars) – oidos

§ Nose (nóus) – nariz

§ Mouth (máuf) – boca

§ Neck (neck) – cuello

§ Shoulders (shóuders) – hombros

§ Arms (arms) – brazos

§ Hands (jands) – manos

§ Fingers (fínguers) – dedos (de las manos)

§ Chest (chest) – pecho

§ Stomach (estomac) – estómago

§ Back (back) - espalda

§ Legs (legs) – piernas

 § Knees (niis) – rodillas

§ Feet (fit) – pies

§ Toes (tóus) – dedos (de los pies)

Topic II: Illnesses and injuries

§ Cut (cot) - Corte

§ Bruise (brus) - Moretón

§ Sprain - Esguince

§ Fracture - Fractura

§ Burn - Quemadura

§ Wound - Herida

§ Injury - Lesión
§ Dislocation - Dislocación

§ Scrape - Rasguño

§ Swelling - Hinchazón

§ Cold (cóuld) - Resfriado

§ Flu (flu) - Gripe

§ Cough (cof) - Tos

§ Fever (fíver) - Fiebre

§ Headache (hédeiq) - Dolor de cabeza

§ Stomachache (estomakeic) - Dolor de estómago

§ Sore Throat (sor tróut) - Dolor de garganta

§ Runny Nose (roni nóus) - Nariz congestionada

§ Nausea (nóshea) - Náuseas

§ Vomiting (vómitin) - Vómito

§ Diarrhea (daiarria) - Diarrea

§ Chills (chills) - Escalofríos

§ Muscle Pain (móscol pein) - Dolor muscular

 § Fatigue (fatíg) - Fatiga

§ Allergy (áleryi) - Alergia

§ Sinus Infection (sainus infecshon) - Infección de los senos nasales

§ Rash (rash) - Erupción cutánea

§ Back Pain (back pein) - Dolor de espalda

§ High Blood Pressure (hait blod preshur) - Hipertensión

§ Diabetes (daiabetes) - Diabetes

Illnesses: Injuries:

§ I have a cold and a runny nose.

 § His cough is getting worse.

§ He has chills and feels cold even with a blanket.

§ She has a cut on her finger from the knife.

§ He has a fracture in his leg from the fall.

Topic III: Food and Drinks

Food:

Verb to eat
I eat

You eat
He, she, it eats

We, you, they eat

§ Bread (bred) - Pan

§ Butter (borer) - Mantequilla

§ Cheese (chis) - Queso

§ Eggs (eggs) - Huevos

§ Fruit (frut) - Fruta

I eat pasta

You eat ice cream

He eats cookies

She eats cake

It eats meat

We eat sandwiches

You eat fruits

They eat fishes

Vegetables (veshtabols) - Verduras

 § Meat (mit) - Carne

§ Chicken (chicken) - Pollo

§ Fish (fish) - Pescado

§ Rice (ráis) - Arroz

§ Pasta (pasta) - Pasta

§ Soup (sup) - Sopa

§ Salad (sáled) - Ensalada

§ Potatoes (poteiros) - Papas

§ Beans (bins) - Frijoles

Breakfast (breikfast) – desayuno

Lunch (lonch) – almuerzo

Snack (snack) – merienda

Dessert (disert) – postre

Dinner (diner) – cena

Yogurt (yogurt) - Yogur

§ Cake (queik) - Pastel

§ Cookies (cuquies) - Galletas

 § Ice Cream (ais crim) - Helado

§ Sandwich (sándwich) - Sándwich

Drinks:

Verb to drink
I drink

You drink

He drinks

She drinks

It drinks

We drink

You drink

They drink
Water (uorer) - Agua

§ Juice (jiús) - Jugo

§ Milk - Leche

§ Tea (tí) - Té

§ Coffee (cofi) - Café

§ Soda (sóuda) - Refresco

§ Wine (uain) - Vino

§ Beer (bíer) - Cerveza

§ Lemonade (lémoneid) - Limónada

§ Hot Chocolate (jot choclet) - Chocolate caliente

Fruits:

§ Apple (apol) – manzana § Pear (per) – pera

§ Banana (banana) – banana § Cherry (cherry) – cereza
§ Orange (orench) – naranja § Plum (plum) – ciruela
§ Grapes (gréips) – uvas § Kiwi (kiwi) – kiwi
 § Strawberry (estróberry) – § Apricot (apricat) –
fresa albaricoque
§ Blueberry (bluberry) – § Papaya (papaya) – papaya
arándano
§ Pineapple (painapol) – piña § Lemon (lémon) – limon
§ Watermelon (uórermelon) – § Lime (láim) – lima
sandía
§ Mango (mangou) - mango § Raspberry (raspberry) –
frambuesa
§ Peach (pich) – Durazno § Coconut (cóconat) – coco

Vegetables:

§ Carrot (querot) – zanahoria § Cauliflower (coliflauer) –

coliflor
§ Potato (poteiro) – papa § Beans (bins) – judías
§ Tomato (tomeiro) – tomate § Corn (corn) – maíz
§ Broccoli (brocoli) – broccoli § Mushroom (mushrom) –
champiñon
§ Spinach (spinac) – espinaca § Zucchini (zuquini) –
zucchini
§ Onion (onion) – cebolla § Beetroot (bitrut) –
remolacha
§ Garlic (gárlic) – ajo § Celery (celeri) – apio
§ Pepper (peper) – pimiento § Cabbage (cabech) – col
 § Cucumber (cocumber) – § Artichoke (artichouk) –
pepino alcachofa
§ Lettuce (léres) – lechuga § Radish (radish) – rábano

Topic IV: Clothes

Verb to wear
I wear

You wear

He wears

She wears

It wears

We wear

You wear

They wear

Shirt (shert) - Camisa Boots (buts) - Botas

T-shirt (tishert) - Socks (soks) - Calcetines
Camiseta
Pants (pants) - Hat (jat) - Sombrero
Pantalones
Jeans (jins) - Vaqueros Cap (cap) - Gorra
Skirt (skert) - Falda Gloves (glóvs) - Guantes
Dress (dress) - Vestido Scarf (scarf) - Bufanda
Jacket (yaquet) - Belt (belt) - Cinturón
Chaqueta
Coat (cóut) - Abrigo Shorts (shorts) -
Pantalones cortos
Sweater (suérer) - Underwear (ander-uer) -
Suéter Ropa interior
Shoes (shus) - Zapatos Tie (tái) - Corbata

Blouse (blus) - Blusa Swimsuit (suimsut) - Traje de

baño
Suit (sut) - Traje Overalls (óverols) - Overol /
Peto
Hoodie (judi) - Sudadera con High heels (haig jils) - Tacones
capucha altos
Tank top (tank top) - Camiseta Ring (ring) - Anillo
sin mangas

Topic V: Hobbies and activities

My Hobbies and Activities

Hi, I’m Raymond. In my free time, I enjoy several hobbies and activities. I love
reading books, especially mysteries and science fiction. Writing is another
passion of mine; I often write short stories. On weekends, I like to go cycling
around the city and go hiking in the nearby hills. Cooking is also something I
enjoy, and I often try new recipes. Finally, I’m a big fan of playing music; I
play the guitar and sometimes sing along with my friends.

Hello, I’m Misha. I have many hobbies that I enjoy. I love drawing and
painting; I often spend my afternoons creating art. Gardening is another
activity I find relaxing; I like to grow flowers and vegetables in my garden. I
also enjoy dancing and take classes every week. When I have some quiet
time, I like to read novels, especially romance and adventure stories. Lastly, I
love baking; making cakes and cookies is one of my favorite things to do.

Reading (riding) - Leer

§ Writing (ráiring) - Escribir

§ Drawing (dráuing) - Dibujar

§ Painting (péinting) - Pintar

§ Cooking (cúking) - Cocinar

§ Baking (béiking) - Hornear

§ Gardening (gárdening) - Jardinería

§ Dancing (déncing) - Bailar

§ Singing (singuing) - Cantar

§ Playing music (pley miusic) - Tocar música

§ Playing sports (pley esports) - Practicar deportes

 § Running (róning) - Correr

§ Swimming (suíming) - Nadar

§ Cycling (sáicling) - Montar en bicicleta

§ Hiking (jáiking) - Hacer senderismo

§ Fishing (fishing) - Pescar

§ Photography (fotografi) - Fotografía

§ Traveling (tráveling) - Viajar

§ Camping (camping) - Acampar

§ Watching movies (uotching muvis) - Ver películas

Verb to travel
I travel

You travel

He travels

She travels

It travels

We travel

They travel
Verb to go
I go

You go

He goes

She goes

It goes

We go

They go

A Day in the City

Yesterday, I had a busy day in the city. In the morning, I went to the
library to return some books and study for a while. After that, I met
a friend at a café for a cup of coffee. We decided to go for a walk in
the park since the weather was nice. Later, we visited a museum to
see an art exhibition. By lunchtime, we were hungry, so we ate at a
nearby restaurant. In the afternoon, I went to the supermarket to
buy some groceries. Before heading home, I stopped at the post
office to send a letter. It was a long day, but I enjoyed visiting so
many different places.

Topic VI: The Places

§ School (escul) – § Mall (mol) - Centro
Escuela comercial
 § Library (láibrery) § Bank - Banco
– Biblioteca

§ Park - Parque § Post Office (post ófis) -

Oficina de correos

§ Museum § Airport (erport) -

(musheum) – Aeropuerto
Museo

§ Hospital (jospiral) § Train Station (trein

– Hospital steishon) - Estación de
tren
§ Restaurant – § Bus Stop (bos stap) -
Restaurante Parada de autobús

§ Café - Cafetería § Cinema - Cine

§ Supermarket – § Theater (tirer) - Teatro
Supermercado

§ Hotel (jóurel) - § Zoo (zu) - Zoológico

Hotel
§ Beach (bish) – § Stadium (estédium) -
Playa Estadio

Topic VII: The weather

It is sunny It looks like It is very
today. - Hoy rain. - cloudy this
está Parece que morning. -
soleado. va a llover. Está muy
nublado
esta
mañana.

There is a It is really It is snowing

storm windy heavily. -
coming. - Se outside. - Está
avecina una Hace mucho nevando
tormenta. viento intensament
afuera. e.

The It is hot and It is a dry

weather is humid. - and cool
foggy today. Hace calor y day. - Es un
- El clima está día seco y
está con húmedo. fresco.
niebla hoy.
The The ground It is a warm
temperatur is icy. - El afternoon. -
e is mild. - suelo está Es una tarde
La helado. templada.
temperatura
es suave.

It is cold The weather It is going to

outside. - is be a
Hace frío unpredictabl beautiful
afuera. e. - El clima day. - Va a
es ser un día
impredecible hermoso.
.

§ Sunny (soni) - Soleado

§ Cloudy (claudi) - Nublado

§ Rainy (reini) - Lluvioso

§ Stormy (estormy) - Tormentoso

§ Windy (uindi) - Ventoso

§ Snowy (esnoui) - Nevado

§ Foggy (fogui) - Con niebla

§ Humid (jiumid) - Húmedo

 § Dry (drái) - Seco

§ Cold (cóuld) - Frío

§ Hot (jot) - Caluroso

§ Warm (uarm) - Templado

§ Cool (cul) - Fresco

§ Icy (aisi) - Helado

§ Mild (máild) – Suave

A Day of Changing Weather

Yesterday was a day of changing weather. In the morning, it was
sunny and warm, so I decided to go for a walk in the park. But by
noon, the sky became cloudy, and it started to get windy. In the
afternoon, the weather turned rainy, and it was raining cats and
dogs. I had to run home to avoid getting soaked. Later in the
evening, it was foggy and cold, making it hard to see anything
outside. It was a day full of surprises, with the weather changing so
quickly.
Topic VIII: The Time

§ Hour - Hora § Night - Noche (tarde)

§ Minute - Minuto § Midnight - Medianoche
§ Second - Segundo § Noon - Mediodía
§ Day - Día § Dawn - Amanecer
§ Week - Semana § Dusk - Anochecer
§ Month - Mes § Evening - Noche (temprana)
§ Year - Año § Afternoon - Tarde
§ Morning - Mañana § Milliseconds - Milisegundos

What time is It's half past

it? - ¿Qué three. - Son
hora es? las tres y
media
It's quarter to I’ll be there
six. - Son las in a minute. -
seis menos Estaré allí en
cuarto. un minuto.

Time flies. - El It’s about

tiempo vuela. time! - ¡Ya
era hora!

I’m running Take your

 out of time. - time. -
Me estoy Tómate tu
quedando sin tiempo.
tiempo.

In the blink of Around the

an eye. - En clock. - Las
un abrir y 24 horas del
cerrar de ojos. día.

A Busy Day

Yesterday was a very busy day for me. I woke up early in the
morning at six o'clock and got ready for work. By seven-thirty, I
was out the door and on my way to the office. The morning flew
by, and before I knew it, it was noon. I had a quick lunch and then
continued working until five o'clock in the afternoon. After work, I
met a friend for coffee. We talked for about an hour before I
headed home. In the evening, I relaxed by watching a movie, and
by midnight, I was already in bed. Time went by so fast!

Today, I decided to take it easy. I slept in until nine o'clock in the

morning and enjoyed a slow afternoon reading my favorite book.
By dusk, I went for a short walk to clear my mind, and now I’m
getting ready for another quiet evening. It’s nice to have a calm day
after such a busy one.
 Topic IX: Transportation

Car (car) - Coche / Automóvil Airplane (erplein) - Avión

Bus (bos) - Autobús Boat (bóut) - Barco
Train (trein) - Tren Ferry - Ferry / Transbordador
Bicycle (báisicol) - Bicicleta Helicopter - Helicóptero
Motorcycle (mororsaicol) - Scooter (escúrer) - Patinete / Scooter
Motocicleta
Taxi - Taxi Ship - Nave / Barco grande
Subway (sobbuei) - Metro Truck (trock) - Camión
Tram - Tranvía Van - Furgoneta
Skateboard (esquéitbor) - Rollerblades (rólerbleids) - Patines en
Monopatín línea
Cable car (queibol car) - TeleféricoHot air balloon (jot er balun) - Globo
aerostático

Martha: Hi Kevin, how are you today?

Kevin: Hi Martha! I’m good, thanks. I’m planning a trip this

weekend. How about you?

Martha: That sounds exciting! I’m also planning a trip. What kind of
transportation will you use?

Kevin: I’m thinking about taking the train to the city. It’s
comfortable and easy. What about you?

Martha: I’ll probably use my bicycle to get to the park. It’s a nice
day for a ride.
Kevin: That’s a great idea! I haven’t ridden my bicycle in ages.

Martha: You should join me! We can ride to the park and then grab
a coffee at a café nearby.

Kevin: Sounds fun! But if it rains, I might have to take the bus
instead.

Martha: Good plan. Just in case, I’ll check the weather. I hope it
stays sunny.

Kevin: Me too. If the weather is good, we can also use my scooter

for a bit of fun around the park.

Martha: Perfect! And if we decide to go farther, we could even rent

a car for the day.

Kevin: Great idea. I’ll look into car rentals as a backup.

Martha: Sounds like a plan! Let’s stay in touch about the details.

Kevin: Definitely! See you soon, Martha.

Martha: See you, Kevin!

Hi, I’m Max. I am a plumber. I fix and install pipes and faucets. My
job is to make sure water flows correctly in homes and buildings.
Every day, I fix leaks and put in new pipes. I use tools like wrenches
and screwdrivers. Sometimes, the work is hard, but I like helping
people with their plumbing problems. It feels good to see the job
done well.
Hi, I’m Thammy. I am a nurse. I help take care of patients in the
hospital. My job is to check patients' temperature, blood pressure,
and pulse. I also give medicine and help doctors with treatments.
Every day, I talk to patients and make sure they are comfortable. I
use tools like stethoscopes and thermometers. The work can be
busy, but I like helping people feel better. It is a good feeling to see
patients improve.

Hi, I’m Jake. I am a firefighter. I put out fires and help people in
emergencies. I use tools like hoses and wear special gear to stay
safe.

§ Teacher (tísher) - Maestro / Profesor

§ Doctor (doctor) - Doctor / Médico

§ Nurse (ners) - Enfermera

§ Engineer (ényinier) - Ingeniero

§ Artist (artist) - Artista

§ Chef (chef) - Chef / Cocinero

§ Driver (dráiver) - Conductor

§ Police Officer (polís ofiser) - Oficial de policía

§ Firefighter (fáierfairer) - Bombero

§ Dentist (dentist) - Dentista

 § Plumber (plomber) - Fontanero

§ Electrician (electrishian) - Electricista

§ Architect (arquitect) - Arquitecto

§ Journalist (jornalist) - Periodista

§ Waiter / Waitress (ueyrer / ueytres) - Camarero / Camarera

§ Mechanic (mecánic) - Mecánico

§ Photographer (fotógrafer) - Fotógrafo

§ Scientist (sáientist) - Científico

§ Secretary (secretary) - Secretaria

§ Farmer (farmer) - Granjero

Topic X: Ocupations
Topic XI: Emotions and feelings

§ I feel happy today. - Me siento feliz hoy.

§ She is sad because it rained. - Ella está triste porque llovió.

§ He gets angry when he loses a game. - Se enoja cuando pierde

un juego.

§ They are excited about the vacation. - Ellos están

emocionados por las vacaciones.

§ I am nervous about the test. - Estoy nervioso por el examen.

§ She feels tired after the long walk. - Ella se siente cansada
después de la larga caminata.

§ He is bored during the movie. - Él está aburrido durante la

película.

§ We were surprised by the birthday party. - Nos sorprendió la

fiesta de cumpleaños.

§ She gets scared during scary movies. - Ella se asusta durante

las películas de terror.

§ I feel relaxed after the massage. - Me siento relajado después

del masaje.

§ Happy (japi) - Feliz

§ Sad (sad) - Triste

§ Angry (engri) - Enojado

§ Excited (exaired) - Emocionado

§ Nervous (nervios) - Nervioso

§ Tired (táierd) - Cansado

§ Bored (bored) - Aburrido

§ Surprised (sorpraist) - Sorprendido

 § Scared (esquerd) – Asustado

§ Calm (cam) - Tranquilo

§ Confident (confident) - Seguro

§ Shy (shái) - Tímido

§ Lonely (lonli) - Solitario

§ Proud (práud) - Orgulloso

§ Embarrassed (emberrest) - Avergonzado

§ Relaxed (rilaxst) - Relajado

§ Frustrated (frostreired) - Frustrado

§ Happy (japi) - Alegre

§ Jealous (yelos) - Celoso

§ Grateful (greitful) – Agradecido

Unit 4. Basic Grammar

Topic I. Articles

(A, AN)

El articulo a,an se utiliza de forma indefinida para indicar que hay o

existe algo, por ejemplo:

A dog (e dog) – un perro

Se utiliza a ó an dependiendo de si la palabra que sigue empieza con

un sonido consonante o vocal. Por ejemplo:

A bike (e báik) – una bicicleta

An apple (en ápol) – una manzana

En caso de que la palabra que sigue empiece con h depende de si el

sonido es vocal o consonántico:

A house (e jáus) – una casa

An hour (en áuer) – una hora

El caso university. Aunque empiece con una vocal el sonido en la

palabra es consonántico, por eso:

A university (e jiuniversity) – una universidad

An umbrella (en ambrela) – una sombrilla

(The)

El articulo the es un artículo definido, por lo cual lo utilizamos

cuando conocemos a lo que hacemos referencia. Este funciona tanto

para plural, acá unos cuantos ejemplos:

The river (de ríver) – el río

The rivers (de rívers) – los ríos

The cambia su pronunciación dependiendo de si la palabra que le

sigue empieza con un sonido consonántico o vocal:

The ocean (di óushean) – el océano

 The sea (de sí) – el mar

No se usa the cuando hablamos de sustantivos generales como, por

ejemplo:

Cats are cute (cats ar kiút) – los gatos son lindos

People are crazy (pípol ar creisi) – la gente está loca

Topic II. Pronouns

En el idioma ingles al igual que en el idioma español tenemos un

conjunto de pronombres los cuales son:

Personal pronouns

§ I do my homework (ai du mai jomuork) – hago mi tarea

 § You go to the beach (iú gou tu de bish) – vas a la playa

§ He has a car (ji jas e car) – él tiene un carro

§ She goes shopping (shi gous shoping) – ella va de compras

§ It is good (it is gud) – eso es/está bueno

§ We are the champions (uí ar de champions) – somos los

campeones

§ You are far (iú ar far) – ustedes estan lejos

§ They have many computers (dei jaf meni compiurers) – ellos

tienen muchas computadoras

Los pronombres personales nos sirven para identificar quien hace la

acción en la oración, aquí un listado con los mismos y varios
ejemplos:
I (ái) Yo

You (iú) Tu

He (ji) El
She (shi) Ella

It (it) Ello, Eso

We (uí) Nosotros/

as

You (iú) Ustedes

They (déi) Ellos/as

Possessive Pronouns

§ The book is mine (de buk is máin) – el libro es mio.

§ The phone is yours (de fon is iours) – el telefono es tuyo.

§ The shirt is his (de shert is jis) – la camisa es de el.

§ The bike is hers (de báik is jers) – la bicicleta es de ella.

§ The books are ours (de buks ar áuars) – los libros son nuestros.

§ The pencils are theirs (de pensils ar deirs) – los lápices son de
ellos.
Los pronombres posesivos se utilizan para indicar valga la
redundancia la pertenencia de algo en la oración. A continuación, se
muestra la lista de pronombres posesivos y algunos ejemplos:
Mine Mio

(máin)

Yours Tuyo

(iours)

His (jis) De el

Hers (jers) De ella

Its (its) De

eso/ello

Ours Nuestro

(áuars)

Yours Suyo

(iours)

Theirs De ellos

(deirs)

This and That

This y that son pronombres demostrativos (también adjetivos) los

cuales nos permiten valga la redundancia mostrar o enfatizar en algo

dependiendo de si está cerca o lejos.

Utilizamos this cuando eso se encuentra cerca:

This is my cat (dis is mái cat) – este es mi gato

Utilizamos that cuando eso se encuentra lejos:

That is my car (dat is mái car) – ese es mi carro

Para sus plurales:

These are my cats (dis ar mái cats) – esos son mis gatos

Those are my cars (dóus ar mái cars) – esos son mis carros

Normal Contraction

I am I´m (am)

You are You´re (iuer)

He is He´s (jis)

She is She´s (shis)

It is It´s (itz)
 We are We´re (uíer)

They are They´re

(déier)

· Do not – don´t

· Are not – aren´t

Topic III: Contractions

§ I´ve an expensive car (áif en expensiv car) – tengo un carro

caro

§ You´ve a red shirt (iúf e red shert) – tienes una camisa roja

§ I´m here (am jíer) – estoy aquí

§ You´re sick (iúer sik) – estás enfermo/a

§ It´s raining (itz reining) – está lloviendo.

Normal Contraction

I have I´ve (áif)

You have You´ve (iúf)

He has He´s (jis)

She has She´s (shis)

It has It´s (itz)

We have We´ve (uíf)

They have They´ve (déif)

Topic IV: Prepositions

At home – en casa

In the morning – por la mañana

On time – a tiempo

By car – en coche

For example – por ejemplo

From Monday to Friday – de lunes a viernes

Under the bed – debajo de la cama

Over the moon – muy contento (expresión idiomática)

Between two friends – entre dos amigos

In front of the door – frente a la puerta

Next to me – al lado de mí

With a smile – con una sonrisa

Out of the box – fuera de la caja

On the table – sobre la mesa

In the park – en el parque

In (in) – en, dentro de

§ On (on) – sobre, en

§ At (at) – en (para lugares específicos)

§ By (bái) – por, al lado de

§ With (uiz) – con

§ For (for) – para, por

§ Of (of) – de

§ To (tu) – hacia, a

§ From (from) – de, desde

 § Under (onder) – debajo de

§ Over (óuver) – sobre, por encima de

§ Between (bituín) – entre (dos cosas)

§ Among (among) – entre (más de dos cosas)

§ Behind (bijáind) – detrás de

§ In front of (in front of) – delante de

§ Next to (next tu) – al lado de

§ Inside (insáid) – dentro de

§ Outside (autsáid) – fuera de

§ Up (op) – arriba

§ Down (dáun) – abajo

Topic V: Adjectives
Color
Red (red) – rojo

Blue (blú) – azul

Green (grin) – verde

Black (black) – negro

White (uáit) - blanco

Velocity
Fast (fast) – rápido

Slow (esló) – lento

Quick (cuík) – veloz

Rapid (rápid) – rápido

Sluggish (slóguish) – lento

Size
Big (big) – grande

Small (smol) – pequeño

Tall (tol) – alto

Short (short) – bajo

Tiny (táini) - diminuto

Temperature
Hot (jat) – caliente

Cold (cóuld) – frío

Warm (uárm) – tibio

Cool (cul) – fresco

Freezing (frísing) – helado

Los adjetivos se utilizan para describir las características de un

sustantivo o sujeto en una oración, estos son algunos adjetivos
ordenados por categoría:

Quality
Good (gud) – bueno

Bad (bad) – malo

Beautiful (biúrifol) – hermoso

Ugly (ógli) – feo

Clean (clin) – limpio

Price
Expensive (expensiv) – caro

Cheap (chip) – barato

Affordable (aforabol) – asequible

Costly (cóstly) – costoso

Valuable (valiúabol) – valioso

Forms
Round (ráund) – redondo

Square (escuér) – cuadrado

Flat (flat) – plano

Oval (óuval) – ovalado

Rectangular (rectángiular) – rectangular

Age
Young (ióng) – joven

Old (óuld) – viejo

New (niú) – nuevo

Ancient (enshient) – antiguo

Modern (módern) - moderno

Quantity
Few (fiú) – pocos

Many (méni) – muchos

Several (séverol) – varios

Some (sóm) – algunos

Two (tu) – dos

Topic VI: WH-questions

Verb to ask
I ask

You ask

He asks

She asks

It asks
We ask

You ask

They ask

§ Who? (ju) – quién?

§ What? (uat) – qué?

§ Where? (uerr) – dónde?

§ When? (uen) – cuándo?

§ Why? (uái) – por qué?

§ Because (bicós) – porque

§ How? (jáu) – cómo?

Patrick: Hi Leo! What do you do this weekend?

Leo: Hi Patrick! I go to the park. What about you?

Patrick: I visit my grandparents. Where do you go to the park?

Leo: I go to the park near my house. When do you visit your

grandparents?

Patrick: I visit them on Saturday morning. Why do you go to the

park?

Leo: I go to have a picnic and play some soccer. How do you spend

your weekends?

Patrick: I like to relax at home and sometimes go for a hike. That

sounds like a lot of fun!

Topic VII. Adverbs

Time Adverbs
Now (náu) – ahora

Later (léirer) – más tarde

Yesterday (iésterdei) – ayer

Soon (sun) – pronto

Always (ólweis) – siempre

Los adverbios nos permiten modificar o brindar más información

sobre un verbo, adjetivo u otro adverbio, estos generalmente
responden a preguntas como las WH-questions. He aquí una lista
ordena por categorías:

Frequency Adverbs
Often (ófen) – a menudo

Sometimes (somtáims) – a veces

Never (néver) – nunca

Rarely (rerly) – raramente

Usually (iúsuali) – generalmente

Place Adverbs
Here (jír) – aquí

There (der) – ahí

Everywhere (evriuer) – en todas partes

Nowhere (náujir) – en ningún lugar

Upstairs (opsters) – arriba

Mode Adverbs
Quickly (cuíkly) – rápidamente

Slowly (slóuli) – lentamente

Carefully (querfuli) – cuidadosamente

Well (uel) – bien

Easily (íseli) – facilmente

Grade Adverbs
Very (véri) – muy

Too (tu) – demasiado

Quite (cuáit) – bastante

Almost (ólmost) – casi

Absolutely (absolutly) – absolutamente

Topic VIII. Regular Verbs

En el inglés los verbos regulares son aquellos que al cambiar a su

forma en tiempo pasado mantienen una forma fija (estas formas las
veremos en el tema del pasado simple).

El siguiente es un listado de verbos regulares conjugados:

To talk
I talk

You talk

He, She, It talks

We, You, They talk

To clean
I clean

You clean

He, She, It cleans

We, You, They clean

To cook
I cook

You cook

He, She, It cooks

We, You, They cook

To listen
I listen

You listen

He, She, It listens

We, You, They listen

To start
I start

You start

He, She, It starts

We, You, They start

To watch
I watch
You watch

He, She, It watches

We, You, They watch

To visit
I visit

You visit

He, She, It visits

We, You, They visit

To work
I work

You work

He, She, It works

We, You, They work

To play
I play

You play
He, She, It plays

We, You, They play

Topic IX. Gramatical forms

En ingles tambien tenemos formas gramaticales para preguntar,

afirmar o negar, en este tópico abordaremos cada una de ellas.

Affirmative form
La forma afirmativa nos ayuda a dar algo por sentado, su estructura
es la siguiente:

Sujeto + verbo

Por ejemplo:

I go to the beach

Negative form
La forma negativa nos permite negar valga la redundancia algún
planteamiento, la negación puede tener tanto do not (don´t) como
not. Su estructura es la siguiente:

Sujeto + neg + verbo ó Sujeto + verbo + neg

Por ejemplo:

I don´t go to the beach

I am not

Interrogative form
La forma interrogativa nos permite poder cuestionar algún
planteamiento, esta modifica por completo la estructura de la
oración (en esta también a veces se usa do como auxiliar). Su
estructura es la siguiente:

Verbo + sujeto ó aux + sujeto +verbo

Por ejemplo:

Are you well?

Do you sing?

Conclusion
Para concluir también debemos saber que todas estas formas
gramaticales pueden combinarse.

Topic IX. Simple Present

El presente simple se utiliza para denotar una acción que se hace (no
que se está haciendo). Este es el tiempo gramatical más básico y el
cual hemos estado utilizando desde el día uno.

El presente simple se puede combinar con las formas gramaticales

que vimos anteriormente. A continuación, se muestran varios
ejemplos de uso del presente simple:
Affirmative form
I play football (ai plei futbol) – yo juego futbol

You like pizza (iú láik pizza) – te gusta la pizza

He reads books (ji rids buks) – el lee libros

She drinks water (shi drinks uorer) – ella bebe agua

Interrogative form
do I play football? (du ai plei futbol) – yo juego futbol?

do you like pizza (du iú láik pizza) – te gusta la pizza?

does he read books? (dos ji rid buks) – el lee libros?

does she drink water? (dos shi drink uorer) – ella bebe agua?

Negative form
I don´t play football (ai dont plei futbol) – yo no juego futbol

You don´t like pizza (iú dont láik pizza) – no te gusta la pizza

He doesn´t reads books (ji dósent rids buks) – el no lee libros

She doesn´t drinks water (shi dósent drinks uorer) – ella no bebe
agua

Topic X. Irregular Verbs

Los verbos irregulares son aquellos los cuales cuando hablamos en

pasado su forma cambia totalmente (no mantienen una forma fija),
en este tema aún no los veremos en pasado, simplemente listaremos
los verbos irregulares más comunes.

Verb to Go

I Go

You Go

He, she, it Goes

We, you, they Go

Verb to see

I see

You see

He, she, it sees

We, you, they see

Verb to take

I take
You take

He, she, it takes

We, you, they take

Verb to give

I give

You give

He, she, it gives

We, you, they give

Verb to come

I come

You come

He, she, it comes

We, you, they come

Verb to know

I know

You know

He, she, it knows

We, you, they know

Topic XI. Simple Past

Afirmative Form
 I went to the park (ai uent tu de park): yo fuí al parque

You saw a movie (iú so e muvi): tu viste una pelicula

He took the bus to school (ji tuk de bus tu escul): el tomó el

autobus hacia la escuela

She gave me a book (shi gueif mi e buk): ella me dió un libro

It came in the mail this morning (it quéim in de méil dis morning):
eso vino en el correo esta mañana.

El pasado simple lo utilizamos para expresar algo que se hizo o ya

pasó. Este también lo podemos combinar con las formas
gramaticales que ya hemos visto, por ejemplo: