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Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas

Matemáticas para Videojuegos I


Diego Garza Meléndez
Matrícula: 2007283
Grupo: 010
TOMASA GAYTAN BARRAZA

Semestre Enero-Junio (2022)


Laboratorio 1
Identidades trigonométricas. Teoremas Seno y Coseno
Demostrar las siguientes igualdades trigonométricas por similitud con alguna de las once fórmulas

1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
1
1 +𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥=1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
2 2
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥=1

1 1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
+1=𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥+1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 1
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
= 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 1 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
− 1 + = +1= +1
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
1 1
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
− 1 + 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = cos1 𝑥 cos1 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
= 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1 1
2 −1+1 =
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥

𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠12𝑥 2
1
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 11 =1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠12𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
1 1 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠1 =1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥=1
NO HAY
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1

cos 𝑥 1 cos 𝑥
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
= cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥 1 cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
1
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 1
1 cos 𝑥 = sen 𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥2
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 + 1
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = sen 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥2
cos 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 + 1

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
sen 𝑥
= sen 𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 2
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ cos 𝑥1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 + 1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥1cos 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
2𝑥 + 1 1 cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+1
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 + 1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
+ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥11 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑥
+1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
2
+𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + 1
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 +𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 =
2 2 +1
+ = +1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+ 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
+1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
+ 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
+1
1) En los siguientes triángulos, halla los lados y ángulos restantes:
𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐴
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐵
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐶
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐶
𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐
B
B=47.602°
B B
c=20.963 a=20.963 c c a
c a=6.362
a=8.59

A=34.91° C=53.083° C=25.875°


A=79° C A b C=62.397° A=44.125° b=37.79
b
b
𝑠𝑒𝑛 92° 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐶 𝑎2 = 25 + 36 − 2 5 6 cos 70° 𝑏2 = 784 + 625 − 2 28 cos 110°
79+22=101 15 = 12
12 𝑠𝑒𝑛1592° = 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 𝐶 𝑎 2 = 40.478 𝑏2 = 1428.153
180-101=79°
𝑎 = 6.362 b=37.79
A=79° 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 12 𝑠𝑒𝑛1592° = 𝐶
C=53.083° 𝑠𝑒𝑛70° 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐵
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 110° 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐴
37.79 = 28
𝑐 8 6.362 5
𝑠𝑒𝑛 79° = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 22° −1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 70°
8 92+53.083=145.083 𝑠𝑒𝑛 5 6.362 = 𝐵 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 28 𝑠𝑒𝑛 110°
= 44.125°
(𝑠𝑒𝑛 79°𝑠𝑒𝑛 22°) = 20.963 37.79
180-145.083=34.91° B=47.602° A=44.125°
c=20.963
a=20.963 A=34.91°
70+47.602=117.602 110+44.125=154.125
𝑎2 = 225 + 144 − 2 15 12 cos 34.91° 180-117.602=62.397° 180-154.125=25.874°
𝑎2 = 73.804 C=62.397° C=25.874°
A=8.59
C=70°
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶
𝑐 2 = 16 + 36 − 2(4)(6) cos 70°
b=6 a=4
𝑐 2 = 35.583
c=5.965 km

A=50° c=5.965 B=60°

C=20°
80+80=160
180-160=20°
a=
30
𝑠𝑒𝑛 20°
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎80° = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑏80°
𝑠𝑒𝑛 80° 𝑠𝑒𝑛3020° = 𝑎
𝑠𝑒𝑛 80° 𝑠𝑒𝑛3020° = 𝑏
A=80° c=30 B=80°
a= 86.381 cm
b= 86.381 cm
C=20°
𝑠𝑒𝑛 20° 𝑏2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝐴
25 12 𝑏2 = 144 + 625 − 2 12 25 𝑐𝑜𝑠150.55°
𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 12 𝑠𝑒𝑛2520° = 9.449 𝑏2 = 1291.471°
B=35.937 a=12 A=9.449 b=35.937 m

20+9.449=29.449
B=150.55° 180-29.449=150.55°
A=9.449° c=25 B=150.55°

C=60°

b=20 a=6 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶


𝑐 2 = 36 + 400 − 2(6)(20) cos 60°
B 𝑐 2 = 316
c=17.776 c=17.776
A
26+17.776=43.776

Perímetro = 43.776 m
Laboratorio 2
Distancia de un punto, la recta y al plano
X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2
Hallar la distancia del punto P1(-15, 10, 22) al punto P2(10, 8, -3)

d= −15 − 10 2 + 10 − 8 2 + 22 + 3 2

𝑑 = −25 2 + 2 2 + 25 2
𝑑 = 625 + 4 + 625
𝑑 = 1254
𝑑 = 35.411
Se tiene la ecuación de la recta y = 3x – 15, halle la distancia del punto P (0,10) a la recta usando la
formula y el producto punto, grafique y mida con una escuadra o regla y compare el resultado medido con
los resultados calculados.
d(P, r)= |A p1+B p2+C|3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 15 = 0
𝐴2 +𝐵2

d(P, r)= |(3)(0)−(1)(10)−15|=25 2=8.838


9−1 4
Un círculo de centro (10, 12) y radio 2 es atacado en un videojuego por una bala que sigue la trayectoria
de la recta y = x + 0.5, diga si la bala golpea a la circunferencia.

Sí golpea la circunferencia

Una esfera de centro (6, 9, -2) de radio 2 esta fija, un láser de radio 2 que sigue la trayectoria de la recta
(x, y, z) = (1, 1, 1) + t (2, 3, 1). Diga si el láser hace contacto con la esfera, sino diga que distancia hay
entre la orilla del láser y la superficie de la esfera.
i j k
5 8 -3
2 3 1 AP=(6-1, 9-1, -2-1)=(5, 8, -3)
u=(2,3,1)
PQ=|𝐴𝑃𝑥𝑈|
|𝑈|
= 𝐴𝐷𝑥𝑈 = 𝑖 8 + 9 − 𝑗 5 + 6 + 𝑘(15 − 16)
= i(-1)-j(11)+k(-1)
PQ=(-1, -11, -1)
Obtenga la recta en R3 que pasa por los puntos (1, 2, 3) y el (10, 3, -5), las ecuaciones que debe de
obtener son la vectorial, paramétrica y simétrica.
a= P1-P2 r= P + tv
a= (1, 2, 3)-(10, 3, -5) (x, y, z)= (1, 2, 3) + (-9, -1, 8)
a= (-9, -1, 8)
X= 1-9t Y= 2-t Z=3+8t
X= 1+ -9t X= 1-9t X-1=-9t Y-2=-t Z-3=8t
𝑥−1 2−3
Y= 2+ -1t Y= 2-1t −9 , −𝑦 + 2 = 𝑡, 8 = 𝑡
Z= 3+ 8t Z=3+8t

Los puntos P1(1,2,-1), P2(4,3,-5) y P3(-1, 0, 3) forman un plano, hallar la distancia al punto M(4,6,1). Utilice el
método de la formula y compruebe usando el método del producto punto.

P2(4, 3, -5) P3(-1, 0, 3) P1xP2= i j k [4-(-8)]i –[12-8]j +[6-(-2)]k PM=(4, 6, 1)


P1(1, 2, -1) P1(1, 2, -1) 3 1 -4 12i -4j +8k -(12, -4, 8)
<3, 1, -4> <-2, 2, 4> -2 2 4 PM= (-8, 10, -7)
Prueba dentro y fuera
Se tiene el triángulo formado por los puntos P1(1,2), P2(5,1) y P3(4,4), diga si el punto A(3, 2) y B(2, 3) están
dentro del triángulo.

Punto A: Dentro del triángulo


Punto B: Fuera del triángulo

Un par de jóvenes de un videojuego están jugando a la “rayita”, en el videojuego hay una línea en el piso que
pasa por los puntos (x, z) P1(1, 6) y P2(- 1, -5), el jugador 1 está en la coordenada (8,0) y el jugador 2 está en
la coordenada (-9,1). La moneda del jugador 1 queda en la coordenada (2, 2) y el jugador 2 queda en la
coordenada (3, 1).
a) ¿Quién dejó la moneda más cerca de la raya?
Jugador 1

b) Diga de cada jugador si su moneda pasó o quedó antes de


la raya.
Jugador 1 detrás de la raya
Jugador 2 después de la raya
Un videojuego se trata de meter una bola en una caja abierta en la parte de arriba, la caja está definida por
8 vértices V1(-5, 4, 0), V2(0, 4, -5), V3(5, 4, 0), V4(0, 4, 5), V5(-5, 8, 0), V6(0, 8, -5), V7(5, 8, 0) y V8(0, 8,
5). Las bolas aventadas quedan en las coordenadas (-3, 5, 1) para la bola 1 y (2, 0, 0).

Plano 1-1 Bola 1 -50(5)+200=-50<0 Dentro Plano 1-2 Bola 1 -50(5)+400=150>0 Dentro
V1v2= (5,0,-5) Bola 2 -50(0)+200=200>0 Fuera V5v6= (5,0,-5) Bola 2 -50(0)+400=400>0 Dentro
V1v4= (5,0,5) V5v7= (10,0,0)
X 0, -50, 0 X 0, -50, 0
-50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0 -50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0
-50y+200=0 -50y+400=0
Referencia v5-50(2)+200=0 Referencia v1-50(4)+400=0
=-200<0 =200>0

Plano 2-1 Bola 1 -50(5)-200=50>0 Dentro Plano 2-2 Bola 1 50(5)-400=150<0 Dentro
V3v2= (-5,0,-5) Bola 2 -50(0)-200=-200<0 Fuera V5v6= (0,0,10) Bola 2 50(0)-400=400<0 Dentro
V3v4= (-5,0,5) V5v7= (-5,0,0)
X 0, -50, 0 X 0, -50, 0
-50y+D=0 50(4)+D=0 -50y+D=0 -50(8)+D=0
-50y+200=0 -50y+400=0
Referencia v8-50(8)-200=0 Referencia v3 50(4)-400=0
=200>0 =-200<0
Plano 1-3 Bola 1 -20(-3)-20(1)-100=-60<0 Dentro Plano 2-4 Bola 1 -20(-3)-20(1)+100=140>0 Dentro
V1v5= (0,4,0) Bola 2 -20(2)-20(0) 100=-140<0 Dentro V8v7= (5,4,-5) Bola 2 -20(2)-20(0)+100=60>0 Dentro
V1v2= (5,0,5) V8v3= (5,-4,-5)
X -20, 0, -20 X -20, 0, -20
-50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0 -50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0
-50y+200=0 -50y+200=0
Referencia v4 20(0)-20(5)-100=0 Referencia v8 -20(0)-20(-5)+100=0
=-200<0 =200>0
Plano 2-3 Bola 1 20(-3)+20(1)+100=60>0 Dentro Plano 1-5 Bola 1 20(-3)-20(1)+100=20>0 Dentro
V6v5= (-5,0,5) Bola 2 -20(2)+20(0)+100=140>0 Dentro V1v5= (0,4,0) Bola 2 20(2)-20(0)+100=60>0 Dentro
V6v2= (5,0,-5) V1v4= (5,0,5)
X 20, 0, 20 X 20, 0, -20
-50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0 -50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0
-50y+200=0 -50y+200=0
Referencia v8 20(0)+20(0)+100=0 Referencia v2 20(0)-20(-5)+100=0
=200>0 =200>0
Plano 1-4 Bola 1 -20(-3)-20(1)+100=140>0 Dentro Plano 2-5 Bola 1 50(5)+40(1)-400=-110<0 Fuera
V4v1= (5,4,-5) Bola 2 -20(2)-20(0)+100=60>0 Dentro V2v6= (-10,0,0) Bola 2 50(0)+40(0)-400=-400<0 Fuera
V4v3= (5,0,-5) V2v4= (-5,-4,5)
X -20, 0, -20 X 0, 50, 40
-50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0 -50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0
-50y+200=0 -50y+200=0
Referencia v1 -20(-3)-20(0)+100=0 Referencia v8 50(8)+40(5)-400=0
=200>0 =200>0
Plano 1-6 Bola 1 20(-3)-100=-180<0 Dentro
V2v6= (0,4,0) Bola 2 -20(2)-100=-60<0 Dentro
V2v3= (5,0,5)
X 20, 0, -20
-50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0
-50y+200=0
Referencia v1 20(-5)-20(0)-100=0
=200<0

Plano 2-6 Bola 1 -40(-3)-50(5)+400=270>0 Fuera


V8v6= (0,0,-10) Bola 2 -40(-2)-50(0)+400=320>0 Fuera
V8v3= (5,-4,-5)
X -20, 0, -20
-50y+D=0 -50(4)+D=0
-50y+200=0
Referencia v5 -40(5)-50(8)+4400=0
=-200<0
Laboratorio 3
Un Sprite está formado por una imagen de un triángulo que contiene 4 áreas de colisión circulares. Determine cuáles de ellas está en colisión con otra
circunferencia en la posición dada.
Imagen 30x22 pixeles Colisión superior (15,9,3)
15, 11 (152 + 112
Colisión central (15,14,8)
Radio: 18.6
Colisión inferior izquierda (6,19,3) Colisión
inferior derecha (25, 19, 3)
donde la esquina superior del Sprite es la coordenada (0,0) es como la ve en la parte de arriba. La circunferencia con
la que se quiere ver si colisiona esta en la posición (60, 75, 10), recuerde que las circunferencias de colisión se
especifican en (x, y, r).
Pasos: Trasladar centro al origen x-xc, yc-y
1.- (0, 1) vel = 10
2.- (.707, .707) vel = 40
3.- (.766, .642) vel = 60
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦𝑥)

Trayecto del Sprite Trayectoria Ángulo Trayectorias resultantes


P1 (0,1), vel=10 (0, 10) - (0, 10)
P2 (0.707, 0.707), vel=40 (28.28, 28.28) 45° (28.28, 38.28)
P3 (0.766, 0.642), vel= 60 (45.96, 38.52) 39.96° (74.24, 66.8)
Trasladar centro al origen x-xc, yc-y
X cosθ - Y senθ
X senθ +Y cosθ

Coordenadas originales Coordenadas trasladadas Coordenadas rotadas


CS (15, 9, 3) (0, 2, 3) (-1.28, 1.53, 3)
CC (15, 14, 8) (0, -3, 8) (1.92, -2.29, 8)
CII (6, 19, 3) (-9, -8, 3) (-1.76, -11.91, 3)
CID (25, 19, 3) (10, -8, 3) (12.8, 0.29, 3)
C general (15, 11, 18.6) (0, 0, 18.6) (0, 0, 18.6)

Coordenadas rotadas Coordenadas trasladadas al punto de Trayectoria Resultante


CS’’ (-1.28, 1.53, 3) ‘’’(72.96, 68.33, 3)
CC’’ (1.92, -2.29, 8) ‘’’(76.16, 64.51, 8)
CII’’ (-1.76, -11.91, 3) ‘’’(72.48, 54.89, 3)
CID’’ (12.8, 0.29, 3) ‘’’(87.04, 67.09, 3)
C general’’ (0, 0, 18.6) ‘’’(74.24, 66.8, 18.6)
Circunferencia (60, 75, 10)
(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 +(𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2

Comparaciones de colisión Distancia entre centros Suma de radios Conclusión


C’’’s VS Circunferencia 14.57 13 No colisiona
C’’’C VS Circunferencia 19.26 18 No colisiona
C’’’II VS Circunferencia 23.66 13 No colisiona
C’’’ID VS Circunferencia 28.17 13 No colisiona
C’’’general VS Circunferencia 16.43 28.6 Sí colisiona
Laboratorio 4
Utilizando trazo de rayo (ray trace) determine en que puntos de una esfera hacen colisión los siguientes disparos.

Esfera (20,32,14,10) recuerde que es (x, y, z, r)


Disparo 1 P(t) = (5, 7, -1) + t (15, 25, 15)
Disparo 2 P(t) = (4, 6, 0) + t (6, 48, 16)
Disparo 3 P(t) = (5, 6, 1) + t (15, 34, 9)
DISPARO 1

(5, 7, -1) – (20, 32, 14) = -15, -25, -15 (Px, Py, Pz)=(Sx, Sy, Sz) + t(Vx, Vy, Vz)
P(t)=(-15, -25, -15)+t(15, 25, 15)
𝑎 = 𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦 2 + 𝑉𝑧 2
𝑎 = (15)2 + (25)2 +(15)2 −𝑏 ± 𝐷
𝑡=
𝑎 = 1075 2𝑎
−(−2150) ± 430000
𝑡=
𝑏 = 2(𝑆𝑥 𝑉𝑥 + 𝑆𝑦 𝑉𝑦 + 𝑆𝑧 𝑉𝑧) 2(1075)
𝑏 = 2[ −15 15 + −25 25 + −15 15 ] 𝑡1 = 1.4724
𝑏 = −2150 𝑡2 = 0.8624

𝑐 = 𝑆𝑥 2 + 𝑆𝑦 2 + 𝑆𝑧 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑡𝑉𝑥 = −15 + 1.4724 15 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑡𝑉𝑥 = −15 + 0.8624 15


𝑐 = (−15)2 + −25 2 + (−15)2 − 102 7.086 + 20 = 27.086 −2.064 + 20 = 17.936
𝑐 = 975
𝑆𝑦 + 𝑡𝑉𝑦 = −25 + 1.4724 25 𝑆𝑦 + 𝑡𝑉𝑦 = −25 + 0.8624 25
𝐷= 𝑏2
− 4𝑎𝑐 11.81 + 32 = 43.81 −3.44 + 32 = 28.56
𝐷 = (−2150)2 − 4(1075)(975)
𝐷 = 430000 𝑆𝑧 + 𝑡𝑉𝑧 = −15 + 1.4724 15 𝑆𝑧 + 𝑡𝑉𝑧 = −15 + 0.8624 15
7.086 + 14 = 21.086 −2.064 + 14 = 11.936
D>0 TOCA EN DOS PUNTOS
DISPARO 2

(4, 6, 0) – (20, 32, 14) = -16, -6, -14 (Px, Py, Pz)=(Sx, Sy, Sz) + t(Vx, Vy, Vz)
P(t)=(-16, -26, -14)+t(6, 48, 16)
𝑎 = 𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦 2 + 𝑉𝑧 2
𝑎 = (6)2 + (48)2 +(16)2
𝑎 = 2596

𝑏 = 2(𝑆𝑥 𝑉𝑥 + 𝑆𝑦 𝑉𝑦 + 𝑆𝑧 𝑉𝑧)
𝑏 = 2[ −16 6 + −26 48 + −14 16 ]
𝑏 = −3136

𝑐 = 𝑆𝑥 2 + 𝑆𝑦 2 + 𝑆𝑧 2 − 𝑟 2
𝑐 = (−16)2 + −26 2 + (−14)2 − 102
𝑐 = 1028

𝐷 = 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝐷 = (−3136)2 − 4(2596)(1028)
𝐷 = −840256

D<0 NO HAY INTERSECCIÓN


DISPARO 3
(Px, Py, Pz)=(Sx, Sy, Sz) + t(Vx, Vy, Vz)
(5, 6, 1) – (20, 32, 14) = -15, -26, -13 P(t)=(-15, -26, -13)+t(15, 34, 9)

𝑎 = 𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦 2 + 𝑉𝑧 2 −𝑏 ± 𝐷
𝑡=
𝑎 = (15)2 + (34)2 +(9)2 2𝑎
𝑎 = 1462 −(−2452) ± 339744
𝑡=
2(1462)
𝑏 = 2(𝑆𝑥 𝑉𝑥 + 𝑆𝑦 𝑉𝑦 + 𝑆𝑧 𝑉𝑧) 𝑡1 = 1.0379
𝑏 = 2[ −15 15 + −26 34 + −13 9 ] 𝑡2 = 0.639
𝑏 = −2452
𝑆𝑥 + 𝑡𝑉𝑥 = −15 + 1.0379 15 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑡𝑉𝑥 = −15 + 0.639 15
𝑐= 𝑆𝑥 2
+ + 𝑆𝑦 2
− 𝑆𝑧 2 𝑟2 0.5685 + 20 = 20.5685 −5.415 + 20 = 14.585
𝑐 = (−15) + −26 + (−13)2 − 102
2 2

𝑐 = 970 𝑆𝑦 + 𝑡𝑉𝑦 = −26 + 1.0379 35 𝑆𝑦 + 𝑡𝑉𝑦 = −26 + 0.639 34


10.3265 + 32 = 42.3265 −4.274 + 32 = 27.726
𝐷 = 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝐷 = (−2452)2 − 4(1462)(970) 𝑆𝑧 + 𝑡𝑉𝑧 = −13 + 1.0379 9 𝑆𝑧 + 𝑡𝑉𝑧 = −13 + 0.639 9
𝐷 = 339744 −3.6589 + 14 = 10.3411 −7.249 + 14 = 6.751

D>0 TOCA EN DOS PUNTOS


Utilizando trazo de rayos (ray trace) determine en que punto de la pared se hará una emisión de partículas por los disparos recibidos.
Coordenadas del plano:
P1(-10, 0, -10) Disparo 1 P(t) = (-30, 0, 0) + t(30, 11, 5)
P2( -10, 10, -10)
P3(10, 10, 10) −[ 5 −30 + 0 0 + 5 0 +100]
P4(10, 0, 10) T= [ 5 30 + 0 11 +(5)(5)]
Disparo 1 P(t) = (-30, 0, 0) + t (30, 11, 5) T= 1.4285
Disparo 2 P(t) = (-30, 0, 0) + t (28, 9, -5) Sx+tVx= -30+(1.4285)(30)= 12.855
Sy+tVy= 0+(1.4285)(11)= 15.7135
-10<x<10 0<y<10 Sz+tVz= 0+(1.4285)(5)= 7.1425
-10<z<10
P1P2= P2( -10, 10, -10)-P1(-10, 0, -10) P1P2= <0, 10, 0>
P1P3= P3=(10, 10, 10)-P1(-10, 0, -10)
<20, 10, 20> Disparo 2 P(t) = (-30, 0, 0) + t(28, 9, -5)
P1P2 P1P3= | i j k |
| 0 10 0 | −[ 5 −30 + 0 0 + 5 0 +100]
T=
| 20 10 20 | [ 5 28 + 0 9 +(5)(−5)]
P1P2 P1P3= | 10 0 | i- | 0 0 | j+ | 0 10 | k T= 2.1739
| 10 20 | i- | 20 20 | j+ | 20 10 | k Sx+tVx= -30+(2.1739)(28)= 30.8692
[200+0] i- [0+0] j+ [0+200]k Sy+tVy= 0+(2.1739)(9)= 19.5651
= 200i + 200k Sz+tVz= 0+(2.1739)(-5)= -10.8695
n =<200, 0, 200>
PT= t(x, y, z) – P1(-10, 0, -10) PT= <x+10, y-0, z+10>
PT n = 0
<x+10, y-0, z+10> <200, 0, 200>=0 (x+10)(200)+(y-0)(0)+(z+10)(200) 200x+2000+0+200z+2000=0
200x+200z+4000
5x+5z+100=0
Laboratorio 5
Curvas de Bézier y Catmull-Rom
1.- Grafique la curva de Bézier con los puntos de control dados y “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1:
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Dados los puntos P0, P1… Pn, la curva de Bézier es del tipo:

Son 5 puntos por lo que n=4, es la cantidad de puntos menos uno.

4 4 4 4 4
B(t) = P0(1-t)4-0t0+ P1(1-t)4-1t1+ P2(1-t)4-2t2+ P3(1-t)4-3t3+ P4(1-t)4-4t4
0 1 2 3 4

∴ B(t) = P0(1-t)41 + 4P1(1-t)3t+ 6P2(1-t)2t2 + 4P3(1-t)t3 + P4t4


1.- Grafique la curva de Bézier con los puntos de control dados y “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1:
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

B(t) = P0(1-t)4t + 4P1(1-t)3t + 6P2(1-t)2t2 + 4P3(1-t)t3 + P4t4

t X
0 1 B(t) = 1[1-(0)]4 + (4)2[1-(0)]3(0) + (6)4[1-(0)]2(0)2 + (4)6[1-(0)](0)3 + 5(0)4 = 1
B(t) = 1[1-(0.1)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.1)]3(0.1) + (6)4[1-(0.1)]2(0.1)2 + (4)6[1-(0.1)](0.1)3 + 5(0.1)4 = 1.4558
0.1 1.4558
B(t) = 1[1-(0.2)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.2)]3(0.2) + (6)4[1-(0.2)]2(0.2)2 + (4)6[1-(0.2)](0.2)3 + 5(0.2)4 = 2.0048
0.2 2.0048 B(t) = 1[1-(0.3)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.3)]3(0.3) + (6)4[1-(0.3)]2(0.3)2 + (4)6[1-(0.3)](0.3)3 + 5(0.3)4 = 2.6158
0.3 2.6158 B(t) = 1[1-(0.4)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.4)]3(0.4) + (6)4[1-(0.4)]2(0.4)2 + (4)6[1-(0.4)](0.4)3 + 5(0.4)4 = 3.2528
0.4 3.2528 B(t) = 1[1-(0.5)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.5)]3(0.5) + (6)4[1-(0.5)]2(0.5)2 + (4)6[1-(0.5)](0.5)3 + 5(0.5)4 = 3.875
B(t) = 1[1-(0.6)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.6)]3(0.6) + (6)4[1-(0.6)]2(0.6)2 + (4)6[1-(0.6)](0.6)3 + 5(0.6)4 = 4.4368
0.5 3.875
B(t) = 1[1-(0.7)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.7)]3(0.7) + (6)4[1-(0.7)]2(0.7)2 + (4)6[1-(0.7)](0.7)3 + 5(0.7)4 = 4.8878
0.6 4.4368 B(t) = 1[1-(0.8)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.8)]3(0.8) + (6)4[1-(0.8)]2(0.8)2 + (4)6[1-(0.8)](0.8)3 + 5(0.8)4 = 5.1728
0.7 4.8878 B(t) = 1[1-(0.9)]4 + (4)2[1-(0.9)]3(0.9) + (6)4[1-(0.9)]2(0.9)2 + (4)6[1-(0.9)](0.9)3 + 5(0.9)4 = 5.2318
B(t) = 1[1-(1)]4 + (4)2[1-(1)]3(1) + (6)4[1-(1)]2(1)2 + (4)6[1-(1)](1)3 + 5(1)4 = 5
0.8 5.1728
0.9 5.2318
1 5
1.- Grafique la curva de Bézier con los puntos de control dados y “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1:
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

B(t) = P0(1-t)4t + 4P1(1-t)3t + 6P2(1-t)2t2 + 4P3(1-t)t3 + P4t4

t Y
0 2 B(t) = 2[1-(0)]4 + (4)8[1-(0)]3(0) + (6)9[1-(0)]2(0)2 + (4)7[1-(0)](0)3 + 1(0)4 = 2
B(t) = 2[1-(0.1)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.1)]3(0.1) + (6)4[1-(0.1)]2(0.1)2 + (4)6[1-(0.1)](0.1)3 + 5(0.1)4 = 4.1077
0.1 4.1077
B(t) = 2[1-(0.2)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.2)]3(0.2) + (6)4[1-(0.2)]2(0.2)2 + (4)6[1-(0.2)](0.2)3 + 5(0.2)4 = 5.6592
0.2 5.6592 B(t) = 2[1-(0.3)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.3)]3(0.3) + (6)4[1-(0.3)]2(0.3)2 + (4)6[1-(0.3)](0.3)3 + 5(0.3)4 = 6.6917
0.3 6.6917 B(t) = 2[1-(0.4)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.4)]3(0.4) + (6)4[1-(0.4)]2(0.4)2 + (4)6[1-(0.4)](0.4)3 + 5(0.4)4 = 7.2352
0.4 7.2352 B(t) = 2[1-(0.5)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.5)]3(0.5) + (6)4[1-(0.5)]2(0.5)2 + (4)6[1-(0.5)](0.5)3 + 5(0.5)4 = 7.3125
B(t) = 2[1-(0.6)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.6)]3(0.6) + (6)4[1-(0.6)]2(0.6)2 + (4)6[1-(0.6)](0.6)3 + 5(0.6)4 = 6.9392
0.5 7.3125
B(t) = 2[1-(0.7)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.7)]3(0.7) + (6)4[1-(0.7)]2(0.7)2 + (4)6[1-(0.7)](0.7)3 + 5(0.7)4 = 6.1237
0.6 6.9392 B(t) = 2[1-(0.8)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.8)]3(0.8) + (6)4[1-(0.8)]2(0.8)2 + (4)6[1-(0.8)](0.8)3 + 5(0.8)4 = 4.8672
0.7 6.1237 B(t) = 2[1-(0.9)]4 + (4)8[1-(0.9)]3(0.9) + (6)4[1-(0.9)]2(0.9)2 + (4)6[1-(0.9)](0.9)3 + 5(0.9)4 = 3.1637
B(t) = 2[1-(1)]4 + (4)8[1-(1)]3(1) + (6)9[1-(1)]2(1)2 + (4)7[1-(1)](1)3 + 1(1)4 = 1
0.8 4.8672
0.9 3.1637
1 1
1.- Grafique la curva de Bézier con los puntos de control dados y “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1:
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

t X Y
0 1 2
0.1 1.4558 4.1077
0.2 2.0048 5.6592
0.3 2.6158 6.6917
0.4 3.2528 7.2352
0.5 3.875 7.3125
0.6 4.4368 6.9392
0.7 4.8878 6.1237
0.8 5.1728 4.8672
0.9 5.2318 3.1637
1 5 1
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1

t X
0 1 H(t) = [2(0)3-3(0)2+1] 1 + (-2(0)3+3(0)2) 2 + [(0)3-2(0)2+(0)] 0.5 + [(0)3-(0)2] 1.5 = 1
H(t) = [2(0.1)3-3(0.1)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.1)3+3(0.1)2) 2 + [(0.1)3-2(0.1)2+(0.1)] 0.5 + [(0.1)3-(0.1)2] 1.5 = 1.055
0.1 1.055 H(t) = [2(0.2)3-3(0.2)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.2)3+3(0.2)2) 2 + [(0.2)3-2(0.2)2+(0.2)] 0.5 + [(0.2)3-(0.2)2] 1.5 = 1.12
H(t) = [2(0.3)3-3(0.3)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.3)3+3(0.3)2) 2 + [(0.3)3-2(0.3)2+(0.3)] 0.5 + [(0.3)3-(0.3)2] 1.5 = 1.195
0.2 1.12 H(t) = [2(0.4)3-3(0.4)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.4)3+3(0.4)2) 2 + [(0.4)3-2(0.4)2+(0.4)] 0.5 + [(0.4)3-(0.4)2] 1.5 = 1.28
0.3 1.195 H(t) = [2(0.5)3-3(0.5)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.5)3+3(0.5)2) 2 + [(0.5)3-2(0.5)2+(0.5)] 0.5 + [(0.5)3-(0.5)2] 1.5 = 1.375
H(t) = [2(0.6)3-3(0.6)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.6)3+3(0.6)2) 2 + [(0.6)3-2(0.6)2+(0.6)] 0.5 + [(0.6)3-(0.6)2] 1.5 = 1.48
0.4 1.28 H(t) = [2(0.7)3-3(0.7)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.7)3+3(0.7)2) 2 + [(0.7)3-2(0.7)2+(0.7)] 0.5 + [(0.7)3-(0.7)2] 1.5 = 1.595
H(t) = [2(0.8)3-3(0.8)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.8)3+3(0.8)2) 2 + [(0.8)3-2(0.8)2+(0.8)] 0.5 + [(0.8)3-(0.8)2] 1.5 = 1.72
0.5 1.375 H(t) = [2(0.9)3-3(0.9)2+1] 1 + (-2(0.9)3+3(0.9)2) 2 + [(0.9)3-2(0.9)2+(0.9)] 0.5 + [(0.9)3-(0.9)2] 1.5 = 1.855
0.6 1.48 H(t) = [2(1)3-3(1)2+1] 1 + (-2(1)3+3(1)2) 2 + [(1)3-2(1)2+(1)] 0.5 + [(1)3-(1)2] 1.5 = 1

0.7 1.595
0.8 1.72
0.9 1.855
1 2
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1

t Y
0 2 H(t) = [2(0)3-3(0)2+1] 2 + (-2(0)3+3(0)2) 8 + [(0)3-2(0)2+(0)] 3 + [(0)3-(0)2] 3.5 = 2
H(t) = [2(0.1)3-3(0.1)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.1)3+3(0.1)2) 8 + [(0.1)3-2(0.1)2+(0.1)] 3 + [(0.1)3-(0.1)2] 3.5 = 2.3795
0.1 2.3795 H(t) = [2(0.2)3-3(0.2)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.2)3+3(0.2)2) 8 + [(0.2)3-2(0.2)2+(0.2)] 3 + [(0.2)3-(0.2)2] 3.5 = 2.896
H(t) = [2(0.3)3-3(0.3)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.3)3+3(0.3)2) 8 + [(0.3)3-2(0.3)2+(0.3)] 3 + [(0.3)3-(0.3)2] 3.5 = 3.5165
0.2 2.896 H(t) = [2(0.4)3-3(0.4)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.4)3+3(0.4)2) 8 + [(0.4)3-2(0.4)2+(0.4)] 3 + [(0.4)3-(0.4)2] 3.5 = 4.208
0.3 3.5165 H(t) = [2(0.5)3-3(0.5)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.5)3+3(0.5)2) 8 + [(0.5)3-2(0.5)2+(0.5)] 3 + [(0.5)3-(0.5)2] 3.5 = 4.9375
H(t) = [2(0.6)3-3(0.6)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.6)3+3(0.6)2) 8 + [(0.6)3-2(0.6)2+(0.6)] 3 + [(0.6)3-(0.6)2] 3.5 = 5.672
0.4 4.208 H(t) = [2(0.7)3-3(0.7)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.7)3+3(0.7)2) 8 + [(0.7)3-2(0.7)2+(0.7)] 3 + [(0.7)3-(0.7)2] 3.5 = 6.3785
H(t) = [2(0.8)3-3(0.8)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.8)3+3(0.8)2) 8 + [(0.8)3-2(0.8)2+(0.8)] 3 + [(0.8)3-(0.8)2] 3.5 = 7.024
0.5 4.9375 H(t) = [2(0.9)3-3(0.9)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.9)3+3(0.9)2) 8 + [(0.9)3-2(0.9)2+(0.9)] 3 + [(0.9)3-(0.9)2] 3.5 = 7.5755
0.6 5.672 H(t) = [2(1)3-3(1)2+1] 2 + (-2(1)3+3(1)2) 8 + [(1)3-2(1)2+(1)] 3 + [(1)3-(1)2] 3.5 = 8

0.7 6.3785
0.8 7.024
0.9 7.5755
1 8
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1


t X Y TABLA 1
0 1 2
0.1 1.055 2.3795
0.2 1.12 2.896
0.3 1.195 3.5165
0.4 1.28 4.208
0.5 1.375 4.9375
0.6 1.48 5.672
0.7 1.595 6.3785
0.8 1.72 7.024
0.9 1.855 7.5755
1 2 8
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1

t X
0 2 H(t) = [2(0)3-3(0)2+1] 2 + (-2(0)3+3(0)2) 4 + [(0)3-2(0)2+(0)] 1.5 + [(0)3-(0)2] 2 = 2
H(t) = [2(0.1)3-3(0.1)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.1)3+3(0.1)2) 4 + [(0.1)3-2(0.1)2+(0.1)] 1.5 + [(0.1)3-(0.1)2] 2 = 2.1595
0.1 2.1595 H(t) = [2(0.2)3-3(0.2)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.2)3+3(0.2)2) 4 + [(0.2)3-2(0.2)2+(0.2)] 1.5 + [(0.2)3-(0.2)2] 2 = 2.336
H(t) = [2(0.3)3-3(0.3)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.3)3+3(0.3)2) 4 + [(0.3)3-2(0.3)2+(0.3)] 1.5 + [(0.3)3-(0.3)2] 2 = 2.5265
0.2 2.336 H(t) = [2(0.4)3-3(0.4)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.4)3+3(0.4)2) 4 + [(0.4)3-2(0.4)2+(0.4)] 1.5 + [(0.4)3-(0.4)2] 2 = 2.728
0.3 2.5265 H(t) = [2(0.5)3-3(0.5)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.5)3+3(0.5)2) 4 + [(0.5)3-2(0.5)2+(0.5)] 1.5 + [(0.5)3-(0.5)2] 2 = 2.9375
H(t) = [2(0.6)3-3(0.6)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.6)3+3(0.6)2) 4 + [(0.6)3-2(0.6)2+(0.6)] 1.5 + [(0.6)3-(0.6)2] 2 = 3.152
0.4 2.728 H(t) = [2(0.7)3-3(0.7)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.7)3+3(0.7)2) 4 + [(0.7)3-2(0.7)2+(0.7)] 1.5 + [(0.7)3-(0.7)2] 2 = 3.3685
H(t) = [2(0.8)3-3(0.8)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.8)3+3(0.8)2) 4 + [(0.8)3-2(0.8)2+(0.8)] 1.5 + [(0.8)3-(0.8)2] 2 = 3.584
0.5 2.9375 H(t) = [2(0.9)3-3(0.9)2+1] 2 + (-2(0.9)3+3(0.9)2) 4 + [(0.9)3-2(0.9)2+(0.9)] 1.5 + [(0.9)3-(0.9)2] 2 = 3.7955
0.6 3.152 H(t) = [2(1)3-3(1)2+1] 2 + (-2(1)3+3(1)2) 4 1 + [(1)3-2(1)2+(1)] 1.5 + [(1)3-(1)2] 2 = 4

0.7 3.3685
0.8 3.584
0.9 3.7955
1 4
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1

t Y
0 8 H(t) = [2(0)3-3(0)2+1] 8 + (-2(0)3+3(0)2) 9 + [(0)3-2(0)2+(0)] 3.5 + [(0)3-(0)2] -0.5 = 8
H(t) = [2(0.1)3-3(0.1)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.1)3+3(0.1)2) 9 + [(0.1)3-2(0.1)2+(0.1)] 3.5 + [(0.1)3-(0.1)2] -0.5 = 8.316
0.1 8.316 H(t) = [2(0.2)3-3(0.2)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.2)3+3(0.2)2) 9 + [(0.2)3-2(0.2)2+(0.2)] 3.5 + [(0.2)3-(0.2)2] -0.5 = 8.568
H(t) = [2(0.3)3-3(0.3)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.3)3+3(0.3)2) 9 + [(0.3)3-2(0.3)2+(0.3)] 3.5 + [(0.3)3-(0.3)2] -0.5 = 8.762
0.2 8.568 H(t) = [2(0.4)3-3(0.4)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.4)3+3(0.4)2) 9 + [(0.4)3-2(0.4)2+(0.4)] 3.5 + [(0.4)3-(0.4)2] -0.5 = 8.904
0.3 8.762 H(t) = [2(0.5)3-3(0.5)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.5)3+3(0.5)2) 9 + [(0.5)3-2(0.5)2+(0.5)] 3.5 + [(0.5)3-(0.5)2] -0.5 = 9
H(t) = [2(0.6)3-3(0.6)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.6)3+3(0.6)2) 9 + [(0.6)3-2(0.6)2+(0.6)] 3.5 + [(0.6)3-(0.6)2] -0.5 = 9.056
0.4 8.904 H(t) = [2(0.7)3-3(0.7)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.7)3+3(0.7)2) 9 + [(0.7)3-2(0.7)2+(0.7)] 3.5 + [(0.7)3-(0.7)2] -0.5 = 9.078
H(t) = [2(0.8)3-3(0.8)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.8)3+3(0.8)2) 9 + [(0.8)3-2(0.8)2+(0.8)] 3.5 + [(0.8)3-(0.8)2] -0.5 = 9.072
0.5 9 H(t) = [2(0.9)3-3(0.9)2+1] 8 + (-2(0.9)3+3(0.9)2) 9 + [(0.9)3-2(0.9)2+(0.9)] 3.5 + [(0.9)3-(0.9)2] -0.5 = 9.044
0.6 9.056 H(t) = [2(1)3-3(1)2+1] 8 + (-2(1)3+3(1)2) 9 + [(1)3-2(1)2+(1)] 3.5 + [(1)3-(1)2] -0.5 = 9

0.7 9.078
0.8 9.072
0.9 9.044
1 9
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1


t X Y TABLA 2
0 2 8
0.1 2.1595 8.316
0.2 2.336 8.568
0.3 2.5265 8.762
0.4 2.728 8.904
0.5 2.9375 9
0.6 3.152 9.056
0.7 3.3685 9.078
0.8 3.584 9.072
0.9 3.7955 9.044
1 4 9
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1

t X
0 4 H(t) = [2(0)3-3(0)2+1] 4 + (-2(0)3+3(0)2) 6 + [(0)3-2(0)2+(0)] 2 + [(0)3-(0)2] 0.5 = 4
H(t) = [2(0.1)3-3(0.1)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.1)3+3(0.1)2) 6 + [(0.1)3-2(0.1)2+(0.1)] 2 + [(0.1)3-(0.1)2] 0.5 = 4.2135
0.1 4.2135 H(t) = [2(0.2)3-3(0.2)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.2)3+3(0.2)2) 6 + [(0.2)3-2(0.2)2+(0.2)] 2 + [(0.2)3-(0.2)2] 0.5 = 4.448
H(t) = [2(0.3)3-3(0.3)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.3)3+3(0.3)2) 6 + [(0.3)3-2(0.3)2+(0.3)] 2 + [(0.3)3-(0.3)2] 0.5 = 4.6945
0.2 4.448 H(t) = [2(0.4)3-3(0.4)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.4)3+3(0.4)2) 6 + [(0.4)3-2(0.4)2+(0.4)] 2 + [(0.4)3-(0.4)2] 0.5 = 4.944
0.3 4.6945 H(t) = [2(0.5)3-3(0.5)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.5)3+3(0.5)2) 6 + [(0.5)3-2(0.5)2+(0.5)] 2 + [(0.5)3-(0.5)2] 0.5 = 5.1875
H(t) = [2(0.6)3-3(0.6)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.6)3+3(0.6)2) 6 + [(0.6)3-2(0.6)2+(0.6)] 2 + [(0.6)3-(0.6)2] 0.5 = 5.416
0.4 4.944 H(t) = [2(0.7)3-3(0.7)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.7)3+3(0.7)2) 6 + [(0.7)3-2(0.7)2+(0.7)] 2 + [(0.7)3-(0.7)2] 0.5 = 5.6205
H(t) = [2(0.8)3-3(0.8)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.8)3+3(0.8)2) 6 + [(0.8)3-2(0.8)2+(0.8)] 2 + [(0.8)3-(0.8)2] 0.5 = 5.792
0.5 5.1875 H(t) = [2(0.9)3-3(0.9)2+1] 4 + (-2(0.9)3+3(0.9)2) 6 + [(0.9)3-2(0.9)2+(0.9)] 2 + [(0.9)3-(0.9)2] 0.5 = 5.9215
0.6 5.416 H(t) = [2(1)3-3(1)2+1] 4 + (-2(1)3+3(1)2) 6 + [(1)3-2(1)2+(1)] 2 + [(1)3-(1)2] 0.5 = 6

0.7 5.6205
0.8 5.792
0.9 5.9215
1 6
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1

t Y
0 9 H(t) = [2(0)3-3(0)2+1] 9 + (-2(0)3+3(0)2) 7 + [(0)3-2(0)2+(0)] -0.5 + [(0)3-(0)2] -4 = 9
H(t) = [2(0.1)3-3(0.1)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.1)3+3(0.1)2) 7 + [(0.1)3-2(0.1)2+(0.1)] -0.5 + [(0.1)3-(0.1)2] -4 = 8.9395
0.1 8.9395 H(t) = [2(0.2)3-3(0.2)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.2)3+3(0.2)2) 7 + [(0.2)3-2(0.2)2+(0.2)] -0.5 + [(0.2)3-(0.2)2] -4 = 8.856
H(t) = [2(0.3)3-3(0.3)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.3)3+3(0.3)2) 7 + [(0.3)3-2(0.3)2+(0.3)] -0.5 + [(0.3)3-(0.3)2] -4 = 8.7465
0.2 8.856 H(t) = [2(0.4)3-3(0.4)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.4)3+3(0.4)2) 7 + [(0.4)3-2(0.4)2+(0.4)] -0.5 + [(0.4)3-(0.4)2] -4 = 8.608
0.3 8.7465 H(t) = [2(0.5)3-3(0.5)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.5)3+3(0.5)2) 7 + [(0.5)3-2(0.5)2+(0.5)] -0.5 + [(0.5)3-(0.5)2] -4 = 8.4375
H(t) = [2(0.6)3-3(0.6)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.6)3+3(0.6)2) 7 + [(0.6)3-2(0.6)2+(0.6)] -0.5 + [(0.6)3-(0.6)2] -4 = 8.232
0.4 8.608 H(t) = [2(0.7)3-3(0.7)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.7)3+3(0.7)2) 7 + [(0.7)3-2(0.7)2+(0.7)] -0.5 + [(0.7)3-(0.7)2] -4 = 7.9885
H(t) = [2(0.8)3-3(0.8)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.8)3+3(0.8)2) 7 + [(0.8)3-2(0.8)2+(0.8)] -0.5 + [(0.8)3-(0.8)2] -4 = 7.704
0.5 8.4375 H(t) = [2(0.9)3-3(0.9)2+1] 9 + (-2(0.9)3+3(0.9)2) 7 + [(0.9)3-2(0.9)2+(0.9)] -0.5 + [(0.9)3-(0.9)2] -4 = 7.3755
0.6 8.232 H(t) = [2(1)3-3(1)2+1] 9 + (-2(1)3+3(1)2) 7 + [(1)3-2(1)2+(1)] -0.5 + [(1)3-(1)2] -4 = 7

0.7 7.9885
0.8 7.704
0.9 7.3755
1 7
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1


t X Y TABLA 3
0 4 9
0.1 4.2135 8.9395
0.2 4.448 8.856
0.3 4.6945 8.7465
0.4 4.944 8.608
0.5 5.1875 8.4375
0.6 5.416 8.232
0.7 5.6205 7.9885
0.8 5.792 7.704
0.9 5.9215 7.3755
1 6 7
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1

t X
0 6 H(t) = [2(0)3-3(0)2+1] 6 + (-2(0)3+3(0)2) 5 + [(0)3-2(0)2+(0)] 0.5 + [(0)3-(0)2] -0.5 = 6
H(t) = [2(0.1)3-3(0.1)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.1)3+3(0.1)2) 5 + [(0.1)3-2(0.1)2+(0.1)] 0.5 + [(0.1)3-(0.1)2] -0.5 = 6.017
0.1 6.017 H(t) = [2(0.2)3-3(0.2)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.2)3+3(0.2)2) 5 + [(0.2)3-2(0.2)2+(0.2)] 0.5 + [(0.2)3-(0.2)2] -0.5 = 5.976
H(t) = [2(0.3)3-3(0.3)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.3)3+3(0.3)2) 5 + [(0.3)3-2(0.3)2+(0.3)] 0.5 + [(0.3)3-(0.3)2] -0.5 = 5.889
0.2 5.976 H(t) = [2(0.4)3-3(0.4)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.4)3+3(0.4)2) 5 + [(0.4)3-2(0.4)2+(0.4)] 0.5 + [(0.4)3-(0.4)2] -0.5 = 5.768
0.3 5.889 H(t) = [2(0.5)3-3(0.5)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.5)3+3(0.5)2) 5 + [(0.5)3-2(0.5)2+(0.5)] 0.5 + [(0.5)3-(0.5)2] -0.5 = 5.625
H(t) = [2(0.6)3-3(0.6)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.6)3+3(0.6)2) 5 + [(0.6)3-2(0.6)2+(0.6)] 0.5 + [(0.6)3-(0.6)2] -0.5 = 5.472
0.4 5.768 H(t) = [2(0.7)3-3(0.7)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.7)3+3(0.7)2) 5 + [(0.7)3-2(0.7)2+(0.7)] 0.5 + [(0.7)3-(0.7)2] -0.5 = 5.321
H(t) = [2(0.8)3-3(0.8)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.8)3+3(0.8)2) 5 + [(0.8)3-2(0.8)2+(0.8)] 0.5 + [(0.8)3-(0.8)2] -0.5 = 5.184
0.5 5.625 H(t) = [2(0.9)3-3(0.9)2+1] 6 + (-2(0.9)3+3(0.9)2) 5 + [(0.9)3-2(0.9)2+(0.9)] 0.5 + [(0.9)3-(0.9)2] -0.5 = 5.073
0.6 5.472 H(t) = [2(1)3-3(1)2+1] 6 + (-2(1)3+3(1)2) 5 + [(1)3-2(1)2+(1)] 0.5 + [(1)3-(1)2] -0.5 = 5

0.7 5.321
0.8 5.184
0.9 5.073
1 5
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1

t Y
0 7 H(t) = [2(0)3-3(0)2+1] 7 + (-2(0)3+3(0)2) 1 + [(0)3-2(0)2+(0)] -4 + [(0)3-(0)2] -3 = 7
H(t) = [2(0.1)3-3(0.1)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.1)3+3(0.1)2) 1 + [(0.1)3-2(0.1)2+(0.1)] -4 + [(0.1)3-(0.1)2] -3 = 6.535
0.1 6.535 H(t) = [2(0.2)3-3(0.2)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.2)3+3(0.2)2) 1 + [(0.2)3-2(0.2)2+(0.2)] -4 + [(0.2)3-(0.2)2] -3 = 5.96
H(t) = [2(0.3)3-3(0.3)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.3)3+3(0.3)2) 1 + [(0.3)3-2(0.3)2+(0.3)] -4 + [(0.3)3-(0.3)2] -3 = 5.305
0.2 5.96 H(t) = [2(0.4)3-3(0.4)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.4)3+3(0.4)2) 1 + [(0.4)3-2(0.4)2+(0.4)] -4 + [(0.4)3-(0.4)2] -3 = 4.6
0.3 5.305 H(t) = [2(0.5)3-3(0.5)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.5)3+3(0.5)2) 1 + [(0.5)3-2(0.5)2+(0.5)] -4 + [(0.5)3-(0.5)2] -3 = 3.875
H(t) = [2(0.6)3-3(0.6)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.6)3+3(0.6)2) 1 + [(0.6)3-2(0.6)2+(0.6)] -4 + [(0.6)3-(0.6)2] -3 = 3.16
0.4 4.6 H(t) = [2(0.7)3-3(0.7)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.7)3+3(0.7)2) 1 + [(0.7)3-2(0.7)2+(0.7)] -4 + [(0.7)3-(0.7)2] -3 = 2.485
H(t) = [2(0.8)3-3(0.8)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.8)3+3(0.8)2) 1 + [(0.8)3-2(0.8)2+(0.8)] -4 + [(0.8)3-(0.8)2] -3 = 1.88
0.5 3.875 H(t) = [2(0.9)3-3(0.9)2+1] 7 + (-2(0.9)3+3(0.9)2) 1 + [(0.9)3-2(0.9)2+(0.9)] -4 + [(0.9)3-(0.9)2] -3 = 1.375
0.6 3.16 H(t) = [2(1)3-3(1)2+1] 7 + (-2(1)3+3(1)2) 1 + [(1)3-2(1)2+(1)] -4 + [(1)3-(1)2] -3 = 1

0.7 2.485
0.8 1.88
0.9 1.375
1 1
2.-Grafique usando el método de Catmull-Rom, “t” se incrementa en razón de 0.1, utilice los puntos de control de arriba y
grafique sobre la misma hoja donde graficó la curva de Bézier del ejercicio 1.
P0(1,2) P1(2,8) P2(4,9) P3(6,7) P4(5,1)

Se obtienen los tensores con T(0) = (0.5)(P1-P0) T(1) = (0.5)(P2-P0) T(2) = (0.5)(P3-P1) T(3) = (P4-P2) T(4) =(P4-P3)
T0 = (0.5, 3) T1 = (1.5, 3.5) T2 = (2, -0.5) T3 = (0.5, -4) T4= (-0.5, -3)

H(t) = (2t3-3t2+1)P0 + (-2t3+3t2)P1 + (t3-2t2+t)T0 + (t3-t2)T1


t X Y TABLA 4
0 6 7
0.1 6.017 6.535
0.2 5.976 5.96
0.3 5.889 5.305
0.4 5.768 4.6
0.5 5.625 3.875
0.6 5.472 3.16
0.7 5.321 2.485
0.8 5.184 1.88
0.9 5.073 1.375
1 5 1
Laboratorio 6
Convierta la ecuación y2 = x3 + 2x2 – x a coordenadas polares.

𝑦 2 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ 𝑦 2 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1)
𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑦 2 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 + 1)
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑦𝑥 𝑦 2 + 1 = 𝑥[(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) − 1]
𝑟2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 𝑦 2 + 1 = 𝑥[(𝑥 + 1)2 − 1]
(𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃)2 + 1 = (𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)[(𝑟 cos 𝜃 + 1)2 − 1]

Grafique la curva r = 4 Sen 4w y conviértala a coordenadas cartesianas al final. “w” se debe de incrementar de 10 grados
en 10 grados. Puede usar la identidad de sen2w para la trasformación.

𝑟2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑤 = 𝑟 = 4 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑤 cos 2𝑤
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
𝑥 𝑟 = 8 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑤 cos 𝑤 1 − 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑤
cos 𝑤 = 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑟=8 2 1−2
2
𝑥 +𝑦 2 2
𝑥 +𝑦 2 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
2
16𝑥𝑦 𝑦
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 2 1−2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦2 𝑥 + 𝑦2
w r
0 0
10 2.571
20 3.939
30 3.464
40 1.368
50 -1.368
60 -3.464
70 -3.939
80 -2.571
90 0
100 2.571
110 3.939
120 3.464
130 1.368
140 -1.368
150 -3.464
160 -3.939
170 -2.571
Convierta la ecuación del plano 2x+2y-3z+4 = 0 a:
Ecuaciones esféricas
Ecuaciones cilíndricas

Esférica
𝑥 = 𝜌 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2 𝜌 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 2 𝜌 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 3 𝜌 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 + 4 = 0
𝑦 = 𝜌 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝜑 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 + 4 = 0
𝑧 = 𝜌 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 𝜑(2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑) = −4
−4
𝜌=
(2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑)

Cilíndrica
𝑥 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 2 𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 3𝑧 + 4 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 2𝑟 cos 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 3𝑧 − 4
𝑧=𝑧 3𝑧 − 4
𝑟=
2

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