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02 Hidráulica y Electricidad
02 Hidráulica y Electricidad
Basic Course
Course Basic Course
liquids
Hydraulic fluid in modern
machinery is in most cases oil
Energía hidráulica
El fluido hidrálico puede ser transmitido por medio de
tuberías o mangueras, similar a la corriente eléctrica a
través de cables.
La energía hidráulica puede ser utilizada para accionar
COMPONENTES BÁSICOS
cilindros hidráulicos, motores hidrálulicos, y válvulas. EN UN SISTEMA
HIDRÁULICO
Closed Open
Basic Course Basic Course
Convierte la energía
Bomba de hidráulica en energía
engranajes mecánica.
Enfriador hidráulico
Mantiente el aceite
hidráulico en un
rango de temperature ENERGY LOSS, CAVITATION,
de trabajo (50 – 80 Oil Cooler HYDRAULIC OIL, SAFETY
C°)
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Solutions:
Contamination from inside:
Prevent contamination
During “break-in” period
Work in a clean way!
Normal wear (metal on metal) Limit air to oil contact
By packings (dirt, paint particles) Clean cloths, tools, end nuts
Formation of “Oil sludge” Correct filters, regular maintenance
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SIMBOLOGÍA DE
COMPONENTES
HIDRÁULCOS
VÁLVULAS
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Tank
MANUAL
Tank
DE PALANCA
PEDAL
HIDRÁULICA
ELÉCTRICA
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Pilot pressure operated valve (4/3) Pilot pressure operated valve (4/3)
Pilot pressure
Pilot pressure Valve closed
Valve closed
Valve open Valve open
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LECTURA DE PLANOS
HIDRÁULICOS
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Make-up valve
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Basic Formulas
PRESSURE:
p(N/m2) = F(N)
BASIC FORMULAS A(m2)
1 N/m2 = 1 Pa
100.000 Pa = 1 bar
1.000.000 Pa = 1 MPa = 10 bar
Basic Course Basic Course
Question: What is the maximum theoretical oil Question: What is the Torque of an hydraulic
flow of an hydraulic pump that has a displacement pump that has a displacement of 100 cm3/rotation
of 100 cm3/rotation when the maximum engine when the delivery pressure is 200 bar?
speed is 2000 rpm? Answer: T(Nm) = 100 x 200 = 318 (Nm)
Answer: Q(l/min) = 100x2000 = 200 (l/min) 20 x
1000
HYDRAULIC POWER:
PQ-DIAGRAM
P(kW)=Δp(bar) x Q(l/min)
600
EXAMPLE:
Exercise:
P(kW) = Δp(bar) x Q(l/min) = 200 x 60 = 20 kW • Please calculate hydraulic power in the table below
600 600 • Draw the answers in the diagram
Q (L/min)
20
hydraulic power must be maintained at or below 20 kW
200 20 10
PQ-diagram p Q P
PQ-diagram
100 40 6,67 (kW)
P=6,67 (kW) P=6,67 (kW)
40 200 20 6,67 (kW) 40
400 10 6,67 (kW)
Line of Constant Power
30 30
Q (L/min) Q (L/min)
P=6,67 (kW) P=6,67 (kW)
20 20
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 P (bar) 0 100 200 300 400 P (bar)
P1
Engine Power*
*) Engine Power
always higher than P2 Average
Hydraulic Power Delivery Pressure
P1+P2
2
Pressure P2
P1+P2
2
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P1+P2
(P1+P2)2 2
Electrics
From Latin word ēlectricus
COMPONENTES An electric circuit is a combination of
electric components to perform a
HIDRÁULICOS Y useful task
Electric Current flows from Plus to
ELÉCTRICOS Minus
Long before any knowledge of electricity existed people were aware of shocks from
electric fishes. Texts from 2750 BC by the ancient Egyptians, referred to these fish
as "thunderer of the Nile", and were seen as the "protectors" of all the other fish.
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Wires (connected)
Diode
Earth or Mass
Transistor
Diode Transistor
_ +
C: Collector
E: Emitter
+ B: Base
Steering
Electrical
+ _
current
Main
Electrical
+ _
current
Solenoid
Electrics Hydraulics
Resistor Orifice
Resistor
Potentio meter Variable orifice
Basic Course Basic Course
Safety Devices
END