Cómo se construye el pasado perfecto simple

El pasado perfecto simple se construye con el verbo to have como auxiliar. En

este caso se usa el pasado, had, y a continuación el participio de pasado del
verbo correspondiente. Esta es la estructura:
Angela had worked in the factory for ten years
Sujeto + had + participio de pasado del verbo principal + resto de la frase.

 We had eaten all the cookies when she called – (Nostras/os) habíamos comido
todas las galletas cuando ella llamó.
Para construir la negación en pasado perfecto simple se inserta la
partícula not entre el had y el verbo principal en participio. Quedando así:
Sujeto + had + not + participio de pasado del verbo principal + resto de la
frase.
Pronoun + had+not+ verbo en participio + resto de la oración
 We had not/hadn’t eaten all the cookies when she called – (Nosotras/os) no nos
habíamos comido todas las galletas cuando ella llamó.
Recuerda que el had not se puede contraer, formando hadn’t.
Y para construir la interrogación en pasado perfecto simple, el had pasa a
encabezar la frase, colocándose antes del sujeto.
Had + sujeto + participio de pasado del verbo principal + resto de la frase +?

 Had we eaten all the cookies when she called? – (Nosotras/os) habíamos comido
todas las galletas cuándo ella llamó?
Ejercicios de pasado perfecto simple
Transforma a pasado perfecto simple el verbo entre paréntesis de las
siguientes frases:

1. Henry ___________ (study) English for five years before he visited us – Henry
(estudiar) inglés durante cinco años antes de visitarnos.
2. I ___________ (do not) my homework, so I was in trouble – Yo (no hacer) mis
deberes, así que estaba en problemas.
3. _______ we __________ (wait) for long before the plane arrived? – Nosotras/os
(esperar) mucho antes de que llegara el avión?
4. They ________ (sleep) just two hours when the baby woke them up – Ellas/os
(dormir) solo dos horas cuando el bebé les despertó
5. Mia __________ (save) the pictures before the camera died – Mia (guardar) las
fotos antes de que la cámara muriera.
 RESPUESTAS
1. Had studied
2. Hadn’t done
3. Had/waited
4. Had slept
5. Had saved

Uso
El pretérito pluscuamperfecto continuo o "past perfect
continuous" se usa para una acción que se estaba realizando u
ocurriendo en el pasado antes de otra acción ya pasada.

He had been repairing the car before they went.

Él había estado reparando el coche antes de que ellos se fueran.

El past perfect continuous se diferencia del "past perfect" en

que pone el énfasis en la acción en desarrollo, mientras que el
"past perfect" la contempla como acabada.

She had been crying when I found her.

Había estado llorando cuando la encontré (énfasis en la
duración de la acción).

She had cried when I found her.

Había llorado cuando la encontré (acción finalizada).

Formación del 'past perfect continuous'

 Afirmativo
Sujeto + had + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...
Forma corta Forma larga

I had been working I'd been working

You had been working You'd been working

He had been working He'd been working

She had been working She'd been working

It had been working It'd been working

We had been working We'd been working

You had been working You'd been working

They had been working They'd been working

I'd been cooking for you. Había estado cocinando para ti.

You had been reading since

Habías estado leyendo desde esta mañana.
this morning.

He'd been playing the piano. Había estado tocando el piano.

She had been living here. Había estado viviendo aquí.

It'd been ringing for ten

Había estado sonando durante diez minutos.
minutes.

We had been studying Maths. Habíamos estado estudiando matemáticas.

You'd been playing football. Habíais estado jugando al fútbol.

They had been riding a horse. Habían estado montando a caballo.

Negativo

El negativo tiene dos formas:

 Forma larga Sujeto + had + not + been + v. en forma -ing + ...

Forma corta Sujeto + hadn't + been + v. en forma -ing + ...

Forma larga Forma corta

I had not been working I hadn't been working

You had not been working You hadn't been working

He had not been working He hadn't been working

She had not been working She hadn't been working

It had not been working It hadn't been working

We had not been working We hadn't been working

You had not been working You hadn't been working

They had not been working They hadn't been working

I hadn't been painting your

No había estado pintando tu casa.
house.

You had not been teaching

No habías estado enseñándome nada.
me anything.

He hadn't been living here. No había estado viviendo aquí.

She had not been reading my

No había estado leyendo mi libro.
book.

It hadn't been raining since

No había estado lloviendo desde abril.
April.

We had not been playing

No habíamos estado jugando al fútbol.
football.

You had not been gardening

No habíais estado arreglando el jardín todo el día.
all day.

They hadn't been waiting for

No habían estado esperando dos horas.
two hours.

Ejemplos
 Interrogativo
Afirmativo
Had + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing
Negativo
Had Maria not been sleeping

Had + sujeto + not + been + verbo en forma -ing

Hadn't + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing

Hadnt Maria been sleeping

Afirmativo Negativo

Had I been working? Had I not been working? Hadn't I been working?

Had you been

Had you not been working? Hadn't you been working?
working?

Had he been
Had he not been working? Hadn't he been working?
working?

Had she been

Had she not been working? Hadn't she been working?
working?

Had it been working? Had it not been working? Hadn't it been working?

Had we been
Had we not been working? Hadn't we been working?
working?

Had you been

Had you not been working? Hadn't you been working?
working?

Had they been

Had they not been working? Hadn't they been working?
working?

Ejemplos
Had I been dancing for too
¿Había estado bailando mucho tiempo?
long?

When had you been learning

¿Cuándo habías estado aprendiendo kárate?
karate?

Had he not been drinking ¿No había estado bebiendo mucho?

too much?

Why had she been crying? ¿Por qué había estado llorando?

Had it been barking the

¿Había estado ladrando durante toda la noche?
whole night?

Hadn't we been driving

¿No habíamos estado conduciendo desde aquella mañana?
since that morning?

Had you been sleeping in

¿Habíais estado durmiendo en su casa?
their house?

Where had you been

¿Dónde habíais estado plantando las rosas nuevas?
planting new roses?

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