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Calcular el puente alcantarilla cajón cuya luz es de 5 m. y tiene 3 m de altura, para 2 fajas
de transito, y para el paso de camiones HS-25.
La características mecánicas de los materiales es la siguiente:
3
Peso Especifico Suelo γs = 1800 kp/m
Angulo de fricción f=30°
qadm= 0.6 kp/cm2 = 6000 kp/m2
𝐿 500𝑐𝑚
𝐻𝑚í𝑛 = = = 25𝑐𝑚
20 20
𝑆 + 10
𝐻𝑚í𝑛 =
30
5𝑚
𝑆= = 16.4𝑓𝑡
0.3048𝑚/𝑓𝑡
16.4𝑓𝑡 + 10
𝐻𝑚í𝑛 = = 0.88𝑓𝑡 = (0.88𝑓𝑡)(30.48𝑐𝑚) = 26.8𝑐𝑚
30
Espesor de muro
𝑒 = ℎ/12
300𝑐𝑚
𝑒= = 25𝑐𝑚
12
Utilizaremos un espesor de 30cm
Base
Rígideces Relativas
1
𝐾𝐴𝐵 = = 0.2
5
1
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = = 0.333
3
1
𝐾𝐶𝐷 = = 0.2
5
1
𝐾𝐴𝐷 = = 0.333
3
Factor de distribución
𝐾𝐴𝐵 0.2
𝐹𝐷𝐴𝐵 = = = 0.3752
𝐾𝐴𝐵 + 𝐾𝐴𝐷 0.2 + 0.3333
𝐾𝐴𝐵 0.2
𝐹𝐷𝐵𝐴 = = = 0.3752
𝐾𝐴𝐵 + 𝐾𝐵𝐶 0.2 + 0.3333
𝐾𝐵𝐶 0.333
𝐹𝐷𝐵𝐶 = = = 0.6248
𝐾𝐴𝐵 + 𝐾𝐵𝐶 0.2 + 0.3333
𝐾𝐵𝐶 0.333
𝐹𝐷𝐶𝐵 = = = 0.6248
𝐾𝐵𝐶 + 𝐾𝐶𝐷 0.2 + 0.3333
𝐾𝐶𝐷 0.2
𝐹𝐷𝐶𝐷 = = = 0.3752
𝐾𝐵𝐶 + 𝐾𝐶𝐷 0.2 + 0.3333
𝐾𝐶𝐷 0.2
𝐹𝐷𝐷𝐶 = = = 0.3752
𝐾𝐴𝐵 + 𝐾𝐶𝐷 0.2 + 0.3333
𝐾𝐶𝐷 0.2
𝐹𝐷𝐷𝐶 = = = 0.3752
𝐾𝐴𝐵 + 𝐾𝐶𝐷 0.2 + 0.3333
𝐾𝐴𝐷 0.333
𝐹𝐷𝐷𝐴 = = = 0.6248
𝐾𝐴𝐷 + 𝐾𝐷𝐶 0.2 + 0.3333
𝐾𝐴𝐷 0.333
𝐹𝐷𝐴𝐷 = = = 0.6248
𝐾𝐴𝐷 + 𝐾𝐴𝐵 0.2 + 0.3333
MOMENTOS DE EMPOTRAMIENTO
𝑊𝐿! (1452𝐾𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)!
𝑀𝐸𝐴𝐵 = = = 3025𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
12 12
𝑀𝐸𝐵𝐴 = −3025𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑊𝐿! (1452𝐾𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)!
𝑀𝐸𝐷𝐶 = = = 3025𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
12 12
𝑀𝐸𝐶𝐷 = −3025𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
MIEMBRO AD AB BA BC CB CD DC DA
K RELATIVA 0 0 0 0 0 0
FD 0.6248 0.3752 0.3752 0.6248 0.6248 0.3752 0.3752 0.6248
M.EMPOTRAMIENTO 0 3025 -3025 0 0 -3025 3025 0
DISTRIBUCIÓN -1890.02 -1134.98 1134.98 1890.02 1890.02 1134.98 -1134.98 -1890.02
TRANSPORTE -945.01 567.49 -567.49 945.01 945.01 -567.49 567.49 -945.01
DISTRIBUCIÓN235.874496 141.645504 -141.6455 -235.8745 -235.8745 -141.6455 141.645504 235.874496
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
Σ Momentos -2599.1555 2599.1555 -2599.1555 2599.1555 2599.1555 -2599.1555 2599.1555 -2599.1555
𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑥
𝐿
𝑊𝐿! (1452𝑘𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)!
𝑚= = = 4537.5𝐾𝑔 − 𝑚
8 8
(2599.155 + (−2599.155)
𝑀𝑥 = Y4537.5𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 2599.15𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + Z [\ (2.5𝑚)
5𝑚
(2599.155 + (−2599.155)
𝑀𝑥 = 4537.5𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 2599.15𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + Z 𝑥2.5𝑚[
5𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 1938.35𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
Cortante
𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑣 +
𝐿
𝑊𝑙 1452𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚(5𝑚)
𝑣= = = 3630𝑘𝑔
2 2
(2599.155 + (−2599.155)
𝑉𝑥 = 3630𝑘𝑔 + Z [
5𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 3630𝑘𝑔
Diagrama de Momentos
Se usa el camión tipo y no la carga equivalente por que esta este produce mayores
esfuerzos. Para una fila de ruedas el esquema del camión tipo queda definido de la siguiente
manera:
180KN= 18354.89kg en ambas llantas
45KN=2588.72kg
18354.89kg/2=9177.445kg
2588.72kg/2=1294.36kg
P1/E=1294.36kg/1.52m=851.55kg
P2/E=9177.445kg/1.52m=6037.79kg
MOMENTOS DE EMPOTRAMIENTO
𝑃𝐿 (6037.79𝐾𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)
𝑀𝐸𝐴𝐵 = = = 3776.31𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
8 8
𝑀𝐸𝐵𝐴 = −3776.31𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑊𝐿! (1184𝐾𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)!
𝑀𝐸𝐷𝐶 = − =− = 2466.67𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
12 12
𝑀𝐸𝐵𝐴 = +2466.67𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
MIEMBRO AD AB BA BC CB CD DC DA
K RELATIVA 0 0 0 0 0 0
FD 0.6248 0.3752 0.3752 0.6248 0.6248 0.3752 0.3752 0.6248
M.EMPOTRAMIENTO 0 3776.31 -3776.31 0 0 2466.67 -2466.67 0
DISTRIBUCIÓN-2359.4385 -1416.8715 1416.87151 2359.43849 -1541.1754 -925.49458 925.494584 1541.17542
TRANSPORTE770.587708 708.435756 -708.43576 -770.58771 1179.71924 462.747292 -462.74729 -1179.7192
DISTRIBUCIÓN-924.09386 -554.9296 554.929604 924.09386 -1026.2131 -616.25344 616.253444 1026.21309
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
TRANSPORTE
DISTRIBUCIÓN
Σ Momentos -2512.9446 2512.94464 -2512.9446 2512.94464 -1387.6693 1387.66926 -1387.6693 1387.66926
Losa AB
X=L/2=5/2=2.5m
𝑃𝑙 6037.79𝑘𝑔(5𝑚)
𝑚= = = 7547.23𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
4 4
𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑥
𝐿
2512.94𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + −2512.94𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 7547.23𝑘𝑔 − 2512.94𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + (2.5)
5
𝑀𝑥 = 5034.35𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
Losa DC
X=L/2=5/2=2.5m
𝑊𝐿! (1184𝑘𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)!
𝑚= =
8 8
𝑚 = 3700𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑥
𝐿
1387.66𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 1387.66𝐾𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 3700𝑘𝑔 − (1387.66𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚) + (2.5)
5
𝑀𝑥 = 2312.34𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
CortanteAB
𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑣 +
𝐿
𝑃 6037.79𝑘𝑔
𝑣= = = 3018.85𝑘𝑔
2 2
(2512.94 + (−2512.94𝑘𝑔)
𝑉𝑥 = 3018.85 + Z [
5𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 3018.85𝑘𝑔
Cortante CD
𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑣 +
𝐿
𝑊𝑙 1184𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚(5𝑚)
𝑣= = = 2960𝑘𝑔
2 2
(1387.66 + (−1387.66)
𝑉𝑥 = 2960𝑘𝑔 + Z [
5𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 2960𝑘𝑔
Impacto
15 15
𝐼= = = 0.348 > 0.3
𝐿𝑐 + 38 5 + 38
Empuje activo
Angulo de fricción interna∅= 30°
1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅
𝐾𝑎 =
1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛∅
1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛30°
𝐾𝑎 =
1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛30°
𝐾𝑎 = 0.33333
𝐸𝑎 = 1/2𝐾𝑎𝛾" ℎ!
La altura total del puente es de 3m, pero se considerara 3.6m para incluir elefecto que
genera el terrraplen en el puente.
𝐸𝑎 = 1/2𝐾𝑎𝛾" ℎ!
𝐸𝑎 = 1/2(0.3333)(1800𝑘𝑔/𝑚3)(3.6𝑚)!
𝐸𝑎 = 3887.6112𝑘𝑔
Momento de Empotramiento
𝑃𝑎𝑏 ! 3887.61𝑘𝑔(1.2𝑚)(1.8𝑚)!
𝑀𝐷𝐴 = ! = = 1679.44𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝐿 (3𝑚)!
𝑃𝑎𝑏 ! 3887.61𝑘𝑔(1.2𝑚)(1.8𝑚)!
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = = − = −1679.44𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝐿! (3𝑚)!
𝑊𝐿! (600𝑘𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)!
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = − =− = −12500𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
12 12
𝑊𝐿! (600𝑘𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)!
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = = = 12500𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
12 12
Losa AD=BC
𝑃𝑎𝑏
𝑚=
𝐿
(3887.61𝑘𝑔)(1.2𝑚)(1.8𝑚)
𝑚=
(3𝑚)
𝑚 = 2799.08𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
X=1m de D
AD
𝑀𝐴𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐴
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐷𝐴 + 𝑥
𝐿
𝑀𝐴𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐴
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐷𝐴 + 𝑥
𝐿
979.4541056𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + 9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 2799.08𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + ( )(1𝑚)
3
𝑀𝑥 = −3434.21𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
BC a 2m de B
𝑀𝐵𝐶 + 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐵𝐶 + 𝑥
𝐿
−979.4541056𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 2799.08𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + 979.4541056𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + ( )(2𝑚)
3
𝑀𝑥 = −3434.21𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑊𝐿!
𝑚=
8
6000𝑘𝑔/𝑚! (5𝑚)!
𝑚=
8
𝑚 = 18750𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑥
𝐿
9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + (−9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚)
𝑀𝑥 = 18750𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + (2.5𝑚)
5𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 8910.33𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
CortanteAD=BC, NUDO D Y C
𝑀𝐷𝐴 + 𝑀𝐴𝐷
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑣 +
𝐿
𝑃𝑏 3887.61𝑘𝑔(2𝑚)
𝑣𝐷𝐴 = 𝑣𝐶𝐵 = = = 2591.74𝑘𝑔
𝐿 3𝑚
(9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + 979.4541056𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚)
𝑉𝑥 = 2591.74𝑘𝑔 + Z [
3𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 6198.11𝑘𝑔
, NUDO A Y B
𝑀𝐷𝐴 + 𝑀𝐴𝐷
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑣 +
𝐿
𝑃𝑎 3887.61𝑘𝑔(1𝑚)
𝑣𝐴𝐷 = 𝑣𝐵𝐶 = = = 1295.87𝑘𝑔
𝐿 3𝑚
(9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + 979.4541056𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚)
𝑉𝑥 = 1295.87 + Z [
3𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 4902.24𝑘𝑔
Cortante de DC
𝑤𝐿 (6000𝑘𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)
𝑣𝐷𝐶 = 𝑣𝐶𝐷 = = = 15000𝑘𝑔
2 2
(−9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + 9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚)
𝑉𝑥 = 15000𝑘𝑔 + Z [
5𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 15000𝑘𝑔
𝐸𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 1/2𝛾𝐻!
𝐸𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 = 2205𝑘𝑔/𝑚
𝑞𝑒 = 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚# (1𝑚)(5𝑚)
𝑞𝑒 = 5000𝑘𝑔/𝑚
Momento de empretamiento
2205𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑎𝑏 ! (2.3𝑚)! (0.7𝑚)
𝑀𝐷𝐴 = − ! = − 𝑚 = −907.23𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝐿 (3𝑚)!
2205𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑎! 𝑏 (0.7𝑚)! (2.3𝑚)
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = − ! = 𝑚 = −276.115𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝐿 (3𝑚)!
2205𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑎𝑏 ! (2.3𝑚)! (0.7𝑚)
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = ! = 𝑚 = 907.23𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝐿 (3𝑚)!
𝑊𝐿! (5000𝑘𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)!
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = + = = 10416.67𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
12 12
5000𝑘𝑔 !
𝑊𝐿! Z 𝑚 [ (5𝑚)
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = − = = −10416.67𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
12 12
Cross
Losa AD
X=0.7m de D
𝑃𝑎𝑏
𝑚=
𝐿
(2205𝑘𝑔𝑘𝑔)(0.7𝑚)(2.3𝑚)
𝑚=
(3𝑚)
𝑚 = 1183.35𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐴𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐴
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐴𝐷 + 𝑥
𝐿
−896.93𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 7865.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 1183.35𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + 896.93𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + ( )(2.3𝑚)
3
𝑀𝑥 = −4637.21𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐶 + 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑥
𝐿
896.93𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + 7865.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 1183.35𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 7865.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + ( )(0.7𝑚)
3
𝑀𝑥 = −4637.21𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
Losa DC. X=L/2= 5M/2= 2.5M
𝑊𝐿!
𝑚=
8
5000𝑘𝑔/𝑚(5𝑚)!
𝑚=
8
𝑚 = 15625𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑚 − 𝑀𝐷𝐶 + 𝑥
𝐿
7865.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + (−7865.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚)
𝑀𝑥 = 15625𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 7865.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + (2.5𝑚)
5𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 7759.945𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
Cortante
Losa AD=BC, NUDO A y B
𝑀𝐴𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐴
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑣 +
𝐿
𝑃𝑎 2205(0.7𝑚)
𝑣𝐴𝐷 = 𝑣𝐵𝐶 = = = 514.5𝑘𝑔
𝐿 3𝑚
Esfuerzo cortante
(−896.93𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + (−7865.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚)
𝑉𝐴𝐷 = 𝑉𝐵𝐶 = 514.5𝑘𝑔 + e f
3𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = −2406.14𝑘𝑔
, NUDO A Y B
𝑀𝐷𝐴 + 𝑀𝐴𝐷
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑣 +
𝐿
𝑃𝑏 2205𝑘𝑔(1𝑚)
𝑣𝐷𝐴 = 𝑣𝐶𝐵 = = = 1690.5𝑘𝑔
𝐿 3𝑚
(−7865.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + −896.93𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚)
𝑉𝑥 = 1690.5𝑘𝑔 + Z [
3𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = −1230.14𝑘𝑔
Cortante de DC
𝑤𝐿 (5000𝑘𝑔/𝑚)(5𝑚)
𝑣𝐷𝐶 = 𝑣𝐶𝐷 = = = 12500𝑘𝑔
2 2
(9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 + (−9839.66517𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚)
𝑉𝑥 = 12500𝑘𝑔 + Z [
5𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 12500𝑘𝑔
Cálculo de refuerzo
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.0018𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.0018(100𝑐𝑚)(22.5𝑐𝑚)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 4.05𝑐𝑚!
𝑀𝑢 = 1174445.05𝑘𝑔 − 𝑐𝑚
Peralte (cm) 30
recubrimiento(cm) 7.5
Peralte efectivo(cm) 22.5
bw (m) 1
Bf (m) 1
Momento negativo
Momento 1
Mu (kg-m) 11744.45
Mu (kg-cm) 1174445
Mu/∅bdf´cd2 0.10310628
Indice de refuerzo
w 0.11028192
porciento de refuerzo
ρ 0.0065644
ρmin 0.00333
ρ 0.0065644
As (cm2) 14.7699004
Varillas No 5 @ 12 cm
Peralte (cm) 30
recubrimiento(cm) 7.5
Peralte efectivo(cm) 22.5
bw (m) 1
Bf (m) 1
Momento positivo
Momento 1
Mu (kg-m) 18001.58
Mu (kg-cm) 1800158
Mu/∅bdf´cd2 0.15803856
Indice de refuerzo
w 0.17639693
porciento de refuerzo
ρ 0.01049982
ρmin 0.00333
ρ 0.01049982
As (cm2) 23.6245888
Se propone varilla No. 6
Varillas No 6 @ 12 cm