Wuolah Free UNIT 8 NEW

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Pedagoga
Inglés B1
1º Idiomas
Idiomas
Reservados todos los derechos.

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
UNIT 8. It’s your environment
GRAMMAR
THE FIRST CONDITIONAL
Las oraciones del primer condicional hablan sobre una posible acción futura o un acontecimiento que puede
ocurrir. Do you watch much TV?
Not really. I’ll watch much more if cable television reaches my neighbourhood.

Cualquiera de las dos oraciones puede ir en primer lugar, pero si la oración subordinada con if va en posición
inicial debe ir seguida de una coma.
We’re very busy today. We’ll need more help tomorrow. Do you have any idea who can help?-
If Tom doesn’t come in too late, he’ll be able to help.
If + Present + Future
If you hurry, we’ll catch the bus
If you don’t hurry, we’ll miss the bus
OTHERS LINKERS.
UNLESS
Unless se suele emplear en lugar de if not.
Nota: Unless generalmente indica una excepción a lo que se dice. Cuando se usa unless, no se usa if not:
We won´t go out if it doesn’t stop raining.
PROVIDED / PROVIDING / AS LONG AS : “Siempre y cuando”: I’ll come providing that I’m not
working that day. You can have some chocolate as long as you clean your teeth afterwards.
IN CASE: “En el caso de que”
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-4389397
IF –PRESENT, RESULT – PRESENT / IMPERATIVE / MODAL
Una oración condicional puede también referirse a una idea general, a hechos o acciones automáticas o
resultados habituales. The price of oil goes up if there is a shortage. Aquí, if puede ser sustituido por when
/ whenever, ya que el hecho de que el precio suba es algo que siempre ocurre en este caso.
A. El imperativo puede usarse también en la oración principal. Ex. If you are tired, go to bed!
También es posible emplear los verbos modales (can, must, may, etc.) en la oración principal. If you are
hungry, you can make yourself a sandwich.
THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
A. Estas frases hablan de un caso hipotético. Ex. I have no idea where he’s living now. I would (I’d) call
him if I had his phone number.

B. A veces se utilizan para dar un consejo. Ex. You look ill. If I were you. I would (I’d) see your doctor.
C. Para expresar futuras esperanzas o ambiciones. Ex. If I won a lottery, I would (I’d) buy a yacht.
D. A veces la condición es posible pero no es fácil que ocurra, estas oraciones frecuentemente
expresan una situación que es contraria al estado actual de las cosas.
E. En inglés más formal, se emplea were para todas las personas del verbo to be. Ex. If I were a rich
man, I would travel around the world.
F. En inglés menos formal el verbo to be se conjuga normalmente, excepto en la frase: “If I were
you…”
La subordinada con if y la principal se pueden colocar indistintamente al principio o al final, pero si if va al

principio debemos poner una coma.
If + Past + would + root of the verb
If I touched this switch, the electricity would go off.
THE FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL
A. El primer condicional suele referirse al futuro, mientras que el segundo suele referirse al presente.
If I pass the maths exam next web, I will be delighted. (futuro). - If I had a car, I would take a trip up
north. (situación presente: no tengo coche).
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B. Muchas veces el que habla puede usar el primero o el segundo condicional en la misma situación,
dependiendo de qué es lo que quiere subrayar.
If we buy this house, we’ll have to remodel the kitchen. (planes para el futuro, más posibilidad de que
ocurra).
If we bought this house, we would have to remodel the kitchen. (seguramente no compre la casa por
ello)
C. Los modales could y might pueden utilizarse en el segundo condicional en lugar de would en la
oración principal. En este caso sería mucho más improbable que el resultado tuviese lugar.
D. El modal could puede usarse como pasado de can en la oración subordinada con if. Ex. If she could
run five more kilometres, she would get into the Guinness Book of Records.

THE THIRD CONDITIONAL
Este tipo de condicional habla del pasado y acerca de las oraciones que nunca podrá cumplirse (porque ya
se ha acabado el tiempo). Ex. Tina didn’t wear a nice dress. She didn’t look very good. (situación).
If Tina had worn a nicer dress, she would have looked better. We were late because the alarm clock didn’t
go off. (situación). We wouldn’t have been late if the alarm clock had gone off.
Tanto would como had puede abreviarse en ‘d. Ex. If he’d been (had been) at the party last week, I’d have
seen (would have seen) him.
If + Past perfect + would have + participle
If I have studied, I would have passed my exam.
THE THIRD CONDITIONAL WITH MODALS OTHER THAN WOULD
Podemos emplear might have y could have (en lugar de would have) en la oración principal (la que expresa
el resultado) para dar un ligero cambio de sentido.
Tom might have gone to the rock concert if he had known about it in time. (quizás hubiera ido).
The Johnsons couldn’t have bought their new car if Mrs Johnson hadn’t got a pay rise. (no hubieran
podido comprarlo).

STOP AND THINK!
¿Qué hacemos cuando ponemos en estilo indirecto las oraciones condicionales?
A. El primer condicional queda en estilo indirecto con los mismos tiempos que si fuera el segundo
condicional.
“I you come tomorrow, I won’t be home,” she said to Dan.
She said to Dan that if he came the following day, she wouldn’t be home.
B. El Segundo y el tercer condicional no cambian en estilo indirecto.
“If I were you, I’d go to the party,” he said. - He said that if he were me, he’d go to the party.
“I we had sold our house last year, we would have made a profit,” Maria told her friend.
Maria told her friend that if they had sold their house the previous year, they would have mead a

profit.
1. Choose the correct form to complete the sentences.

1. If we go / ‘ll go to the Arctic next month, we’ll buy lots of warm clothes.
2. If I see / saw a polar bear, I’d take some photos.
3. If you visit Canada, you can ride / could have ridden on a dog sledge.
4. If global warming continues, the polar ice caps will / would melt.
5. If the sea didn’t freeze / hadn’t frozen this year, the polar bears wouldn’t have gone hunting for
seals.
6. When polar bears swim, they don’t feel / didn’t feel cold as they have thick fur.
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I can’t do my project on pandas unless I …….…..(find) enough information.
2. If you went to China, …..(you / visit) a panda reserve?
3. If you ………………..(give) money to an environmental charity, you help the environment.
4. There are around 1000 pandas left, so they will become extinct unless they ………………..(have) a
conservation project.
5. Pandas ………………..(not / be) endangered if they had more food to eat.
6. If we ………………..(arrive) earlier, the panda conservation centre would have been open.

3. Complete the text with these words.
Couldn’t didn’t do have if unless when wouldn’t
HAPPY FEET!
Has a film ever changed your life? If Angela Davis hadn’t seen the film Happy Feet, she wouldn’t 1)
_______________ become interested in ‘green’ issues. Angela raises hundreds of pounds a year for an
environmental charity. ‘If we all 2) _______________ simple things like save electricity and recycle
stuff, we and reduce global warming.’ Explains Angela. “·)_______________ you care about animals,

you’ll save them,’ she adds.
Angela is fascinated by penguins. ‘Did you know that each penguin has a unique “song”?’ she asks. ‘If
penguins 4) _______________ recognize each other’s voices, they wouldn’t be able to find their
families because they all look the same! Penguins are clever in other ways too. 5) _______________
there is a snowstorm, penguins huddle together in large groups. They wouldn’t survive the winter if they 6)
_______________ do this. 7) _______________ we take action to reduce global warming, the
polar ice caps will meet.
Since Happy Feet, penguins have become a symbol of climate change. Angela believes this is a good thing. If
we didn’t use photos of cute animals, we 8) _______________ raise as much money to help them.’
READING
1. Read the holiday brochures and choose the best answer, A, B, C, or D
1. In which place are the animals’ young most at risk?
A 1 B2 C3 D4
2. Which holiday offers an extra excursion?
A2 B3 C4 D5
3. Which trip focuses on creatures which live in the ocean?
A2 B3 C4 D5
4. Which holidays involve unpaid employment?
A 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 C 4 and 5 D 1 and 4
5. Which holidays are only offered at certain times of the year?
6. Which holiday requires an additional fee to be paid?
A1 B2 C3 D4
7. Which holidays offer extra activities?
8. In which place have the animals been saved from an unnatural environment?
A1 B2 C3 D4
9. On which holidays did the travelers report new facts about the animals they’d seen?
10. Which holiday provides an opportunity to stay near local people?
A1 B2 C3 D4
2. Find words or phrases in the brochures that have the same meaning as:
1. about (section 1)
2. squashed (section 1)
3. provide money for (section 2)
4. help (section 3)

5. saved (section 3)
6. pass (section 4)
7. come together (section 5)
8. single (section 5)

VOCABULARY
1. Complete the sentences with these words.
Accommodation conservation donate maintenance pollution protect reduce
survival volunteer
1. A ………………..is a person who works for no pay.
2. To ………….….. is to give money or help to someone/something.
3. To …………….. is to stop something being damaged.
4. ………………..is damage caused to air or water by harmful waste
5. ………………..is the work necessary to keep something in good condition.
6. To ………………..is to make an amount smaller.

7. ………………..is the protection of natural things.
8. ………………..is when something continues to exist.
9. ………………..is a place to live or stay.
2. Match the words from the first text to the meanings below.
1. Wilderness 4. Urban
2. Glacier 5. Bay
3. Rural 6. Ice cap
a. The huge area of ice around the North or South Pole

b. Relating to a town or city
c. A large mass of ice in a mountain valley
d. A large, natural area of land which has not been built on

e. Relating to the countryside rather than the city
f. A part of the sea that is partly enclosed by a curve in the land
3. Complete the sentences with words from exercises 1 and 2.

1. I would prefer to live in a(n) ………………..area rather than an urban area.
2. On our holiday, the ………………..was in small, wooden huts.
3. Traffic is a major source of ………………..in our cities.
4. The Arctic is a huge area of icy………………..
5. Endangered animals depend on people for their ………………..
6. Global warming will ………………..the size of polar ice caps.
7. I’d love to be a(n) ………………..and I don’t mind working for no money.
8. There’s a beautiful ………………..near there where you can go swimming in the summer.
4. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1. The tiger is already a wilderness / an endangered species.
2. Zoos can help animals survive but it is best if they can stay in their wildlife / natural habitat.
3. One of the effects of global / international warming is that polar ice caps are melting.
4. Carbon dioxide is a green / greenhouse gas because it warms the atmosphere.
5. People / Human activity often damages other species’ natural environment.
6. A plan to help the environment is called a conservation / reservation project.

7. There are many things to consider if you want an environmentally- friendly/kind holiday.
8. Rare animals often survive best in wilderness parks / regions.
9. Feeding / Breeding grounds are areas where wild animals find their food.
10. Self-catering / Self-confident accommodation is a place where you provide your own meals.
LISTENING
1. Listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false)
1. Dino’s father was a barber in Greece.

2. When he came to the UK he worked for VidalSassoon for two years.
3. He does a wide variety of hair treatments.
4. He thinks it’s important for hairdressers to be sociable.
5. He thinks men get just as stressed about their hair as women.
6. It’s easy to fix a mistake in hair colour.
7. A woman once got very upset with him because he cut her hair very short.
8. Dino would never say no to a client’s request.
9. He thinks to have good hair you need to go to a good hairdresser.
SESSON 2
GRAMMAR:
WISH CLAUSES
FORMA USOS EJEMPLOS
Expresa un deseo en el presente I wish I had a computer (Ojalá
tuviera un ordenador)
Wish + Past
Se refiere a una situación actual que no I wish Susan were in love with
Simple
nos gusta y quisiéramos cambiar me. (Ojalá Susan estuviera
enamorada de mí).
Se refiere al pasado I wish I had switched off my
mobile phone. (Ojalá hubiera
Wish + Past
apagado el móvil)
Perfect
Expresa pesar o lamento por una acción I wish he hadn’t called me. (Ojalá
pasada no me hubiera llamado).
Se refiere al futuro I wish I could go with them. (Ojalá
pueda / pudiera ir con ellos).
Expresa insatisfacción con la situación I wish she would call me. (Ojalá
Wish + could / me llame / llamara ella)
actual y el deseo de que mejore en el
would.
futuro.
Nota: wish + would sólo se usa si hay

dos sujetos distintos.
El verbo wish va seguido directamente de una oración subordinada porque la conjunción that se
ha omitido. Equivale al castellano “ojalá” + subjuntivo.
En el cuadro se pueden ver los tiempos verbales que lo siguen y sus distintos significados. Para
aprender a usar esta estructura, fíjate en los ejemplos del cuadro y en estos.

I wish I were home . (Ojalá estuviera en casa.)
I wish you went to my school. (Ojalá fueras a mi instituto)
I wish you were able to help me. (Ojalá me pudieras ayudar).
I wish I could drive. (Ojalá supiera conducir.)
I wish he would stop talking. (Ojalá deje / dejara de hablar).
Were es la única forma del verbo to be que se usa para expresar deseos sobre el presente. (Es un
resto del subjuntivo.)
If only es como I wish, pero se usa para expresar un deseo muy fuerte o mucho pesar por lo
ocurrido.
If only you were here if only I had studied harder. If only he had passed the test.
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. I wish I …………………(have) worked harder in my ICT lessons.
2. I wish I …………………(can) be an international footballer.
3. If only you ……………(will) concentrate harder in your lessons.
4. I wish my brother …………………(will / not) play on the PlayStation all evening!
5. If only I …………………(can) get a place in a theatre school!
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2. Read what Sara thinks about herself, then write what she says to her best friend.
1. I’m very shy. – I wish I weren’t so shy!
2. I’d like to have acting lessons.
3. I want people to stop ignoring me.
4. I’m not very confident.
5. I’d love to be a successful actress.
6. I want to take part in the school show.
3. Complete the review with one word which best fits each gap.
ERAGON
Do you ever whish you 1) …………………an author? Have you ever thought: ‘If only I 2) …………………write a
fabulous best-selling novel?’ For Christopher Paolini, that wish came true when he was only seventeen and
his first book, 3) …………………was called Eragon, was published. 4) …………………it took years of hard

work and determination to realize this dream.
Christopher, 5) …………………parents are both authors, never intended to become an author. Eragon, which
is the story of a boy 6) …………………finds a shining blue dragon’s egg, was originally an idea for a movie.
He wrote the plans for it 7) …………………he was only fifteen. After he 8) …………………left school, he spent
many hours a day writing. When he read the final manuscript, he was very disappointed! Luckily, his parents
gave him plenty of good advice and he rewrote the book, 9) …………………took another year! His parents
decided to publish the book themselves, and Christopher did all the maps and illustrations. Christopher
wishes that people 10) …………………read more books. 11) …………………are many different forms of
entertainment available these days, but he points out that books ‘can take you deeper 12)
…………………another person’s thoughts and feelings than any other media’.
WRITING: CHOSE ONE OF THE TWO WRITINGS

WRITING A
PART 1
Fill in the form.
1. What’s your favourite language?
2. Have you ever been abroad?
3. What’s your favourite city?
11
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4. Do you like sightseeing?
5. Where would you like to go?
PART 2
You have enrolled in the ‘Conversational German Course’. Fill in the form with complete
sentences. Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes.
NEW STUDENT FORM

Please tell us the days and times you can come, as well as topics you would like to discuss.
PART 3
You are a new student in the ‘Conversational German Course’ and you are in the chat room. You are
talking to Heather, an old student in this course. Talk to her using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40
words per answer. You have 10 minutes.

Heather: Hello! Are you a new student? I started three months ago because I want to go to work in
Germany. Why are you studying German?
You:
Heather: What do you think about the course?

You:
Heather: How do you feel about the fact that none of our teachers is native?
You:
PART 4
You are studying German in the ‘Conversational German Course’. After your last lesson
you saw the notice below:
We are sorry to inform you that from next week we need to change the time of the lessons: now they will
be held every Thursday and Friday from 15.00 to 18.00. If you have any comments or suggestions, please
feel free to email us at studentsupport@german.com
12

Write an e-mail to a fellow-student explaining what has happened. Write your feelings about the message
you received and suggest possible alternatives. Write about 50 words. You have 10 minutes.
Now, write an email to the language school management, showing your disagreement with the situation
and asking for solutions and compensations. Write about 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.
WRITING B
Correspondence

Write a letter to the editor of an international environmental publication explaining how your country’s
environment is being damaged by business activities. Express your feelings about the situation and
emphasise the need for government action.
Factual writing.
Your area has been suffering from the effects of pollution. Write a report for an environmental committee
explaining how the local landscape and lives of residents have been negatively affected by pollution. Make
some suggestions to improve the situation.
LISTENING
1. Listen to people talking in six different situations and choose the best answer, A, B or C
(2.4)
1. You hear the beginning of a radio programme. Who is the presenter going to interview?
a. An environmentalist
b. A tour guide
c. A biologist
2. A man is giving some advice to a group of people. Where are they?
a. On a boat
b. In a hotel
c. On a beach
3. A teacher is asking her class about transport to school. What is the girl’s opinion?
a. She’s fed up with other kids.
b. She thinks more people should walk to school
c. She wants teachers to share their cars.
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4. You hear a woman who has been doing volunteer work for an international organization. How
did she feel about her trip?
a. Happy and satisfied
b. Nervous and shy
c. Amused but tired
5. You hear a girl talking. What is her main reason for preferring the countryside?
a. She thinks the city is boring.
b. She thinks the city is too noisy.
c. She doesn’t think there are enough animals in the city.
6. A boy is talking about transport improvements in his area. What is the main reason why he is
pleased about the changes?
a. The new trams are quick and efficient.
b. His health has improved.

c. The air quality is much better.
SESSON 3 SPEAKING
TRINITY: PRACTICE THE EXAM
FASHION
1. What are some of the strangest fashions you have seen?
2. What colors do you think look good on you?
3. What colors do you think look good on your mother?
4. What did you wear yesterday?
5. What do you think of body piercing?
a. Do you have pierced ears?
b. Do you know anyone with a pierced nose?
c. Would you ever pierce your tongue?
6. What do you think of people who dye their hair green?
7. What do you think of women who wear high heel shoes?
a. Do you think high heel shoes are bad for a person's health?
8. What fashions that you see today do you think will be out of fashion within two years?
9. What is your shoe size?
10. What kind of clothes are in fashion now?
11. What kind of clothes do you usually wear?
14

12. What's the most expensive piece of clothing you have ever bought?
13. What's your favorite color for shoes?
14. When was the last time you got dressed up?
a. Why?
b. How often do you get dressed up?
c. Do you like to get dressed up?
15. Where are some good stores to buy clothes in this area?
16. Where do you usually buy clothes?
17. Would you like to be a fashion model?
APTIS:
PART 1
Where do you live?

Tell me about your favourite singer
What kind of music do you like?
PART 2
Describe this picture
• Do you think picnics are fun?

• What are some ways of passing time with your family?
15

PART 3
Compare these pictures
• What would it be like to work on these farms?
• Which method of farming is better for the community?
PART 4
1. Talk about an important event in your life.
2. How did the event make you feel when it happened?
3. How do events bring people together?
LISTENING
1. You’re going to hear a talk about basketball. You will hear the talk twice. As you listen,
write down some notes about what you hear, if you want to. Then, I will ask you six
questions on some facts about basketball. Are you ready?
The task will play twice.
Now I will ask you some questions. You only need to answer in a few words.
16

2. You’re going to hear a short talk about science. You will hear the talk twice. The first time,
just listen. Then I’ll ask you to tell me in a few words what the speaker is talking about. Are
you ready?
Now listen to the talk again. Write down some notes about what you hear, if you want to.
Then I’ll ask you to tell me six pieces of information about how children learn to speak. Are you
ready?
READING
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Reservados todos los derechos.

If Tom doesn’t come in too late, he’ll be able to help.

If you hurry, we’ll catch the bus

If you don’t hurry, we’ll miss the bus

Unless se suele emplear en lugar de if not.

IN CASE: “En el caso de que”

THE SECOND CONDITIONAL

Reservados todos los derechos.

La subordinada con if y la principal se pueden colocar indistintamente al principio o al final, pero si if va al

If + Past + would + root of the verb

If I touched this switch, the electricity would go off.

THE FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL

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Reservados todos los derechos.

If + Past perfect + would have + participle

If I have studied, I would have passed my exam.

THE THIRD CONDITIONAL WITH MODALS OTHER THAN WOULD

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¿Qué hacemos cuando ponemos en estilo indirecto las oraciones condicionales?

B. El Segundo y el tercer condicional no cambian en estilo indirecto.

Reservados todos los derechos.

1. Choose the correct form to complete the sentences.

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Couldn’t didn’t do have if unless when wouldn’t

Reservados todos los derechos.

Reservados todos los derechos.

Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

a. The huge area of ice around the North or South Pole

Reservados todos los derechos.

3. Complete the sentences with words from exercises 1 and 2.

4. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

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Reservados todos los derechos.

Nota: wish + would sólo se usa si hay

Reservados todos los derechos.

I wish you went to my school. (Ojalá fueras a mi instituto)

I wish you were able to help me. (Ojalá me pudieras ayudar).

I wish I could drive. (Ojalá supiera conducir.)

I wish he would stop talking. (Ojalá deje / dejara de hablar).

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Reservados todos los derechos.

WRITING: CHOSE ONE OF THE TWO WRITINGS

1. What’s your favourite language?

2. Have you ever been abroad?

3. What’s your favourite city?

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5. Where would you like to go?

NEW STUDENT FORM

Reservados todos los derechos.

Heather: What do you think about the course?

feel free to email us at studentsupport@german.com

Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

Reservados todos los derechos.

Reservados todos los derechos.

Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

Reservados todos los derechos.

• Do you think picnics are fun?

Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

Reservados todos los derechos.