Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
6
6
6-50. Determine la fuerza desarrollada en cada elemento de la armadura espacial e indique si los elementos
están en tensión o en compresión. La caja tiene un peso de 150 lb.
⎛ -1 ⋅ i + 2j + 2 sin ((60°)) ⋅ k ⎞
Fca = ‾‾‾‾
FCA ⎜―――――――― ⎟
⎜⎝ ‾‾
8 ⎟⎠
FCD = -‾‾‾‾
FCD ⋅ j
W = -150 ⋅ k
∑ Fx = 0 ∑ Fy = 0 ∑ Fz = 0
FBA = FBA ⋅ i
∑ Fx = 0 ∑ Fy = 0 ∑ Fz = 0
⎡ FBA + FBD ⋅ cos ((60°)) = 43.3 ⎤ solve , FBA , FBD ⎡ 43.3 ⋅ sin ((60.0 ⋅ deg)) - 75.0 ⋅ cos ((60.0 ⋅ deg)) 7
⎢⎣ ⎥ ―――――― → ⎢ ――――――――――――― ――
FBD ⋅ sin ((60°)) = 75 ⎦ ⎣ sin ((60.0 ⋅ deg)) sin ((60
⎛3⎞ ⎛3⎞
∑ Fx = 0 FAC ⎜―⎟ - FAD ⎜―⎟ = 0 ecuación 1
⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠
FAC = FAD
⎛4⎞ ⎛4⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
∑ Fy = 0 FAC ⎜―⎟ + FAD ⎜―⎟ - 6.462 ⎜―― ⎟ = 0 ecuación
⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠ ‾‾
⎜⎝ 29 ⎟⎠
FAC + FAD = 3
Usando la ecuación 1 y la ecuación 2 tenemos que
FBC = FBD
ecuación 4
⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
∑ Fz = 0 FBC ⎜―― ⎟ + FBD ⎜―― ⎟ - 6.462 ⎜―― ⎟=0
⎜⎝ ‾‾
38 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ‾‾
38 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ‾‾
29 ⎟⎠
tenemos que:
⎛ ⎛ 2 ⎞⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
2 ⎜3.699 ⎜―― ⎟⎟ + 6.462 ⎜―― ⎟ - FBE = 0
∑ Fy = 0 ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ ‾‾
38 ⎟⎠⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ‾‾
29 ⎟⎠
⎡ ⎛ ⎛ 2 ⎞⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎤ solve , FBE
⎢2 ⎜3.699 ⎜―― ⎟⎟ + 6.462 ⎜―― ⎟ - FBE = 0 ⎥ ―――― → 4.800154697650980794 = 4.8
⎢⎣ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ ‾‾
38 ⎟⎠⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ‾‾
29 ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
2 2 solve , FGD
ΣFX ≔ 0 ―― ⋅ FGD - ―― ⋅ FGC = 0 ―――→ FGC FGD = FGC = F
‾‾
5 ‾‾
5
1 1 solve , F
ΣFY ≔ 0 ―― ⋅ F + ―― ⋅ F - 4 = 0 ――― → 2 ⋅ ‾‾
5 F ≔ 2 ⋅ ‾‾
5 kN
‾‾
5 ‾‾
5
FGC ≔ 2 ⋅ ‾‾
5 = 4.472
FGD ≔ 2 ⋅ ‾‾
5 = 4.472
solve , FGE
ΣFZ ≔ 0 FGE - 6 = 0 ―――→ 6 FGE ≔ 6 kN
PUNTO E:
2 solve , FED
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ―⋅ FED - 6.00 = 0 ―――→ 9.0
3
2 2 2 solve , FEA
ΣFX ≔ 0 ―― ⋅ FEA - ―― ⋅ FED - ―⋅ 9.00 = 0 ―――→ FED + 6.7082039324993690892
‾‾
5 ‾‾
5 3
1 1 1 solve , FEB
ΣFY ≔ 0 ―― ⋅ FEA + ―― ⋅ FEB - ―⋅ 9.00 = 0 ―――→ -1.0 ⋅ FEA + 6.708203932499369089
‾‾
5 ‾‾
5 3
FEA ≔ 3 ⋅ ‾‾
5 kN = 6.708 kN
RESPUESTA:
FGC = 4.472
FGD = 4.472
FGE = 6 kN
FED ≔ 9.00
FEA ≔ 6.71
FEB ≔ 0
AULLA CARDENAS WILMAN
6-53. La armadura espacial soporta una fuerza F 5500i 600j 400k6 lb. Determine la fuerza en cada elemento e
indique si los elementos están en tensión o en compresión.
3 3 solve , FCB
ΣFX ≔ 0 ―⋅ FCB - ―⋅ FCD + 600 = 0 ―――→ FCD - 1000
5 5
4 4 4 solve , FCD
ΣFY ≔ 0 400 - ―⋅ 833.33 - ―⋅ FCD - ―⋅ FCB = 0 ―――→ -1.0 ⋅ FCB - 333.33
5 5 5
FCB ≔ -666.67 lb
FCD ≔ 333.33 lb
PUNTO A
solve , FAB
ΣFZ ≔ 0 cos45° ⋅ FAD - cos45° ⋅ FAB = 0 ―――→ FAD
FAD = FAB = F
3 solve , F 249.999
ΣFX ≔ 0 sin45° ⋅ F + sin45° ⋅ F - 833.33 ⋅ ― = 0 ――― → ――――
5 deg ⋅ sin45
F = 353.55 lb
4 solve , Az
ΣFY ≔ 0 833.33 ⋅ ―- Az = 0 ――― → 666.664
5
Az ≔ 666.67
PUNTO D
3 solve , FDB
ΣFZ ≔ 0 FDB + 333.33 ⋅ ―- 353 ⋅ cos45° = 0 ―――→ 353.0 ⋅ cos45 ⋅ deg - 199.998
5
FDB ≔ 50 lb
solve , Dx
ΣFX ≔ 0 Dx - 353.55 ⋅ sin45° = 0 ――― → 353.55 ⋅ deg ⋅ sin45
Dx ≔ 266.67 lb
4 solve , Dz
333.33 ⋅ ―- Dz = 0 ――― → 266.664
ΣFY ≔ 0 5
Dz ≔ 266.67
RESPUESTA:
FCA ≔ 833 lb
FCB ≔ 667 lb
FCD ≔ 333 lb
FAD ≔ 354 lb
FDB ≔ 50 lb
6-54. La armadura espacial soporta una fuerza
F = (600i+ 450j – 750k) lb. Determine la fuerza
en cada elemento e indique si los elementos
están en tensión o en compresión.
Solución
Metods de nodos: En
Punto C:
⎛3⎞
ΣFx ≔ 0 ; 600 lb + FCA ⋅ ⎜―⎟=0
⎝5⎠
⎛ 3 ⎞ solve , FCA
FCA ≔ 600 lb + FCA ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ ―――→ -((1000 ⋅ lb))
⎝5⎠
FCA = -1000 lb ∴FCA = 1000 lb ((C))
⎛3⎞ ⎛3⎞
ΣFy ≔ 0 ; FCB ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - FCD ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 450 lb = 0
⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠
⎡ ⎛3⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎤
⎢ FCB ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - FCD ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 450 lb = 0 ⎥ solve , FCB , FCD ⎡ -(1375 ⋅ lb) 1625 ⋅ lb ⎤
⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠ ( )
⎢ ⎥ ――――― → ⎢ ―――― ―――⎥ = [[ -343.75
⎛ 4 ⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞
⎢ -F ⋅ ―- F ⋅ ―- ⎛F ⎞ ⋅ ―- 750 lb = 0 ⎥ ⎣ 4 4 ⎦
CB ⎜ ⎟ CD ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ CA⎠ ⎜ ⎟
⎢⎣ ⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠ ⎝5⎠ ⎥⎦
Punto A:
Diagrama de cuerpo libre:
solve , FAB
⎡⎣ FAB ⋅ cos ((45)) - FAD ⋅ cos ((45)) = 0 ⎤⎦ ―――→ FAD
FAB = FAD = F
NOMBRE: AULLA CARDENAS WILMAN
*6-56. La armadura espacial se utiliza para soportar las fuerzas en los nodos B y D.
Determine la fuerza en cada elemento e indique si los elementos están en tensión o en
compresión.
FIGURA - A
⎛4⎞
ΣFx ≔ 0 ; 20 kN + FDB ⋅ ⎜―⎟=0
⎝5⎠
⎛ 4 ⎞ solve , FDB
FDB ≔ 20 ⋅ kN + FDB ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ ―――→ -((25 ⋅ kN))
⎝5⎠
∴FDB = 25 ⋅ kN ((T))
⎛3⎞
ΣFy ≔ 0 25.0 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - FDC = 0
⎝5⎠
⎛3⎞
FDC ≔ 25 ⋅ kN ⋅ ⎜―⎟ → 15 ⋅ kN ∴FDC = 15 ⋅ kN ((T))
⎝5⎠
ΣFz ≔ 0 ; FDE - 12 ⋅ kN = 0
FIGURA - B
ΣFx ≔ 0 ; FCB ≔ 0
⎛ 1 ⎞
ΣFy ≔ 0 ; FCE ⎜――
2 ⎟ + 15 ⋅ kN = 0
‾‾
⎜⎝ 5 ⎟⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ; -FCF - ⎝-15 ⋅ ‾‾
5 ⎠ ⋅ ⎜――
2 ⎟=0
⎜⎝ ‾‾
5 ⎟⎠
2
‾‾ ⎛ ⎞
FCE = - 5 ⋅ 15 ⋅ kN → FCE = -⎝15 ⋅ ‾‾
5 ⋅ kN⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
FCF = ⎝15 ⋅ kN ⋅ ‾‾
5 ⎠ ⋅ ⎜――
2 ⎟ → FCF = 30 ⋅ kN
‾‾
⎜⎝ 5 ⎟⎠
∴FCF = 30 ⋅ kN ((T))
FIGURA - C
⎛ 1.5 ⎞ ⎛3⎞
ΣFx ≔ 0 ; FBE ⎜―――
2 ⎟ - 25 ⋅ kN ⋅ ⎜―⎟=0
⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⎟⎠ ⎝5⎠
2
FBE = 10 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⋅ kN → FBE = 39.051248379533271971 ⋅ kN
⎛4 ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
ΣFy ≔ 0 ; 25 ⋅ ⎜―⋅ kN⎟ - ⎝10 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⎠ ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ - FBF ⎜―― ⎟=0
⎝5 ⎠ 2
⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⎟⎠
2
⎜⎝ ‾‾
13 ⎟⎠
2
⎛ ⎛4 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞⎞ ‾‾
13
FBF = ⎜((25)) ⋅ ⎜―⋅ kN⎟ - ⎝10 ⋅ kN ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⎠ ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟⎟ ⋅ ――→ FBF = 0.0
⎜⎝ ⎝5 ⎠ 2
⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⎟⎠⎟⎠ 2
∴FBF = 0.0
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ; -FBA - ⎝10 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⎠ ⋅ ⎜―――
2 ⎟=0
⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⎟⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
FBA = ⎝10 ⋅ kN ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
15.25 ⎠ ⋅ ⎜―――
2 ⎟ → FBA = 30.0 ⋅ kN
‾‾‾‾‾
⎜⎝ 15.25 ⎟⎠
∴FBA = 30 ⋅ kN ((C))
FIGURA - D
ΣFy ≔ 0 ; FAE = 0
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ; FAF = 0
FIGURA - E
FIGURA - E
ΣFy ≔ 0 ; FFE = 0
6-57. La armadura espacial se sostiene mediante una rótula esférica en D y eslabones cortos en C y E. Determine
la fuerza en cada elemento e indique si los elementos están en tensión o en compresión. Considere que
F1 = (-500k )lb y f2 = (400j) lb.
SOLUCION
ΣMZ ≔ 0 ; CZ = 0
FIGURA - F
ΣFy ≔ 0 ; FBF = 0
FIGURA - B
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ; FCB ≔ 0
4
ΣFy ≔ 0 ; 400 ⋅ lb - ―⋅ FBE = 0
5
5
FBE = 400 ⋅ lb ⋅ ―→ FBE = 500 ⋅ lb
4
∴FBE = 500 ⋅ lb ((T))
3
ΣFx ≔ 0 ; FAB - ―⋅ ((500)) ⋅ lb = 0
5
3
ΣFx ≔ 0 ; FAB - ―⋅ ((500)) ⋅ lb = 0
5
3
FAB = ―⋅ ((500)) ⋅ lb → FAB = 300 ⋅ lb
5
∴FAB = 300 ⋅ lb ((C))
FIGURA - A
3
ΣFX ≔ 0 ; 300 ⋅ lb - ――
2
⋅ FAC = 0
‾‾
34
3 3
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ; ――
2
⋅ ((583.1)) - 500 ⋅ lb + ―⋅ FAD = 0
‾‾
34 5
5 ⎛ 3 ⎞
FAD = ―⋅ ⎜-―― ⋅ ((583.1)) + 500 ⋅ lb⎟ → FAD = 833.33333333333333333 ⋅ lb - 500.00412498298451538
3 ⎜ 2
‾‾
34 ⎟⎠
⎝
∴FAD = 333.333 ⋅ lb ((T))
4 4
ΣFY ≔ 0 ; FAE - ―((333.3)) ⋅ lb - ―― ⋅ ((581.1)) = 0
5 2
‾‾
34
4 4
FAE = ―((333.3)) ⋅ lb + ―― ⋅ ((583.1)) ⋅ lb → FAE = 666.6432999863876123 ⋅ lb
5 2
‾‾
34
∴FAE = 666.6432 ⋅ lb ((C))
FIGURA - E
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ; FDE ≔ 0
3
ΣFX ≔ 0 ; FEF - ―⋅ ((500)) ⋅ lb = 0
5
3
FEF = ―⋅ ((500)) ⋅ lb → FEF = 300 ⋅ lb
5
∴FEF = 300 ⋅ lb
FIGURA - C
FIGURA - C
3
ΣFX ≔ 0 ; ――
2
⋅ ((583.1)) - FCD = 0
‾‾
34
3
FCD = ――
2
⋅ ((583.1)) → FCD = 300.00247498979070923
‾‾
34
3
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ; FCF - ――
2
⋅ ((583.1)) = 0
‾‾
34
3
FCF = ――
2
⋅ ((583.1)) → FCF = 300.00247498979070923
‾‾
34
∴FCF = 300.00247 ⋅ lb ((C))
4
ΣFY ≔ 0 ; ――⋅ ((583.1)) - 400 = 0
‾‾
34
FEGURA - F
3
ΣFX ≔ 0 ; ――
2
⋅ FDF - 300 = 0
‾‾
18
2
‾‾
18
FDF = 300 ⋅ lb ⋅ ――→ FDF = 300 ⋅ ‾‾
2 ⋅ lb
3
∴FDF = 424.2640 ⋅ lb ((T))
3
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ; ――
2
⋅ ((424.3)) - 300 = 0
‾‾
18
6-58. La armadura espacial se sostiene mediante una rótula esférica en D y eslabones cortos en C y E. Determine
la fuerza en cada elemento e indique si los elementos están en tensión o en compresión. Considere que
F1 = (200i +300j - 500k) lb y f2 = (400j) lb.
solución:
solve , Dx
ΣFx ≔ 0 ⎡⎣ Dx + 200 lb = 0 ⎤⎦ ――― → -((200 ⋅ lb ))
solve , Cy -(2000 ⋅ lb )
⎡⎣ -Cy ⋅ 3 - 400 lb ⋅ 3 - 200 lb ⋅ 4 = 0 ⎤⎦ ――― ( )
ΣMz ≔ 0 → ――――
3
solve , Cz
ΣMy ≔ 0 ⎡⎣ Cz ⋅ 3 - 200 lb ⋅ 3 = 0 ⎤⎦ ――― → 200 ⋅ lb
Punto F
FBF ≔ 0
Punto B
ΣFZ ≔ 0 FBC ≔ 0
⎡ 4 ⎤ solve , FBE
ΣFY ≔ 0 ⎢ 400 lb - ― ⋅ FBE = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 500 ⋅ lb ((T))
⎣ 5 ⎦
⎡ 3 ⎤ solve , FAB
ΣFX ≔ 0 ⎢ FAB - ―⋅ 500 lb = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 300 ⋅ lb ((C))
⎣ 5 ⎦
Punto A:
⎡ ⎤ solve , FAD
⎢ ―― 3 500 ⋅ ‾‾
34 ⋅ lb 3 ⎥ ―――→ 0
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ⋅ ――――― - 500 lb + ― ⋅ FAD = 0
⎢⎣ 2 ‾‾
34 3 5 ⎥⎦
⎡ ⎤ solve , FAE
4
⎢ FAE + 300 lb - ―― 500 ⋅ ‾‾
34 ⋅ lb 1100 ⋅ lb
ΣFY ≔ 0 ⋅ ――――― = 0 ⎥ ―――→ ―――((C))
⎢⎣ ‾‾
34 3 ⎥⎦ 3
Punto E:
ΣFZ ≔ 0 FDE ≔ 0
⎡ 3 ⎤ solve , FEF
ΣFx ≔ 0 ⎢ FEF - ― ⋅ 500 lb = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 300 ⋅ lb
⎣ 5 ⎦
Punto C:
⎡ ⎤ solve , FCD
⎢ ――3 500 ⋅ ‾‾34 ⋅ lb
ΣFx ≔ 0 ⋅ ――――― - FCD = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 500 ⋅ lb ((C))
⎢⎣ ‾‾34 3 ⎥⎦
⎡ ⎤ solve , FCF
⎢ FCF - ――3 500 ⋅ ‾‾ 34 ⋅ lb
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ⋅ ――――― + 200 lb = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 300 ⋅ lb ((C))
⎢⎣ ‾‾
34 3 ⎥⎦
4 500 ⋅ ‾‾
34 ⋅ lb
ΣFY ≔ 0 ――⋅ ――――― - 666.7 lb = -0.033 lb
‾‾
34 3
Punto F:
⎡ 3 ⎤ solve , FDF
ΣFx ≔ 0 ⎢ ――⋅ FDF - 300 lb = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 300 ⋅ ‾‾
2 ⋅ lb ((T))
‾‾
⎢⎣ 18 ⎥⎦
respuestas.
FBF ≔ 0
FBC ≔ 0
FBE ≔ 500 lb ((T))
FAB ≔ 300 lb ((C))
500 ⋅ ‾‾
34 ⋅ lb
FAC ≔ ―――――((T))
3
FAD ≔ 0
1100 ⋅ lb
FAE ≔ ――― ((C))
3
FDE ≔ 0
FEF ≔ 300 lb ((C))
FCD ≔ 500 lb ((C))
FCF ≔ 300 lb ((C))
500 ⋅ ‾‾
34 ⋅ lb
FDF ≔ ―――――((T))
3
AULLA CARDENAS WILMAN
Determine la fuerza en cada elemento de la armadura espacial e indique si los elementos están en tensión o
en compresión. La armadura se apoya en las rótulas esféricas en A, B y E. Considere que F=800j N. Sugerencia:
La reacción del apoyo en E actúa a lo largo del elemento EC. ¿Por qué?
SOLUCIÓN:
Punto D:
⎡ 1 5 1 ⎤
ΣFX ≔ 0 ⎢ -―⋅ FAD + ――― ⋅ FBD + ――― ⋅ FCD = 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ 3 ‾‾‾‾‾
31.25 ‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥⎦
⎡ 2 1.5 1.5 ⎤
ΣFY ≔ 0 ⎢ -―⋅ FAD + ――― ⋅ FBD - ――― ⋅ FCD + 800 = 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ 3 ‾‾‾‾‾
31.25 ‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥⎦
⎡ 2 2 2 ⎤
ΣFZ ≔ 0 ⎢ -―⋅ FAD - ――― ⋅ FBD + ――― ⋅ FCD = 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ 3 ‾‾‾‾‾
31.25 ‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥⎦
⎡ 1 5 1 ⎤
⎢ -―⋅ FAD + ――― ⋅ FBD + ――― ⋅ FCD = 0 ⎥
⎢ 3 2
‾‾‾‾‾
31.25
2
‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥
⎢ 2 1.5 1.5 ⎥ solve , FAD , FBD , FCD
⎢ -― ⋅ FAD + ――― ⋅ FBD - ――― ⋅ FCD + 800 N = 0 ⎥ ――――――― → [[ 685.71428571428571
⎢ 3 2
‾‾‾‾‾
31.25
2
‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥
⎢ 2 2 2 ⎥
⎢ -―⋅ FAD - ――― ⋅ FBD + ――― ⋅ FCD = 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ 3 2
‾‾‾‾‾
31.25
2
‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥⎦
PUNTO C:
⎡ 1 ⎤ solve , FBC
ΣFX ≔ 0 ⎢ BC F - ――― ⋅ 615.4 N = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 228.55382222831543316 ⋅ N
⎢⎣ ‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥⎦
⎡ 1.5 ⎤ solve , FAC
ΣFY ≔ 0 ⎢ ――― ⋅ 615.4 N - FAC = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 342.83073334247314974 ⋅ N
⎢⎣ ‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥⎦
⎡ 2 ⎤ solve , FBC
ΣFZ ≔ 0 F
⎢ BC - ――― ⋅ 615.4 N = 0 ⎥ ―――→ 457.10764445663086632 ⋅ N
⎢⎣ ‾‾‾‾
7.25 ⎥⎦
Respuestas.