Bloques completos al azar: Tratamientos estructurados

Una investigación se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de determinar el medio de cultivo y la fitohormona
más apropiada que maximice el enraizamiento de explantos de durazno en el laboratorio de
biotecnología del CIFP. Para tal efecto, se recolectaron explantos de cada una de 5 distintas plantas
y se contó con 12 placas petrí para cada una de las plantas. Luego, entre estos 12 placas petrí, se
aplicaron al azar 3 fitohormonas (f1, f2 y f3) en combinación con cada uno de 4 medios de cultivo
(a, b, c y d) y se distribuyeron uniformemente los explantos correspondientes, 5 explantos/placa
petri. Después de dos semanas, en cada placa petrí se tomó al azar 3 explantos y en cada uno se
determinó el número de raíces desarrolladas. Los promedios del número de raíces sobre los 3
explantos fueron:

Medio Plantas
Fitohormona cultivo 1 2 3 4 5 y.j. Y..k y.jk
1 a 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.5 27.8 12.3
b 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.2 44.3 33.1 6.2
c 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.3 43.6 17.1
d 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.4 23.9 8.7
2 a 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.6 8.7
b 2.1 2.4 1.9 2.6 2.4 41.6 11.4
c 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.7 14.6
d 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.6 6.9
3 a 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.5 1.0 6.8
b 3.1 3.5 2.6 3.3 3.0 42.5 15.5
c 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.3 11.9
d 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.4 8.3
yi.. 25.3 27.8 22.6 28.3 24.4 y... 128.4
TC 274.7760

Shapiro-Wilk W 0.96222 Pr < W 0.0604

Dependent Variable: nr

Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > F
arb 4 1.88566667 0.47141667
fh 2 0.18900000 0.09450000 3.39 0.0427
mc 3 14.59866667 4.86622222 174.60 <.0001
fh*mc 6 14.68433333 2.44738889 87.81 <.0001
Error 44 1.22633333 0.02787121
Corrected Total 59 32.58400000

Source Type III Expected Mean Square

arb Var(Error) + 12 Var(arb)
fh Var(Error) + Q(fh,fh*mc)
mc Var(Error) + Q(mc,fh*mc)
fh*mc Var(Error) + Q(fh*mc)
 Standard LSMEAN
fh nr LSMEAN Error Pr > |t| Number
1 2.21500000 0.03733042 <.0001 1
2 2.08000000 0.03733042 <.0001 2
3 2.12500000 0.03733042 <.0001 3

i/j 1 2 3
1 2.557148 1.704765
0.0141 0.0953
2 -2.55715 -0.85238
0.0141 0.3986
3 -1.70477 0.852383
0.0953 0.3986

Standard LSMEAN
mc nr LSMEAN Error Pr > |t| Number
a 1.85333333 0.04310546 <.0001 1
b 2.20666667 0.04310546 <.0001 2
c 2.90666667 0.04310546 <.0001 3
d 1.59333333 0.04310546 <.0001 4

i/j 1 2 3 4
1 -5.79612 -17.279 4.265069
<.0001 <.0001 0.0001
2 5.796119 -11.4829 10.06119
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001
3 17.279 11.48288 21.54407
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001
4 -4.26507 -10.0612 -21.5441
0.0001 <.0001 <.0001

Standard LSMEAN
fh mc nr LSMEAN Error Pr > |t| Number
1 a 2.46000000 0.07466085 <.0001 1
1 b 1.24000000 0.07466085 <.0001 2
1 c 3.42000000 0.07466085 <.0001 3
1 d 1.74000000 0.07466085 <.0001 4
2 a 1.74000000 0.07466085 <.0001 5
2 b 2.28000000 0.07466085 <.0001 6
2 c 2.92000000 0.07466085 <.0001 7
2 d 1.38000000 0.07466085 <.0001 8
3 a 1.36000000 0.07466085 <.0001 9
3 b 3.10000000 0.07466085 <.0001 10
3 c 2.38000000 0.07466085 <.0001 11
3 d 1.66000000 0.07466085 <.0001 12

i/j 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 11.55452 -9.09208 6.819061 6.819061 1.704765
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 0.0953
2 -11.5545 -20.6466 -4.73546 -4.73546 -9.84975
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
3 9.092081 20.6466 15.91114 15.91114 10.79685
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
4 -6.81906 4.735459 -15.9111 0 -5.1143
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 1.0000 <.0001
5 -6.81906 4.735459 -15.9111 0 -5.1143
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 1.0000 <.0001
 6 -1.70477 9.849755 -10.7968 5.114296 5.114296
0.0953 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
7 4.356622 15.91114 -4.73546 11.17568 11.17568 6.061388
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
8 -10.2286 1.325929 -19.3207 -3.40953 -3.40953 -8.52383
<.0001 0.1917 <.0001 0.0014 0.0014 <.0001
9 -10.418 1.13651 -19.5101 -3.59895 -3.59895 -8.71324
<.0001 0.2619 <.0001 0.0008 0.0008 <.0001
10 6.061388 17.61591 -3.03069 12.88045 12.88045 7.766153
<.0001 <.0001 0.0041 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
11 -0.75767 10.79685 -9.84975 6.061388 6.061388 0.947092
0.4527 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 0.3488
12 -7.57673 3.977786 -16.6688 -0.75767 -0.75767 -5.87197
<.0001 0.0003 <.0001 0.4527 0.4527 <.0001

i/j 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 -4.35662 10.22859 10.41801 -6.06139 0.757673 7.576734
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 0.4527 <.0001
2 -15.9111 -1.32593 -1.13651 -17.6159 -10.7968 -3.97779
<.0001 0.1917 0.2619 <.0001 <.0001 0.0003
3 4.735459 19.32067 19.51009 3.030694 9.849755 16.66882
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 0.0041 <.0001 <.0001
4 -11.1757 3.40953 3.598949 -12.8804 -6.06139 0.757673
<.0001 0.0014 0.0008 <.0001 <.0001 0.4527
5 -11.1757 3.40953 3.598949 -12.8804 -6.06139 0.757673
<.0001 0.0014 0.0008 <.0001 <.0001 0.4527
6 -6.06139 8.523826 8.713245 -7.76615 -0.94709 5.871969
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 0.3488 <.0001
7 14.58521 14.77463 -1.70477 5.114296 11.93336
<.0001 <.0001 0.0953 <.0001 <.0001
8 -14.5852 0.189418 -16.29 -9.47092 -2.65186
<.0001 0.8506 <.0001 <.0001 0.0111
9 -14.7746 -0.18942 -16.4794 -9.66034 -2.84128
<.0001 0.8506 <.0001 <.0001 0.0068
10 1.704765 16.28998 16.4794 6.819061 13.63812
0.0953 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
11 -5.1143 9.470918 9.660336 -6.81906 6.819061
<.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
12 -11.9334 2.651857 2.841275 -13.6381 -6.81906
<.0001 0.0111 0.0068 <.0001 <.0001

The Mixed Procedure

Cov Parm Estimate

arb 0.03696
Residual 0.02787

Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects

Num Den
Effect DF DF F Value Pr > F
fh 2 44 3.39 0.0427
mc 3 44 174.60 <.0001
fh*mc 6 44 87.81 <.0001
 Least Squares Means

Standard
Effect mc fh Estimate Error DF t Value Pr > |t|
fh 1 2.2150 0.09373 5 23.63 <.0001
fh 2 2.0800 0.09373 5 22.19 <.0001
fh 3 2.1250 0.09373 5 22.67 <.0001
mc a 1.8533 0.09618 5.53 19.27 <.0001
mc b 2.2067 0.09618 5.53 22.94 <.0001
mc c 2.9067 0.09618 5.53 30.22 <.0001
mc d 1.5933 0.09618 5.53 16.57 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 2.4600 0.1139 10.5 21.60 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 1.2400 0.1139 10.5 10.89 <.0001
fh*mc c 1 3.4200 0.1139 10.5 30.03 <.0001
fh*mc d 1 1.7400 0.1139 10.5 15.28 <.0001
fh*mc a 2 1.7400 0.1139 10.5 15.28 <.0001
fh*mc b 2 2.2800 0.1139 10.5 20.02 <.0001
fh*mc c 2 2.9200 0.1139 10.5 25.64 <.0001
fh*mc d 2 1.3800 0.1139 10.5 12.12 <.0001
fh*mc a 3 1.3600 0.1139 10.5 11.94 <.0001
fh*mc b 3 3.1000 0.1139 10.5 27.22 <.0001
fh*mc c 3 2.3800 0.1139 10.5 20.90 <.0001
fh*mc d 3 1.6600 0.1139 10.5 14.58 <.0001

Differences of Least Squares Means

Standard
Effect mc fh _mc _fh Estimate Error DF t Value Pr > |t|
fh 1 2 0.1350 0.05279 44 2.56 0.0141
fh 1 3 0.09000 0.05279 44 1.70 0.0953
fh 2 3 -0.04500 0.05279 44 -0.85 0.3986
mc a b -0.3533 0.06096 44 -5.80 <.0001
mc a c -1.0533 0.06096 44 -17.28 <.0001
mc a d 0.2600 0.06096 44 4.27 0.0001
mc b c -0.7000 0.06096 44 -11.48 <.0001
mc b d 0.6133 0.06096 44 10.06 <.0001
mc c d 1.3133 0.06096 44 21.54 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 b 1 1.2200 0.1056 44 11.55 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 c 1 -0.9600 0.1056 44 -9.09 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 d 1 0.7200 0.1056 44 6.82 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 a 2 0.7200 0.1056 44 6.82 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 b 2 0.1800 0.1056 44 1.70 0.0953
fh*mc a 1 c 2 -0.4600 0.1056 44 -4.36 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 d 2 1.0800 0.1056 44 10.23 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 a 3 1.1000 0.1056 44 10.42 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 b 3 -0.6400 0.1056 44 -6.06 <.0001
fh*mc a 1 c 3 0.08000 0.1056 44 0.76 0.4527
fh*mc a 1 d 3 0.8000 0.1056 44 7.58 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 c 1 -2.1800 0.1056 44 -20.65 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 d 1 -0.5000 0.1056 44 -4.74 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 a 2 -0.5000 0.1056 44 -4.74 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 b 2 -1.0400 0.1056 44 -9.85 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 c 2 -1.6800 0.1056 44 -15.91 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 d 2 -0.1400 0.1056 44 -1.33 0.1917
fh*mc b 1 a 3 -0.1200 0.1056 44 -1.14 0.2619
fh*mc b 1 b 3 -1.8600 0.1056 44 -17.62 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 c 3 -1.1400 0.1056 44 -10.80 <.0001
fh*mc b 1 d 3 -0.4200 0.1056 44 -3.98 0.0003
fh*mc c 1 d 1 1.6800 0.1056 44 15.91 <.0001
fh*mc c 1 a 2 1.6800 0.1056 44 15.91 <.0001
fh*mc c 1 b 2 1.1400 0.1056 44 10.80 <.0001
fh*mc c 1 c 2 0.5000 0.1056 44 4.74 <.0001
fh*mc c 1 d 2 2.0400 0.1056 44 19.32 <.0001
fh*mc c 1 a 3 2.0600 0.1056 44 19.51 <.0001
fh*mc c 1 b 3 0.3200 0.1056 44 3.03 0.0041
fh*mc c 1 c 3 1.0400 0.1056 44 9.85 <.0001
fh*mc c 1 d 3 1.7600 0.1056 44 16.67 <.0001
fh*mc d 1 a 2 5.55E-17 0.1056 44 0.00 1.0000
fh*mc d 1 b 2 -0.5400 0.1056 44 -5.11 <.0001
fh*mc d 1 c 2 -1.1800 0.1056 44 -11.18 <.0001
fh*mc d 1 d 2 0.3600 0.1056 44 3.41 0.0014
fh*mc d 1 a 3 0.3800 0.1056 44 3.60 0.0008
fh*mc d 1 b 3 -1.3600 0.1056 44 -12.88 <.0001
fh*mc d 1 c 3 -0.6400 0.1056 44 -6.06 <.0001
fh*mc d 1 d 3 0.08000 0.1056 44 0.76 0.4527
fh*mc a 2 b 2 -0.5400 0.1056 44 -5.11 <.0001
fh*mc a 2 c 2 -1.1800 0.1056 44 -11.18 <.0001
fh*mc a 2 d 2 0.3600 0.1056 44 3.41 0.0014
fh*mc a 2 a 3 0.3800 0.1056 44 3.60 0.0008
fh*mc a 2 b 3 -1.3600 0.1056 44 -12.88 <.0001
fh*mc a 2 c 3 -0.6400 0.1056 44 -6.06 <.0001
fh*mc a 2 d 3 0.08000 0.1056 44 0.76 0.4527
fh*mc b 2 c 2 -0.6400 0.1056 44 -6.06 <.0001
fh*mc b 2 d 2 0.9000 0.1056 44 8.52 <.0001
fh*mc b 2 a 3 0.9200 0.1056 44 8.71 <.0001
fh*mc b 2 b 3 -0.8200 0.1056 44 -7.77 <.0001
fh*mc b 2 c 3 -0.1000 0.1056 44 -0.95 0.3488
fh*mc b 2 d 3 0.6200 0.1056 44 5.87 <.0001
fh*mc c 2 d 2 1.5400 0.1056 44 14.59 <.0001
fh*mc c 2 a 3 1.5600 0.1056 44 14.77 <.0001
fh*mc c 2 b 3 -0.1800 0.1056 44 -1.70 0.0953
fh*mc c 2 c 3 0.5400 0.1056 44 5.11 <.0001
fh*mc c 2 d 3 1.2600 0.1056 44 11.93 <.0001
fh*mc d 2 a 3 0.02000 0.1056 44 0.19 0.8506
fh*mc d 2 b 3 -1.7200 0.1056 44 -16.29 <.0001
fh*mc d 2 c 3 -1.0000 0.1056 44 -9.47 <.0001
fh*mc d 2 d 3 -0.2800 0.1056 44 -2.65 0.0111
fh*mc a 3 b 3 -1.7400 0.1056 44 -16.48 <.0001
fh*mc a 3 c 3 -1.0200 0.1056 44 -9.66 <.0001
fh*mc a 3 d 3 -0.3000 0.1056 44 -2.84 0.0068
fh*mc b 3 c 3 0.7200 0.1056 44 6.82 <.0001
fh*mc b 3 d 3 1.4400 0.1056 44 13.64 <.0001
fh*mc c 3 d 3 0.7200 0.1056 44 6.82 <.0001