AÑO DEL DIÁLOGO Y RECONCILIACIÓN NACIONAL

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL

CENTRO DEL PERÚ

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
QUIMICA
Carrera profesional de Ingeniería Química e
Ingeniería Química Industrial

EJERCICIO DE MÉTODOS
NUMÉRICOS MÉTODOS
ABIERTO Y CERRADOS

ASIGNATURA: MÉTODOS NUMÉRICO

INGENIERO: EUFRACIO ARIAS, WILDER AFRAIN

ESTUDIANTE:

 CATAY MATIAS, DENIS KEVIN

SEMESTRE: V–A

HUANCAYO-PERÚ

2018

1) La ecuación de estado de Van der Walls para un gas real es:

( P+
a
V2)(V −b )=RT (1)

P= presión en atm
T =temperatura en K
R=constante universal de los gases en atm−L/( gmol K)=0.08205
V =volumen molar del gas en L/gmol
a , b=constantes particulares para cada gas para los siguientes gases
calcule V a 80°C para una presión de 10 atm. ε =1 x 10− 4

Solución:

De la ecuación 1 separamos y multiplicamos todo por V 2 :

3 2 2
P V −bP V −RT V +aV −ab=0
3 2
P V −( bP+ RT ) V +aV −ab=0 (2)

2) La siguiente fórmula es atribuida a Francis" y se aplica a un vertedor con contracciones

Q=3.33 (B−0.2 H) ¿
donde:
p ies3
Q=cantidad de agua que pasa por el vertedor en .
s
B=ancho del vertedor en pies .
H=carga sobre lacresta del vertedor en pie s.
Si se sabe que B varía de 0 a 5 y Q de 0 a 33, calcule los valores de H correspondientes a las
siguientes parejas de valores de By Q (las unidades son consistentes).

f ( H )=3.33( B−0.2 H )¿
Para elegir un valor inicial de H en cada caso, se considera que por cuestión de diseño H
debe ser menor que B. Por lo anterior, se sugiere utilizar como valor inicial Ho = B/2. Para
la pareja B = 3, Q = 12

Determina H, ε =1 x 10− 4

ME
1)
V0 0.5
d 0.17
P 10
R 0.08205
a 3.599
b 0.04267
T 353

Chart Title
30

20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

-10

-20

-30

-40
 2) H0 0.1 H f(H)
D 0.3 0.1 -11.6861945
Q 12 0.4 -9.54010216
B 3 0.7 -6.42227207
1 -2.676
1.3 1.5241452
1.6 6.06171568
1.9 10.8494592
2.2 15.8175079
2.5 20.9074519
Chart Title 2.8 26.0689683
3.1 31.2577306
100
3.4 36.4340286
3.7 41.5618117
4 46.608
80 4.3 51.5419722
4.6 56.3351758
4.9 60.9608228
5.2 65.3936484
60 5.5 69.6097164
5.8 73.5862596
6.1 77.3015482
40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

-20
METODO DE
PUNTOS
FIJOS
1) i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1) P 10
0 2.8 R 0.08205
1 2.80414655 0.00414655 -0.66804566 a 3.599
2 2.80697563 0.00282908 -0.45636995 b 0.04267
3 2.80890502 0.00192939 -0.31150715 T 353
4 2.81022045 0.00131543 -0.21250724
5 2.81111713 0.00089667 -0.14491466
6 2.81172826 0.00061114 -0.09879547
7 2.81214475 0.00041649 -0.06734171
8 2.81242857 0.00028382 -0.04589638
9 2.81262198 0.0001934 -0.03127783
10 2.81275376 0.00013179 -0.02131426
11 2.81284356 8.9799E-05 -0.01452403
12 2.81290475 6.1188E-05 -0.00989675
13 2.81294644 4.1692E-05 -0.00674358
14 2.81297485 2.8408E-05 -0.00459497
15 2.81299421 1.9357E-05 -0.00313092

Al despejar con otras variables no converge la función por lo tanto se alega del problema

i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1) g(x)´

0 1
1 1.61074267 0.61074267 -28.818944 9.11086147
2 3.37244402 1.76170135 61.2771053 4.33153073
3 10.425372 7.05292798 8174.14583 1.32950795
4 57.3699669 46.9445949 1791698.71 -0.18436584
5 744.158816 686.788849 4104672831 -5.69425118
6 34798.866 34054.7072 4.2137E+14 -267.201505
7 11128823.5 11094024.6 1.3783E+22 -85452.2981
8 6.3647E+10 6.3636E+10 2.5783E+33 -488709465
9 2.7527E+16 2.7527E+16 2.0859E+50 -2.1137E+14
10 7.8298E+24 7.8298E+24 4.8002E+75 -6.0121E+22
11 3.756E+37 3.756E+37 5.299E+113 -2.8841E+35
i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1) g(x)´
0 1
1 2.59449193 1.59449193 -14.0085249 2.09307861
2 126.990236 124.395744 20005598.7 -0.04450438
3 763602310 763602183 4.4525E+27 -123.767247
4 9.9925E+35 9.9925E+35 9.977E+108 -4.4772E+15
5 2.93E+144 2.93E+144 #¡NUM! #¡NUM!
6 #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM!

i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1)

0 2.7
1 2.64999999 0.05000001 -10.913703
2 2.578985 0.07101498 -14.8193167
3 2.47930227 0.09968273 -19.4900543
4 2.34175043 0.13755184 -24.4794714
5 2.15659143 0.185159 -28.7825598
6 1.91613322 0.24045821 -30.8139251
7 1.61960789 0.29652534 -28.9348851
8 1.28008859 0.3395193 -22.7304709
9 0.93017615 0.34991244 -14.1870681
10 0.6184787 0.31169746 -6.8041613
11 0.38859471 0.22988398 -2.60633104

i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1)

0 2.8
1 3.07138464 0.27138464 23.38542
2 -3.42637029 6.49775494 -759.78451
3 207.683524 211.109894 88312053.8
4 -24537734.5 24537942.1 -1.4774E+23
5 4.1051E+22 4.1051E+22 6.9177E+68
6 -1.9221E+68 1.9221E+68 -7.101E+205
7 1.973E+205 1.973E+205 #¡NUM!
8 #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM!
9 #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM!
10 #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM!
2) i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1) Q 12
0 2.6 22.6223017 B 3
1 1.28289237 1.31710763 1.27462029
2 1.19939706 0.08349531 0.07304336
3 1.19455451 0.00484256 0.00421073
4 1.19427515 0.00027936 0.00024283
5 1.19425903 1.6111E-05 1.4004E-05
6 1.19425811 9.2911E-07 8.0759E-07

Cuando el H converge en 14 esta respuesta no está bien ya que H tiene que ser menor
que B

i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1)

0 2 12.488522
1 8.62966864 6.62966864 95.5542144
2 14.2892517 5.65958305 13.5684437

ME
3 14.6664255 0.37717385 0.47824303
4 14.6792102 0.01278463 0.0156939
5 14.6796292 0.00041899 0.00051378
6 14.6796429 1.3716E-05 1.6818E-05

TO
DO
DE
 NE
1) P 10
i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1)
R 0.08205
0 2.6   -13.7149353
a 3.599
1 2.85602287 0.25602287 3.35406843
b 0.04267
2 2.81431908 0.0417038 0.09717521
T 353
3 2.8130368 0.00128228 9.0477E-05
4 2.8130356 1.1961E-06 7.8732E-11
5 2.8130356 1.0409E-12 -1.9706E-14
6 2.8130356 4.4409E-16 1.0492E-14

Solucionario en Matlab:
function newtonrap
format long
clear,clc
syms V
V0=input('ingrese el volumen molar V0=');
eps=10^-4;
i=0;
d=1;
P=10;%presion en atmosferas atm
R=0.08205;%constante universal de los gases atm.L/g.mol.K
a=3.599;%constante de gases
b=0.04267;%constante de gases
T=353;%temperatura en kelvin(K)
fV=P*V^3-(b*P+R*T)*V^2+a*V-a*b;
df=diff(fV,V);
fV=inline(fV);
df=inline(df);
disp('___________________________________')
disp('k Vi d f(V) ')
disp('___________________________________')
while d >= eps
V=V0-(fV(V0)/df(V0));
hV=fV(V);
d=abs(V-V0);
i=i+1;
V0=V;
fprintf('%0.5f %0.5f %0.5f %0.5f \n',i,V,d,hV)
end
end
ingrese el valor inicial V0=2
___________________________________
k Vi d f(V)
___________________________________
1.00000 7.05449 5.05449 2073.32235
2.00000 5.13812 1.91636 598.90494
3.00000 3.92475 1.21338 165.80751
4.00000 3.21921 0.70554 40.46805
5.00000 2.89617 0.32304 6.67421
6.00000 2.81764 0.07853 0.34969
7.00000 2.81305 0.00459 0.00116
8.00000 2.81304 0.00002 0.00000
9.00000 2.81304 0.00000 -0.00000
2) i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1) Q 12
0 2.6   22.6223017 B 3
1 0.22634238 2.37365762 -10.9404753
2 1.76302778 1.53668539 8.63724023
3 1.1997861 0.56324168 0.07857739
4 1.19453921 0.00524689 0.00399346
5 1.19427225 0.00026696 0.00020164
6 1.19425877 1.3481E-05 1.0178E-05

function newtonrap
format long
clear,clc
syms H
H0=input('ingrese la carga sobre la cresta del vertedor en pies H0=');
eps=10^-4;
i=0;
d=1;
Q=12;%cantidad de agua que pasa por el vertedor en (pies^3)/s
B=3;% ancho del vertedor en pies.
fH= 3.33*(B-0.2*H)*((H^3)^(1/2))-Q;
df=diff(fH,H);
fH=inline(fH);
df=inline(df);
disp('___________________________________')
disp('k Hi d f(H) ')
disp('___________________________________')
while d >= eps
H=H0-(fH(H0)/df(H0));
hH=fH(H);
d=abs(H-H0);
i=i+1;
H0=H;
fprintf('%0.5f %0.5f %0.5f %0.5f \n',i,H,d,hH)
end
end

ingrese la carga sobre la cresta del vertedor en pies H0=1

___________________________________
k Hi d f(H)
___________________________________
1.00000 1.20090 0.20090 0.09444
2.00000 1.19426 0.00664 0.00009
3.00000 1.19426 0.00001 0.00000
 i x1 d=Ixi+1 - xiI f(xi+1)
0 2    
1 1.5    

2 -2.50952485 4.00952485 -352.32012

3 1.83455196 4.34407681 -30.723287
4 2.24955704 0.41500508 -26.9484932
5 5.21230471 2.96274768 636.210168
6 2.36995294 2.84235177 -23.5876096

ME
7 2.47156632 0.10161338 -19.8143812
8 3.00516941 0.53360309 16.6346624
9 2.76164293 0.24352648 -3.74352712
10 2.80637939 0.04473646 -0.50105463
1) 11 2.81329245 0.00691306 0.019432 P 10
12 2.81303435 0.00025809 -9.436E-05 R 0.08205
13 2.8130356 1.2472E-06 -1.762E-08 a 3.599

TO
b 0.04267
T 353

DO
2)
i
0
1
2
3
x1
2
1.5
1.21662768
1.19511625
d=Ixi+1 - xiI
 
 
0.28337232
0.02151143
f(xi+1)
 
 
-21.2697051
-20.7607871
DE Q
B
12
3

SEC
4 1.19426081 0.00085544 -20.7404215
5 1.19425805 2.7586E-06 -20.7403558
6 1.19425805 3.4384E-10 -20.7403558
7 1.19425805 2.2204E-16 -20.7403558
 AN

METODO DE
LA FALSA
POSICIÓN
1) P 10
R 0.08205
I a XD XI 3.599 XM FxD Fxi fXm d=Ixm
b 0 3 0.04267 1 1.99422104 16.1302807 -15.9449193 -30.5508401  
T 1 3 1.99422104
353 2.65246128 16.1302807 -30.5508401 -10.7694009 0.65824024
2 3 2.65246128 2.79159987 16.1302807 -10.7694009 -1.59626493 0.13913859
3 3 2.79159987 2.81036618 16.1302807 -1.59626493 -0.20152824 0.01876631
4 3 2.81036618 2.81270619 16.1302807 -0.20152824 -0.02491138 0.00234001
5 3 2.81270619 2.812995 16.1302807 -0.02491138 -0.00307128 0.00028881
6 3 2.812995 2.8130306 16.1302807 -0.00307128 -0.00037853 3.56E-05
7 3 2.8130306 2.81303498 16.1302807 -0.00037853 -4.6652E-05 4.3875E-06
8 3 2.81303498 2.81303552 16.1302807 -4.6652E-05 -5.7495E-06 5.4073E-07
9 3 2.81303552 2.81303559 16.1302807 -5.7495E-06 -7.0858E-07 6.6642E-08
10 3 2.81303559 2.8130356 16.1302807 -7.0858E-07 -8.7328E-08 8.2131E-09
11 3 2.8130356 2.8130356 16.1302807 -8.7328E-08 -1.0763E-08 1.0122E-09

2) Q 12
B 3

I XD XI XM FxD Fxi fXm d=Ixm

0 3 1 1.16619234 29.5276502 -2.676 -0.3969747  
1 3 1.16619234 1.1905193 29.5276502 -0.3969747 -0.05307221 0.02432696
2 3 1.1905193 1.19376578 29.5276502 -0.05307221 -0.00699114 0.00324648
3 3 1.19376578 1.19419333 29.5276502 -0.00699114 -0.00091913 0.00042755
4 3 1.19419333 1.19424954 29.5276502 -0.00091913 -0.00012081 5.6209E-05
5 3 1.19424954 1.19425693 29.5276502 -0.00012081 -1.5878E-05 7.3878E-06
6 3 1.19425693 1.1942579 29.5276502 -1.5878E-05 -2.0868E-06 9.71E-07
7 3 1.1942579 1.19425803 29.5276502 -2.0868E-06 -2.7428E-07 1.2762E-07
8 3 1.19425803 1.19425805 29.5276502 -2.7428E-07 -3.6048E-08 1.6773E-08
9 3 1.19425805 1.19425805 29.5276502 -3.6048E-08 -4.7379E-09 2.2045E-09
10 3 1.19425805 1.19425805 29.5276502 -4.7379E-09 -6.227E-10 2.8974E-10
11 3 1.19425805 1.19425805 29.5276502 -6.227E-10 -8.184E-11 3.8081E-11
 ME
1) P
R
a
b
T
10
0.08205
3.599
0.04267
353
TO
I
0
1
2
3
XD
3
3
3
3
XI
1
2
2.5
2.75
XM
2
2.5
2.75
2.875
FxD
16.1302807
16.1302807
16.1302807
16.1302807
DO Fxi
-15.9449193
-30.5169693
-18.5957568
-4.5520912
fXm
-30.5169693
-18.5957568
-4.5520912
4.9006627
d=Ixm

0.5
0.25
0.125

DE
4 2.875 2.75 2.8125 4.9006627 -4.5520912 -0.04049804 0.0625
5 2.875 2.8125 2.84375 4.9006627 -0.04049804 2.37547086 0.03125
6 2.84375 2.8125 2.828125 2.37547086 -0.04049804 1.15394798 0.015625
7 2.828125 2.8125 2.8203125 1.15394798 -0.04049804 0.55335467 0.0078125
8 2.8203125 2.8125 2.81640625 0.55335467 -0.04049804 0.25558753 0.00390625
9 2.81640625 2.8125 2.81445313 0.25558753 -0.04049804 0.10733477 0.00195313
10 2.81445313 2.8125 2.81347656 0.10733477 -0.04049804 0.0333659 0.00097656

BIS
11 2.81347656 2.8125 2.81298828 0.0333659 -0.04049804 -0.00357918 0.00048828
12 2.81347656 2.81298828 2.81323242 0.0333659 -0.00357918 0.01489008 0.00024414
13 2.81323242 2.81298828 2.81311035 0.01489008 -0.00357918 0.00565463 0.00012207
14 2.81311035 2.81298828 2.81304932 0.00565463 -0.00357918 0.00103752 6.1035E-05
15 2.81304932 2.81298828 2.8130188 0.00103752 -0.00357918 -0.00127088 3.0518E-05

ECC
 IÓN

2) Q 12
B 3

I XD XI XM FxD Fxi fXm d=Ixm

0 3 1 2 29.5276502 -2.676 12.488522
1 2 1 1.5 12.488522 -2.676 4.51752171 0.5
2 1.5 1 1.25 4.51752171 -2.676 0.79799531 0.25
3 1.25 1 1.125 0.79799531 -2.676 -0.97354258 0.125
4 1.25 1.125 1.1875 0.79799531 -0.97354258 -0.09588955 0.0625
5 1.25 1.1875 1.21875 0.79799531 -0.09588955 0.3490851 0.03125
6 1.21875 1.1875 1.203125 0.3490851 -0.09588955 0.12609833 0.015625
7 1.203125 1.1875 1.1953125 0.12609833 -0.09588955 0.01497858 0.0078125
8 1.1953125 1.1875 1.19140625 0.01497858 -0.09588955 -0.04048706 0.00390625
9 1.1953125 1.19140625 1.19335938 0.01497858 -0.04048706 -0.01276212 0.00195313
10 1.1953125 1.19335938 1.19433594 0.01497858 -0.01276212 0.00110626 0.00097656
11 1.19433594 1.19335938 1.19384766 0.00110626 -0.01276212 -0.00582842 0.00048828
12 1.19384766 1.19335938 1.19360352 -0.00582842 -0.01276212 -0.00929539 0.00024414
13 1.19360352 1.19335938 1.19348145 -0.00929539 -0.01276212 -0.01102879 0.00012207
14 1.19348145 1.19335938 1.19342041 -0.01102879 -0.01276212 -0.01189546 6.1035E-05
15 1.19342041 1.19335938 1.19338989 -0.01189546 -0.01276212 -0.01232879 3.0518E-05