Objetivos

a) Determinar la magnitud de la aceleración de un carro que se desplaza de forma rectilínea sobre

un plano inclinado, mediante la caracterización de la variación de su posición con respecto al
tiempo, con el empleo de Mathematica.
b) Calcular a partir del valor de la aceleración, la constante g del campo gravitatorio terrestre,
conocido el ángulo de inclinación del plano de movimiento.
c) Con base en la caracterización de la variación de la posición de un bloque con respecto al tiempo
que se mueve sobre un plano inclinado con dos coeficientes de fricción diferentes, obtener el valor
del coeficiente de fricción cinética que se establece entre las superficies en contacto.
d) Trazar con Mathematica o algún otro software preferentemente matemático, las gráficas posición
vs. tiempo, rapidez vs. tiempo, aceleración vs. tiempo y rapidez vs. posición, que representan el
comportamiento de los movimientos estudiados en esta práctica.

Introducción
El movimiento rectilíneo uniforme (M.R.U.) se define como el movimiento en el cual un objeto se
desplaza en línea recta, en una sola dirección, recorriendo distancias iguales en el mismo intervalo
de tiempo, manteniendo en todo su
movimiento una velocidad constante y sin
aceleración.
En cambio, el movimiento rectilíneo
uniformemente acelerado o variado (M.R.U.A.)
es aquel que transcurre sobre una línea recta
y en el cual el móvil aumenta o disminuye su
velocidad a una tasa constante y estos tipos de movimiento son más frecuentes en la vida
cotidiana.
 Durante la práctica se hicieron dos experimentos, donde se observó el fenómeno del M.R.U.A;
uno donde se obtenía el tiempo y el desplazamiento en ese intervalo, donde los datos se registraban
en la computadora. El segundo donde el plano inclinado donde pasaba el carro no contaba con
fricción ya que este expulsaba aire de unos orificios al igual que una mesa de hockey, y el tiempo
que se tardaba en recorrer una cierta distancia era tomada por dos sensores, donde el
desplazamiento era el mismo que la distancia de estos sensores.

Cálculos
Primer experimento

Procesamiento de los datos con Mathematica

Datos 1
{{0.28,0.224},{0.3,0.226},{0.32,0.229},{0.34,0.232},{0.36,0.235},{0.38,0.24},{0.4,0.244},{0.42,0.249},{0.44,0.255},{0.
46,0.261},{0.48,0.268},{0.5,0.275},{0.52,0.283},{0.54,0.291},{0.56,0.3},{0.58,0.309},{0.6,0.319},{0.62,0.329},{0.64,0.
34},{0.66,0.351},{0.68,0.364},{0.7,0.376},{0.72,0.389},{0.74,0.404},{0.76,0.418},{0.78,0.433},{0.8,0.448},{0.82,0.46
5},{0.84,0.481},{0.86,0.498},{0.88,0.517},{0.9,0.535},{0.92,0.554},{0.94,0.574},{0.96,0.594},{0.98,0.614},{1.,0.636},{
1.02,0.657},{1.04,0.68},{1.06,0.703},{1.08,0.726},{1.1,0.75},{1.12,0.775},{1.14,0.8},{1.16,0.826},{1.18,0.853},{1.2,0.88},{1.
22,0.907},{1.24,0.935},{1.26,0.964},{1.28,0.995}}

DatAj=
{{0.,0.},{0.02,0.002},{0.04,0.005},{0.06,0.008},{0.08,0.011},{0.1,0.016},{0.12,0.02},{0.14,0.025},{0.16,0.031},{0.18,0.0
37},{0.2,0.044},{0.22,0.051},{0.24,0.059},{0.26,0.067},{0.28,0.076},{0.3,0.085},{0.32,0.095},{0.34,0.105},{0.36,0.116
},{0.38,0.127},{0.4,0.14},{0.42,0.152},{0.44,0.165},{0.46,0.18},{0.48,0.194},{0.5,0.209},{0.52,0.224},{0.54,0.241},{0.5
6,0.257},{0.58,0.274},{0.6,0.293},{0.62,0.311},{0.64,0.33},{0.66,0.35},{0.68,0.37},{0.7,0.39},{0.72,0.412},{0.74,0.433},
{0.76,0.456},{0.78,0.479},{0.8,0.502},{0.82,0.526},{0.84,0.551},{0.86,0.576},{0.88,0.602},{0.9,0.629},{0.92,0.656},{0
.94,0.683},{0.96,0.711},{0.98,0.74},{1.,0.771}}

Fun1=0.00218304 +0.0617846 t+0.704727 t2

x0=Fun1/.t->0
0.00218304

Vel1=D[Fun1,t]
0.0617846 +1.40945 t

v0=Vel1/.t->0
0.0617846

acel0=1.40945

texp=
{0.,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12,0.14,0.16,0.18,0.2,0.22,0.24,0.26,0.28,0.3,0.32,0.34,0.36,0.38,0.4,0.42,0.44,0.46,
0.48,0.5,0.52,0.54,0.56,0.58,0.6,0.62,0.64,0.66,0.68,0.7,0.72,0.74,0.76,0.78,0.8,0.82,0.84,0.86,0.88,0.9,0.92,0.9
4,0.96,0.98,1.}
Xexp=
{0.,0.002,0.005,0.008,0.011,0.016,0.02,0.025,0.031,0.037,0.044,0.051,0.059,0.067,0.076,0.085,0.095,0.105,0.1
16,0.127,0.14,0.152,0.165,0.18,0.194,0.209,0.224,0.241,0.257,0.274,0.293,0.311,0.33,0.35,0.37,0.39,0.412,0.433,
0.456,0.479,0.502,0.526,0.551,0.576,0.602,0.629,0.656,0.683,0.711,0.74,0.771}
Xaj=
{0.00218304,0.00370063,0.00578199,0.00842714,0.0116361,0.0154088,0.0197453,0.0246455,0.0301096,0.0
361374,0.042729,0.0498844,0.0576036,0.0658866,0.0747333,0.0841438,0.0941181,0.104656,0.115758,0.12
7424,0.139653,0.152446,0.165803,0.179724,0.194209,0.209257,0.224869,0.241045,0.257785,0.275088,0.29
2955,0.311386,0.330381,0.34994,0.370062,0.390748,0.411998,0.433812,0.456189,0.479131,0.502636,0.526
705,0.551337,0.576534,0.602294,0.628618,0.655506,0.682957,0.710972,0.739551,0.768694}

Erms= 0.000804825

Datos 2
{{0.22,0.218},{0.24,0.219},{0.26,0.22},{0.28,0.222},{0.3,0.224},{0.32,0.227},{0.34,0.23},{0.36,0.234},{0.38,0.238},{0.4,
0.242},{0.42,0.248},{0.44,0.253},{0.46,0.259},{0.48,0.267},{0.5,0.274},{0.52,0.282},{0.54,0.29},{0.56,0.299},{0.58,0.
309},{0.6,0.319},{0.62,0.33},{0.64,0.341},{0.66,0.353},{0.68,0.366},{0.7,0.378},{0.72,0.392},{0.74,0.406},{0.76,0.421
},{0.78,0.436},{0.8,0.452},{0.82,0.469},{0.84,0.485},{0.86,0.503},{0.88,0.521},{0.9,0.54},{0.92,0.56},{0.94,0.579},{0.
96,0.6},{0.98,0.621},{1.,0.643},{1.02,0.665},{1.04,0.688},{1.06,0.711},{1.08,0.735},{1.1,0.759},{1.12,0.784},{1.14,0.81},{1
.16,0.836},{1.18,0.863},{1.2,0.89},{1.22,0.918},{1.24,0.947},{1.26,0.976},{1.28,1.005}}

DatAj=
{{0.,0.},{0.02,0.001},{0.04,0.002},{0.06,0.004},{0.08,0.006},{0.1,0.009},{0.12,0.012},{0.14,0.016},{0.16,0.02},{0.18,0.0
24},{0.2,0.03},{0.22,0.035},{0.24,0.041},{0.26,0.049},{0.28,0.056},{0.3,0.064},{0.32,0.072},{0.34,0.081},{0.36,0.091},
{0.38,0.101},{0.4,0.112},{0.42,0.123},{0.44,0.135},{0.46,0.148},{0.48,0.16},{0.5,0.174},{0.52,0.188},{0.54,0.203},{0.56
,0.218},{0.58,0.234},{0.6,0.251},{0.62,0.267},{0.64,0.285},{0.66,0.303},{0.68,0.322},{0.7,0.342},{0.72,0.361},{0.74,0.3
82},{0.76,0.403},{0.78,0.425},{0.8,0.447},{0.82,0.47},{0.84,0.493},{0.86,0.517},{0.88,0.541},{0.9,0.566},{0.92,0.592}
,{0.94,0.618},{0.96,0.645},{0.98,0.672},{1.,0.7},{1.02,0.729},{1.04,0.758},{1.06,0.787}}

Fun1 = 0.00245231 -0.0101984 t+0.70752 t2

x0=Fun1/.t->0
0.00245231

Vel1=D[Fun1, t]
-0.0101984+1.41504 t

v0=Vel1/.t->0
-0.0101984

acel1=1.41504

Texp=
{0.,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12,0.14,0.16,0.18,0.2,0.22,0.24,0.26,0.28,0.3,0.32,0.34,0.36,0.38,0.4,0.42,0.44,0.46,
0.48,0.5,0.52,0.54,0.56,0.58,0.6,0.62,0.64,0.66,0.68,0.7,0.72,0.74,0.76,0.78,0.8,0.82,0.84,0.86,0.88,0.9,0.92,0.9
4,0.96,0.98,1.,1.02,1.04,1.06}
Xexp=
{0.,0.001,0.002,0.004,0.006,0.009,0.012,0.016,0.02,0.024,0.03,0.035,0.041,0.049,0.056,0.064,0.072,0.081,0.0
91,0.101,0.112,0.123,0.135,0.148,0.16,0.174,0.188,0.203,0.218,0.234,0.251,0.267,0.285,0.303,0.322,0.342,0.361,
0.382,0.403,0.425,0.447,0.47,0.493,0.517,0.541,0.566,0.592,0.618,0.645,0.672,0.7,0.729,0.758,0.787}
Xaj=
{0.00245231,0.00244282,0.00243474,0.00242284,0.00241659,0.00241783,0.00243181,0.00247026,0.00253
135,0.00261508,0.00278313,0.00296208,0.00322352,0.00365135,0.00409998,0.00469762,0.00538581,0.00
626828,0.00738323,0.00863969,0.0101852,0.011902,0.0139701,0.0164405,0.0189331,0.0220987,0.0255416,
0.0295382,0.0338533,0.0388069,0.044467,0.0501678,0.0570141,0.0643189,0.072527,0.0817189,0.0909755,
0.101801,0.11325,0.125914,0.139263,0.15395,0.169387,0.186292,0.204013,0.223338,0.244375,0.266369,0.29
0221,0.315104,0.341998,0.371023,0.401238,0.432642}

Erms1=0.217912

Datos 3
{{0.26,0.218},{0.36,0.219},{0.38,0.22},{0.4,0.221},{0.42,0.222},{0.44,0.225},{0.46,0.227},{0.48,0.231},{0.5,0.234},{0.5
2,0.239},{0.54,0.244},{0.56,0.249},{0.58,0.254},{0.6,0.261},{0.62,0.268},{0.64,0.275},{0.66,0.283},{0.68,0.292},{0.7,
0.3},{0.72,0.31},{0.74,0.32},{0.76,0.331},{0.78,0.342},{0.8,0.354},{0.82,0.366},{0.84,0.379},{0.86,0.393},{0.88,0.406}
,{0.9,0.421},{0.92,0.436},{0.94,0.452},{0.96,0.468},{0.98,0.485},{1.,0.502},{1.02,0.52},{1.04,0.539},{1.06,0.558},{1.0
8,0.577},{1.1,0.598},{1.12,0.619},{1.14,0.64},{1.16,0.662},{1.18,0.685},{1.2,0.707},{1.22,0.731},{1.24,0.755},{1.26,0.78},{1
.28,0.806},{1.3,0.832},{1.32,0.858},{1.34,0.885},{1.36,0.913},{1.38,0.941},{1.4,0.97}}

DatAj=
{{0.,0.},{0.1,0.001},{0.12,0.002},{0.14,0.003},{0.16,0.004},{0.18,0.007},{0.2,0.009},{0.22,0.013},{0.24,0.016},{0.26,0.0
21},{0.28,0.026},{0.3,0.031},{0.32,0.036},{0.34,0.043},{0.36,0.05},{0.38,0.057},{0.4,0.065},{0.42,0.074},{0.44,0.082}
,{0.46,0.092},{0.48,0.102},{0.5,0.113},{0.52,0.124},{0.54,0.136},{0.56,0.148},{0.58,0.161},{0.6,0.175},{0.62,0.188},{0.6
4,0.203},{0.66,0.218},{0.68,0.234},{0.7,0.25},{0.72,0.267},{0.74,0.284},{0.76,0.302},{0.78,0.321},{0.8,0.34},{0.82,0.3
59},{0.84,0.38},{0.86,0.401},{0.88,0.422},{0.9,0.444},{0.92,0.467},{0.94,0.489},{0.96,0.513},{0.98,0.537},{1.,0.562},{
1.02,0.588},{1.04,0.614},{1.06,0.64},{1.08,0.667},{1.1,0.695},{1.12,0.723},{1.14,0.752}}

Fun1=0.00792355 -0.135549 t+0.689873 t2

x0=Fun1/.t->0
0.00792355

Vel1=D[Fun1,t]
-0.135549+1.37975 t

v0=Vel1/.t->0
-0.135549

acel1=1.37975

Texp=
{0.,0.1,0.12,0.14,0.16,0.18,0.2,0.22,0.24,0.26,0.28,0.3,0.32,0.34,0.36,0.38,0.4,0.42,0.44,0.46,0.48,0.5,0.52,0.54,0.
56,0.58,0.6,0.62,0.64,0.66,0.68,0.7,0.72,0.74,0.76,0.78,0.8,0.82,0.84,0.86,0.88,0.9,0.92,0.94,0.96,0.98,1.,1.02,1.
04,1.06,1.08,1.1,1.12,1.14}
Xexp=
{0.,0.001,0.002,0.003,0.004,0.007,0.009,0.013,0.016,0.021,0.026,0.031,0.036,0.043,0.05,0.057,0.065,0.074,0.0
82,0.092,0.102,0.113,0.124,0.136,0.148,0.161,0.175,0.188,0.203,0.218,0.234,0.25,0.267,0.284,0.302,0.321,0.34,0.
359,0.38,0.401,0.422,0.444,0.467,0.489,0.513,0.537,0.562,0.588,0.614,0.64,0.667,0.695,0.723,0.752}
Xaj=
{0.00792355,0.00778869,0.00765521,0.00752311,0.00739239,0.00700851,0.00675949,0.00627801,0.005931
38,0.00538127,0.00486564,0.00438451,0.00393788,0.00337054,0.00287081,0.00243868,0.00202761,0.001
67071,0.00144728,0.00129217,0.00127504,0.00141556,0.00172303,0.00224885,0.00297336,0.00398245,0.0
0532993,0.00682331,0.00883619,0.0111595,0.0139799,0.0171535,0.0209125,0.0250702,0.0299071,0.03549
77,0.0415864,0.0481732,0.0560328,0.0645009,0.0735775,0.0837389,0.0950762,0.106604,0.11994,0.134072
,0.149638,0.166741,0.184776,0.203745,0.22443,0.246943,0.270539,0.296117}
Erms1= 0.252766

Datos 4
{{0.2,0.218},{0.22,0.219},{0.24,0.22},{0.26,0.221},{0.28,0.223},{0.3,0.225},{0.32,0.228},{0.34,0.231},{0.36,0.235},{0.38
,0.239},{0.4,0.244},{0.42,0.249},{0.44,0.255},{0.46,0.261},{0.48,0.268},{0.5,0.276},{0.52,0.283},{0.54,0.292},{0.56,0
.301},{0.58,0.31},{0.6,0.32},{0.62,0.331},{0.64,0.342},{0.66,0.354},{0.68,0.366},{0.7,0.379},{0.72,0.393},{0.74,0.407},
{0.76,0.421},{0.78,0.437},{0.8,0.452},{0.82,0.468},{0.84,0.486},{0.86,0.503},{0.88,0.521},{0.9,0.539},{0.92,0.559},{0
.94,0.578},{0.96,0.598},{0.98,0.62},{1.,0.641},{1.02,0.663},{1.04,0.686},{1.06,0.708},{1.08,0.732},{1.1,0.757},{1.12,0.7
81},{1.14,0.807},{1.16,0.833},{1.18,0.86},{1.2,0.887},{1.22,0.915},{1.24,0.943},{1.26,0.972},{1.28,1.003}}

DatAj=Table[Datos[[n]]-Datos[[1]],{n,1,NumDat,1}]
{{0.,0.},{0.02,0.001},{0.04,0.002},{0.06,0.003},{0.08,0.005},{0.1,0.007},{0.12,0.01},{0.14,0.013},{0.16,0.017},{0.18,0.0
21},{0.2,0.026},{0.22,0.031},{0.24,0.037},{0.26,0.043},{0.28,0.05},{0.3,0.058},{0.32,0.065},{0.34,0.074},{0.36,0.083},
{0.38,0.092},{0.4,0.102},{0.42,0.113},{0.44,0.124},{0.46,0.136},{0.48,0.148},{0.5,0.161},{0.52,0.175},{0.54,0.189},{0.5
6,0.203},{0.58,0.219},{0.6,0.234},{0.62,0.25},{0.64,0.268},{0.66,0.285},{0.68,0.303},{0.7,0.321},{0.72,0.341},{0.74,0.
36},{0.76,0.38},{0.78,0.402},{0.8,0.423},{0.82,0.445},{0.84,0.468},{0.86,0.49},{0.88,0.514},{0.9,0.539},{0.92,0.563},
{0.94,0.589},{0.96,0.615},{0.98,0.642},{1.,0.669},{1.02,0.697},{1.04,0.725},{1.06,0.754},{1.08,0.785}}

Fun1=0.00345728 -0.0338726 t+0.699002 t2

x0=Fun1/.t->0
0.00345728

Vel1=D[Fun1,t]
-0.0338726+1.398 t

v0=Vel1/.t->0
-0.0338726
acel1=1.398

Texp =
{0.,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12,0.14,0.16,0.18,0.2,0.22,0.24,0.26,0.28,0.3,0.32,0.34,0.36,0.38,0.4,0.42,0.44,0.46,
0.48,0.5,0.52,0.54,0.56,0.58,0.6,0.62,0.64,0.66,0.68,0.7,0.72,0.74,0.76,0.78,0.8,0.82,0.84,0.86,0.88,0.9,0.92,0.9
4,0.96,0.98,1.,1.02,1.04,1.06,1.08}
Xexp=
{0.,0.001,0.002,0.003,0.005,0.007,0.01,0.013,0.017,0.021,0.026,0.031,0.037,0.043,0.05,0.058,0.065,0.074,0.08
3,0.092,0.102,0.113,0.124,0.136,0.148,0.161,0.175,0.189,0.203,0.219,0.234,0.25,0.268,0.285,0.303,0.321,0.341,0.
36,0.38,0.402,0.423,0.445,0.468,0.49,0.514,0.539,0.563,0.589,0.615,0.642,0.669,0.697,0.725,0.754,0.785}
Xaj=
{0.00345728,0.00342411,0.00339233,0.00336195,0.00330539,0.00325442,0.00318845,0.00313507,0.00308
346,0.00305422,0.00304912,0.00307897,0.00316093,0.00329321,0.00351116,0.00384411,0.00420885,0.00
477844,0.00546128,0.00625736,0.0072747,0.00855524,0.0100049,0.0117794,0.0137551,0.0161226,0.01893
65,0.0220244,0.0253863,0.029564,0.0338057,0.0386768,0.0445846,0.05058,0.0573686,0.0646101,0.0731
874,0.0818538,0.0915216,0.102802,0.114201,0.126804,0.140703,0.15469,0.17072,0.188275,0.205949,0.2260
05,0.247006,0.269815,0.293643,0.31943,0.346313,0.375311,0.40761}

Erms1=0.224785

Datos 5
{{0.46,0.218},{0.48,0.219},{0.5,0.221},{0.52,0.223},{0.54,0.225},{0.56,0.229},{0.58,0.233},{0.6,0.237},{0.62,0.241},{0.
64,0.247},{0.66,0.253},{0.68,0.259},{0.7,0.266},{0.72,0.273},{0.74,0.281},{0.76,0.289},{0.78,0.299},{0.8,0.308},{0.82,
0.318},{0.84,0.329},{0.86,0.34},{0.88,0.351},{0.9,0.364},{0.92,0.377},{0.94,0.39},{0.96,0.404},{0.98,0.419},{1.,0.433
},{1.02,0.449},{1.04,0.466},{1.06,0.482},{1.08,0.5},{1.1,0.517},{1.12,0.536},{1.14,0.555},{1.16,0.575},{1.18,0.594},{1.2,0.
616},{1.22,0.637},{1.24,0.658},{1.26,0.681},{1.28,0.704},{1.3,0.728},{1.32,0.752},{1.34,0.777},{1.36,0.802},{1.38,0.828},{
1.4,0.854},{1.42,0.881},{1.44,0.908},{1.46,0.937},{1.48,0.966},{1.5,0.996}}

DatAj=
{{0.,0.},{0.02,0.001},{0.04,0.003},{0.06,0.005},{0.08,0.007},{0.1,0.011},{0.12,0.015},{0.14,0.019},{0.16,0.023},{0.18,0.
029},{0.2,0.035},{0.22,0.041},{0.24,0.048},{0.26,0.055},{0.28,0.063},{0.3,0.071},{0.32,0.081},{0.34,0.09},{0.36,0.1},{
0.38,0.111},{0.4,0.122},{0.42,0.133},{0.44,0.146},{0.46,0.159},{0.48,0.172},{0.5,0.186},{0.52,0.201},{0.54,0.215},{0.56
,0.231},{0.58,0.248},{0.6,0.264},{0.62,0.282},{0.64,0.299},{0.66,0.318},{0.68,0.337},{0.7,0.357},{0.72,0.376},{0.74,0.
398},{0.76,0.419},{0.78,0.44},{0.8,0.463},{0.82,0.486},{0.84,0.51},{0.86,0.534},{0.88,0.559},{0.9,0.584},{0.92,0.61},
{0.94,0.636},{0.96,0.663},{0.98,0.69},{1.,0.719},{1.02,0.748},{1.04,0.778}}

Fun1= 0.00186754 +0.0205542 t+0.695913 t2

x0=Fun1/.t->0
0.00186754

Vel1= 0.0205542 +1.39183 t

v0=Vel1/.t->0
0.0205542

acel1= 1.39183

Texp=
{0.,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12,0.14,0.16,0.18,0.2,0.22,0.24,0.26,0.28,0.3,0.32,0.34,0.36,0.38,0.4,0.42,0.44,0.46,
0.48,0.5,0.52,0.54,0.56,0.58,0.6,0.62,0.64,0.66,0.68,0.7,0.72,0.74,0.76,0.78,0.8,0.82,0.84,0.86,0.88,0.9,0.92,0.9
4,0.96,0.98,1.,1.02,1.04}
Xexp=
{0.,0.001,0.003,0.005,0.007,0.011,0.015,0.019,0.023,0.029,0.035,0.041,0.048,0.055,0.063,0.071,0.081,0.09,0.1,
0.111,0.122,0.133,0.146,0.159,0.172,0.186,0.201,0.215,0.231,0.248,0.264,0.282,0.299,0.318,0.337,0.357,0.376,0.3
98,0.419,0.44,0.463,0.486,0.51,0.534,0.559,0.584,0.61,0.636,0.663,0.69,0.719,0.748,0.778}
Xaj=
{0.00186754,0.00188879,0.00193547,0.00198771,0.00204552,0.00217784,0.00233244,0.0025093,0.002708
43,0.00304888,0.00343943,0.00388009,0.00445753,0.00510316,0.00592453,0.00683499,0.00809832,0.0
0935431,0.0108821,0.0127234,0.0147331,0.0169112,0.0197025,0.022729,0.0259907,0.0297664,0.0341145,0.
0384553,0.0437502,0.0497664,0.0557962,0.0630056,0.0702285,0.0787772,0.0878284,0.0978988,0.107981,
0.120283,0.132655,0.14564,0.160566,0.176229,0.193357,0.211287,0.230817,0.251216,0.273355,0.296434,0.32
1397,0.347374,0.376406,0.406608,0.439083}

Erms1= 0.210716

Datos 6
{{0.3,0.217},{0.32,0.218},{0.34,0.22},{0.36,0.222},{0.38,0.225},{0.4,0.229},{0.42,0.233},{0.44,0.237},{0.46,0.242},{0.4
8,0.247},{0.5,0.253},{0.52,0.26},{0.54,0.267},{0.56,0.274},{0.58,0.283},{0.6,0.291},{0.62,0.3},{0.64,0.31},{0.66,0.32},{
0.68,0.331},{0.7,0.343},{0.72,0.355},{0.74,0.367},{0.76,0.38},{0.78,0.394},{0.8,0.408},{0.82,0.422},{0.84,0.438},{0.8
6,0.454},{0.88,0.47},{0.9,0.487},{0.92,0.504},{0.94,0.522},{0.96,0.541},{0.98,0.56},{1.,0.58},{1.02,0.601},{1.04,0.621
},{1.06,0.643},{1.08,0.665},{1.1,0.688},{1.12,0.711},{1.14,0.735},{1.16,0.759},{1.18,0.784},{1.2,0.809},{1.22,0.835},{1.24,
0.862},{1.26,0.889},{1.28,0.917},{1.3,0.945},{1.32,0.974},{1.34,1.006}}

DatAj=Table[Datos[[n]]-Datos[[1]],{n,1,NumDat,1}]
{{0.,0.},{0.02,0.001},{0.04,0.003},{0.06,0.005},{0.08,0.008},{0.1,0.012},{0.12,0.016},{0.14,0.02},{0.16,0.025},{0.18,0.0
3},{0.2,0.036},{0.22,0.043},{0.24,0.05},{0.26,0.057},{0.28,0.066},{0.3,0.074},{0.32,0.083},{0.34,0.093},{0.36,0.103},{
0.38,0.114},{0.4,0.126},{0.42,0.138},{0.44,0.15},{0.46,0.163},{0.48,0.177},{0.5,0.191},{0.52,0.205},{0.54,0.221},{0.56,
0.237},{0.58,0.253},{0.6,0.27},{0.62,0.287},{0.64,0.305},{0.66,0.324},{0.68,0.343},{0.7,0.363},{0.72,0.384},{0.74,0.4
04},{0.76,0.426},{0.78,0.448},{0.8,0.471},{0.82,0.494},{0.84,0.518},{0.86,0.542},{0.88,0.567},{0.9,0.592},{0.92,0.61
8},{0.94,0.645},{0.96,0.672},{0.98,0.7},{1.,0.728},{1.02,0.757},{1.04,0.789}}

Fun1=0.00164951 +0.0302955 t+0.695865 t2

x0=Fun1/.t->0
0.00164951

Vel1= 0.0302955 +1.39173 t

v0=Vel1/.t->0
0.0302955

acel1= 1.39173

Texp=
{0.,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12,0.14,0.16,0.18,0.2,0.22,0.24,0.26,0.28,0.3,0.32,0.34,0.36,0.38,0.4,0.42,0.44,0.46,
0.48,0.5,0.52,0.54,0.56,0.58,0.6,0.62,0.64,0.66,0.68,0.7,0.72,0.74,0.76,0.78,0.8,0.82,0.84,0.86,0.88,0.9,0.92,0.9
4,0.96,0.98,1.,1.02,1.04}
Xexp=
{0.,0.001,0.003,0.005,0.008,0.012,0.016,0.02,0.025,0.03,0.036,0.043,0.05,0.057,0.066,0.074,0.083,0.093,0.10
3,0.114,0.126,0.138,0.15,0.163,0.177,0.191,0.205,0.221,0.237,0.253,0.27,0.287,0.305,0.324,0.343,0.363,0.384,0.
404,0.426,0.448,0.471,0.494,0.518,0.542,0.567,0.592,0.618,0.645,0.672,0.7,0.728,0.757,0.789}
Xaj=
{0.00164951,0.00168051,0.00174666,0.00181839,0.00193641,0.00211326,0.00231238,0.00253377,0.0028418
2,0.00318466,0.00364199,0.00423888,0.00490395,0.00563722,0.00668021,0.00770194,0.00895786,0.0104
855,0.0121524,0.0141467,0.0165143,0.0190824,0.0218508,0.0250761,0.0288126,0.0328218,0.0371038,0.042
3316,0.0479156,0.0538559,0.0605579,0.067662,0.0756225,0.0845144,0.0939087,0.10434,0.115892,0.12746
5,0.140838,0.154885,0.17029,0.186432,0.20406,0.22249,0.24254,0.26346,0.28614,0.310687,0.33625,0.3638
3,0.392502,0.423348,0.458743}

Erms1=0.20911

NOTA: Los datos utilizados durante este experimento, fueron recopilados de la máquina en la que
la brigada trabajó, pues el experimento no se pudo realizar a cabo durante la hora en la que
trabajamos, ya que los sensores dejaron de funcionar y nos quedamos sin datos con los que
comparar la teoría.
Diagrama de cuerpo libre

ma

𝛴 𝐹𝑋 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑊 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎

𝑚
𝑎 = 9.78 [ 2 ] ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(10°)
𝑠
𝑚
𝑎 = 1.698 [ 2 ]
𝑠

La ligera diferencia que se puede observar en los resultados puede ser ocasionada porque no se
considera ni la masa ni la fricción como datos, en cambio ya en el experimento si se toma en cuenta
estos valores que realmente afecta en gran medida a los resultados, la masa en particular al
aumentar su aceleración que aumenta exponencialmente. Por otra parte, también hay que
considerar que al ser un experimento se pudieron haber cometido errores de tipo sistemático, como
el no soltar a tiempo el carrito o el no hacer uso adecuado del software, sin embargo podemos
observar que la aceleración es parecida solo tenemos variación en los decimales.

Segundo experimento
Desarrollo teórico:
8.1 Diagrama de cuerpo libre del móvil, mientras se encuentra en la parte donde los orificios del riel
de aire están descubiertos.
 ma

W
8.2 Expresiones para la aceleración, constante, la rapidez y la posición en función del tiempo y del
ángulo de inclinación .

𝛴 𝐹𝑋 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎

8.3 Ángulo de inclinación del riel, con base en la distancia entre las compuertas optoelectrónicas
medida durante la realización del experimento y el tiempo promedio de los medidos con el
cronómetro digital, considerando conocida la aceleración de la gravedad, g = 9.78 m/s2 .
***Compare el valor obtenido con el estimado al final del punto 5.
De los datos obtenidos y ecuaciones cinemáticas

𝑠 = 0.65[𝑚]

𝑡𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = 0.4654[𝑠]

1
𝑠 = 𝑠0 + 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2

2𝑠 2(0.47)
𝑎= 2
=
𝑡 (0.4654)2

𝑚
𝑎 = 6.00[ 2 ]
𝑠

𝛴 𝐹𝑋 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎
 𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎

𝑎
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( )
𝑔

6.001
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛( )
9.78

𝜃 = 37 °

8.4 Con base en las expresiones de posición y rapidez del móvil, así como el ángulo de inclinación
con respecto a la horizontal estimado del riel de aire, obtenido al final del punto 5, y la distancia entre
las compuertas optoelectrónicas, determine la rapidez final en dicho intervalo de movimiento,

𝑠 = 0.65[𝑚]

𝜃 = 37°

𝑚
𝑣𝑜 = 0 [ ]
𝑠

𝑡𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = 0.4654[𝑠]

𝛴 𝐹𝑋 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(37) = 𝑎

𝑚
𝑎 = 5.88 [ 2 ]
𝑠
De ecuaciones cinemáticas

𝑣 = 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑣𝑜

𝑣 = 𝑎𝑡

𝑚
𝑣 = (5.88[ 2 ]) ∗ (0.4654[𝑠])
𝑠

𝑚
𝑣 = 2.73[ ]
𝑠
8.5 Diagrama de cuerpo libre del carro sobre el riel en donde los orificios están tapados, y por
consiguiente se generará una fuerza de fricción cinética, la cual provoca que dicho carro se
detenga.

Fr

8.6 Ecuaciones de movimiento del carro en el intervalo anterior, en función del tiempo, considerando
el ángulo conocido igual al que se estimó con base en trigonometría, considerando como condición
inicial de rapidez, la rapidez final del intervalo de movimiento anterior, calculada en el punto 8.4.
𝑚
𝑣𝑜 = 2.73[ ]
𝑠

𝛴𝐹𝑋 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − (𝜇𝑘 ⋅ 𝑁) = 𝑚𝑎 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 𝑚𝑎 = 𝜇𝑘 ⋅ 𝑁 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0

𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 𝑚𝑎 𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 𝑎 𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝜇𝑘 = =
𝑁 𝑔 ⋅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

8.7 Con base en el valor de g mencionado, y la distancia recorrida promedio de las cinco que se
midieron durante la realización del experimento, obtenga el valor del coeficiente de fricción cinética,
k, al sustituir los valores de posición y rapidez finales en las expresiones cinemáticas en este
intervalo de movimiento.
𝛴𝐹𝑋 = 𝑚𝑎
𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − (𝜇𝑘 ⋅ 𝑁) = 𝑚𝑎
𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0
𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 𝑚𝑎 = 𝜇𝑘 ⋅ 𝑁
𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Despejando 𝜇𝑘 y sustituyendo N
 𝑚𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 𝑚𝑎 𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 − 𝑎
𝜇𝑘 = =
𝑁 𝑔 ⋅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑔 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(37) − (−3.44)
𝜇𝑘 =
𝑔 ⋅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(37)

𝜇𝑘 = 1.193

Datos:

𝑠0 = 0

𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = 0.47[𝑚]

𝑚
𝑣𝑜 = 2.73[ ]
𝑠

𝑡𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = 0.4654[𝑠]

1
𝑠 = 𝑠0 + 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2

1
𝑠 − 𝑣0 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑡 2
2

2(𝑠 − 𝑣0 𝑡)
𝑎=
𝑡2

𝑚
2(0.47[𝑚] − (2.73[ 𝑠 ])(0.4654[𝑠])
𝑎=
0,46542

𝑚
𝑎 = −3.44[ 2 ]
𝑠
Conclusiones
En este ejercicio, observamos experimentalmente la acción que ejerce la gravedad sobre los
cuerpos, siendo la misma que crea la relación entre la aceleración y la masa; principios justificados
teóricamente por el científico inglés; Isaac Newton y su Segunda Ley hace poco menos de
trescientos cincuenta años.
A su vez, notamos la utilidad que posee un plano inclinado para el movimiento lineal de los objetos,
ya que la velocidad del cuerpo puede ser disminuida, al oponerse a la resistencia de la aceleración
gravitatoria, al igual que, una fricción específica que ocasiona un movimiento mucho más
controlado y regulado que el de caída libre.
De igual manera, nos fue interesante aislar el análisis con la fricción presente y con la misma
reducida al mínimo. Cuando se activó el sistema de aire a presión, la fricción se vio disminuida, con
lo que podría hacerse un análisis donde esta fuera despreciable y así, solo concentrarnos en el
ángulo de inclinación del plano. Mientras que cuando los orificios fueron cubiertos con cinta, el aire
no podía frenar la fricción, consecuencia del objeto metálico que estaba en contacto directo con la
cinta, que probablemente suponía incluso un coeficiente de fricción más elevado que el del riel
metálico al descubierto.
Para terminar y enfocarnos ahora en nuestra experiencia con el desarrollo de la práctica; el uso del
primer programa tenía que haber proporcionado ciertos datos específicos para el análisis deseado,
donde se hubiera podido haber observado el comportamiento que refleja perfectamente la antes
mencionada Segunda Ley de Newton, y hubiéramos podido hacer una comparación más precisa
con los resultados teóricos y ver evidenciado el comportamiento de las gráficas del software con
resultados obtenidos experimentalmente, sin embargo, algo en el sistema de nuestro equipo de
trabajo falló y nos dejó sin la configuración óptima para continuar con el análisis de la práctica. Por
lo que los datos recopilados, fueron aquellos que se encontraban en la máquina que utilizamos,
pues una brigada de un grupo anterior los dejó y pudimos exportarlos. Ya que al volver a intentar el
experimento, los sensores dejaron de funcionar (ver imágenes de anexo).

Comentarios
● Robles Añorve Fernando: En esta práctica nos jugó una mala broma el equipo de
laboratorio, pues no se reconocían los sensores, por lo que los datos utilizados fueron
recopilados de una brigada anterior. Aunado a esto, el manual no es muy explícito en
cuanto a lo que se requiere obtener en el experimento uno. Me hubiese gustado tener
 el equipo de laboratorio trabajando de la manera ideal, y una redacción coherente en
el MADO.
● Rivero Varela Alejandra: Al realizar el experimento tuvimos un percance con el equipo
presente en el laboratorio, pues el sensor de la primera parte de la práctica no
funcionaba correctamente, por ello nuestros datos no arrojaron una parábola. El
segundo experimento fue más sencillo, pues los datos se obtuvieron de una mejor
manera, al ser nosotros los que debíamos registrarlos.
● Mendez Valdez Erick: Como el valor que la fuerza de gravedad ejerce sobre la tierra
siempre es dato en muchos de los ejercicios de la materia, me resultó sumamente
interesante aproximarse al valor de forma experimental, como desde un principio las
mentes brillantes del pasado lo hicieron. Aunque, por desgracia, considero que se
repite la misma historia con relación a la redacción y estructura en general de esta
práctica a comparación de las demás; no es clara, ni concisa y carece de adecuación
para quién está dirigida, en pocas palabras, pide mucho y explica poco.
● Rodríguez Lua Paola: La realización de esta práctica me pareció bastante interesante
porque pudimos aprender el uso de programas y de sensores, que al menos yo no
había utilizado anteriormente, para calcular la velocidad, aceleración, tiempo y
distancia de un objeto de forma instantánea y con un muy bajo margen de error, lo
que nos permitió tener un cálculo más preciso. Por otra parte, me parece que una vez
más, el manual de prácticas no es lo suficientemente detallado y claro para el uso del
equipo y la obtención de los cálculos, ya que, si bien los programas nos pueden
facilitar la vida pero, al no tener los conocimientos suficientes, puede resultar
complicado e incluso tedioso.

Bibliografía
● Beer F. P. Johnston Jr. E. R. & Mazurek D. F., Mecánica Vectorial para Ingenieros, Estática, 10ª
edición, Editorial McGraw–Hill, México, 2013.
● Facultad de Ingeniería. (2022) Manual de prácticas del Laboratorio de Mecánica. Facultad de
Ingeniería, UNAM: México. Recuperado en línea de: https://dcb.ingenieria.unam.mx/wp-
content/themes/tempera-
child/CoordinacionesAcademicas/CA/LabM/ManualPracticasP/mecanica/P3.pdf
● Hibbeler, R. C., Ingeniería Mecánica, Dinámica, 12ª edición, Pearson Prentice Hall, México,
2010. 2 Abel, M. L. & Braselton J. P., “The Mathematica Handbook”, AP Professional, EUA, 1992.
● Ministerio de Educación y Cultura. (s.f.) MRU y MRUA. Recuperado en línea de:
https://www.rua.unam.mx/portal/recursos/ficha/85595/movimiento-rectilineo-uniforme
Anexos