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Profesor: Dr. Ing. Agustín Gutiérrez P.
LOGRO DE LA SESIÓN DE CLASE: Al final de la Sesión de clase, los
estudiantes aplican las ecuaciones del electromagnetismo al diseño de
un reactor de núcleo de hierro.
D
12cm N=100 0.1cm
E
H G
4cm F
Solución del Problema. N°1.
ϕ3 ϕ1 ϕ2
- +
Rm1 Rg
+ -
+
Rm3
-
+
NI
- +
Rm2
-
Planteo de ecuaciones:
N i + m1 m1 + m 3 m 3 = 0
N i = m 1 1 + m 3 3
N i = H 1 1m + H 3 3 m .............. 1
N i + m 1 1 + g 2 + m 2 2 = 0
N i = m 1 1 + g 2 + m 2 2
N i = H 1 m1 + H g g + H 2 l 2 m ............ 2
1m = 16 cm o 0.16 m
2 m = 2 (46 ) + 16 = 108 cm = 1.08 m
3 m = 16 + 2 (46 ) = 1.08 m
g = 1x10 −3 m
Tenemos:
Bg
B g = 0.8 Wb / m 2 ; B g = 0 H g H g =
0
0 .8
Hg = −7
= 686 ,619.7724 Amp − v / m
4x10
De ( 4 ) 2 g = B g Ag
( )( )
Ag = a + g b + g = (4 + 0.1)(8 + 0.1) x 10 −4 = (4.1)(8.1) x 10 −4 = 8.321 x 10 −4
( )
g = (0.8 ) 3.321 x 10 −3 = 2.6568 x 10 −3 Wb = B2 A2 m
Ag 2
A2 m = (8 )(4 )(0.9 ) x 10 −4 = 2.88 x 10 −8 B2 =
A2 m
2.6568 x 10 −3 Amp − v
B2 = = 0. 9225 Wb / m 2
→ Tabla H = 140
2.88 x 10 −3
2
m
De 3 : H 3 3 m = H 2 2 m + H g g
( )
H 3 3 m = (140 )(1.08 ) + (636 619.77 ) 10 −3 = H 3 (1.08 )
H 3 = 729.463 Amp − v / m → Tabla B3 = 1.35 Wb / m 2
( )
3 = B3 A3 = (1.35 ) 2.88 x 10 −3 = 3.888 x 10 −3 Wb
De 5 : 1 = 2 + 3 = 2.6568 x 10 −3 + 3.88 x 10 −3 = 6.545 x 10 −3
6.546 x 10 −3
1
1 = B1 A1 B1 = = −4
= 1.13625Wb / m 2
A1 8 x 8 x 0.9 x 10
→ Tabla H 1 = 170 Amp − v / m
En 1 : N i = (170 )(0.16 ) + (729.463)(1.08 ) = 815.02 Amp − v
N 3a
a a
lg
a
6a
Si el reactor es alimentado con una corriente continua de 0.72 Amp.
a) Calcular el valor de la inductancia para lg=0.02’’ siendo a=1.5 pulg; lg=0.02 pulg y
1pulg=2.54cm. (2p)
Si al reactor se le aplica una tensión sinusoidal de 220V eficaz, 60Hz, se registra una
potencia de 20W, siendo las perdidas por histéresis de 14W (considerar lg=0.02pulg).
Calcular:
a) La inductancia del reactor. (2p)
b) Los parámetros del circuito equivalente del reactor. (2p)
Solución del Problema. N°2.
Datos: n=36, N=460, t=0.5mm=0.5x10-3m, f.a=0.98, R≈0,
2.54cm 1m
a = 1.5' ' x x 2 = 0.0381m
1' ' 10 cm
Si IDC=0.72Amp
a) Circuito equivalente
+
NI
+ - +
Rm2 Rm3
- + -
Rm1
-
+ +
Rg2 Rg3
- + -
Rg1
-
Rm 2 = Rm 3
Rg 2 = Rg 3
L = ? l g = 0.02' '
2.54cm 1m
l g = 0.02' ' x x 2
1' ' 10 cm
l g = 5.08 x 10 −4 m
L I = N máx
N máx +
L= ; máx = ?
I Rm1
máx = Am Bmáx - +
(
Am = (2 a ) n t = (2 )(0.0381)(36 ) 0.5 x 10 −3 ) Rm2 /2
-
Am = 1.3716 x 10 −3 m 2
+
NI
R Rg 2 -
− N I + m Rm1 + m 2 + m R g 1 + =0
+
2 2 Rg2 /2
R Rg1 + -
N I = m R m1 + m m 2 + m R g 1 + m
2 2 Rg1
l Rg 2
N I = H m l m1 + H m m 2 + m R g ; R g = R g 1 + -
2 2
B A
m g Bm Am B g Ag → B g = m m
Ag
l
N I = H m l m1 + m 2 + Bm Am R g ......(* 1)
2
Si H m = 0 Bm1 =
NI
=
(460 )(0.72 ) = 0.449 0.45
( )
Am R g 1.3716 x 10 3 (537640.6 )
Si Bm = 0 H m1 =
NI
=
(460 )(0.72 ) = 1022.696
l m 2 (0.32385)
l +
2
m 1
Amp − v
Bm0 = 0.39 Wb / m 2 H m0 = 85
m
L= =
(
N máx (460 ) 1.3716 x 10 (0.39 )
−3
) 0.3417 Hr
I 0.72
Si V=220V, f=60Hz, Pn=20W=Ph + Pf = 14 + Pf → Pf=6w; Ph=14W
N m máx
L Im máx = N m máx → L =
Im máx
Vef = 4.44 N f A Bmáx
Bm1
Vef 220
Bmáx = = Bm0
(4.44 N f Am ) (4.44 )(460 )(60 ) Am
220
m máx = = 1.795 x 10 −3 Wb
(4.44 )(460 )(60 )
m máx = A Bm máx Hm0 Hm1
m máx 1.795 x 10 −3
Bmáx = =
Am 1.3716 x 10 −3
Bmáx = 1.30865 B − H → Hmmáx = 310 Amp − v / m
Luego:
H . dl = N Im → Hm lm + 2 H g l g = N Im
Im = Hm x lm + 2 H
1
máx máx gmáx x lg
N
Am Bm máx
m = g → Am Bm máx = B gmáx Ag → B gmáx =
Ag
2nt
Hg máx =
Bg máx
0
=
Am Bm máx
0 Ag
(
Ag = a + 2l g )
+ 2 l g
f .a
=
(1.3716 x 10 )(1.30869)
−3
( (
Ag = 0.0381 + 2 5.08 x 10 −4
)) x
( ) (
2 (36 ) 0.5 x 10 −3
+ 2 5.08 x 10 −4 )
Hg máx
(4 x 10 )(1.4765 x 10 )
−7 −3
0.98
−3
Hg máx = 0.09674331 x 10 7
Ag = 1.4765 x 10
Im máx =
1
460
(
(310 ) x (0.32385) + 2 0.09674331 x 10 7 5.08 x 10 −4 )( )
Im máx = 2.355 Amp → Imef = 1.6652 Amp
L=
(460 ) (1.795 x 10 −3 ) = 0.3506
2.355
a) L = 0.3506 Hr
Pn 20
gp = = = 4.132 x 10 −4 → R p = 2420.135
V 2
(220 ) 2
Imef 1.6652
bm = = = 7.569 x 10 −3 → X m = 132.116
V 220
R 0
g p = 4.132 x 10 −4 −1
bm = 7.569 x 10 −3 −1
Problema. N°3.
Se aplica:
La forma de onda:
183.3
Bmáx =
(4.44 )(50 )(460 )1.3716 x 10 −3
Bmáz = 1.31
Ph = K h f Bmáx
1.6
, Pf = K f f 2 Bmáx
2
b) V = 183,3Volt; f = 50Hz
Problema. N°4.
De:
Pf 1 = 345.96 K f Pf 2 = 1383.84 K f
9.21 K h + 345.96 K f = 100 .........( 1) 27.92 K h + 1383.84 K f = 360 ..........( 2 )
De (*1) y (*2):
Kf = 0.17
Kh = 4.472
Datos/Observaciones