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 Vocabulary page 4 Grammar page 7 Vocabulary pase e

7a doing edoing ! a I'm driving !

b make f 've made / made b You're always telling 1, s T A R E
c do g make c belongs 2 T o E
d to do / doing d I work, I'm travelling
3 N o
e I don't usually eat, taste T C E

Grammar page s f is expecting 4 P A L M

7 a must/ should 2 a shines h are visiting 5 G A Z E

b have to / need to b seems i knows 6 c R A W L

c must c speak j looks 7 S H o U L D E R S
d had to d am trying k get
e must / need to / should e know I leave / are leaving 3 a flat d wide
f need to f am making m arrive / arriving b freely e lately
g am spending c rough
2 a don't have to
b needn't 4a finger earm
c didn't need to show Writing page 8 b back f head
d don't have to / don't need to It is clear that for some of these c tongue g neck
e didn't have to people, such experiments with d feet h hair

3 a compulsory d is allowed appearance are successful, (a) but

b forbidden e don't have to
c can't
4 When you're twelve, you can / you're
allowed to buy pets.
You can't / you're not allowed to buy
pets until you're twelve.
When you're thirteen, you can / you're
allowed to get a part-time job.
o You can't / you're not allowed to get a
-v,
part-time job until you're thirteen.
When you're sixteen, you can / you're
allowed to leave school.
You can't / you're not allowed to leave
school until you're sixteen.
When you're eighteen, you can /
you're allowed to buy cigarettes.
You can't / you're not allowed to buy
ci§arettes until you're ei§hteen.
When you're eighteen, you can /
you're allowed to vote in elections.
You can't / you're not allowed to vote
in elections until you're eighteen.
When you're sixteen, you can / you're
allowed to become a soldier.
You can't / you're not allowed to
become a soldier until you're sixteen.
When you're seventeen, you can /
you're allowed to drive a car.
You can't / you're not allowed to drive
a car until you're seventeen.
Reading and Use of Engtish
Reading and Use of English
page 6
page 8
1D 28 3A 48 5C 6D
1A 28 3D 4D 5A
7 C 8A
things can go seriously wrong.
Unfortunately, (b) thís can cause
great unhappiness and can even ruin
people's lives.
It seems that the majority of
operations are on people (c) who are
simply unhappy with the way they
look. They believe that altering their
physical appearance will increase
their confidence or make them more
attractive to other people. They hope
surgery will make it easier for them to
make friends or to get a good job.
(d) Ihere have been many recent
reports about cosmetic surgery
operations that have gone wrong.
When I heard about these, I wondered
why so many people choose to have
these operations.
(e) Io conclude, I would suggest
that everyone considering cosmetic
surgery should first receive honest
medical advice and be warned about
the risks involved.
(f) There is no doubt that some
cosmetic operations are necessary
for medical or psychological reasons,
(g) for example for patients who have
been involved in serious accidents.
(h) However, it is clear from the
number of operations conducted
every year that most 'patients' are not
in (i) this category.
6C
Unit 2
Readrng and Use of English
page 10
1B 2D 3C 4A 5B 6A
7B 8A 9D 10C
Vocabulary page LL
7 a undervalued
b overdressed, underdressed
c overgrown
d extra-curricular
e overcritical / hypercritical
f extraordinary
g overqualified
2 a A cat which got ¡nto the house
through an open window set off the
burglar alarm / set the burglar
alarm off.
b We'd better set off early tomorrow.
We've got a long way to travel.
c Recently more and more people
have been setting up their own
internet companies.
d The police set their dogs on the
bank robbers as they tried to
escape.
e The terrible rain storms we've had
recently have set back the house-
building programme / set the
house-building programme back by
several months.
f I'm going to write to the principal
setting out my ideas / setting my
ideas out for improvements to the
school.

78
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9-0l-6 6
 2 a inform you, receive, to be claimed
b Simply write, your chosen items
c at your convenience
d they will be reserved, notify us, to
avoid additional charges
e photographs, required documents,
your identity card will be issued
immediately
Unit 3
Vocabutary page 16
1, a give back d g¡ving away
b gave out e gave in / gave uP
c give up
Grammar page 1-o
1-a3 b7 c2
2 a never got used to
b used to smoke
c are used to getting dressed
d get used to driving
e did you use to live
Listening pase L7
7C 2A 3C 48 5B 6C 7B
Audio script
o of money, until one day I lost
l¿ lnt This evening in our series 'ln my
experience' our guest is Maggie
Lyons an adviser to people who
are addicted to gambling. She
provides support to individuals
and gives talks to local
community groups. Welcome,
Maggie.
Maggie Thank you - hello.
lnt You have not always worked as
an adviser, have you?
Maggie No, certainly not. / was once
addicted to gamblinS myself.
lnt Can I start by asking you how
you became addicted and,
perhaps more importantly, how
you managed to kick the habit?
Magg¡e Well, let me start by saying it
was a lot more difficult to stop
than it was to start, lt began
in a very innocent way, really.
A §roup of us at work used to
meet for a game of cards every
week. We played for very low
stakes, but for some reason
I
almost always won, and sadly,
I
got ¡t into my head that I was a
luc§ person.
80
lnt That does sound very innocent.
How much money did you
actually make?
Maggie Next to nothing, really -
probably about five pounds a
week. Playing for money just
made the game a bit more
exciting. Anyway, because lwas
convinced that I was a lucky
person, I started gambling
online - and strangely I went
on winning. Believe it or not,
in my first week, I made over a
hundred pounds. Perhaps my
mistake was that I didn't tell
anyone what I was doin$. I kePt it
such a good secret.
lnt How much money did you make
in the end?
Magg¡e ln the first month, I made over
two thousand pounds. The
more I won, the more frequently
I played, and it wasn't long
before I was playing for three or
four hours every day.
lnt And did you go on winning?
Maggie For a while, yes. I was beginning
to think I couldn't lose, soI
gambled larger and larger sums
five thousand pounds.
lnt Five thousand?
Magg¡e Yes, but even then, I thought I'd
win again if I went on playing.
But over the next few weeks,
lost more often than I won, until
I had almost no money left in
the bank.
lnt So what did you do?
Magg¡e ln the end / asked my dad for a
loan - I told him I needed a new
car.
lnt And nobody advised you to stop?
Magg¡e No - because nobody knew. I
think my close friends misht
have guessed but didn't know
for sure. Anyway, to cut a long
story short, eventually I realized
gambling was ruining my life
and I decided to look for help.
lnt Where did you go?
Maggie I phoned a helpline and got an
appointment with an addiction
counsellor. She was brilliant.
lnt How did she help?
Magg¡e She said it was the activity I
was addicted to, rather than
the money, so her advice was
to §radually reduce the amount
of time / spent online, and to
Samble smaller and smaller
amounts of money each time.
At one point I thought about
getting together with other
addicts, but decided against it
in the end.
lnt And were you able to follow that
advice?
Maggie Well, eventually,yes, but I can't
pretend it was easy.
lnt Did you go on losing money?
Magg¡e Sometimes I won and
sometimes I lost, but the
amounts were never very large,
so the impact on my life was
not as great as it had been.
After two months I began to get
bored. Almost without realizing
il, I found / was choosin§ to
spend my money on c/othes,
books, go¡ng to the cinema -
things like that.
lnt So when was the last time you
gambled?
Maggie Three years ago. I can't believe
I was so stupid.
Int And now you help other PeoPle
with the same problem?
Magg¡e Yes, that's ri§ht. I work as
a volunteer for the same
organization that helPed me. I
use the same method, too.
I lnt And does it always work?
Maggie Usually, yes. The thing is, it
takes people different lengths of
time to kick the habit, but in the
end they nearly all do - or they
at /east reduce the¡r gambl¡ng to
a levelthey can control. Some
people are hapPy with that.
lnt You must find it very rewarding.
Magg¡e I do - because I know how
dreadful addiction can be.
lnt Next, we're going to talk to
someone who is still addicted to
online gambling and ask Maggie
to give her some advice.
Grammar page 17
!a experience e language
b lights f exercises
c noise g room
d much time
2 a bit/ piece / word
b bit / piece / sheet
c bit / stroke
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 f ,/ either boiling hot or freezing cold - and
e will object
Unit 5 the beds were narrow and really hard. I
h are you go¡ng to do / will you do Vocabulary page 28 woke up with backache every morning. lf
you were really unlucky, you'd be sharin§
3 a is going to be / will be 1a trip ecrossing
b am going to faint with someone who snored or be woken
b tour f cruise up in the middle of the ni§ht by a ticket
c am going c journey g voyage
d leaves inspector. lt wasn't the most restful way
d excursion to travel.
e will have worked / will have been
working 2adid Speaker 3
f will turn b campsite, put up The worst travelling experience l've ever
g am going to give up c landed had was when I was in the States. /
h will be thinking d boarded, crew, fasten was flying from Newark to Washin§ton
e package Dulles - about an hour's flight. We set
Reading and Use of English f miss off late, and then when we were half-way
g coach, booked to Washington, we were told that we
page 24
h ports, disembarked couldn't land because of bad weather
1C 28 3D 48 5D 6A i take and we had to turn back. Then, when
j lanes we got back to Newark, we found that
Grammar page 2s k souvenir all the flights to Washington had been
7 a too, enough c too 3 a pick me up e took off cancelledl We ended up sleeping on the
b too d enough b set off f stop over floor of the departure loun§e! We had to
2 b You aren't old enouSh to learn to c checked in g drop you off complain repeatedly to the Sround staff,
drive.
d see him off but eventually they put us on buses to
c You're walking too slowly to keep 4 a seat d time take us to our destination.
up with me. b tyre e parts Speaker 4
d These new jeans aren't big enough c room f change I don't suppose I could really
for me. recommend hitchhiking as a way of
e My brother lives too far away to Listening page 2e travelling these days, but when I did it,
it was a common way of getting around
o come for the weekend. 1E 2C 3A 4H 5D
.v, f I'm too short to reach the top shelf. on a tight budget. No one gave a second
Extra sentences: B, F, G
g I'm not well enou§h to come on thought as to whether it was safe or
holiday with you. Audio script not. When I was in my early twenties, I

Speaker 1 hitchhiked all round Europe, and never

Reading and Use of English Last year, I went to France on a day trip
page 26 with some friends. They were taking
their car and asked if I wanted to come
7 didn't have (enough) time
along as they had a spare seat. I was
2 is bound to pass
quite excited because I'd never travelled
3 have arranged a meeting / have
to France through the Channel Tunnel
arranged to meet
before - I'd always gone on the ferry
4 has been brought in
5 are unlikely ever to go / to ever go - and I have to say it was much faster
and much more convenient, but it was
6 picked it up while / by / when / whilst
also quite boring. lt was like being on a
plane with no windows, because there
Vocabulary page 26 was nothing to see except the car in
t b energetic h fair front and the car behind. I'm not saying
c creative i organized I wouldn't use the Tunnel again, but it
d patient j fit certainly wasn't what I expected.
e caring k enthusiastic Speaker 2
f brave I hard-working One summer, when I was a student, I
g sociable m cheerful travelled round Spain by train. I went
with a friend and we travelled at ni§ht
Writing page 27 to save money on accommodation. We
11b 2f 3a 4d slept in 'literas', which are bunk beds.
2a4 b1 c5 d3 e6 f2 There were six in each compartment:
three on each side, one on top of
the other. The temperature in our
compartment was never ri§ht - it was
once felt in any sort of danger. I loved it.
You never got bored because every day
was different - you never knew where
you were go¡ng to end up, and everY
person who gave you a lift was different.
You might be picked up by a couple in
an expensive car one day and a farmer
driving a tractor the next.
Speaker 5
I went to China last year with a tour
company. I'm not a great fan of
organized holidays as a rule, but if you're
going to a country where you don't know
the language, and you want to see as
much of it as you can in a short time,
then it's a good way to do it. Our guide
was very informative, and we saw an
awful lot, including how people live,
which was fascinating. But we didn't
stop from seven in the morning till seven
at ni§ht! /t was a very t¡r¡ng schedule and
it involved so much travelling! l'd have
liked to spend a week at a beach resort
at the end to recover. But that's my only
criticism.

82
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Ánue I ssaullpuauJ o Áuuns 'a¡qeÁo[ue
(ue) e T ]oF']uofl\ e I
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 Audio script
Today I'm going to talk about fish and
some recent research into how their
minds work. You are probably thinking
'Fish don't have minds, surely?' But that is
just one of the many wrong ideas people
have about fish. Today, I hope to dismiss
some of these ideas. The first thing I want
to say is that not all fish are the same.
And I'm not talking about the obvious
differences between one species of fish
and another; I'm talking about differences
within species. lt's been known for a long
time that animals like cattle and dogs are
all individuals, and behave differently in
different circumstances; but that's also
true of fish. Research has shown that
some fish are bold individuals who are risk-
takers, and others are shy and will avoid
taking risks.
Another wrong idea people have is that
fish have no memory. Unfortunately,
films like the Hollywood blockbuster
Finding Nemo, which stars a forgetful
blue fish called Dory, have reinforced this
idea. A f,sh's memory is longer than the
three seconds that people credit them
with. Research has shown that they can
o remember experiences for many months
.v, after just a little training. One trial involved
putt¡ng fish in a bi§ fishing net in a tank,
and moving the net quickly backwards and
forwards. The fish had to learn where the
hole in the net was in order to get out. lt
only took about five trials - that's about
15 to 20 minutes - for them to learn
it. Ihen when the same fish were tested
72 months later, it was found that they'd
remembered exactly where the escape
route was.
There has also been some rather
unusual research done on carp fairly
recently. ln this study they played jazz
and classical music to the carp. They
trained them to perform one task if they
heard jazz and a different task if they
heard c/assica/ music. You may ask how
they were able to do that. Well, fish have
quite a good hearing system, so they
can hear the music. But whether it's the
vibration of the music or the rhythm that
helps them to distinguish one kind of
music from the other is not yet known.
Many people ask me whether fish can
feel pain. ln one recent study, when the
lips of live trout were injected w¡th bee
venom, they rocked from side to side just
like some zoo animals do when they're
84
depressed or sad. They also rubbed the
affected area against the sides of the
tank and the gravel at the bottom. Ihis
appears to be similar to the behaviour
of people and animals, who also try to
reduce the intensity of pain in an affected
area by rubbing it.
However, there is another school of
thought that says that because fish don't
possess a neocortex, that's the outer part
of the brain believed to be responsible for
consciousness, they can't feel pain in the
same way we do.
Finally, you may be wondering what my
views are on keeping, for example, a
goldfish as a pet. Well, that's not really
for me to say, but research shows that
fish are more conscious creatures than
they were previously thought to be, so
personally lwould be a§ainst keeping
them in smallglass bowls. A tank would
certainly be preferable. But put lots of
things in it; change the scenery around
from time to time. lf you want your fish to
be happy and healthy, the most important
thing is that they're stimulated and
interested.
Writing page 3e
Music plays an important role in many
people's lives. Whether it is classical
music, pop music, rock music, jazz or
opera, we all listen to it at one time or
another for a variety of reasons.
Music can certainly affect our mood
(,) but the kind of music we listen to
will affect our mood differently. Upbeat
music generally makes people feet
happy (,) while slow music, particularly
if it reminds us of a painful event in our
past, can make us feel sad.
lf we are feeling sad or depressed,
music may lift our spirits. However, there
are many other activities people can do.
Many people find that doing exercise
is effective. For other people, spending
time with friends has the same positive
effect on their mood. Being out in the
countryside or by the sea can also work.
To sum up, music may be a good therapy
for some people when they are feeling
low, but for others it can have the
opposite effect. There are many other
activities which people can do which are
equally, if not more, effective.
Note: The punctuation marks in brackets
are optional.
Unit 7
Listening pase 40
1B 2A 3A 48 5C 6A 7C
Audio script
lnt Welcome to today's 'Free Time',
the programme which looks at the
work of unpaid volunteers. Last
week, we heard from Hamid, who
helps to organize a sports club
for children in his neighbourhood.
Today in the studio we have Jerry,
a 2O-year-old student. Jerry, could
you start by telling us briefly what
kind of volunteering you do?
Jerry Of course. I work on a steam
railway quite near to where I
study.
lnt A steam railway - that sounds
fascinating. Tell us more.
Jerry Well, as you've probably giuessed,
this is not an ordinary modern
railway which takes people to and
from work. lt's actually a historic
railway which ori§inally opened
in 1-865. /t used to transport coal
from the mines in the area to the
nearest port, which was about
fifty kilometres away. Ihese days,
it's mainly a tourist attraction,
although there is still a daily
service which takes people from a
small village to the nearest town.
lnt And what do you do to help with
the running of the railway?
Jercy Well, the only thing I don't do
is drive the engines. That's
specialist work I'm not qualified
to do. But / do everything else,
from selling tickets to passengers
to keep¡ng the station tidy and
servin§ in the café. What I like
best is helping to repair and
restore old steam engines. Being
an engineering student, that's
not too difficult for me to do and
I
find it absolutely fascinating. But
during the spring and summer,
there are a hundred and one
things to do to cater for the
visitors. So, §enerally speaking
we do this kind of work out of the
tourist season. There's a bit more
time for it then.
lnt And how is the railway funded?
Jerry We get a small grant from the
local council, but most of our
 98
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^ aul] a^es q
so)1elu lcolc tuJele otPer Á6¡ qsrl8ul Jo asn pue Eutpee¿ atu!] Jo olseM o
'euuuelBold smeu eltlnonert Atu p
llrl o] ol.ul] otul] lo ]no unj eI
dn euoc seq J punor Fultuoc ele c
]o punos aq] o] Icolc,o uo^as I,v e?ed Ñe¡nqe3o¡
aXeM ¡ s,ieP IroM uO uetuo¡ punor ouec o ssolce oulec q
]e dn
I qlrm dn euoc p ]no ouoc e Z
'L,lcnuJ os ]tst^ rleU] Ful,io[ua
r.l]!M o
1d¡rcs o!pnv e¡doed Fulees Sutprer*al Áren s,1¡
ro] ! uop 'reeÁ eql Jo ]sar aL,l] roJ eBelene
V8 JL LUorJt,l ]o c
uo lqFluuo} e acuo ]noqe aroLl]
c9 v9 3V Ct VZ 8T Áq 7 tl]!M q
tU,l pue Uollece^ leUunS ,{tU
uo J roleT. Áue¡
Lv a?ed flutualSt1 Fu¡rnp spuoloo/v\ ]sotu ereql laE I
zv a?ed Árelnqeso¡ ¿eroLl] Fu¡¡rom Pueds
'olllol o] ]lelv\ ],uec ¡ieqt ieql o1 eBeueu no,i op oultl t.lcnuJ A oH lul
Eu¡roq os ore sqol s,e¡doad euoS a 80T O6 V8 CL 'sJruonnos pue spleclsod ,inq uec
'uoalxls C9 V9 8V VT CZ CT srolrstn araL{A 'doqs UIF aql Pue
]e looL.lcs ]Jol ],uPeLl Áaq1 qstm glec oll] s,olaL4] 'oslnoo jo 'PUV
Zt eBed
oqm e¡doed Jo tol e Llcns oul I P 'Áem¡ret oLl] Jo ,irolstq palerlsnlll
^
'lsrU Sotls¡ut1 s,{em¡e r.,lstl8ul Jo asn pue Sutpee¿ ue oos uec no,{ olal,uv\ al}uoc
aLls ]eL.l] ]se] os sallr^ elpnelc rolrsrn e s,olotll 'peltedet Fu¡eq
'uoounojt se/v\ aLl uaLl^ ,{ltstantun palcaqc
]o ssacord eql ut suteJ] [uea]s Plo
oL{
arnsse.ld poolq req ]eE / enet¡ | oos uec no,i e,leqr* spotls eu¡Fue
olul loE }eLl} tlFlq os s¡ §¡ s,uqo¡
pauF¡sap ]! peLl !
o
'slreu lseqBlq eq] sleB sÁenn¡e aqs oLl] ore aroq] uaLl1 'lnlrapuo^^
polsa] se¡ia ,iu EullteB / Fulneul ue L.l
-Y, ]eL{} ralJo^ pleLl e Llcns sl elle[ ez s,]! ),lulL]] spll aq] osrnos lo puv
]nc ]l FulllaF / 7ul¡e,4 7 'wotll to1du\ et?Plsou Pu e st
JOpeOJS/v\OU F
]no uaxe] ]! peq I Áeutno[ uu] aLll os - n?unoÁ
ollsqa^ J
U/v\oP]nc ]! PeLl aM a
preoqÁe¡ o aten Áeql uaql wuL suul ueals
pauealc ]l BulileB / Fulnetl ue P
uMopleaJq p )aqwewal s/ol/s/^ unpe aql Jo
partedat ]l ]aE / eneq o1 c
roJnlcol Altslentun c auos 'Uod aq] se JeJ se ou!l Plo
palerocap Luoorpaq lloU] EulneLl ale q
autBua L.lcreas q eq] Jo ulBua¡ aloll/v\ aq] uedo-er
]uelstsse doqs e Í,
para^tlap ]l FulueB / Fu¡neq ue e t o] edoq em 'Á¡¡en1uen3 'reeÁ lxeu
'IAO/v\
sarlotuolt).1 o;oLu entrt uado o1
et aFed Ñelnqelo¡ e ecuo t,lslqqnr s,e¡doad (s)lcalloc 'luauou aLl]
Euluueld aJ,aM pue
lrcunoo aW /,{aul} 'ule}Ug ul o ]e uedo aut¡ Aem¡ter jo sorloulolll
'rotl Ful/v\ollo] uel s,aloLlI 'uleJ] aLl] uo ,ieulnoI
I llun seM ueuloM possoJp-,ileBuells e st lle lo ]ueuodul ]sohl Árra¡
e ]qBnoq] olEuv ']ueulotu e rol P ¿Aenn¡ter
¿Uels qo[ 'ieBlo} ],uoc ',ieP e acl/v\]
Otl] SOOp uOl.Uv\ 'Sl uOtlsOnb r{¡uo Á6¡ e ol.l] aas o] otuoo Aaql ueqm oP
'ouo uo Eop eql peal o1 Paau (tltm) no^ 3 o] sjollslA roJ orolll sl ]eqM puv lul
uroorssels otl] olul 'spua),laa^
polrom ronou oneq | 'seuuelBold
pool Fu¡rq ]ou ]snu sluapnls / no^ q ]sotu sraolunlo^ uoollu Jo
u¡-euoqd otper spreBer sY P
'pl!Llc auo a^eL,l
'¡nou Eulppo/v\ all] lecuec ],uec oM os eBelene ue anell a/v\ ]nq 'leeÁ ¡o
'suorlelrnur eq] ]no luas pue LlclnLlc aul] oL{] uo EutPuadeP setren 1¡ Ar¡ef
pue poljletu ue I 'poulocuoc ale
3
aLl] palooq,{peer¡e a^eL{ oM / Aaqt ez ¿alall] ate noÁ rto ,iueu mo¡1 lul
sluoLUlll.utuoc ,{¡tLue¡ ,itl se leJ sv
'sree¿{ ooltl} Eulcunouue aq lll/rl ecunouue lll/v\ !'
'sloalunloA lle ole sn
/
ur papueLl oq ! lo ]soJ eUI 'FuloF :r,afotd eql dea»l
roJ solels pa]lun ol.ll u! polro^ |
paltnu! ],us! ,/ poltnul ueeq ],useq Ll ol lsnl ewocut Jo lunowe uteuac
'uorlsanb puocos lnoÁ o] loMSUe ul q
']r Áo[ue Á¡¡ear JAAO e paau a^4 os rcFeuew ssaursnq
-
e Z uale] sem 'apeut uaaq oneLl 7 e pue sJaN)p autFue
ol¡l - ]lels
| 'uorsr^alo] u! Fullro¡n spreBar sV
uantB se¡n I ew!t1n] aatql sÁo¡dwa ÁeNlet aql
il za 9p r,c €q1 U/v\OP aYOlq ']UOS OIO/V\ A ptfi Áuedwoc aLU'slollsln
sun o
s? eBed 8ur1rr¡¡ ]qFnec sem 'Paute/v\ se/v\ P ulol¡ ,i¡lcellp souloc otuocul
 I've listened to this programme
for as long as I can remember
- so long, in fact, that I now
think of the main newsreaders
almost as friends.
2 newspapers you can get online.
lnt Can I ask you a few questions
about the newspapers you
read?
Man Certainly, what would you like to
know?
lnt Well first of all, do you read a
newspaper every day, or only
occasionally?
Man Every day. Actually, I read two
papers - the News Daily on the
way to work and the Financial
Times when I get to work.
lnt When you're reading the News
Daily, what do you read first?
Man Well, I glance atthe main
stories, then turn to the back
and read the day's sports news.
3 Man How many channels can you
Woman I have to admit, I love those
magazines that tell you all about
celebrities, you know, film stars,
singers, TV personalities. I love
finding out the details of their
o private lives: who's having an
.Y
affair with who, who's bought
an expensive new house, who's
expecting a baby. Most of all,
I like read¡ng about what's
happening in my favourite soap
operas.l know some people
pretend they aren't interested
in this kind of thing but I don't
believe them. I think everyone's
curious about how the rich and
famous live their lives.
4 children, but which was certainly
Teenage I hardly ever watch TV.
boy I'm probably not typical of
someone my age, but I find
most programmes completely
predictable. I §et very bored
watching'N - l'd much rather be
actually doing somethinS. So, for
example, / spend a fair amount
of time playing football or
swimming. The only programmes
I try to watch regularly are music
programmes - | try to catch the
charts every week. But I can
honestly say, I never watch the
news or documentaries. Most of
all I hate game shows - they're
just so middle-aged.
86
5 Man
Man I'd never really thought of
the internet as part of the
media - but then one of my
colleagues told me about all the
I subscribe to the New York
Iimes - which means I get sent
the online version as an email
every day. lt's fantastic. / m
totally amazed that anyone sti//
buys the paper. You can even
find out background information
by following the links at the ends
of the stories. lt's certainly a
quick and easy way of finding
out what's go¡ng on in the world.
6 Vocabulary
Woman Did you see the film on Channel
29 last night?
Man No, we haven't got satellite TV.
Woman Really? You don't know what
you're missing.
get?
Woman Ei§hty-three at the moment, but
it's §oing up to one hundred and
fiftynext year.
Man I don't think I could cope with all
that choice. /t's bad enou§h at
the moment, having sx channels
to choose from.
Woman You'd get used to rt.
Man l'm not sure I'd want to get
used to it - especially if §reater
choice meant poorer quality
programmes.
7
Woman I've recently read some research
which may come as no surprise
to teachers and parents of small
news to me. The basic finding
is this: the more often parents
read to their children from a very
early age, the greater the effect
on their language skills, such
as reading and speaking. lt was
found that reading to children
six or seven times a week puts
them almost a year ahead of
those who are not read to on a
regular basis. lt's clear that this
will §ive children who are read to
a massive advanta§e.
8 c
Man What time do we need to leave
in the morning?
Woman Half past ei§ht at the latest.
Oh! But I've asked the
decorator to come round.
Woman What time?
Man Well, I asked him to come first
thing. He said he'd be here by
nine. That'll be okay, won't it?
Woman l'm not sure. The ferry leaves at
ten and it takes about an hour
to get there.
Man Hmm - that could be a problem.
Woman Can't we ask him to come next
week?
Man We could - but l'd prefer to rin§
him and see if he can §et here a
bit earlier.
Woman Well, it's worth a try.
pase 48
L a goes by d going on
b go after e go up
c go through f go along with
Reading and Use of Eng[ish
page 48
1B 2A 3D 4D 5D 6A
Grammar page 50
1, a 'Hurry up. We're going to be late.'
b 'Do you think I should wear my
long dress or my short stripy one /
dress?'
c 'l think you should wear your black
dress. / Why don't you wear your
black dress?'
d 'l can't. lt's at the dry-cleaner's.' /
'l can't because it's at the dry-
cleaner's.'
e 'l don't care what you wear, but if
we're late, I might lose my job.'
2a Delia said (that) she'd love to and
asked him what time it started.
Paul replied that it started / would
start (at) about ten but that she
could come when she liked.
b Delia said (that) she'd been invited
to Paul's party. Angie asked when
it was.
Delia replied that it was on
Saturday. She added that she didn't
want to go but (she) couldn't say no.
Angie suggested that Delia should
phone him / Paul on Saturday and
say (that) she didn't feel well.
Paul's mother warned him not
to make too much noise. She
added that she didn't want any
complaints from the neighbours.
Paul promised (that) he wouldn't.
 L8
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'ut
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ot qsl^ l¡qeqotd ¡¡m noÁ uaql
uoAl 'vnoLlxts )o 'salnuw Ogg
oq pnol weqt Jo tlcee le tuads
seJnww nol Tsnf os 'sllg/qxa
ñaulu lnoqe are uaLU'snoLl
)nol pue ouLlt uaa^ laq sJ lels
a?ete¡e aql su/oas y 'sqTuow
nal Tsed
eql )oto lno pauJec
queesu wu!'relelnb el]]!l
ere sFultl] uol¡/v\ 'Og'Z JaUe
ro -'tu'e 6 punoJe - Futqr
Ialueo
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¿or,uoc o] oru!] ]saq eLl]
sr uaq/v\ 'Eutllsln Jo Fu!>.lultll
are oqM a¡doed rol ',{¡¡eut¡ og ,elueseld
'llo/v\ Se
uaq] souocla^ 1t Á¡sno¡nqo
UEnoql'sdnorB leluoLxuorl^uo
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noqe paurccuoc ñtetnclued
o lou ile oqlÁ suolug uoullw
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sn uaa^4]a q d¡qsuoqe¡et
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orll ruor¡ e¡t¡ ¡ue¡d poue^ qlt/v\
eue )ooplno uado ue s/ s/qJ
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aL,l]
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earq] aL{} }o anlsse.ldtul
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6 ]!un
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uec I adoq I 'Ioolo,o 9 le uotlels
oll] solearcar ouotg sctdorl
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plLUnH oLll 'ppo/v\ oLl] punore
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punol 'pallec ere,{eq} se
'uotuldo ¡{tu ut 'ole Llctlyv\
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satruelBo.td otpet ,{ueu ole olaLll c
e
eq] olearcil ede looplno
'Fulualsll ere
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no,i a¡tqrn Bulqleirtos oP uec noÁ
'sree¡{ antl-Á1uam} }seol }e
leLl] Eulaq ]slu all] 'uotstne¡e] lo^o
]sel o] pooluerenB s¡ qctqm
seLl otper seBeluenpe o^ ] lo )4u!L.l]
'c\se¡d luarcdsuetl'Fuotls
uec 1 /'Fuluelsll ere no¡( al!q/v\
fua¡ e qyw puaAoo sagnl /aals
Eulr.,lleulos op uec noÁ ]eq] st tlclLl/v\
lo Fu¡lsrsuoc pue - ssolce
sorlauj eulu,{le}eulxo.ldde JO ]SIt Otl] 'UOlSlAAlOl JAAO SeLl
L.lceo - suoBexeq ¡o dn
olper saFeluenpe o/vu Jo IUltl] uec I q
'secualpne aFre¡ sleB pue
apeu salrole^losuoc alll
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uorluo^ul ]ue!lllrq e sl olper lecol e z
]ce[ord aL,lI 'as;noc JO lelueo
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p ra^aMoH
],ueneq oqm e¡doad lo,t'og ,eluaserd pueq roqlo ell] uo e T,
'Jale^ e¡due'tte uea¡c'oleutlc
ls eBed 3utltt¡¡
p¡ttu :,i¡¡ecrseq'suolllpuoc
le!ueo
lce¡ad eql peplnord ]l la!ueo orolaq 8 seq v
¿lle/v\uroC ul l! pllnq o] OSL set
I
aprcap,iaql ptp,{q¡¡ ¿A¡¡eeg ,alueserd ulBnoue Z
'ile/ uo) ut J! 9
]nq I dn r.
awll lilu )leLll s,l! s/ol/s/^ o{./l
lo %Og tol'{,¡fu¡zewv 'peuqe trg aBed
pUe ulell]B tUo]l qloq lee,{ r.,lsrlSul Jo osn pue Sutpee¡
e sJolrsrA uo!llltu z punole
seBerene pue'trOO¿ u¡ ct¡qnd ']aarls Fuly ut ]uetnelsar asoutqC
¡ereuaB eql o] peuedo ]l /v\au oLl] Fu!,irl palseBFns olsns o
'yn aq] ur suollcer]]e lollsl^ 'Ful¡ied uo polstsu! Pl^eO P
FulBreulc te¡ndod ]sotu oL.l] 'ales
Jo auo Sl pUe lle/v\UJoC ul l,use^ ]r asnecoq alolll peoJ aLl]
]cal"ord leluotuuoltnua ue st ssojc o] lou l.uol pouje^ ueu eql c
]ce|ord uopf aql 'oslnoc lO lo!ueo 'luasard Áepqytq e rollle] raLl
¿uorleuroJUl teB ol Jotl populuar taLlloLu s,eJnel q
punotB¡ceq Jo ]tq e sn 'llnl qlnou slt,l t-,lll/v\ ¡eeds
FutntB ¡iq noÁ p¡noc 'st
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lcafor¿ uapf el.l] ]eq/v\ oul 'aleL.l] uooq peLl uqor
^
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JO ]l}euoq oLl] ro} 'lolueo JAlUeSOld porlslu!J ],upeLl ]! ]eLl] poppe aH ']!
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]Sl I eluatU u Ol lAUo auloclo/v\
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o] paseeld are em Áepo1 ,eluosord 'ÁUed s,lned o] otuoc
lducs o!pnv ],upel1 eqs Áqm ellag Po>lse olad P
 Vocabu[ary page 53 c The golden eagle, whose eggs are Reading and Use of Engtish
stolen by unscrupulous collectors,
t a to f about, to is now an endangered species.
page 57
b in g against d What's the name of the girl who / 1, f. international 5 sisht
con hon that got married to Chris Small? ls 2 medical 6 strengthening
d to i to, between it Louise? 3 donation 7 blindness
ein j to e Can you think of any reason why he 4 knowledge 8 treatment
2 a make, with f takes, for m¡ght have done it?
b making, from g take, in f I don't know of any restaurants Writing page 57
c take, off h make, of where you can get a decent meal
t a lf parking in the town centre were
d make, for i take, at for under Lts.
made more expensive, people
e made, with g What's the name of that singer
misht be encouraged to leave their
whose record was number one last
cars at home.
Reading and Use of Engtish month? The one who / that writes
b A park-and-ride scheme could be
page 55 his own songs.
introduced. A car park could be
h United's second goal, which was
1D 2C 3A 48 5C 6B scored in the final minute, won
built outside the town with cheap
parking, and free transport could
them the cup.
Vocabutary page 55 be provided into the town centre.
i Sally's going out with someone who
c More bicycle racks, where bikes can
1, observation / observer, prediction, / lhal she met at Jason's party. be left safely, should be installed.
definition, explanation, reaction, j Not surprisingly, we never got d Cars could be banned from go¡ng
variation / variely, behaviour, back the things which / that we'd
into the town centre altogether and
performance / performer, occurrence, reported stolen.
only bikes, taxis and buses (be)
suggestion, fluctuation, eruption k We'll be staying at the Seaview allowed.
Hotel, which is on the seafront.
e lf the suggested changes were
Grammar page 56 I The best time to go to Scotland is implemented, the amount of
June, when the weather is warmer.
7 a Non-defin¡ng: The word 'smo§',
m I've decided I don't like the shoes
pollution in the town centre would
which was coined in the early 2oth be reduced.
which / lhal I bought on Saturday.
century, combines the words
o
.y 'smoke' and 'fog'. n The Hilton is expensive, which is
b Non-defining: ln the late 1-9th
what you'd expect. After all, it is a Unit 10
five-star hotel.
century, London, which was known Reading and Use of English
as 'The Big Smoke', suffered
o The girl over there who / that is
talking to John used to go to my page 59
almost constant foggy conditions.
school.
c Defining 1D 2A 3B 4C 5D 6A
d Defining 3 Sentences e, i, j, m 7C 8B 9B 10C
e Non-definin§: Because of the poor 4 a The guest house we stayed at
visibility, which was often less than when we were in Prague was risht Vocabutary page se
one metre, dozens died in road in the city centre.
accidents. b The couple we shared our table at
77a dessert bdesert
f Non-defining: These days smog, lunch with were from Poland. / The
2a compliment bcomplement
which particularly affects people couple we shared our table with at
3a stationary bstationery
who have respiratory problems, lunch were from Poland.
4a effect baffect
is mainly caused when fuel c The travel agency we booked our
5a economical beconomic
emissions from cars react with holiday through was excellent.
6a principle bprincipal
sunli§ht in humid, still atmospheric d The tour, which we had heard so 2a on d off

conditions. much about, was definitely worth boff e up

g Defining go¡ng on. c with f up
h Defining e The audio guide, which we would 3 a gamble e advice
i Defining have been lost without, was b blame f dislike
2a The 10.05 from London to Norwich, available in several languages. c interest g offence

which is due to arrive at Platform f The holiday we'd looked forward to d seat
1, will call at Colchester, lpswich so much was over too soon.
and Norwich. Grammar page 6o

b We'll have the party next Friday, Lahad

which is the day when / that he b hadn't gone
comes out of hospital. c could
d would put

88
 68
ol pua ue ueew J,uotL stec Fu!Ñl n8
'Aqteeu plo4rle ue poau noÁ'os¡y'slnoLl
C8 VL
pue O]IUV]H
8 T luBll,iep Fu¡rnp la^er] Á¡uo uec no'{
c9 V9 8V Vt XZ, 'Eu r,{¡¡ }r.,lFl I
uouo I aL'l}eo^ IUOHS UC ll to vj
T, lorc ru s}uanerd
Áue CN I ll VI v
v[t
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 Audio script
t very special about writing
Woman I think the British use more
gestures than they used to.
It may be partly because we
come into contact with other
nationalities more often than in
the past - you know, on foreign
holidays, or when we see
foreigners on television. I think
we've got used to seeing people
gesturing, and we've started
doing it ourselves. I remember
when / was a child lthought
anyone who moved their hands
and arms about when they were
talking was very odd. Now I'd
say it's much more common.
2 blink?
lnt Do you think you could tell
us something about how you
learned Thai?
Man Of course. lt was when I
was worklng as a teacher in
Bangkok.
Int Did you have lessons or did you
just pick it up?
Man Both. I lived with a Thai family,
and I also went to evening
o can still remember the first lie
.v, classes at a local college.
lnt Did the family teach you?
Man Not exactly, but I certainly
learned from them. Even though
they could speak English very
well, I insisted that they always
spoke to me in Thai. That way I
was forced to use the lansuase.
lnt And the evening classes?
Man They helped of course, but
I found the grammar quite
difficult.
3 angry - just really upset. I'll
Woman I've known Maggie since we
were at school together. We've
met regularly ever since. One
year she'll come and stay with
me, and the next l'll visit her.
And we've had a few holidays
together. And on top of that
we've always written resular
/etters. We've been doing it now
for over forty years. We've only
ever missed a couple of letters:
once when I was away on
holiday and once when Maggie
was in hospital having one of
her children. We've thought
about changing to the phone
90
or email, but there's something
old-fashioned letters.
4 Woman ljust waited and hoped
Man And remember, when you're
answering the interviewer's
questions, look them
in the eye.
Woman I find it quite difficult to keep
eye contact for longer than
a few seconds. I feel quite
embarrassed.
Man You need to practise doing
il. Obviously, you've got to be
careful not to look as if you're
starin§, so that means not
opening your eyes too wide.
Woman What about blinking? ls it OK to
Man Yes, of course. lt's not some
kind of competition to see
who's the first to blink. lt's just
a way of showins that you're
interested in the person you're
talking to.
5 interested. We met a couple
Man I wouldn't say I'm a particularly
honest person - it's just that
I'm just not very good at lying.
ever told. I was about six at the
time. I had some medicine for a
sore throat and I hated the taste
of it. My mother promised she'd
take me shopping as soon as I'd
had this horrible medicine. So
hid the medicine at the back of
a cupboard and told my mother
I'd taken il. About five minutes
after we got back from the shops
my mother found it. She wasn't
never forget the look on her
face.
6 Man And can I access the internet
Woman lt was awful - ljust didn't know
what to do.
Man Didn't you have your mobile with
you?
Woman Yes, I did, but the battery was
flat.
Man What about the emergency
phones? There's usually one of
those about every 500 metres.
Woman I could probably have reached
one, but I was worried about
leaving the car and walking
around outside on my own. And
it was rush hour - the road was
incredibly busy.
Man So what did you do?
someone would stop and
help me. The thing is, I've
never changed a tyre before.
Eventually, thank goodness, a
police car stopped.
7
Woman I took early retirement from
work because of illness and
decided to do a course in
creative writing at our local
university. lt was just for fun,
really - and to keep myself
occupied - I never thou§ht l'd
get anything published. The
course lasted two years and
towards the end they invited
a number of literary agents to
meet us. During the second
year, I wrote the first draft of a
story connected with my family
and one of the agents seemed
more times and he decided to
take me on. And the rest, as
I they say, is history. My second
novel's coming out next month.
I
8
Woman We're open every day except
Sundays.
Man OK - and how do I become a
member?
I Woman lf you complete this form and
bring it back here, we'll issue
you a card.
Man And what does that entitle me
to?
Woman lt allows you to use all of our
facilities and to take out three
books at a time for up to two
weeks.
here?
Woman Yes, we have a computer suite
on the first floor.
Man Great! And how much is all this?
Woman At the moment, there's no
charge if you live locally, but
there may be a fee for internet
usage in the future.
Man Thank you very much.
 T6
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 Speaker 5
You have to realize that these young
people haven't got much money and
so there is a limited number of things
they can do. They can't afford to go to
the cinema or go bowling, or at least
not very often. They are too young to
go to pubs or nightclubs. They want to
be with other young people their own
age, but they don't want to be stuck at
home. So what do they do? Hang about
in the street, meet up with other young
people and get into trouble quite simply
because they are bored.
d ln addition to increasing the
number of police officers on the
street, more CCTV cameras should
be installed and linked directly to
the police station.
e Buses should run throuShout the
night so that people wouldn't have
to walk home.
f Not only would these improvements
make our town a safer place to be
at night but also a more pleasant
place to be (at night).
Grammar page 7 4

Reading and Use of Engtish

t a lcould/mighthave
b she can't be / mustn't be
page 70 c I mi§ht
t 1D 2A 3E 48 5E 6B d must have taken
7C 8A 9C 10D e can't have been / mi§ht not have
been / must not have been
Vocabutary page 72 f lt must be
g I could / might be
t a arrested, shoplifting h You must have
b burglary, burgled i we must have
c speeding, drink-driving j You mi§ht not have given him
d hooligans k She could / might / must be
e mugger I lt could / might / must be
f vandalism 2 a can't d can't
2 a committing, arrested, charged b can't e could
o b court, bail, trial, trial
.v, c may
c jury, verdict, guilty, guilty
d jud§e, probation, committed, 3 a the
sentence, death penalty
b A / The, the, the
c The
3 a fill it up d a,an,A
b tore the letter up e a, the, the, a
c wrapped up f a,a
d drink up g o, the, the
e tidy it up h The, the, @,lhe
f Eat up
g clear up
4a a (6) f a, a (9)
Reading and Use of English b The, the (10) 6
b a,al)
c an (1) h A, tne 12¡
page 73
d a, a, a (g) i a (5)
L L household 5 achievement e an, a (3) j a, @ (4)
2 disposable 6 possession(s)
3 financial 7 unwanted
4 equipment 8 functional Vocabutary page 75
7 a sot away with
Writing page 73 b is / was getting on
7 a Both older people and many young c didn't get on
people are scared to go into the d get away
town centre at night. e get me down
b As the bars and clubs are open f §ot by
until late, some people end up g get over
drinking too much. h Sot out
c As well as becoming argumentative,
some people get into fights.

92