Dadas las siguientes matrices obtener, si es posible, EL POLINOMIO CARACTERÍSTICO, LOS VALORES PROPIOS,

VECTORES PROPIOS, VERIFICAR QUE LA MATRIZ ES DIAGONALIZABLE, LAS MATRICES "P","D" y "P^-1".
Compruebe el resultado

( )
−3 −2 1
6) F −8 3 1
−4 4 −2

Det (F – 𝝀I) = 0

( ) ( )( )( )( )
−3 −2 1 1 0 0 −3 −2 1 λ 0 0 −3−λ −2 1
F – 𝝀I = −8 3 1 – 𝝀 0 1 0 = −8 3 1 - 0 λ 0 = −8 3− λ 1
−4 4 −2 0 0 1 −4 4 −2 0 0 λ −4 4 −2−λ

( )
−3−λ −2 1
Det (F – 𝝀I) = −8 3− λ 1 =0
−4 4 −2−λ

( )
−3−λ −2 1
−8 3− λ 1
−4 4 −2−λ
−3−λ −2 1
−8 3− λ 1

((-3- λ )(3- λ )(-2- λ ) + (-8) (4)(1) + (-4) (-2) (1)) – ((1)(3- λ )(-4) + (1)(4)(-3- λ ) + (-2- λ )(-2)(-8))

((-9 + λ ² )(-2- λ ) – 32 + 8) – ((-4)(3- λ ) + (4)(-3- λ ) + (16)(-2- λ )

(18 + 9 λ – 2 λ ² – λ ³ - 32 + 8 – (-12 + 4 λ - 12 - 4 λ + (-2- λ )(16)

(-14 + 9 λ – 2 λ ² – λ ³ + 8 – ((-12 + 4 λ ) + (-12 - 4 λ ) (-2- λ )(16)

(-6 + 9 λ – 2 λ ² – λ ³ – (-12 + 4 λ – 12 – 4 λ (-2- λ )(16))

(-6 + 9 λ – 2 λ ² – λ ³ – (- 24 (-2- λ )(16))

(-6 + 9 λ – 2 λ ² – λ ³ – (- 24 – 32 – 16 λ )

(-6 + 9 λ – 2 λ ² – λ ³ – (– 56 – 16 λ )

(-6 + 9 λ – 2 λ ² – λ ³ – (-56)(– 16 λ )

(-6 + 9 λ – 2 λ ² – λ ³ + 56 + 16 λ )

- λ ³ – 2 λ ² + 25 λ + 50

Ruffini

- λ ³ – 2 λ ² + 25 λ + 50 los divisores de 50 son 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 y 50

 -1 -2 25 50

2 0 -50 λ = -2
-1 0 25 0 λ =5
-5 -25

-1 -5 0 λ = -5
5
-1 0

- λ ³ – 2 λ ² + 25 λ + 50 = – ( λ + 5) ( λ – 5) ( λ + 2)

Valores propios
λ ₁=−5
λ ₂=5
λ ₃=−2
El polinomio característico puede expresarse como producto de polinomio de grado 1, por lo tanto, es
diagonalizable.

2) Obtener los vectores propios asociados (F − 𝝀𝑰) ⃗v = 0⃗

( )( ) ( )
−3−λ −2 1 a 0
−8 3− λ 1 b = 0
−4 4 −2−λ c 0

λ ₁=−5

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ()
−3−(−5) −2 1 a 2 −2 1 a 2 a−2b +c 0 2 a−2 b+ c=0
−8 3−(−5) 1 b = −8 8 1 b = −8 a+ 8+c = 0 ⇒ −8 a+8+ c=0
−4 4 −2−(−5) c −4 4 3 c −4 a+ 4 b+ 3 c 0 −4 a+ 4 b+3 c =0

−8+ 4 c=−8
8b +6 c=8
2 a−2 b+ c=0 −2 b+c =−2 10 c=0
⇒ a = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ (4)Ec1 – (2)Ec3 ⇒
−4 a+ 4 b+3 c =0 4 b+3 c=4 0
c=
10
c=0
-2b + c = -2
-2b + 0 = -2
-2b = -2
 −2
b=
2
b=1
1
v₁ = 1
⃗
0

λ ₂=5

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ()
−3−5 −2 1 a −8 −2 1 a −8 a −2 b c 0 −8 a−2 b+c=0
−8 3−5 1 b = −8 −2 1 b = −8 a −2 b c = 0 ⇒ −8 a−2 b+c=0
−4 4 −2−5 c −4 4 −7 c −4 a 4 b −7 c 0 −4 a+ 4 b−7 c=0

−8 a−2 b+c=0 −2 b+ c=8 (−4)−2 b+ c=8

⇒ a = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ Ec1 – Ec3 ⇒
−4 a+ 4 b−7 c=0 4 b−7 c=4 (−2 ) 4 b−7 c=4
(−4)−2 b+ c=8 8 b−4 c=−32
=
(−2 ) 4 b−7 c=4 −8 b+14 c=−8
10 c=−40
−40
c=
10
c=−4
−2 b+c =8
−2 b−4=8
−2 b=8+4
12
−2 b=
−2
b=−6

1
⃗
v ₂ = −6
−4

3
λ =−2

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
−3−(−2) −2 1 a −1 −2 1 a −a −2 b c 0 −a−2 b+c=0
−8 3−(−2) 1 b = −8 5 1 b = −8 a 5 b c 0 ⇒ −8 a+5 b +c=0
−4 4 −2−(−2) c −4 4 0 c −4 a 4 b 0 0 −4 a+ 4 b+ 0=0
 −10 b+5 c=5
10 b+2 c=16
−a−2 b+c=0 −2 b+c =1 7 c=21
⇒ a = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ (5)Ec1 – (2)Ec2 ⇒
−8 a+ 5b +c=0 5 b+c=8 21
c=
7
c=3
-2b + c = 1
-2b + 3= 1
-2b = 1 -3
−2
b=
−2
b=1
1
⃗
v₃ = 1
3
Valores propios

λ ₁=5
λ ₂=−5
λ ₃=2

( )
−5 0 0
D= 0 5 0
0 0 −2

1 1 1
⃗
v₁ = 1 ⃗
v ₂ = −6 ⃗
v₃ = 1
0 −4 3

( )
1 1 1
P = 1 −6 1
0 −4 3
 P¯¹= 1 1 1
1 -6 1
0 -4 3

1 1 1 1 0 0
1 -6 1 0 1 0 F2= F2 - 1*F1
0 -4 3 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0
0 -7 0 -1 1 0 F2=F2/-7
0 -4 3 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 F1=F1 -1 * F2
0 1 0 1/7 - 1/7 0
0 -4 3 0 0 1 F3 = F3 -4*F2

1 0 1 6/7 1/7 0
0 1 0 1/7 - 1/7 0
0 0 3 4/7 - 4/7 1 F3 = F3/3

1 0 1 6/7 1/7 0 F1=F1 -1 * F3

0 1 0 1/7 - 1/7 0
0 0 1 4/21 - 4/21 1/3

1 0 0 2/3 1/3 - 1/3

0 1 0 1/7 - 1/7 0
0 0 1 4/21 - 4/21 1/3

Matriz inversa: 2/3 1/3 - 1/3

1/7 - 1/7 0
4/21 - 4/21 1/3

Comprobación

F = 𝑷𝑫𝑷−𝟏

( )
2 1 −1
3 3 3

( )( )( )
−3 −2 1 1 1 1 −5 0 0
1 −1
−8 3 1 = 1 −6 1 * 0 5 0 * 0
7 7
−4 4 −2 0 −4 3 0 0 −2
4 −4 1
21 21 3
 ( )( )
1 11 −5 0 0
P*D = 1 −6 1 * 0 5 0
0 −4 3 0 0 −2

P*D11 = -5
P*D12= 5
P*D13 =-2
P*D21= -5
P*D22= -30
P*D23= -2
P*D31= 0
P*D32= -20
P*D33= -6

( )
−5 5 −2
P*D = −5 −30 −2
0 −20 −6

F = 𝑷𝑫𝑷¯¹

( )
2 1 −1
3 3 3

( )
−5 5 −2
1 −1
P*D * P¯¹ = −5 −30 −2 * 0
7 7
0 −20 −6
4 −4 1
21 21 3

−10 5 8
P*D * P¯¹11= + − =−3
3 7 21
−5 5 8
P*D * P¯¹12= − + =−2
3 7 21
5 2
P*D * P¯¹13= − =1
3 3
−10 30 8
P*D * P¯¹21= − − =−8
3 7 21
−5 30 8
P*D * P¯¹22= + + =3
3 7 21
5 2
P*D * P¯¹23= − =1
3 3
−20 24
P*D * P¯¹31= − =−4
7 21
 20 24
P*D * P¯¹32= + =4
7 21
−6
P*D * P¯¹33= =−2
3

( )
−3 −2 1
F = P*D * P¯¹ = −8 3 1
−4 4 −2

( ) ( )
−3 −2 1 −3 −2 1
F = −8 3 1 = P*D * P¯¹ = −8 3 1
−4 4 −2 −4 4 −2

( )
−7 0 4
7) G −6 −1 4
−5 5 1

1)Obtener los valores propios de la matriz.

Det (G – 𝝀I) = 0

( ) ( )( )( )( )
−7 0 4 1 0 0 −7 0 4 λ 0 0 −7−λ 0 4
G – 𝝀I = −6 −1 4 – 𝝀 0 1 0 = −6 −1 4 - 0 λ 0 = −6 −1− λ 4
−5 5 1 0 0 1 −5 5 1 0 0 λ −5 5 1−λ

( )
−7−λ 0 4
Det (G – 𝝀I) = −6 −1− λ 4
−5 5 1−λ

( )
−7−λ 0 4
−6 −1− λ 4
−5 5 1−λ
−7−λ 0 4
−6 −1− λ 4

(-7 – λ )(-1 – λ )(1 – λ ) + (-6) (5) (4) +(-5) (0)(4) – ((4) (-1 – λ )(-5) + (4) (5) (-7 – λ ) + (1 – λ )(0) (-6))

(7 + 8 λ + λ ² )(1 – λ ) -120 – ((-20) (-1 – λ ) + (20) (-7 – λ ) + (1 – λ )(0))

7 - 7 λ + 8 λ - 8 λ ² + λ ² - λ ³- 120 – (20 + 20 λ – 140 - 20 λ )

- λ ³ - 7 λ ² + λ -113 – (- 120)

- λ ³ - 7 λ ² + λ -113 + 120

- λ ³ - 7 λ ² + λ +7
 Ruffini

- λ ³ - 7 λ ² + λ +7

-1 -7 1 7

-1 -8 -7 λ=1
-1 -8 -7 0 λ = -7
7 7

-1 -1 0 λ = -1
1
-1 0

- λ ³ - 7 λ ² + λ +7 = -( λ – 1)( λ + 7)( λ + 1)

Valores propios

λ ₁=1
λ ₂=−7
λ ₃=−1
El polinomio característico puede expresarse como producto de polinomio de grado 1, por lo tanto, es
diagonalizable.

2) Obtener los vectores propios asociados (G − 𝝀𝑰) ⃗v = 0⃗

( )( ) ( )
−7−λ 0 4 a 0
−6 −1− λ 4 b = 0
−5 5 1−λ c 0

λ ₁=1

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
−7−1 0 4 a −8 0 4 a −8 a 0 b 4 c 0 −8 a+ 0+4 c=0
−6 −1−1 4 b = −6 −2 4 b = −6 a −2 b 4 c 0 ⇒ −6 a−2 b+ 4 c=0
−5 5 1−1 c −5 5 0 c −5 a 5 b 0 0 −5 a+5 b+0=0

−10 b+20 c=30

10 b+0=10
−6 a−2 b+ 4 c=0 −2 b+ 4 c=6 20 c=10
⇒ a = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ (5) Ec2 – (2) Ec3 ⇒
−5 a+5 a+0=0 5 b+ 0=5 40
c=
20
c=2
-2b + 4c = 6
-2b + 4 (2) =6
-2b + 8 = 6
-2b = 6 -8
−2
b=
−2
B= 1

1
⃗
v₁ = 1
2
λ ₂=−7

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
−7−(−7) 0 4 a 0 0 4 a 0a 0b 4c 0 0+ 0+4 c=0
−6 −1−(−7) 4 b = −6 6 4 b = −6 a 6 b 4 c 0 ⇒ −6 a+ 6 b+ 4 c=0
−5 5 1−(−7) c −5 5 8 c −5 a 5 b 8c 0 −5 a+5 b+8 c =0

30 b+20 c=30
−30 b−48=−30
−6 a+ 6 b+ 4 c=0 6 b+ 4 c=6 −28 c=0
⇒ a = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ (5) Ec2 – (-6) Ec3 ⇒
−5 a+5 b+8 c =0 5 b+8 c=5 0
c=
−28
c=0
6b + 4c = 6
6b + 4 (0) = 6
6b= 6
6
b=
6
b= 1

1
⃗
v₂ = 1
0
λ ₃=−1

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
−7−(−1) 0 4 a −6 0 4 a −6 a 0 b 4c 0 −6 a+0+ 4 c=0
−6 −1−(−1) 4 b = −6 0 4 b = −6 a 0 b 4 c 0 ⇒ −6 a+0+ 4 c=0
−5 5 1−(−1) c −5 5 2 c −5 a 5 b 2c 0 −5 a+5 b+ 2 c=0

0+ 4 c=6
−6 a+0+ 4 c=0 0+ 4 c=6 4 c=6
⇒ a = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ Ec2 ⇒
−5 a+5 b+ 2 c=0 5 b+2 c=5 6 3
c= =
4 2
5b + 2c = 5
3
5b + 2( ¿ = 5
2
5b + 3 = 5
5b=2
2
B=
5
1
2
v₃ = 5
⃗
3
2
Valores propios

λ ₁=1
λ ₂=−7
3
λ =−1

( )
1 0 0
D= 0 −7 0
0 0 −1

1
1 1 2
v₁ = 1
⃗ v₂ = 1
⃗ v₃ = 5
⃗
2 0 3
2

( )
1 1 1
2
1 1
P= 5
3
2 0
2
P¯¹= 1 1 1
1 1 2/5
2 0 3/2

1 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 2/5 0 1 0 F2= F2 - 1*F1
2 0 3/2 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0
0 0 - 3/5 -1 1 0 F2=F2/-7
2 0 3/2 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0
0 0 - 3/5 -1 1 0 F3↔F2
0 -2 - 1/2 -2 0 1

1 1 1 1/1 0/1 0
0 -2 - 1/2 -2 0 1 F2= F2/-2
0 0 - 3/5 -1 1 0

1 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 1/4 1 0 - 1/2
0 0 - 3/5 -1 1 0 F3=F3/-3/5

1 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 1/4 1 0 - 1/2 F2 = F2-1/4*f3
0 0 1 5/3 - 5/3 0

1 1 1 1 0 0 F1 = F1 - 1*F3
0 1 0 7/12 5/12 -0.5
0 0 1 5/3 - 5/3 0

1 1 0 - 2/3 5/3 0 F1= F1 -1 * F3

0 1 0 7/12 5/12 - 1/2
0 0 1 5/3 - 5/3 0

1 0 0 - 5/4 5/4 1/2

0 1 0 7/12 5/12 - 1/2
0 0 1 5/3 - 5/3 0

Matriz inversa: - 5/4 5/4 1/2

7/12 5/12 - 1/2
5/3 - 5/3 0
Comprobación

G = 𝑷𝑫𝑷¯¹

( )( ( )
−5 5 1
1 1 1
4 4 2

( ) )
−7 0 4 2 1 0 0
1 1 7 5 −1
−6 −1 4 = 5 * 0 −7 0 *
12 12 2
−5 5 1 3 0 0 −1
2 0 5 −5
2 0
3 3

( )( )
1 1 1
2 1 0 0
1 1
P*D = 5 * 0 −7 0
3 0 0 −1
2 0
2

P*D11= 1
P*D12= -7
P*D13= -1
P*D21= 1
P*D22= -7

−2
P*D23=
5
P*D31= 2
P*D32= 0

−3
P*D33=
2

( )
1 −7 −1
−2
1 −7
P*D = 5
−3
2 0
2

( )( )
−5 5 1
1 −7 −1
4 4 2
−2
1 −7 7 5 −1
P*D* 𝑷¯¹ = 5 *
12 12 2
−3
2 0 5 −5
2 0
3 3

−5 49 5
P*D* 𝑷¯¹11= − − =−7
4 12 3
 5 35 5
P*D* 𝑷¯¹12= − + =0
4 12 3
1 7
P*D* 𝑷¯¹13= + =4
2 2
−5 49 2
P*D* 𝑷¯¹21= − − =−6
4 12 3
5 35 2
P*D* 𝑷¯¹22= − + =−1
4 12 3
1 7
P*D* 𝑷¯¹23= + =4
2 2
−5 5
P*D* 𝑷¯¹31= − =−5
2 2
10 5
P*D* 𝑷¯¹32= + =¿5
4 2
2
P*D* 𝑷¯¹33= =1
2

( )
−7 0 4
P*D* 𝑷¯¹ = −6 −1 4
−5 5 1

( ) ( )
−7 0 4 −7 0 4
G = −6 −1 4 = P*D* 𝑷¯¹ = −6 −1 4
−5 5 1 −5 5 1

( )
5 −1 4
16) P 3 −6 −12
−1 2 4

1)Obtener los valores propios de la matriz

Det (P – 𝝀I) = 0

( ) ( )( )( ) ( )
5 −1 4 1 0 0 5 −1 4 λ 0 0 5−λ −1 4
P – 𝝀I = 3 −6 −12 – 𝜆 0 1 0 = 3 −6 −12 – 0 λ 0 = 3 −6−λ −12
−1 2 4 0 0 1 −1 2 4 0 0 λ −1 2 4−λ

( )
5−λ −1 4
Det (P – 𝝀I) = 3 −6−λ −12 = 0
−1 2 4−λ
 ( )
5−λ −1 4
3 −6−λ −12
−1 2 4−λ
5−λ −1 4
3 −6−λ −12

(5 – λ )(-6 – λ )(4 – λ ) +(3)(2)(4) + (-1) (-1) (-12) – ((4) (-6 – λ )(-1) +(-12) (2) (5 – λ )+(4 – λ ) (-1) (3))
(-30 - 5 λ + 6 λ + λ ² ) (4 – λ ) + 24 – 12 – ((-4) (-6 – λ ) + (-24) (5 – λ ) + (4 – λ )(-3))
(-30 + λ + λ ² )(4 – λ ) + 12 – (24 + 4 λ – 120 + 24 λ – 12 +
3 λ)
-120 + 30 λ + 4 λ – λ ² + 4 λ ² – λ ³ + 12 – (-108 + 31 λ )
-108 + 34 λ + 3 λ ² - λ ³ + 108 - 31 λ
-λ 3 + 3λ 2 + 3λ

λ (−λ2 +3 λ+ 3)

−3 ± √ 32 −4 (−1)(3)
x=
2(−1)

−3 ± √ 9+12
x=
−2
−3 ± √ 21
x=
−2
−−3 ± 4.5825
x=
−2
−3+ 4.5825 1.5825
x ₁= = =0.7912
−2 −2
−−3−4.5825
x ₂= =3.7912
−2
Valores propios
λ ₁=0
λ ₂=0.7912
λ ₃=3.7912
El polinomio característico puede expresarse como producto de polinomio de grado 1, por lo tanto, es
diagonalizable.

2) Obtener los vectores propios asociados (P − 𝝀𝑰) ⃗v = 0⃗

( )( ) ( )
5−λ −1 4 a 0
3 −6−λ −12 b = 0
−1 2 4−λ c 0

λ ₁=0

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
5−λ −1 4 a 5 −1 4 a 5 a −b 4c 0 5 a−b+4 c=0
3 −6−λ −12 b = 3 −6 −12 b = 3 a −6 b −12 c 0 ⇒ 3 a−6 b−12 c=0
−1 2 4−λ c −1 2 4 c −a 2b 4c 0 −a+ 2b +4 c=0

−15 a+3 b=12

15 a−30 b=60
−27 b=72
5 a−b+4 c=0 5 a−b=−4
⇒ c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ (5)Ec1 – (-3)Ec2 ⇒ 72 8
3 a−6 b−12 c=0 3 a−6 b=12 b= =
−27 3
−8
b=
3
5 a−1b=−4

5 a−1 ( −83 )=−4

8
5 a+ =−4
3
8
5 a=−4−
3
−20
5 a=
3
20
−
3
a=
5
−4
a=
3
−4
3
v ₁ = −8
⃗
3
1

1
λ =0.7912

( )( ) ( )( )
5−0.7912 −1 4 a 4.2088 −1 4 a
3 −6−0.7912 −12 b = 3 −6.7912 −12 b
−1 2 4−0.7912 c −1 2 3.2088 c
 ( )( )
4.2088 a −b 4c 0 4.2088 a−b+4 c=0
= 3a −6.7912b −12 c 0 ⇒ 3 a−6.7912 b−12 c=0
−a 2b 3.2088 c 0 −a+2 b+3.2088 c=0

3 a−6.7912 b−12 c=0 3 a−6.7912b=12

⇒ c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ Ec2 – (3)Ec3 ⇒
−a+2 b+3.2088 c=0 −a+ 2b=−3.2088 c
3 a−6.7912 b=12
−3 a+6 b=−9.6264
0.7912 b=−2.3736
−2.3736
b=
0.7912
b=−3
3 a−6.7912 b=12
3 a−6.7912 (−3 )=12
3 a+20.3736=12
3 a=12−20.3736
3 a=−8.3736
−8.3736
a=
3
a=−2.7912
−2.7912
⃗
v₂ = −3
1
λ ₃=3.7912

( )( ) ( )( )
5−3.7912 −1 4 a 1.2088 −1 4 a
3 −6−3.7912 −12 b = 3 −9.7912 −12 b
−1 2 4−3.7912 c −1 2 0.2088 c

( )( )
1.2088 a −b 4c 0 1.2088 a−b +4 c=0
= 3a −9.7912 b −12 c 0 ⇒ 3 a−9.7912 b−12 c=0
−a 2b 0.2088 c 0 −a+2 b+0.2088 c=0

3 a−9.7912 b=12
−3 a+6 b=0.6264
3 a−9.7912 b−12 c=0 3 a−9.7912 b=12 −3.7912 b=12.6264
⇒ c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ Ec1 – (3)Ec2 ⇒
−a+2 b+0.2088 c=0 −a+ 2b=0.2088 12.6264
b=
−3.7912
b=−3.3304
3 a−9.7912 b=12
3 a−9.7912(−3.3304)=12
3 a+32.6086=12
3 a=12−32.6086
3 a=−20.6086
−20.6086
a=
3
a=−6.8695
Valores propios

λ ₁=0
λ ₂=0.7912
λ ₃=3.7912

( )
0 0 0
D = 0 0.7912 0
0 0 3.7912

−1,3333 −2.7912 −6.8695

v ₁ = −2,6667
⃗ ⃗
v₂ = −3 v ₃ = −3.3304
⃗
1 1 1

( )
−1,3333 −2.7912 1 −6.8695
P = −2,6667 −3 −3.3304
1 1 1
 P¯¹=
-1.3333 -2.7912 -6.8695
-2.6667 -3 -3.3304
1 1 1

-1.3333 -2.7912 -6.8695 1 0 0 F1=F1/-1,3333

-2.6667 -3 -3.3304 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 F3= F3 - 1*F2

1 2.09345234 5.15225381 -0.7500188 0 0

-2.6667 -3 -3.3304 0 1 0 F2= F2 - (-2,6667)*F1
1 1 1 0 0 1 F3=F3 -1*F1

1 2.09345234 5.15225381 -0.7500188 0 0

0 2.58260935 10.4091152 -2.000075 1 0 F2=F2 /2,58260934523363
0 -1.0934523 -4.1522538 0.75001875 0 1

1 2.09345234 5.15225381 -0.7500188 0 0

0 1 4.03046448 -0.7744396 0.38720529 0
0 -1.0934523 -4.1522538 0.75001875 0 1 F3=F3 + 1,09345233630841*F1

1 2.09345234 5.15225381 -0.7500188 0 0

0 1 4.03046448 -0.7744396 0.38720529 0
0 0 0.25486699 -0.0967941 0.42339053 1 F3=F3/0,254866993051726

1 2.09345234 5.15225381 -0.7500188 0 0

0 1 4.03046448 -0.7744396 0.38720529 0 f2= F2-4,03046447756078*F3
0 0 1 -0.3797827 1.6612215 3.92361517

1 2.09345234 5.15225381 -0.7500188 0 0 F1 = F1 - 5,15225380634516*F3

0 1 0 0.75626086 -6.308289 -15.813992
0 0 1 -0.3797827 1.6612215 3.92361517

1 2.09345234 0 1.20671786 -8.5590348 -20.215461 F1 = F1 - 2,09345233630835*F3

0 1 0 0.75626086 -6.308289 -15.813992
0 0 1 -0.3797827 1.6612215 3.92361517

1 2.09345234 -2.0934523 2.00177473 -12.036723 -28.429363

0 1 0 0.75626086 -6.308289 -15.813992
0 0 1 -0.3797827 1.6612215 3.92361517

Matriz inversa: 2.0018 -12.0367 -28.4294

0.7563 -6.3083 -15.8140
Comprobación

P = 𝑷𝑫𝑷¯¹

( )( )( )( )
5 −1 4 −1,3333 −2.7912 −6.8695 0 0 0 2.0018 −12,0367 −28.4294
3 −6 −12 = −2,6667 −3 −3.3304 * 0 0.7912 0 * 0.7563 −6.3083 −15.8140
−1 2 4 1 1 1 0 0 3.7912 −0.3798 1.6612 3.9236

( )( )
−1,3333 −2.79121 −6.8695 0 0 0
P*D = −2,6667 −3 −3.3304 * 0 0.7912 0
1 1 1 0 0 3.7912
P*D11= 0

P*D12= -2.2083

P*D13= -26.0436

P*D21= 0

P*D22=−2.3736

P*D23=−12.6262

P*D31=0

P*D32= 0.7912

P*D33=3.7912

( )
0 −2.2083 −26.0436
P*D = 0 −2.3736 −12.6262
0 0.7912 3.7912

( )( )
0 −2.2083 −26.0436 2.0018 −12,0367 −28.4294
P*D*P¯¹ = 0 −2.3736 −12.6262 * 0.7563 −6.3083 −15.8140
0 0.7912 3.7912 −0.3798 1.6612 3.9236

P*D*P¯¹11=-1.6701 + 9.8913=8.2212

P*D*P¯¹12=13.9306−43.2636=−29.333

P*D*P¯¹13= 34.9220 −102.1846=−67.2626

P*D*P¯¹21=−1.7951+4.7954=3.0003

P*D*P¯¹22= 14.9733−20.9746=−6.0012

P*D*P¯¹23= 37.5361−49.5401=−12.004

P*D*P¯¹31=0.5983−1.4398=−0.8415

P*D*P¯¹32=−4.9911+6.2979=1.3068

P*D*P¯¹33= −12.5120+14.8751=2.3631

( )
8.2212 −29.333 −67.2626
P*D*P¯¹ = 3.0003 −6.0012 −12.004
−0.8415 1.3068 2.3631
 ( )
−3 9 5
17) Q 2 4 −3
2 2 4

1)Obtener los valores propios de la matriz

Det (Q – 𝝀I) = 0

( ) ( )( )( )( )
−3 9 5 1 0 0 −3 9 5 λ 0 0 −3−λ 9 5
Q – 𝝀I = 2 4 −3 – λ 0 1 0 = 2 4 −3 – 0 λ 0 = 2 4− λ −3
2 2 4 0 0 1 2 2 4 0 0 λ 2 2 4−λ

( )
−3−λ 9 5
Det (Q – 𝝀I) = 2 4− λ −3 = 0
2 2 4−λ

( )
−3−λ 9 5
2 4− λ −3
2 2 4−λ
−3−λ 9 5
2 4− λ −3

(-3 – λ )(4 – λ )(4 – λ ) + (2)(2)(5) + (2)(9) (-3) – ((5) (4 – λ )(2) + (-3) (2) (-3 – λ ) + (4 – λ )(9)(2))
(-12 – λ + λ ² )(4 – λ ) + 20 – 54 – ((10)(4 – λ ) + (– 6) (-3 – λ ) + (4 – λ )(18))

-48 + 12 λ - 4 λ + λ ² + 4 λ ² - λ ³ – 34 – (40 - 10 λ + 18 + 6 λ + 72 – 18 λ )

-82 + 8 λ + 5 λ ² - λ ³ – (130 – 22 λ )

-82 + 8 λ + 5 λ ² - λ ³ – 130 + 22 λ

- λ ³ + 5 λ ² + 30 λ – 212

El polinomio no se puede factorizar.

- λ ³ + 5 λ ² + 30 λ – 212

El polinomio característico no puede expresarse como producto de polinomio de grado 1, por lo tanto, no
es diagonalizable.

( )
−13 7 −91
26) Z 4 −10 52
52 91 5
Det(Z – 𝝀I) = 0
Z – 𝝀I=

( ) ( )( )( )( )
−13 7 −91 1 0 0 −13 7 −91 λ 0 0 −13−λ 7 −91
4 −10 52 −λ 0 1 0 = 4 −10 52 − 0 λ 0 = 4 −10− λ 52
52 91 5 0 0 1 52 91 5 0 0 λ 52 91 5−λ

( )
−13−λ 7 −91
Det(Z – 𝝀I) = 4 −10− λ 52 = 0
52 91 5−λ

( )
−13−λ 7 −91
4 −10− λ 52
52 91 5−λ
−13−λ 7 −91
4 −10− λ 52

(-13 – λ )(- 10 – λ )(5 – λ ) + (4)(91)(-91) + (52)(7)(52) – ((-91)(-10 – λ )(52) + (52)(91)(-13 – λ ) + (5 – λ )(7)

(4))

(130 + 23 λ + λ ² )(5 – λ ) – 33124 + 18928 – ((-4732)(-10 – λ ) + (4732)(-13 – λ ) + (5 – λ )(28))

650 – 130 λ + 115 λ – 23 λ ² + 5 λ ² – λ ³ – 14196 – (47320 + 4732 λ – 61516 – 4732 λ + 140 – 28 λ

- 13546 – 15 λ – 18 λ ² – λ ³ – (-14056 – 28 λ )

- 13546 – 15 λ – 18 λ ² – λ ³ + 14056 + 28 λ )

- λ ³ – 18 λ ² + 13 λ + 510

Ruffini

- λ ³ – 18 λ ² + 13 λ + 510

- 1 -18 13 510

-5 -115 -510 λ = 5

-1 -23 -102 0 λ = -6
6 102

-1 -17 0 λ = -17
17
-1 0

- λ ³ – 18 λ ² + 13 λ + 510 = – ( λ + 17)( λ + 6)( λ – 5)

Valores propios

λ ₁=−17
λ ₂=−6
λ ₃=5
El polinomio característico puede expresarse como producto de polinomio de grado 1, por lo tanto, es
diagonalizable.

2) Obtener los vectores propios asociados (Z − 𝝀𝑰) ⃗v = 0⃗

( )( ) ( )
−13−λ 7 −91 a 0
4 −10− λ 52 b = 0
52 91 5−λ c 0

λ ₁=−17

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ()
−13−(−17) 7 −91 a 4 7 −91 a 4 a 7 b −91c 0
4 −10−(−17) 52 b = 4 7 52 b = 4 a 7 b 52 c = 0 ⇒
52 91 5−(−17) c 52 91 22 c 52 a 91 b 22 c 0
4 a+7 b−91 c=0
4 a+ 7 b+52 c=0
52 a+91+22 c=0
−208 a−2704 c=364
208 a+ 88 c=−364
4 a+ 7 b+52 c=0 4 a+ 52c=−7 −2616 c=0
⇒ b = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒(-52)Ec1 – (4)Ec3 ⇒
52 a+91 b+22 c=0 52 a+22 c=−91 0
c=
−2616
c=0
4 a+52 c=−7
4 a+52(0)=−7
4 a=−7
−7
a=
4
−7
4
⃗
v₁ =
1
0
λ ₂=−6
( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ()
−13−(−6) 7 −91 a −7 7 −91 a −7 a 7 b −91 c 0
4 −10−(−6) 52 b = 4 −4 52 b = 4 a −4 b 52 c = 0 ⇒
52 91 5−(−6) c 52 91 11 c 52a 91 b 11 c 0
−7 a+7 b−91c=0
4 a−4 b+52 c=0
52a+ 91 b+11 c=0
−364 a+364 b=4732
364 a+637 b=−77
1001 b=4655
−7 a+7 b−91c=0 −7 a+7 b=91
⇒ c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒(52)Ec1 – (7)Ec3 ⇒ 4655 665
52a+ 91 b+11 c=0 52 a+91 b=−11 b= =
1001 143
665
b=
143

52 a+91 b=−11

52a+ 91 ( 665
143 )
=−11

4655
52 a+ =−11
11
4655
52 a=−11−
11
−4776
52 a=
11
4776
−
11
a=
52
−1194
a=
143
−1194
143
v ₂ = 665
⃗
143
1
λ ₂=5

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
−13−5 7 −91 a −18 7 −91 a −18 a 7 b −91 c 0 −18 a+7 b−91 c=0
4 −10−5 52 b = 4 −15 52 b = 4 a −15 b 52 c 0 ⇒ 4 a−15 b+ 52c =0
52 91 5−5 c 52 91 0 c 52 a 91 b 0 0 52 a+91 b+ 0=0
 −72 a+28 b=364
72 a−270b=−936
−242 b=−572
−18 a+7 b−91 c=0 −18 a+7 b=91
⇒ c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒(4)Ec1– (18)Ec2 ⇒ −572
4 a−15 b+ 52c =0 4 a−15 b=−52 b=
−242
26
b=
11
−18 a+7 b=91

−18 a+7 ( 2611 )=91

182
−18 a+ =91
11
182
−18 a=91−
11
819
−18 a=
11
819
−
11
a=
−18
−91
a=
22
−91
22
v ₃ = 26
⃗
11
1
Valores propios

λ ₁=−17
λ ₂=−6
λ ₃=5

( )
−17 0 0
D= 0 −6 0
0 0 5

−1194 −91
−7
143 22
4
⃗
v₁ = ⃗
v₂ = 665 ⃗v₃ = 26
1
143 11
0
1 1
 ( )
−7 −1194 −91
4 143 22
P= 665 26
1
143 11
0 1 1

P¯¹= - 7/4 -1194/143 - 91/22

1 665/143 26/11
0 1 1

- 7/4 -1194/143 - 91/22 1 0 0 F1=F1/-7/4

1 665/143 26/11 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 1

1 4776/1001 26/11 - 4/7 0 0

1 665/143 26/11 0 1 0 F2= F2 - 1*F1
0 1 1 0 0 1

1 4776/1001 26/11 - 4/7 0 0

0 -11/91 0 4/7 1 0 F2=F2/-11/91
0 1 1 0 0 1

1 4776/1001 26/11 - 4/7 0 0 F1=F1 -26/11 * F3

0 1 0 - 52/11 - 91/11 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 F3=F3-1*F2

1 2410/1001 0 - 4/7 0 - 26/11 F1=F1-2410/1001 * F2

0 1 0 - 52/11 - 91/11 0
0 0 1 52/11 91/11 1

1 0 0 1308/121 2410/121 - 26/11

0 1 0 - 52/11 - 91/11 0
0 0 1 52/11 91/11 1

Matriz inversa: 1308/121 2410/121 - 26/11

- 52/11 - 91/11 0
52/11 91/11 1

Comprobación
Z = 𝑷𝑫𝑷¯¹

( ) ( )
1308 2410 −26
−7 −1194 −91
121 121 11

( ) ( )
−13 7 −91 4 143 22 −17 0 0
−52 −91
4 −10 52 = 665 26 * 0 −6 0 * 0
1 11 11
52 91 5 143 11 0 0 5
52 91
0 1 1 1
11 11

( )(
−7 −1194 −91

)
4 143 22 −17 0 0
P*D= 665 26 * 0 −6 0
1
143 11 0 0 5
0 1 1

119
P∗D 11=
4
7164
P∗D 12=
143
−455
P∗D 13=
22
P∗D 21=−17
−3990
P∗D 22=
143
130
P∗D 23=
11
P∗D 31=0
P∗D 32=−6
P∗D 33=5

( )
119 7164 −455
4 143 22
P*D= −3990 130
−17
143 11
0 −6 5

( )( )
1308 2410 −26
7164 119 −455
121 121 11
143 4 22
−52 −91
P * D * P¯¹ = −3990 130 * 0
−17 11 11
143 11
52 91
0 −6 5 1
11 11

1 38913 28656 11830

P∗D∗P❑ 11= − − =−13
121 121 121
 143395 50148 41405
P∗D∗P❑1 12= − − =7
242 121 242
1 −1547 455
P∗D∗P❑ 13= − =−91
22 22
1 −22236 15960 6760
P∗D∗P❑ 21= + + =4
121 121 121
1 −40970 27930 11830
P∗D∗P❑ 22= + + =−10
121 121 121
1 442 130
P∗D∗P❑ 23= + =52
11 11
312 260
P∗D∗P❑1 31= + =52
11 11
1 546 455
P∗D∗P❑ 32= + =91
11 11
P∗D∗P ¯ ¹33=¿ 5

( )
−13 7 −91
P * D * P¯¹ = 4 −10 52
52 91 5

( ) ( )
−13 7 −91 −13 7 −91
Z= 4 −10 52 = P * D * P¯¹ = 4 −10 52
52 91 5 52 91 5

( )
2 −5 −10
27) AA 0 −3 0
0 10 7

1)Obtener los valores propios de la matriz

Det(AA – 𝝀I) = 0

( ) ( )( )( )( )
2 −5 −10 1 0 0 2 −5 −10 λ 0 0 2−λ −5 −10
AA – 𝝀I = 0 −3 0 – 𝝀 0 1 0 = 0 −3 0 - 0 λ 0 = 0 −3− λ 0
0 10 7 0 0 1 0 10 7 0 0 λ 0 10 7−λ

( )
2−λ −5 −10
Det (AA – 𝝀I) = 0 −3− λ 0 =0
0 10 7−λ
 ( )
2−λ −5 −10
0 −3− λ 0
0 10 7−λ
2−λ −5 −10
0 −3− λ 0

(2- λ )(-3 – λ )(7 – λ ) + (0)(10) (-10) + (0) (-5) (0) – ((-10) (-3 – λ )(0) + (0)(10) (2 – λ ) + (7 – λ )(-5) (0)

(-6 + λ + λ ² )(7 – λ ) – ((0) (-3 – λ ) + (0) (2 – λ ) + (7 – λ )(0))

- 42 + 6 λ + 7 λ - λ ² + 7 λ ² – λ ³ + 0

– λ ³ + 6 λ ² + 13 λ – 42

Ruffini
– λ ³ + 6 λ ² + 13 λ – 42

- 1 6 13 -42

-7 -7 42 λ=7
-1 -1 6 0 λ=2
-2 -6

-1 -3 0 λ = -3
3
-1 0

– λ ³ + 6 λ ² + 13 λ - 42 = – ( λ + 3)( λ – 2)( λ – 7)

Valores propios

λ ₁=−3
λ ₂=2
λ ₃=7

2) Obtener los vectores propios asociados (A − 𝝀𝑰) ⃗v = 0⃗

( )( ) ( )
2−λ −5 −10 a 0
0 −3− λ 0 b = 0
0 10 7−λ c 0

λ ₁=−3

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2−(−3) −5 −10 a 5 −5 −10 a 5 a −5 b −10 c 0 5 a−5 b−10 c =0
0 −3−(−3) 0 b = 0 0 0 b= 0 0 0 c 0 ⇒ 0+ 0+0=0
0 10 7−(−3) c 0 10 10 c 0 10 b 10 c 0 0+10 b+10 c=0
 −50 b−100 c=−50
50 b+50 c =0
5 a−5 b−10 c =0 −5 b−10 c=−5 −50 c=−50
⇒ a = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒(10)Ec1 – (5)Ec3 ⇒
0+10 b+10 c=0 10 b+10 c =0 −50
c=
−50
c=1
−5 b−10 c=−5
−5 b−10(1)=−5
−5 b−10=−5
−5 b=−5+10
−5 b=5
5
b=
−5
b=−1
1
⃗
v ₁ = −1
1
λ ₂=2

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2−2 −5 −10 a 0 −5 −10 a 0 −5 b −10 c 0 0−5 b−10 c=0
0 −3−2 0 b = 0 −5 0 b = 0 −5 b 0 0 ⇒ 0−5 b+0=0
0 10 7−2 c 0 10 5 c 0 10 b 5 c 0 0+10 b+5 c=0

A = 0 ya que no se visualiza en las ecuaciones, por lo tanto

0
v₂ = 0
⃗
0
Ya que el vector ⃗
v ₂es nulo, la matriz no se puede diagonalizar ya que la dimensión de cada valor propio no
coincide con su multiplicidad.

Pero si tuviera a, el vector ⃗

v ₂ seria
−50 b−100 c=0
50 b+25 c=0
0−5 b−10 c=0 −5 b−10 c=0 −75 c=0
⇒ a = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒(10)Ec1 – (5)Ec3 ⇒
0+10 b+5 c=0 10 b+5 c =0 0
c=
−75
c=0
−5 b−10 c=0
−5 b−10(0)=0
−5 b=0
 0
b=
−5
b=0
1
v₂ = 0
⃗
0
Y la matriz se podría diagonalizar ya que la dimensión de cada valor propio coincide con su multiplicidad.

λ ₃=7

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2−7 −5 −10 a −5 −5 −10 a −5 a −5 b −10 c 0 −5 a−5 b−10 c =0
0 −3−7 0 b = 0 −10 0 b = 0 −10 b 0 0 ⇒ 0−10 b+0=0
0 10 7−7 c 0 10 0 c 0 10 b 0 0 0+10 b+ 0=0

−5 a−5 b−10 c =0 −5 a−5 b=10 0−10 b=0

⇒ c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ Ec2 ⇒ −10 b=0
0−10 b+0=0 0−10 b=0
¿
−5 a−5 b=10
−5 a−5(0)=10
−5 a=10
10
a=
−5
a=−2
−2
v₃ = 0
⃗
1
Valores propios
λ ₁=−3
λ ₂=2
λ ₃=7

( )
−3 0 0
D= 0 2 0
0 0 7

1 1 −2
⃗
v ₁ = −1 ⃗
v₂ = 0 ⃗
v₃ = 0
1 0 1
 ( )
1 1 −2
P = −1 0 0
1 0 1

P¯¹= 1 1 -2
-1 0 0
1 0 1

1 1 -2 1 0 0
-1 0 0 0 1 0 F2= F2 - (-1)*F1
1 0 1 0 0 1 F3= F3 - 1*F2

1 1 -2 1 0 0
0 1 -2 1 1 0
0 -1 3 -1 0 1 F3=F3 -(-1)*F2

1 1 -2 1 0 0
0 1 -2 1 1 0 F2=F2 -(-2) * F3
0 0 1 0 1 1

1 1 -2 1 0 0 F1=F1 -(-2) * F3
0 1 0 1 3 2
0 0 1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1 2 2 F1=F1 -1 * F2
0 1 0 1 3 2
0 0 1 0 1 1

1 0 0 0 -1 0
0 1 0 1 3 2
0 0 1 0 1 1

Matriz inversa: 0 -1 0
1 3 2
0 1 1

Comprobación

AA = 𝑷𝑫𝑷¯¹
( )( )( )( )
2 −5 −10 1 1 −2 −3 0 0 0 −1 0
0 −3 0 = −1 0 0 * 0 2 0 * 1 3 2
0 10 7 1 0 1 0 0 7 0 1 1

( )( )
1 1 −2 −3 0 0
P * D = −1 0 0 * 0 2 0
1 0 1 0 0 7

P * D11= -3
P * D12= 2
P * D13= -14
P * D21= 3
P * D22= 0
P * D23= 0
P * D31=-3
P * D32= 0
P * D33= 7

( )
−3 2 −14
P*D= 3 0 0
−3 0 7

( )( )
−3 2 −14 0 −1 0
P * D * P¯¹ = 3 0 0 * 1 3 2
−3 0 7 0 1 1

P * D * P¯¹11= 2
P * D * P¯¹12= 3 + 6 – 14 = -5
P * D * P¯¹13= 4 – 14 = -10
P * D * P¯¹21= 0
P * D * P¯¹22= -3
P * D * P¯¹23= 0
P * D * P¯¹31= 0
P * D * P¯¹32= 3 + 7 = 10
P * D * P¯¹33= 7

( )
2 −5 −10
P * D * P¯¹ = 0 −3 0
0 10 7
 ( ) ( )
2 −5 −10 2 −5 −10
AA = 0 −3 0 = P * D * P¯¹ = 0 −3 0
0 10 7 0 10 7

( )
9 −7 −7
36) AJ 4 −3 0
−4 0 −3

1)Obtener los valores propios de la matriz

Det(AJ – 𝝀I) = 0

( ) ( )( )( )( )
9 −7 −7 1 0 0 9 −7 −7 λ 0 0 9−λ −7 −7
AJ – 𝝀I = 4 −3 0 – 𝝀 0 1 0 = 4 −3 0 - 0 λ 0 = 4 −3−λ 0
−4 0 −3 0 0 1 −4 0 −3 0 0 λ −4 0 −3− λ

( )
9−λ −7 −7
Det (AJ – 𝝀I) = 4 −3−λ 0 =0
−4 0 −3− λ

( )
9−λ −7 −7
4 −3−λ 0
−4 0 −3− λ
9−λ −7 −7
4 −3−λ 0

(9 – λ )(-3 – λ )(-3 – λ ) + (4)(0)(-7) + (-4)(-7)(0) – ((-7)(-3 – λ )(-4) + (0)(0)(9 – λ ) + (-3 – λ )(-7)(4))

(-27 – 6 λ + λ ² )(-3 – λ ) + 0 + 0 – ((28)(-3 – λ ) + (0)(9 – λ ) + (-3 – λ )(-28)

81 + 27 λ + 18 λ + 6 λ ² – 3 λ ² – λ ³ – (- 84 – 28 λ + 84 + 28 λ )

81 + 45 λ + 3 λ ² – λ ³

– λ ³+ 3 λ ² + 45 λ + 81

Ruffini

– λ ³+ 3 λ ² + 45 λ + 81

- 1 3 45 81

3 -18 -81 λ =-3

-1 6 27 0 λ=-3
3 -27

-1 9 0 λ=9
-9
-1 0
– λ ³+ 3 λ ² + 45 λ + 81 = - ( λ – 9)( λ + 3)²

Valores propios

λ ₁=9 ⇒ Ma (9) = 1
λ ₂=−3 ⇒ Ma (-3) = 2

2) Obtener los vectores propios asociados (AJ − 𝝀𝑰) ⃗v = 0⃗

( )( ) ( )
9−λ −7 −7 a 0
4 −3−λ 0 b = 0
−4 0 −3− λ c 0

λ ₁=9

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ()
9−9 −7 −7 a 0 −7 −7 a 0 −7 b −7 c 0 0−7 b−7 c=0
4 −3−9 0 b = 4 −12 0 b = 4 a −12 b 0 = 0 ⇒ 4 a−12 b+0=0
−4 0 −3−9 c −4 0 −12 c −4 a 0 −12c 0 −4 a+0−12 c=0

0−7 b−7 c=0 0−7 b=7 0−7 b=7

⇒ c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ Ec1 ⇒ −7 b=7
4 a−12b+ 0=0 4 a−12=0
¿
4 a−12b+ 0=0
4 a−12(−1)=0
4 a+12=0
4 a=0−12
4 a=−12
−12
a=
4
a=−3
−3
v ₁ = −1
⃗
1
λ ₂=−3

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ()
9−(−3) −7 −7 a 12 −7 −7 a 12 a −7 b −7 c 0 12 a−7 b−7 c=0
4 −3−(−3) 0 b = 4 0 0 b = 4a 0 0 = 0 ⇒ 4 a+0+0=0
−4 0 −3−(−3) c −4 0 0 c −4 a 0 0 0 −4 a+0+0=0
 12 a−7 (−1)−7(1)=0
12 a+7−7=0
12 a=−7+ 7
12 a−7 b−7 c=0 ⇒ b= -1 c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ 12−7 (−1)−7(1)=0 ⇒ Ec1 ⇒
0
a=
12
a=0
0
v ₂ = −1
⃗
1

−3
⃗
v ₁ = −1 ⇒ Mg (9) = 1
1
0
v ₂ = −1⇒ Mg (-3) = 1
⃗
1

La matriz no es diagonalizable ya que Ma (-3) ≠ Mg (-3).

( )
6 5 5
37) AK −2 −4 0
2 0 −4

1)Obtener los valores propios de la matriz

Det(AK – 𝝀I) = 0

( ) ( )( )( )( )
6 5 5 1 0 0 6 5 5 λ 0 0 6−λ 5 5
AK – 𝝀I = −2 −4 0 – 𝝀 0 1 0 = −2 −4 0 - 0 λ 0 = −2 −4−λ 0
2 0 −4 0 0 1 2 0 −4 0 0 λ 2 0 −4−λ

( )
6−λ 5 5
Det (AJ – 𝝀I) = −2 −4−λ 0 =0
2 0 −4−λ

( )
6−λ 5 5
−2 −4− λ 0
2 0 −4−λ
6−λ 5 5
−2 −4− λ 0
( 6−λ ) (−4− λ ) (−4−λ ) + (−2 ) ( 0 )( 5 )+ (2 )( 5 ) ( 0 )−( ( 5 ) (−4−λ )( 2 ) + ( 0 )( 0 )( 6−λ )+ (−4−λ )( 5 ) (−2 ) )

(−24−2 λ+ λ2 ) (−4−λ ) +0+0−¿

96+ 24 λ+8 λ +2 λ2−4 λ 2−λ3 −(−40−10 λ+ 40+10 λ )

−λ 3−2 λ2 +32 λ+96

Ruffini
- 1 -2 32 96

4 -8 -96 λ = -4

-1 2 24 0 λ = -4

4 -24

-1 6 0 λ=6
-6
-1 0

3 2 2
−λ −2 λ +32 λ+96=−( λ−6 )( λ+ 4 )
λ ₁=¿ 6 ⇒ Ma (6) = 1
λ ₂=−4 ⇒ Ma (-4) = 2

2) Obtener los vectores propios asociados (AK − 𝝀𝑰) ⃗v = 0⃗

( )( ) ( )
6−λ 5 5 a 0
−2 −4−λ 0 b = 0
2 0 −4−λ c 0

λ ₁=6

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ()
6−6 5 5 a 0 5 5 a 0 5b 5c 0 0+5 b+5 c=0
−2 −4−6 0 b = −2 −8 0 b = −2 a −10 b 0 = 0 ⇒−2 a−10 b+0=0
2 0 −4−6 c 2 0 −8 c 2a 0 −10 c 0 2 a+ 0−10 c=0

0+5 b+5 c=0 0+5 b=−5 0+5 b=−5

⇒ c = 1 (asumido) ⇒ ⇒ Ec1 ⇒ 5 b=−5
−2 a−10 b+0=0 −2 a−10 b=0
¿
−2 a−10 b+0=0
−2 a−10 (−1 )+ 0=0
−2 a+10=0
−2 a=0−10
−10
a=
−2
a=5
5
⃗
v ₁ = −1
1

λ ₂=−4

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ()
6+ 4 5 5 a 10 5 5 a 10 a 5 b 5 c 0 10 a+5 b+ 5 c=0
−2 −4+ 4 0 b = −2 0 0 b = −2 a 0 0 = 0 ⇒ −2 a+0+ 0=0
2 0 −4 +4 c 2 0 0 c 2a 0 0 0 2 a+0+0=0

10 ( 0 ) +5 b+5 (1)=0
0+ 5b +5=0
5 b=−5
10 a+5 b+ 5 c=0⇒ c = 1 a=0 (asumido) ⇒ 10(0)+5 b+5 (1)=0 ⇒ Ec1 ⇒
−5
b=
5
b=−1
0
⃗
v ₂ = −1
1

5
v ₁ = −1⇒ Mg (6) = 1
⃗
1

0
v ₂ = −1 ⇒ Mg (-4) = 1
⃗
1

La matriz no es diagonalizable ya que Ma (-4) ≠ Mg (-4).