Uso de Motosierra en

Emergencias

Teniente Vicente Quintero

Agenda 01
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El proveer protección a los ocupantes de una aeronave
es la prioridad por encima de cualquier otra operación.
El control de incendios es con frecuencia una condición
esencial para asegurar dicha supervivencia.
 Introducción
La motosierra hasta hace muy poco tiempo era la máquina que
más accidentes ocasionaba debido a la suma de tres factores:
• Su número,
• La falta de formación de los usuarios y
• La carencia de elementos de seguridad de la máquina.

El objeto de este Manual de Seguridad para Motosierras,

elaborado con criterio técnico y pedagógico, es el de servir de
herramienta práctica y eficaz a todos aquellos usuarios con el fin
de lograr la integración de la prevención en los trabajos y,
consecuentemente, alcanzar una mejor y más segura ejecución de
los mismos.
 Consideraciones
El contenido del Manual se ha estructurado no sólo en función del conocimiento de
los componentes y requisitos que debe reunir la Motosierra, sino también en el
correcto manejo y manipulación de la misma por parte de los usuarios en todos
aquellos trabajos de apeado, desramado y tronzado, propios de esta máquina.

Entre las lesiones y afecciones que se producen durante la utilización de la

motosierra distinguiremos
• Las que tienen el origen en la propia máquina como: Cortes y desgarros,
esguinces, sobreesfuerzos, las derivadas del ruido y de las vibraciones.
• Y las que se producen durante el trabajo y el entorno como: Partículas
incrustadas, golpes, atrapamientos, quemaduras y las producidas por
situaciones ambientales extremas.

Esta edición, pretende recoger todas las situaciones de riesgo, e introduciendo

otra visión de los factores que influyen en la siniestralidad. Asimismo se pretende
facilitar la comprensión del Manual al interrelacionar texto-figura a través del color.
 Historia
El liderato del 'padre de
la motosierra'
Desde que nació, Andreas Stihl tenía
una idea: llevar la sierra al árbol.
Para ello, en 1926 inventó la primera sierra
de cadena en el mundo con motor eléctrico...
En 1929 ideó la primera motosierra independiente
de la red eléctrica, con un motor de gasolina de
dos tiempos.
En el benemérito cuerpo de bomberos de la
república de Panamá hemos atendido una
emergencia la cual conocemos como “10-70 Ancón”
Gran cantidad de arboles se desprenden de sus raíces,
debido a los vientos tropicales que pasan en nuestro país,
muchos de estos arboles crecen a grandes altura y el terreno
va cediendo y cayendo; muchas veces en lugares
residenciales y se realizan las denuncias a ANAM.
Esta institución realiza un evalúo del árbol y si es muy frondoso, que
18 de septiembre de no podemos talarlo ya que en el mismo habitan animales tales como
ardilla y aves.
Al pasar el tiempo el mismo
cede, cayendo en las
carreteras, hasta; encima
de vehículos que transitan
causando daños materiales
o incluso perdidas de vidas
humana.
Accidentes dentro del
área crítica en
aeronaves, pueden En estos casos cuando el árbol
involucrar aterrizar cae sobre un vehículo y hay
antes de llegar a la
pista, o pasarse de la personas dentro del mismo, la
pista, y los despegues clave “Ancón” (árbol caído) se
abortados y vuelve una prioridad, por la vidas
generalmente son
sobrevivibles.
que se encuentran dentro del
vehículo, hay que usar técnicas
para desrame y corte del árbol
para ir abriendo espacio para
darle una atención rápida a la
Los accidentes vida humana, claro tomando las
ocurridos fuera del área medidas de seguridad
crítica podrían adecuadas.
involucrar impactos
contra terrenos
adversos que resulten
en la ruptura de la
estructura de la
aeronave. La respuesta
rápida a estas áreas es
crucial para el propósito
de salvar vidas.
En estos escenario el árbol
cae sobre la casa
ocasionando daños
materiales, al igual puede
causar pérdidas humanas
ya que la pared o parte del
techo al desplomarse
pueden producir
atrapamientos.
 TECNICAS DE CORTAR CON
MOTOSIERRA LOS ARBOLES
Debido a la poca experiencia y poco conocimiento, que muchas
unidades tienen sobre como manejar una motosierra; al utilizarla
cometemos errores en la movilidad de corte. El desconocimiento de
cuáles son las formas de corte, lo que causamos es que la cadena
quede incrustada en el árbol, rompimiento de la cadena, daños de los
dientes y desprendimiento de cadena la cual puede causar un
accidente al que la manipula.
Accidentes dentro del
área crítica en
aeronaves, pueden Esto le pasa a muchas personas
involucrar aterrizar que no saben utilizar la moto
antes de llegar a la
pista, o pasarse de la sierra, al tener una rama o troco
pista, y los despegues en esta forma, lo más factible es
abortados y realizar el primer corte bajo el
generalmente son
sobrevivibles.
tronco o rama y utilizar la punta
del machete para cortar y ahí te
darás cuenta que el árbol
quebrara, y no quedara la cadena
incrustada.
Los accidentes
ocurridos fuera del área Esta es la forma para cortar
crítica podrían troncos, punto de apoyo de un
involucrar impactos
contra terrenos
troco y empezar a cortar desde
adversos que resulten abajo hacia arriba, ahí el troco
en la ruptura de la quiebra haciendo forma de V y
estructura de la debido a la fuerza ejercida del
aeronave. La respuesta
rápida a estas áreas es cortado.
crucial para el propósito
de salvar vidas.
 TECNICAS DE CORTAR CON
MOTOSIERRA LOS ARBOLES

Evita que te hagan un Meme…..

El bombero
NO Sabe Usarla
 Posicionamiento
El operador debe respetar la
posición adecuada, flexionando las
rodillas y manteniendo la espalda
recta, facilitando el trabajo y evita
cansancio prematuro, los codos se
deben apoyar a las piernas lo cual Foco del Incendio

compartirá el peso de la motosierra y

mejorar la presión del corte.
Posicionamiento
Corte de Caída
Este es el corte correcto que uno
debe realizar cuando se va talar un
árbol el cual no ha caído se hace
una cuña de caída o corte de
dirección, un Angulo de 45°
después se hace un corte opuesto
al corte de caída este corte es
horizontal para que el corte de
dirección el árbol se precipite hacia
ese corte, este corte debe de
realizarse a una distacia de 2 a 5 cm
por encima.
 Mantenimiento de
Motosierra

 Revisión de los fluidos gasolina mezclada,

aceite para lubricación de la cadena.
 Bujía debe estar siempre limpia.
 Filtro
 La cadena debe estar ajustada y con filo

Nota: verificar que la cadena este correctamente, sino no

cortara
 LIMPIEZA DESPUES DEL USO
DE LA MOTOSIERRA

• Quitar el filtro y soplarlo

• Quitarle la bujía para verificar que no
este la punta quemada
• Cambio de la cadena o sacarle filo
con una lima redonda
• Llenarla de gasolina y aceite para
poder trabajar en otro árbol.

Nota: observar el machete de que no sea golpeado, y

el ajustador de la cadena para que la misma pueda
apretarla.
Equipo de Protección

1-Lentes de seguridad

2- guates de seguridad

3- casco

4- Ropa de Seguridad( el equipo de bombero no esta

diseñado para este clase de trabajos).
Categoría del Aeropuerto

El nivel de protección que ha de proporcionarse en todo

aeropuerto debería basarse en las dimensiones de los
aviones que lo utilicen normalmente, con los ajustes que
exija la frecuencia de las operaciones

19
Gracias
Preguntas????
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