Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
FFF• M>OBABP•@BIRI>OBP
ah•lalpe`kche_]jk• 53
LQO>P•BPQOR@QRO>P•
PRMBOCF@F>IBP•B• FK@IRPFLKBP•
@BIRI>OBP• 61
@]l]o•oqlanbe_e]hao)•lahko•u•bei^ne]o• 61•
Fj_hqoekjao•_ahqh]nao• 63•
Sao~_qh]o•`a•c]o• 65
40
41• Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
E• I K N B K H K C ò=
U•P = I = z K • ? AHQ H=N
j•aopa•_]l~pqhk)•`aolq}o•`a•_kjoe`an]n•]jpanekniajpa•
B h]•_kilkoe_eÅj•mq~ie_]•`a•h]o•i]_nkikh}_qh]o)•l]*
o]iko•]•at]iej]n•_Åik•oa•_ki^ej]j•h]o•i]_nkikh}_q*
h]o•l]n]•bkni]n•hko•_kilkjajpao•aoaj_e]hao•`a•h]•_}hqh]7•
h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_])•h]•l]na`•_ahqh]n)•h]o•ej_hq*
oekjao)•ah•bh]cahk•u •kpn]o•aopnq_pqn]o+•Bh•pai]•lnej_el]h•`a•
aopa•_]l~pqhk•ao•h]•aopnq_pqn]•u•h]•bqj_eÅj+•Bteopa•qj•reafk•
]bkneoik•aj•^ekhkc~]•mqa•`e_a•çh]•bkni]•`aner]•`a•h]•bqj*
_eÅjé)•ao•`a_en)•h]•aopnq_pqn]•%bkni]&•`a•qj•_kilkjajpa•
^ekhÅce_k•arkhq_ekjÅ•d]op]•oan•hk•mqa•ao•lknmqa•ao•iafkn•
mqa•kpn]o•]hpanj]per]o•l]n]•na]hev]n•qj]•`apaniej]`]•bqj*
_eÅj•]•jerah•`a•h]•_}hqh]•k•`ah•knc]jeoik•_kilhapk+•> •aopa•
naola_pk)•hko•ie_nkknc]jeoiko•jk•okj•qj]•at_al_eÅj•u•
h]o•aopnq_pqn]o•aoaj_e]hao•`a•h]o•_}hqh]o•ie_nk^e]j]o•d]j•
arkhq_ekj]`k•lknmqa•hhar]j•]•_]^k•bqj_ekjao•aola_~be_]o•
`a•qj•ik`k•iqu•abe_]v+
@kiajv]iko•aopa•_]l~pqhk•at]iej]j`k•`ko•_]n]_pa*
n~ope_]o•_h]ra•`a•h]o•_}hqh]o•lnk_]neÅpe_]o7•oq•lamqaÄk•p]*
i]Äk•u•oq•bkni]+•I]o•lnk_]nekp]o•peajaj•qj]•bkni]•p~le_])•
u •okj•_}hqh]o•iqu•lamqaÄ]o+•I]•bkni]•ao•Çpeh•l]n]•`eba*
naj_e]n•h]o•_}hqh]o•lnk_]nekp]o•u•ah•p]i]Äk•peaja•qjko•ei*
lknp]jpao•aba_pko•aj•oq•^ekhkc~]+
1+.• I j maj gj b ~\ • ^ ` gp g\ m
Bj•ie_nk^ekhkc~])•ah•p}niejk•iknbkhkc~]•d]_a•nabanaj_e]•
]•h]•bkni]•`a•h]o•_}hqh]o+•Bjpna•hko•lnk_]nekp]o•oa•lnaoaj*
p]j•iknbkhkc~]o•r]ne]`]o•u •h]o•i|o•bna_qajpao•oa•`ao_ne*
^aj• ia`e]jpa• p}niejko• mqa• bkni]j• l]npa• `ah• h}te_k•
^|oe_k•`a•hko•ie_nk^eÅhkcko+
/ ), • G a f aj j ] n ak a{ f
G g j^g dg _ yY • q• < agdg_yY
>qjmqa•h]•iknbkhkc~]•_ahqh]n•ao•qj•_]n|_pan•b|_ehiajpa• ?pakl]f•[wdmdYk•hjg[Yjazla[Yk•[• f•^gje Yk•emq•nYjaY\Yk'•
na_kjk_e^ha)•aj•cajan]h)•`e_a•lk_k•]_an_]•`a•kpn]o•lnk* Fgk•[g[gk'•ZY[adgk•q •]khajadgk•5• af•e g j^gdg_xYk•emq
lea`]`ao•_ahqh]nao+• Mkn•afailhk)•reopko•]h•ie_nko_klek)• ^j][m]fl]k)
iq_dko•^]_ehko•\] <j[`Y]Y•l]na_aj•e`}jpe_ko•]•^]_ehko•`a• C• ?k[jaZY•]f• mj• Y•kgdY•^jYk]•dY•\a^]j]f[aY•e g j^gdz_a[
=Y[l]jaY(•laoa•]•mqa•lanpaja_aj•]•`kiejeko•behkcaj}pe_ko• ]flj]•[g[gk•V
`eopejpko•$nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•/+4&+•Bj•_kjoa_qaj_e])•_kj•iqu•
n]n]o•at_al_ekjao)•naoqhp]•eilkoe^ha•lna`a_en•h]•beoekhk* C• ÖMajn]•dY•e gj^gdg_xY•[]dmdYj•hYjY•h j]\][aj•gljYk•
c~])• a_khkc~])• behkcaje]• k•ln|_pe_]iajpa•_q]hmqean•kpn]• hjgh a]\Y\ ]k•\ ] •dY•[wdmdY:
lnklea`]`•`a•qj]•_}hqh]•lnk_]neÅpe_]•oeilhaiajpa•]•l]n*
pen•`a•oq•iknbkhkc~]+
Rj]•lnacqjp]•ejpanao]jpa•mqa•jk•peaja•b|_eh•naolqaop]•
ao•_kjoe`an]n•mq}•ao•hk•mqa•`apaniej]•h]•iknbkhkc~]•`a• Ag• o\ h \ Ä j • ^ ` gp g\ m•t • g\•
qj]•aola_ea•l]npe_qh]n+•K k•k^op]jpa)•oa•okola_d]•mqa•r]* dh k j mo\ i ^ d\ • _ ` • n` m• k ` l p ` Ä j
ne]o•bqanv]o•oaha_per]o•`a^aj•fqc]n•qj•l]lah•eilknp]jpa•
aj•h]•`apaniej]_eÅj•`a•h]•iknbkhkc~]•`a•qj]•aola_ea•`a* Iko•lnk_]nekp]o•lnaoajp]j•p]i]Äko• mqa•r]j•`ao`a• -)/•
paniej]`])•ej_hquaj`k•h]•klpeiev]_eÅj•l]n]•h]•pki]•`a %f+i•]•i|o•`a•4--•Gei• `a•`e|iapnk• %Q]^h]•1+.&+• I]•cn]j
P\]g\• 1+.• P\h \Äj•t •qjgp h ` i•_ ` •^}gpg\n•k mj ^\mdÅod^\ n)•_ ` •h \tj m•\• h `ijm
Sa_ao•Z[•lebkc[d
Ih]Wd_ice =WhWYj[huij_YWi Geh\ebe]uW NWcWve.•#ÇDc$ Pebkc[d•#ÇDc.$ Z[•B+_khe
`mj)•^jmm`nkji_`•\g•_d|h`omj•_`•^}gp•\n•`na}md^\n+•Hjn•q\gjm`n•_\_jn•^jmm`nkji_`i•\g•h•\tjm•o\h\Äj•^`gpg\m•j]n`
j•_`•P•dWc_X_[di_i'•pi\•^}gpg\•_`•odk• ;•h`_dj•km`n`io\•pi•_d| h`omj•_`•ŌÕÕ•vdh)•k`mj•j ^}gpg\n•bdb\i
$2-•vdh+•@`•hj_j•ndhdg\m)•pi\ }gpg\•h`_d\•_`•O+•h\mdipn•od`i`•.•vdh•
i•k\m`_•^`gpg\m•lp`•kp`_`•km`n`io\m• mad^j•ndbidad^\•èhp^c\n•ajm•
cpgu)•D+•J+•\i_•>+•>+•Fjmb`in`i+•/--. ;dd)•L[l)•G_YheX_eb)•00 .-2*.04+
43• Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
i]ukn~]•`a•hko•^]_ehko•lnk_]neÅpe_ko•mqa•d]j•oe`k•_qhpe* h]_eÅj•]h•rkhqiaj•_ahqh]n•mqa•h]o•_}hqh]o•cn]j`ao8•ao•`a*
r]`ko•aj•ah•h]^kn]pknek•aop|•ajpna•-)2*1•wG+i•`a•]j_dk•lkn• _en)•peajaj•qj]•nah]_eÅj•oqlanbe_ea,rkhqiaj•i|o•ahar]`]+•
iajko•`a• .2•wti•`a•h]nck)•lank•qjko•_q]jpko•lnk_]nek* M]n]•afailhebe_]n•aopk)•_kjoe`anaiko•qj•_k_k•aob}ne_k)•
p]o•cn]j`ao)•_kik•@hmdghak[ame•^ak`]dkgfa•okj•i]uknao)• _quk•rkhqiaj•ao•lnklkn_ekj]h•]•oq•n]`ek•ahar]`k•]h•_q^k•
_kj•_}hqh]o•mqa•ok^nal]o]j•hko•3--•Gei•%-)3•ieh~iapnko&+• %S •:•1,0•<_]( "•u •oq•oqlanbe_ea•`alaj`a•`ah•_q]`n]`k•`ah•n]*
Bop]•^]_pane])• mqa•aop|• b~hkcaj}pe_]iajpa•nah]_ekj]`]• `ek•%P•:•1•U_]' $• Mkn•_kjoecqeajpa)•h]•nah]_eÅj•P,S•aj•qj•
_kj•h]•^]_pane]•bkni]`kn]•`a•aj`kolkn]o•>dgklja\ame•u• _k_k•aob}ne_k•oan|•0,n•%Cecqn]•1+0&)•hk•mqa•jko•ej`e_]•mqa•
mqa•rera•aj•ah•ejpaopejk•`ah•lav•_enqf]jk)•jk•oÅhk•ao•ejpa* ]•ia`e`]•mqa•h]•_}hqh]•]qiajp]•`a•p]i]Äk)•ah•r]hkn•`a•oq•
nao]jpa•lkn•oq•p]i]Äk)• oejk•p]i^e}j•lknmqa•peaja•qj• _k_eajpa•P,S•`eoiejqua+•I]•Q]^h]•1+.•laniepa•`apaniej]n•
ik`k•lk_k•_kiÇj•`a•`ere`enoa•u•lknmqa•_kjpeaja•iq* h]•nah]_eÅj•P,S•l]n]•]hcqj]o•_}hqh]o•`a•`ebanajpa•p]i]Äk7•
_d]o•_kle]o•`a•oq•cajki]+• Pa•bkni]•qj]•`ao_aj`aj_e]• K]dY_aZY[l]j•mZaim](•..7•@*•[gda(•1+28•u•@*•^ak`]dkgfa(•-+-2+
iÇhpelha•]•l]npen•`a•h]•ç_}hqh]•i]`naé•mqa•naoqhp]•hqack•
he^an]`]• %h]• Cecqn]• 1+/]• iqaopn]• qj]• _}hqh]• i]`na&+•
@]`]•_}hqh]•i]`na•`a•@hmdghak[ame•_kjpeaja•r]neko•ie*
hao•`a•_kle]o•`ah•cajki])•_]`]•qj]•`a•h]o•_q]hao•ao•]lnk*
tei]`]iajpa• `ah• ieoik• p]i]Äk• mqa• ah• cajki]• `a•
@k[`]ja[`aY•[gda•%1)3•l]nao•`a•iac]^]oao)•k•J^l&+•>l]*
najpaiajpa)•aopa•ahar]`k•jÇiank•`a•_kle]o•naoqhp]•ja*
_ao]nek•lknmqa•ah•rkhqiaj•_ahqh]n•`a•@hmdghak[ame•ao•
p]j•cn]j`a•mqa•qj]•okh]•_kle]•`a•oq•cajki]•jk•oan~]•oq*
be_eajpa•l]n]•o]peob]_an•h]o•ja_aoe`]`ao•pn]jo_nel_ekj]*•
hao•u •pn]`q__ekj]hao•`a•h]•_}hqh]+
I]o•_}hqh]o•`ah•lnk_]nekp]•`a•i]ukn•p]i]Äk•_kjk_e`k)•
ah•mqeiekhepÅpnkbk•`ah•]vqbna•D`ageYj_YjalY•%Cecqn]•1+/Z%(•
lqa`aj•]h_]jv]n•hko•42-•we+i•`a•`e|iapnk)•`a•ik`k•mqa•
okj•_]oe•reoe^hao•]•oeilha•reop]+•I]•i]ukn~]•`a•hko•lnk_]*
nekp]o•`a•cn]j•p]i]Äk•okj•ie_nkknc]jeoiko•mqeiekhepÅ*
pnkbko•`ah•]vqbna•k•_e]jk^]_pane]o•%Q]^h]•1+.&+•I]•n]vÅj•`a•
aopk•jk•oa•_kjk_a•lkn•_kilhapk•]qjmqa)•aj•ah•_]ok•`a•h]o•
cn]j`ao•^]_pane]o•`ah•]vqbna)•ah•p]i]Äk•lqa`a•nalnaoaj* #W$
p]n•qj•ia_]jeoik•l]n]• ]hi]_aj]n•]vqbna• %mqa•ao•qj]•
bqajpa• `a• ajanc~]&+• Pa• oqlkja• mqa•h]• heiep]_eÅj• aj• h]•
pki]•`a•jqpneajpao•ao•qj•b]_pkn•heiep]jpa•mqa•`apaniej]•
hko•h~iepao•oqlaneknao•`ah•p]i]Äk•`a•h]o•_}hqh]o•lnk_]neÅ*•
pe_]o+•Bj•qj]•_}hqh])•h]•rahk_e`]`•`a•oq•iap]^kheoik•ao•
ejrano]iajpa•lnklkn_ekj]h•]h•_q]`n]`k•`a•oq•p]i]Äk•u•
lkn•p]jpk)•aj•_}hqh]o•iqu•cn]j`ao)•hko•lnk_aoko•`a•pn]jo*
lknpa•lqa`aj• hhac]n• ]• heiep]n•ah• iap]^kheoik• d]op]•ah•
lqjpk•`a•mqa•h]•_}hqh]•u]•jk•ao•_kilapeper]•naola_pk•]•_}*
hqh]o•iajknao+
Bj•ah•iqj`k•`a•hko•lnk_]nekp]o)•h]•lnaoaj_e]•`a•_}*
hqh]o• iqu•cn]j`ao• jk• ao•h]• jkni]+• Bj• _kjpn]opa• _kj•
O`ageYj_YjalY•k•_kj•@hmdghak[ame•%Cecqn]•1+/&)•h]o•`e*
iajoekjao•`a•qj•^]_ehk•lnk_]nekp]•`a•pelk•ia`ek)•_kik•
lkn•afailhk•h]•^]_pane]•@k[`]ja[`aY•[gda(•oqahaj•oan•`a•
. t / •wei+•Bop]o•`eiajoekjao•okj•h]o•p~le_]o•`a•hko•lnk*
_]nekp]o•ieajpn]o• mqa)•_kil]n]per]iajpa)• h]o•_}hqh]o• #X$
aq_]neÅpe_]o•`a•pelk•ia`ek•lqa`aj•r]ne]n•`a• .-•]•i|o•
B db p m\ •1 +/ • Lmj^\mdjo\n•bdb\io`n)•#W$•Id^mjbm\a~\•`i•^\hkj•
`a•/--•ji•`a•`e|iapnk+• Bj•kpn]o•l]h]^n]o)• hko•lnk_]*
jn^pmj•_`•pi•kmj^\mdjo\•bdb\io`)• ?fkbef_iY_kc \_i^[bied_'•
nekp]o•okj•cajan]hiajpa•_}hqh]o•iqu•lamqaÄ]o•aj•_ki* ndh]djio`•_`g• k`u•^dmpe\ij+•Ag•]\^dgj•_`•`no`•^\hkj•h d_`•pijn•
l]n]_eÅj•_kj•h]o•_}hqh]o•aq_]neÅpe_]o+ 3--•s •42•Fdh•t•n`•hp`nom\•ep ioj•\•om`n•^}gpg\n•_`g•kmjodno\•
`p^\mdÅod^j•JWhWc[Y_kc'•lp`•hd_`•pijn•.2-esh•_`•g\mbj+
L ]dY[a{f• km h ]j^a[ a] *n g dm e ] f '• n]dg [ a\ Y \ ] k• ?) \_i^[bied_•`n•pi•hd`h]mj•_`•<WYj[h_W•t•`no|•a~gjb`i}od^\h`io`•
\ ] • [ j] [ ae a] f lg • q • ]ngdm[a{f m`g\^dji\_j•^ji•`nk`^d`n•_`•=beijh_Z_kc' #X$ N^_ecWh]Wh_jW•
dWc_X_[di_i'•pi•l pdh dgdoÅomjaj•_`g•\upam`•%g~i`\•Lmjo`j]\^o`md\•_`•
M]n]•qj]•_}hqh])•ah•p]i]Äk•lamqaÄk•peaja•oqo•rajp]f]o+• <WYj[h_W$'•`n•\^op\gh`io`•`g•h\tjm•kmj^\mdjo\•^jij^d_j+•?\_\•
I]o•_}hqh]o•lamqaÄ]o•lkoaaj•i|o•|na]•oqlanbe_e]h•_kj•na* ^}gpg\•jqjd_`\•od`i`•pijn•1--• Fdh•_`•\i^cpm\+
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• 44
hko•cnqlko•qje`ko•]h•aomqahapk•`a•che_ankh+•@kik•hko•bko*
EE• I A I > N = J = • bkh~le`ko•oa•]cnac]j•aj•okhq_eÅj•]_qko])•peaj`aj•]•bkni]n•
? EP K L H = O I ó P E? = • ^e_]l]o•`a•bkni]•j]pqn]h)•_kj•hko•|_e`ko•cn]oko•kneajp]*
U• PN=JOLK NPA `ko•d]_e]•ah•ejpanekn•bkni]j`k•qj•]i^eajpa•de`nkbÅ^e_k•
u•h]o•lkn_ekjao•de`nkb~he_]o•atlqaop]o•]•h]•b]oa•]_qko]•at*
Btlkj`naiko•]dkn]•qj]•aopnq_pqn]•_ahqh]n•iqu•eilkn* panekn•k•]h•_epklh]oi]•%Cecqn]•1+1]&+
p]jpa)•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_])•u •nal]o]naiko•oqo• I]•iai^n]j]•_epklh|oi|pe_])•_kj•qj]•]j_dqn]•`a•3*•
lnej_el]hao•bqj_ekjao)•aj•l]npe_qh]n•oq•l]lah•aj•ah•pn]jo* 5•j]jÅiapnko)•lqa`a•k^oanr]noa•lkn•ie_nko_kl~]•aha_*
lknpa•`a•oqop]j_e]o•`ajpnk•u•bqan]•`a•h]•_}hqh]+ pnÅje_]•_kik•`ko•h~ja]o•_h]n]o•oal]n]`]o•lkn•qj]•vkj]•
i|o• ko_qn]• %Cecqn]• 0*0Z%*• Bop]• mfa\Y\ \] e]eZjYfY(•
_kik•oa•`ajkiej]•%lknmqa•_]`]•h|iej]•`a•bkobkh~le`ko•
1+0 • I ` h ] m\ i \ • ^ doj k g\ n h | od^ \ • bkni]•h]•iep]`•`a•h]•çqje`]`é&)•_kjop]•`a•qj]•^e_]l]•`a•
`i• ] \ ^ o` md\ n •t •\mlp`\ n bkobkh~le`ko•aj•h]•mqa•ateopaj•lnkpa~j]o•ai^a^e`]o• %B d*
b p m\ •1 +2 &+•I]•aopnq_pqn]•chk^]h•`a•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]o*
I]• iai ^n]j]• _epklh]oi |pe_]• ao• qj]• aopnq_pqn]• bej]• i|pe_]• oa•aop]^ehev]• ia`e]jpa•lqajpao• `a• de`nÅcajk• a•
mqa•nk`a]•h]•_}hqh]+•Bop]•aopnq_pqn]•rep]h•ao•h]•^]nnan]•mqa• ejpan]__ekjao•de`nkbÅ^e_]o•$nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•0+.&+•>`ai|o)•
oal]n]•ah•ejpanekn•_ahqh]n•%ah•_epklh]oi]&•`ah•atpanekn+•Pe•h]• _]pekjao•_kik•ah•Jc/'•u•ah•@]/(•]uq`]j•]•h]•aop]^ehev]_eÅj•
iai^n]j]•oa•nkila)•oa•`aopnqua•h]•ejpacne`]`•_ahqh]n)•ah• bkni]j`k•ajh]_ao•eÅje_ko•_kj•h]o•_]nc]o•jac]per]o•`a•hko•
_kjpaje`k• `ah• _epklh]oi]• ao_]l]• ]h• ia`ek• u• h]• _}hqh]• bkobkh~le`ko+
iqana+•I]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•ao•p]i^e}j•qj]•^]* >•lao]n•`a•mqa•h]•nalnaoajp]_eÅj•aomqai|pe_]•`a•h]•
nnan]•_kj•ahar]`]•lania]^ehe`]`•oaha_per]•mqa•_]l]_ep]•]• iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•peaja•qj•]ola_pk•n~ce`k•%C e*
h]•_}hqh]•l]n]•_kj_ajpn]n•iap]^khepko•aola_~be_ko•u •l]n]• cqn]•1+2&)•aj•na]he`]`•ao•^]op]jpa•bhqe`])•_kj•qj]•reo_k*
at_nap]n•lnk`q_pko•`a•`aoa_dk+ oe`]`•amqer]hajpa•]•h]•`a•hko•]_aepao•`a•]hpk•cn]`k+• Iko•
^eÅhkcko•aola_e]hev]`ko•aj•iai^n]j]o•lajo]^]j•mqa•h]o•
= ge hgka[a{f• \ ] • dYk• e ] e ZjYfYk iai^n]j]o•an]j•iqu•bhqe`]o•u•mqa•h]o•lnkpa~j]o•aop]*
I]•aopnq_pqn]•cajan]h•`a•h]o•iai^n]j]o•^ekhÅce_]o•ao•h]• ^]j•he^nao•_kik•bhkp]j`k•aj•qj•çi ]né•`a•h~le`ko+•Bj•h]•
`a•qj]•^e_]l]•bkobkhel~`e_]•%B db p m\ •1 +1 &+• @kik•oa•d]•ej* ]_pq]he`]`•oa•o]^a•mqa•aopa•ik`ahk•ao•ej_knna_pk8•ao•lnk*
`e_]`k•]jpanekniajpa•$nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•0+1&)•hko•bkobkh~le`ko• ^]^ha• h]• ateopaj_e]• `a• ]hcÇj• ikreieajpk• aj• h]• iai*
_kjpeajaj•_kilkjajpao•de`nkbÅ^e_ko• %|_e`ko•cn]oko&• a• ^n]j])•lank•oa•`ao_kjk_a•ah•]h_]j_a•`a•oq•]ilhepq`•u•`a•
de`nkb~he_ko•%che_ankh*bkob]pk&•mqa•lqa`aj•lnaoajp]n•iÇh* oq•eilknp]j_e]•_kj•nah]_eÅj•]•h]o•bqj_ekjao•`a•h]•iai*
pelhao•bkni]o•mq~ie_]o•`eopejp]o•`a^e`k•]•h]•r]ne]_eÅj•`a ^n]j]+
Jjgl]yfYk•\ ] • e ] e Z jY f Y
I]o•lnej_el]hao•lnkpa~j]o•`a•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•
peajaj•vkj]o•de`nkbÅ^e_]o•aj•h]o•nacekjao•mqa•oa•ej_hquaj•
aj•h]•iai^n]j]•u •vkj]o•de`nkb~he_]o•aj•h]o•nacekjao•mqa•
_kjp]_p]j•_kj•ah•ia`ek•atpanekn•u•_kj•ah•_epklh]oi]•%Ce*
N`bdÅi cqn]•1+2&+•I]•oqlanbe_ea•i|o•atpanj]•`a•h]•iai^n]j]•_e*
cd_mjaÅ]d^\ pklh]oi|pe_]• oa• kneajp]• d]_e]• ah• ia`ek• u• aj• ]hcqj]o•
^]_pane]o•ejpan]__ekj]•_kj•`erano]o•lnkpa~j]o•mqa•qjaj•
oqopn]pko•k•lnk_ao]j•cn]j`ao•ikh}_qh]o•l]n]•oq•pn]jo*
lknpa•]•h]•_}hqh]•%lnkpa~j]o•lanelh|oie_]o+• Pa__eÅj•1+4&+•
I]• _]n]• ejpanj]• `a• h]• iai^n]j]• _epklh]oi|pe_]• oa•
kneajp]•]h•_epklh]oi]•u •_kjp]_p]•_kj•lnkpa~j]o•eilhe_]*
`]o•aj•na]__ekjao•mqa•cajan]j•ajanc~]•u •kpn]o•bqj_ekjao•
$Y%
_ahqh]nao•eilknp]jpao+
Jq_d]o•lnkpa~j]o•`a•iai^n]j]•oa•aj_qajpn]j•benia*
iajpa•]ok_e]`]o•]•ahh]•u•oa•hh]i]j•lnkpa~j]o•afl]_jYd]k•`a•
iai^n]j]+•Lpn]o•okh]iajpa•peajaj•qj]•lkn_eÅj•]j_h]`]•
aj•h]•iai^n]j]•u •lnaoajp]j•nacekjao•bqan]•`a•h]•iai*
#X$ ^n]j]•mqa•oa•kneajp]j•d]_e]•`ajpnk•k•d]_e]•bqan]•`a•h]•_}*
hqh]• %Cecqn]• 1+2&+• Cej]hiajpa)• d]u• kpn]o)• hh]i]`]o•
B db p m\ •1 +1 • Anomp^opm\•_`•pi\• ]d^\k\•ajnajgdk~_d^\+
lnkpa~j]o•h]ja^wja[Yk•`a•iai^n]j])• mqa•jk•aop|j•aj•]^*
#W$ H\•`nomp^opm\•lp~hd^\•b`i`m\g•_`•pi•ajnajg~kd_j•n`•hp`nom\•
`i•g\•Bdbpm\•0+4^+•#X$•Id^mjbm\a~\•`g`^omÅid^\•_`•om\inhdndÅi• okhqpk•ai^a^e`]o•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•lank•mqa•oej•ai^]nck•
_`•pi\•h`h]m\i\•_`•g\•]\^o`md\•BWbeh^eZeif_hW ^WbeY^beh_i)• oa•]ok_e]j•bqanpaiajpa•_kj•oqo•oqlanbe_eao+•>hcqj]o•`a•
H\•uji\•dio`mi\•jn^pm\•`n•g\•m`bdÅi•cd_mjaÅ]d^\•_`g• hj_`gj• aop]o•iai^n]j]o•laneb}ne_]o•okj•helklnkpa~j]o)•ao•`a_en)•
hjnom\_j•`i•%\&+ lnkpa~j]o•mqa•_kjpeajaj•qj]•l]npa•hel~`e_]•lkn•h]•mqa•oa
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• 46
Aso`mdjm
B db p m\ •1 +2 • Anomp^opm\•_`•g\•h`h]m\i\•^dojkg\nh |od^\+•H\•npk`mad^d`•dio`mi\•n`•jmd`io\•c\^d\•`g•^dojkg\nh\•t•g\•`so`mi\•c\^d\•`g•
h`_dj+• H\•h\omdu•_`•g\•pid_\_•_`•h`h]m\i\•`no|•ajmh\_\•k jmajnajg~kd_jn)•^ptjn•bmpkjn•cd_mjaÅ]d^jn•`no|i•_dmdbd_jn•c\^d\•_`iomj•
hd`iom\n•lp`•gjn•bmpkjn•cd_mja~gd^jn•n`•_dmdb`i•c\^d\•ap`m\•t•n`•\nj^d\i•^ji•`g•\bp\+•H\n•kmjo`~i\n•`h]`]d_\n•`i•g\•h\omdu•od`i`i•
kmjkd`_\_`n•cd_mjaÅ]d^\n•`i•g\•m`bdÅi•lp`•\om\qd`n\•g\•]d^\k\•gdk~_d^\+•H\n•kmjo`~i\n•cd_mja~gd^\n•t•jom\n•npno\i^d\n•^\mb\_\n)•^jhj•gjn•
dji`n•h`o|gd^jn)•kp`_`i•pidmn`•\•g\•npk`mad^d`•cd_mja~gd^\+•=pilp`•`sdno`i•\gbpi\n•_da`m`i^d\n•lp~hd^\n)•g\•`nomp^opm\•bgj]\g•_`•g\•
h`h]m\i\•`n•ndhdg\m•o\ioj•`i•kmj^\mdjo\n•^jhj•`i•`p^\mdjo\n•%ij•j]no\io`)•`i•g\•Bdbpm\•1+5_•n`•hp`nom\•pi\•`s^`k^dÅi•m`g\odq\•\g•
_dn`Äj•_`•g\•]d^\k\&+
qjaj•]•h]•iai^n]j]+•Mkn•hk•cajan]h•aop]o•lnkpa~j]o•ejpan* Iko•aopanÅhao•okj•ikh}_qh]o•n~ce`]o•u•lh]j]o)•ieajpn]o•
]__ekj]j•_kj•lnkpa~j]o•ejpacn]hao•`a•iai^n]j]•mqa•okj• mqa•hko•|_e`ko•cn]oko•okj•bhate^hao•u •oq•lnaoaj_e]•aj•h]o•
eilknp]jpao• aj•lnk_aoko• _ahqh]nao•nah]_ekj]`ko•_kj•ah• iai^n]j]o•b]rkna_a•oq•aop]^ehev]_eÅj•lank•h]o•d]_a•ia*
iap]^kheoik•ajanc}pe_k•u•ah•pn]jolknpa+ jko•bhate^hao+•Iko•`ghYfga\]k•okj•ikh}_qh]o•oeieh]nao•]•
Bj• rav• `a• aop]n• `eopne^qe`]o• qjebkniaiajpa)• h]o• hko•aopanÅhao•mqa•aop|j•lnaoajpao•aj•iq_d]o•aola_eao•`ah•
lnkpa~j]o•oa•`eopne^quaj•lkn•^hkmqao•aj•h]•iai^n]j]• `kiejek•=Y[l]jaY•u •ao•lkoe^ha•mqa•`aoailaÄaj•qj•l]lah•
_epklh]oi|pe_]•%Cecqn]•1+2&)• ]cnql|j`koa•l]n]• bkni]n• l]na_e`k•]h•`a•hko•aopanÅhao•aj•h]o•iai^n]j]o•`a•hko•aq*
_kjfqjpko•`a•lnkpa~j]o•mqa•ejpan]__ekj]j•k•mqa•peajaj• _]nekp]o+•Bh•dkl]jke`a•`ajkiej]`k•\ahdghl]fg•peaja•0-•
qj]•bqj_eÅj•oeieh]n+• Bh•_kjpaje`k•chk^]h•`a•lnkpa~j]o• |pkiko•`a•_]n^kjk•u•aop|•]ilhe]iajpa•`eopne^qe`k•%Ce*
aj•h]•iai^n]j]•ao•iqu•ahar]`k•u •oa•ejpanlnap]•mqa•h]•
]j_dqn]•`a•h]•^e_]l]•hel~`e_]•r]n~]•ajpna•3•u •5•ji•l]n]•
^ c Ŏ• ^cŎ
]_kik`]n•p]jpk•h]o•]cnql]_ekjao•`ajo]o•_kik•h]o•i|o•
bej]o•`a•h]o•lnkpa~j]o+
cqn]•1+3Z%*•E]op]•]dkn]•jk•oa•d]j•aj_kjpn]`k•dkl]jke*•
`ao•aj•h]o•aola_eao•`ah•`kiejek•<j[`Y]Y*
+ yo`m
F
j• D /? ëK ë? ëN
G ] e Z jY f Y k •\ ] • Yjim]Yk EE• . í
D?ë Kë•? ë•N• D?ë Kë ? ë N
Iko•h~le`ko•`a•h]o•iai^n]j]o•`a•<j[`Y]Y•okj•`ebanajpao•
]•hko•`a•=Y[l]jaY•u•@mcYjqY*•> •`ebanaj_e]•`a•hk•mqa•oq_a`a• E• ~<
aj•=Y[l]jaY g @mcYjqY(•`kj`a•hko•ajh]_ao•wkl]j•okj•hko•nao* Dj?•ë Kë L•ë - í D /? ëK ë L ë^ m
D /? : ?ë ^ ë ?D/
lkjo]^hao•`a•h]•qjeÅj•ajpna•ah•che_ankh•u •hko•|_e`ko•cn]oko•
%Cecqn]• 1+4]8•nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•0+1&)•hko•h~le`ko•`a•<j[`Y]Y•
lkoaaj•ajh]_ao•wl]j•ajpna•ah•che_ankh•u •h]o•_]`aj]o•h]pan]* @mcYjqY
hao•de`nkbÅ^e_]o+•>`ai|o)•_]na_aj•`a•|_e`ko•cn]oko•u •aj• $Y% $Z% $[%
oq•hqc]n•peajaj•_]`aj]o•h]pan]hao•_kilqaop]o•`a•qje`]*
B db p m\ •1 +4 • Anomp^opm\•b`i`m\g•_ ` •gjn•g~kd_jn+•#W$•?fdY[] wkl]j)
`ao•nalapeper]o• `a•eoklnajk)•qj]•ikh}_qh]• de`nk_]n^k*•
#X$ ?fdY[] wl]j' #Y$•Ckghj]fg' dY ]kljm[lmjY Zvka[Y \] dYk [Y\]fYk
j]`]•`a•2•|pkiko•`a•_]n^kjk•%Cecqn]•1+4_&+•Pej•ai^]nck)•
dYl]jYd]k `a\jg^zZa[Yk ]f dgk dxha\gk \] ;hY^W[W)•Jgj ]d [gfljYjag'
laoa•]•aop]o•`ebanaj_e]o•mq~ie_]o)•h]•`eolkoe_eÅj•cajan]h•
]f dgk dxha\gk \] <WYj[h_W•q ?kaWhoW'•dYk [Y\]fYk dYl]jYd]k kgf
`a•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•`a•]nmqa]o•oa•i]jpeaja• v[a\gk _jYkgk)
_kik•aj•^]_pane]o•u •aq_]nekp]o)•_kj•oqlanbe_eao•atpanj]o•
a•ejpanj]o•de`nkb~he_]o•u•_kj•qj•ejpanekn•de`nkbÅ^e_k+
Iko•lnej_el]hao•h~le`ko•aj•<j[`Y]Y•okj•`e}panao•`a•che* r]hajpaiajpa• qje`]o• %Cecqn]• 1+5Z%*• Bopk• d]_a• mqa• oa•
_ankh)•mqa•peajaj•_]`aj]o•h]pan]hao•`a•/-•|pkiko•`a•_]n* bknia•qj]•egfg[YhY•aj•rav•`a•qj]•Za[YhY•hel~`e_]•%Ce*
^kjk• %`ajkiej]`]o• cnqlk• ^alYfz%(• u • papn]}panao• `a• cqn]•1+5_)\%*•I]o•ikjk_]l]o•hel~`e_]o•okj•iqu•naoeopaj*
che_ankh)•mqa•_kjpeajaj•_]`aj]o•h]pan]hao•`a•1-•|pkiko•`a• pao•]•h]•`eocnac]_eÅj•u•lkn•p]jpk•jk•naoqhp]•atpn]Äk•mqa•
_]n^kjk•%Cecqn]•1+5])^&+•Bj•hko•h~le`ko•_kj•papn]}pan)•h]o• aopa•pelk•`a•iai^n]j]•oa]•d]^epq]h•ajpna•h]o•<j[`Y]Y•de*•
_]`aj]o•`a•bep]jk•`a•_]`]•ikh}_qh]•`a•che_ankh•aop|j•_k* lanpaniÅb~h]o•mqa•oa•`ao]nnkhh]j•]•ahar]`]o•pailan]pqn]o
>dado\idg
#Y$•>d^\k\•gdk~_d^\ #Z$•Ijij^\k\•gdk~_d^\
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• 5.
W• oâllâ è%
$nwYfk]•Pa__ekjao•3+.1•u•.4*6*.4+..&•mqa•lk`n~]j•knecej]n•
h]•`eocnac]_eÅj•`a•h]o•^e_]l]o•u•_]qo]n•h]•heoeo•_ahqh]n+
/ ) . • G a f aj j ] n ak a{ f
be_]`]•`qn]jpa•ah•pn]jolknpa+•Iko•_]oko•iafkn•aopq`e]`ko•`a•
aopa•pelk•`a•pn]jolknpa•okj•hko•mqa•oa•nabeanaj•]h•pn]jolknpa•
`a•hko•]vÇ_]nao•chq_ko])•i]Äko]•u •bnq_pko]•aj•@*•[gda*•Bopko•
_kilqaopko•okj•ik`ebe_]`ko•lkn•bkobkneh]_eÅj•ia`e]jpa•ah•
kakl]eY•\]•dY•^gk^gljYfk^]jYkY•`qn]jpa•ah•pn]jolknpa+
Bh•oeopai]•`a•h]•bkobkpn]joban]o]•aop|•bkni]`k•lkn•qj]•
b]iehe]•`a•lnkpa~j]o)•`a•h]o•_q]hao•oa•ja_aoep]j•_ej_k•l]n]•
hhar]n•]•_]^k•ah•pn]jolknpa•`a•qj•]vÇ_]n•`apaniej]`k+•>j*
pao•`a•mqa•ah•]vÇ_]n•oa]•pn]jolknp]`k)•h]o•ieoi]o•lnkpa~j]o•
`ah•oeopai]•`a•h]•bkobkpn]joban]o]•oa•bkobkneh]j•u•`abkobkne*•
h]j•]hpanj]per]iajpa•aj•_]o_]`]•d]op]•mqa•ah•pn]jolknp]`kn•
na]h)•mqa•ao•h]•ajvei]•Ea)•bkobkneh]•]h•]vÇ_]n•`qn]jpa•ah•lnk*
_aok•`ah•pn]jolknpa•%B db p m\ •1 +. 1 &+•Rj]•lamqaÄ]•lnkpa~j]•hh]*
i]`]•CKj(•h]•ajvei]•mqa•h]•bkobkneh]•%ajvei]•F&•u •h]•ajvei]•
he]•okj•lnkpa~j]o•_epklh]oi|pe_]o+•Mkn•ah•_kjpn]nek)•h]•aj*
vei]•Fh^•oa•oepÇ]•ok^na•h]•oqlanbe_ea•ejpanekn•`a•h]•iai*
^n]j]•u•h]•ajvei]•Ea•ao•qj]•lnkpa~j]•ejpacn]h•`a•iai^n]j]•
%Cecqn]•1+.1&+•Q]jpk•EMn•_kik•h]•ajvei]•F•okj•_kilkjaj*
pao•ejaola_~be_ko•`ah•oeopai]•bkobkpn]joban]o]•u•l]npe_el]j•
aj•ah•pn]jolknpa•`a•r]neko•]vÇ_]nao+•Bj•_]i^ek)•h]•ajvei]
FF•ao•aola_~be_]•l]n]•_]`]•]vÇ_]n•ej`ere`q]h•%Cecqn]•1+.1&+
I]•ajanc~]•namqane`]•lkn•ah•oeopai]•bkobkpn]joban]o]•
`aner]•`ah•bkobkajkh•lenqr]pk)•mqa•ao•qj•_kilqaopk•_kj•
]hp]•ajanc~]•$nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•2+5&+•>qjmqa•aj•ah•lnk_aok•`ah•
n•G2óPL@2@ó22P
? p l] jag j• Cf l]jag j pn]jolknpa• `a•qj]• ikh}_qh]• `a• chq_ko]• oa• _kjoqia•h]•
ajanc~]•amqer]hajpa•]•qj•ajh]_a•bkob]pk•`a•]hp]•ajanc~]•%Ce*
B db p m\ • 1 +. 0 • Bpi^dÅi•_`•g\•k`mh`\n\•H\^•_`•?iY^[h_Y^_W•Y eb_•
cqn]•1+.1&)•h]•bkobkneh]_eÅj•`a•h]•chq_ko]•]•chq_ko]*Ǿ *M•ao•
%pi•n dh kjmo\_jm&•t •_`•jomjn•om\inkjmo\_jm`n•ndhkg`n•]d`i•
ah•lneian•l]ok•namqane`k•l]n]•oq•iap]^kheoik•%chq_Åheoeo)•
^\m\^o`mdu\_jn+•;mfim]'•hgj•kae hda[a\Y\'•dYk•hjgl]xfYk•
nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•2+.-&+•Mkn•p]jpk)•ah•oeopai]•bkobkpn]joban]o]•
ljYfke]eZjYfYd]k•k]•j]hj]k]flYf•Yimx•\]•^gjeY•_dgZmdYj'•km•
]kljm[lmjY•j]Yd•]k•dY•af\a[Y\Y•]f•dY•@a_mjY•/),-)
lnal]n]•]•h]•chq_ko]•l]n]•oq•ajpn]`]•ejia`e]p]•aj•qj]•ei*
lknp]jpa•nqp]•iap]^Åhe_]•_ajpn]h+
>aj][[azf•\]•ljYfk^]j]f[aY•\]•J•a8 ~ 9
9 0 : >aj][[azf•\]•ljYfk^]j]f[aY•\]•J
B db p m\ •1 +. 1 • I`^\idnhj•_ ` g•ndno`h\•ajnajom\ina`m\n\•`i•?iY^[h_Y^_W• Yeb_)•JYjY•]d•ljYfkhgjl]•\]•_dm[gkY'•]d•kakl]eY•[gfklY•\]•[af[g•
hjgl]xfYk5•]fraeY•#?fr$•C'•]fraeYk•daY'•CdZ•q•da]'•q •BJj)•FY•ljYfk^]j]f[aY•k][m]f[aYd•\]d•^gk^Ylg•la]f]•dm_Yj•\]k\]•]d•^gk^g]fgdhajmnYlg•#J?J$'•
Y•ljYnwk•\]•dYk•hjgl]xfYk•im]•k]•af\a[Yf'•`YklY•dY•]fraeY•da]'•im]•]k•dY•Ymlwfla[Y•j]khgfkYZd]•\]d•ljYfkhgjl]•q•^gk^gjadY[azf•\]d•Yr{[Yj)
FYk•hjgl]xfYk•BJj•q•?fr•C•kgf•af]kh][x^a[Yk•q•ljYfkhgjlYf•[mYdima]j•Yr{[Yj'•ea]fljYk•im]•dgk•[gehgf]fl]k•\]•?frdd•kgf•]kh][x^a[gk•
hYjY•[Y\Y•Yr{[Yj•hYjla[mdYj)
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• 52
iai^n]j]hao•u •peaja•hqc]n•ah•pn]jolknpa•]•pn]r}o•`a•h]•
iai^n]j]•]•atlajo]o•`ah•c]opk•`a•>QM•%Cecqn]•1+.2&+
G]eZjYfY•]pl]jfY
G]eZjYfY•
[alghdYkevla[Y
J]hla\g_da[Yfg(
J]hla\g_da[Yfg
#[$• #\$
B db p m\ •1 +. 3 • L\m`_`n•^`gpg\m`n•_ ` •]\^o`md\n+
#W'•X$•>aY_jYeYk•]kim]evla[gk•\]•hYj]\]k•[]dmdYj]k•_jYehgkalanYk•q •_jYef]_YlanYk)•#Y$•Ga[jg_jY^xY•]d][ljzfa[Y•\]•dY•hYj]\•[]dmdYj•\]•
mfY•ZY[l]jaY•_jYehgkalanY'•;hj^heXWYj[h•YhoijWbbefe_[j[i)•#Z$•<Y[l]jaY•_jYef]_YlanY'•F[kYej^hun•ckYeh)•#['•\$•Ga[jg_jY^xYk•]d][ljzfa[Yk•\]•
ZYjja\g•\]•ZY[l]jaYk•_jYehgkalanYk•#<WY_bbki•ikXjub_i$o•_jYef]_YlanYk•#?iY^[h_Y^_W•Yeb_$)•IZkwjn]k]•dY•\a^]j]fl]•l]plmjY•kmh]j^a[aYd•]f•dYk•
[wdmdYk•egkljY\Yk•]f•^]$•q •#\$)•FYk•[wdmdYk•\]•<)•ikXjub_i•e •\]•?)•Yeb_•la]f]f•mfY•Yf[`mjY•Yhjgpae Y\Y•\]•,•Gei+
55 • Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
?KKD ?KKD•
DjJ*?D DŌJë?D NĊZǺČZ
(+ (= Ô Ħ Ô Ħ Ô Ħ $ ` $ÃǺČZĆÅZYÃĄ
DŌJë?D•
?KKD
B db p m\ •1 +. 4 • =h dij|^d_jn•_`•`ig\^`•_`•`iom`^mpu\h d`ioj•
`i•`g• k`kod_jbgd^\ij+•O`•m`n\go\•g\•Çid^\•_da`m`i^d\•`iom`•
g\n•_jn•hjg}^pg\n+•=_`h|n•_`•`nojn•_jn•\hdij|^d_jn)•n`•
`i^p`iom\i•jomjn•\hdij|^d_jn•`i•g\n•pidji`n•_`•
2 " % " c
`iom`^mpu\hd`ioj•%Bdbpm\•1+.5&+
_kja_p]`ko•oeailna•]•pn]r}o•`a•ajh]_a•l*.)1•%Cecqn]•1+.5&+•
Bh•papn]l}lpe`k•`a•h]•qje`]`•nalapeper]•oÅhk•r]n~]•aj•qj•
]iejk|_e`k)• k•^eaj•heoej]•k• ]hpanj]per]iajpa•A>M+• Kk•
k^op]jpa)•aj•]hcqjko•ie_nkknc]jeoiko•ah•|_e`k•A*chqp|*•
ie_k•aj•lkoe_eÅj•Ō •lqa`a•aop]n•de`nkteh]`k•u•aj•kpnko•
lqa`aj•`]noa•oqopepq_ekjao•`a•]iejk|_e`ko•aj•h]o•lkoe*
_ekjao• .•u •0+•@q]hmqean•]iejk|_e`k•lnaoajpa•aj•ah•papn]*
l}lpe`k•p]i^e}j•lqa`a•lnaoajp]noa• aj• ah•lqajpa)• lank• ?fdY[]k•_da[gkx\a[gk
]`ai|o•lqa`aj•aop]n•lnaoajpao•kpnko•]iejk|_e`ko)•_kik•
che_ej])•oanej])•pnakjej]•u •|_e`k•]ol|npe_k+•Pej•ai^]nck)•
B db p m\ •1 +. 6 • L`kod_ jbgd^\ij•`i•?iY^[h_Y^_W Yeb_•t •`i•
d]u•_eanpko•]iejk|_e`ko•mqa•jqj_]•oa•lnaoajp]j•aj•hko•
MjWf^obeYeYYki Wkh[ki' #W$•Ai•A+•Yeb_•t•jom\n•<WYj[h_W•
lqajpao•ejpanlalp~`e_ko)•_kik•hko•]iejk|_e`ko•n]iebe_]*
bm\hi`b\odq\n•ij•n`•ajmh\•kp`io`•dio`mh`_dj)• #X$•Ag•kp`io`•
`ko)•hko•]nki|pe_ko)•hko•]vqbn]`ko)•je•p]ilk_k•deope`ej])•
dio`mh`_dj•_`•k`io\bgd^di\•`i•O+•Wkh[ki•%bm\hkjndodqj&+•#Y$•
]ncejej]•k•lnkhej]•$nwYk]•Cecqn]•0+./&+ Anomp^opm\•bgj]\g•_`g•k`kod_jbgd^\ij•%C•:•J*\^`odgbgp^jn\hdi\8
I•: •|^d_j•J*\^`odghpm|hd^j&+•=_qd}mo\n`•lp`•gjn•`ig\^`n•
bgd^jn~_~^jn•m`ap`mu\i•g\•`nomp^opm\•`i•g\•_dm`^^dÅi•T•hd`iom\n•lp`•
gjn•`ig\^`n•k`ko~_d^jn•gj•c\^`i•`i•g\•_dm`^^dÅi•U+
Bj•naoqiaj)•]qjmqa•ateopaj•r]ne]_ekjao•aj•ah•_kilk*
jajpa•lalp~`e_k•`ah•lalpe`kche_]jk)•ah•aomqahapk•`ah•lal*
pe`kche_]jk•mqa•aop|•bkni]`k•lkn•qje`]`ao•nalapeper]o•u•
]hpanj]jpao•`a•K*]_apehchq_ko]iej]•u •K*]_apehiqn|ie_k•
ao•ah•ieoik•aj•pk`]o•h]o•aola_eao•`a•=Y[l]jaY*
@*Cgp^jn\• ( •I•â•=
k*=g\igi\•ë•K•ë ?•
$]*=g\igi\•è•L•è•@
Fakgrae Y• q • h jg lg h dY k lg k
Bh•lalpe`kche_]jk•lqa`a•oan•`aopnqe`k•lkn•h]•]__eÅj•`a•]h* )# 8 , ) ,
cqjko•]cajpao+•Rjk•`a•ahhko•ao•h]•dakgraeY(•qj]•ajvei]• Aiom\_\• Aiom\_\• Ojgp^dÅi•cdkjoÅid^\•
mqa•nkila•hko•ajh]_ao•l*.)1•che_ko~`e_ko•ajpna•h]•K*]_a*• _`•\bp\• _`•\bp\
%]&
pehchq_ko]iej]•u •ah•|_e`k•K*]_apehiqn|ie_k•`ah•lalpe`k*
che_]jk•%Cecqn]•1+.5&)•u•mqa•lkn•_kjoecqeajpa•`a^ehep]•h]•
l]na`•_ahqh]n+•Bh•]cq]•ajpkj_ao•ajpn]•aj•h]•_}hqh])•mqa•oa•
dej_d]•u•bej]hiajpa•atlhkp]•%heoeo•_ahqh]n&•#@ a_ m jY•/ )-,•Y$)•
I]•heokvei]•oa•aj_qajpn]•aj•]hcqj]o•oa_na_ekjao•]jei]*
hao)•_kik•h]o•h|cnei]o)•h]•o]her]•u•kpnko•bhqe`ko•_knlkn]*
hao)•u•nalnaoajp]•qj]•eilknp]jpa•h~ja]•`a•`abajo]•_kjpn]•
h]•ejba__eÅj•lkn•^]_pane]o•$nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•/5+0&+
Pe• oa•]Ä]`a•heokvei]• ]•qj]•oqolajoeÅj•_ahqh]n•mqa•
_kjpajc]•qj•okhqpk•mqa•jk•lajapn]•aj•h]•_}hqh])•_kik•lkn•
afailhk•h]•o]_]nko])•h]•_kj_ajpn]_eÅj•`a•okhqpk•atpanj]• #X$
]•h]•_}hqh]•lqa`a•amqehe^n]n•h]•lnaoeÅj•koiÅpe_]•ejpanekn•
B db p m\ •1+/.• Lmjojkg\nojn•t •np•ajmh \^dÅi+•FY•dakgraeY•jgeh]•
%_kj`e_ekjao•eokpÅje_]o&+• Bj•aop]o•_kj`e_ekjao)•h]•heok*
dgk•]fdY[]k•J(,'/•_da[gkx\a[gk•\]d•h]hla\g_da[Yfg•#@a_mjY•/),3$)•#W$•
vei]•lqa`a•`ecanen•ah•lalpe`kche_]jk•lank•ah•]cq]•jk•aj* ?f•mfY•kgdm[azf•\adma\Y•dY•jglmjY•\]•dY•hYj]\•daZ]jY•]d•hjglghdYklg•
pn]•aj•h]•_}hqh]•u •jk•k_qnna•lkn•p]jpk•h]•heoeo+•Bj•oq•hqc]n)• im]•]k•afe]\aYlYe]fl]•dakY\g•Yd•k]j•emq•\wZad•dY•e]eZjYfY•
oa•bkni]•ajpkj_ao•qj•lnkpklh]opk•%ao•`a_en)•qj]•^]_pa* [alghdYkevla[Y)•#X$•?f•mfY•kgdm[azf•im]•[gfl]f_Y•mfY•
ne]•mqa•d]•lan`e`k•oq•l]na`•_ahqh]n&•%Cecqn]•1+/.•Z %*•Pe•hko• [gf[]fljY[azf•akglzfa[Y•\]•mf•kgdmlg'•[geg•kY[YjgkY'•]d•Y_mY•fg•
lnkpklh]opko•aop]^ehev]`ko•_kj•o]_]nko]•oa•l]o]j•]•qj h]f]ljY•]f•]d•hjglghdYklg•q•h]jeYf][]•]klYZd]•kaf•dakYjk])
6-• Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
pn]o•mqa•hko•aobanklh]opko•_kjpeajaj•naopko•`a•h]•l]na`•
qje`ko•]•h]•iai^n]j]+ 1+4 • &• H\• h ` h ] m\ i \ • ` s o` mi \ •
_ ` • ] \ ^ o` md\ n • b m\ h i ` b \ odq \ n
=xdmdYk•kaf• h Y j] \ ] k•[]dmdYj]k
Bj•h]o•^]_pane]o•cn]ijac]per]o)•_kik•@k[`]ja[`aY [gda(•ah•
>qjmqa•h]•i]ukn~]•`a•hko•lnk_]nekp]o•jk•lqa`a•ok^nare* lalpe`kche_]jk•oÅhk•nalnaoajp]•_an_]•`ah• ÖÕ " •`ah•pkp]h•`a•
ren•aj•h]•j]pqn]hav]•oej•oqo•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao)•]hcqjko•okj• h]•l]na`•_ahqh]n+• Bj•_]i^ek)•h]•i]ukn•l]npa•`a•h]•l]na`•
_]l]_ao•`a•d]_anhk+• Bjpna•}opko•Çhpeiko•aop|j•hko•ie_k*• _ahqh]n• aop|• nalnaoajp]`]• lkn• h]• XPXM]LYL• Pc_P]YL$•
lh]oi]o)•mqa•_kjopepquaj•qj•cnqlk•`a•^]_pane]o•l]pÅca* Bop]•_]l]•ao)•`a•da_dk)•qj]•oacqj`]•^e_]l]•hel~`e_])•lank•
j]o•mqa•_]qo]j•`erano]o•ajbania`]`ao•ejba__eko]o•aj•ah• ]• `ebanaj_e]• `a• h]• iai^n]j]• _epklh]oi|pe_])• jk• aop|•
dki^na•u •aj•kpnko• ]jei]hao• %nwYk]• Pa__eÅj• .3+0&)•u•ah• _kilqaop]• oÅhk• lkn• bkobkh~le`ko• u • lnkpa~j]o• %Cecqn]
cnqlk•`a•O`]jeghdYkeY(•mqa•okj•aola_eao•`a•<j[`Y]Y•mqa• 1+.2&)•oejk•mqa•p]i^e}j•_kjpeaja•lkheo]_|ne`ko+•Iko•h~le*
_]na_aj•`a•l]na`•_ahqh]n•%nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•.4+2&+•Bj•aoaj_e])• `ko•u•hko•lkheo]_|ne`ko•aop|j•qje`ko•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•at*
aopko•lnk_]nekp]o•okj•lnkpklh]opko•j]pqn]hao•`a•re`]•he^na)• panj]•u •oa•lnaoajp]j•bkni]j`k•qj•_kilhafk)• lkn•_quk•
_]l]_ao•`a•ok^nareren•oej•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•`a^e`k•]•mqa• ikperk•aop]•iai^n]j]•p]i^e}j•oa•`ajkiej]•_]l]•`a•he*•
peajaj•iai^n]j]o•_epklh|oie_]o•iqu•cnqao]o•lk_k•_k* [Z[ZWT^LNi]TOZ"•k•oeilhaiajpa•>BE$
iqjao•k•]•mqa•reraj•aj•]i^eajpao•koiÅpe_]iajpa•lnkpa*
ce`ko)•_kik•ah•ejpanekn•`ah•_qanlk•dqi]jk+•I]•i]ukn~]• = g e hgka[a{f• im ye a[Y• \ ]d• FJM
`a•hko•ie_klh]oi]o•peajaj•aopanÅhao•aj•oqo•iai^n]j]o•
_epklh]oi|pe_]o•mqa•lnk^]^haiajpa•bqj_ekj]j•_kik•aha* Pa•_kjk_a•h]•_kilkoe_eÅj•`ah•IMP•`a•r]ne]o•^]_pane]o+•
iajpko•`a•bqanv]•u•nece`av)•`a•ik`k•oeieh]n•]•h]•bqj_eÅj• @kik•oa•iqaopn]•aj•h]• B db p m\ • 1 +/ / )• h]•lkn_eÅj•lkheo]_]*•
n~`e_]•`ah•IMP•_kjop]•`a•`ko•lkn_ekjao7•ah•f{[d]g \]d hgda)
mqa•`ao]nnkhh]j•aj•h]o•iai^n]j]o•`a•h]o•_}hqh]o•aq_]neÅ*
pe_]o•%Pa__eÅj•1+0&+ kY[vja\g•u•ah•hgdakY[vja\g J*•Bj•aola_eao•`a•NYdegf]ddY(•
`kj`a•oa•d]•aopq`e]`k•_kj•_eanpk•`ap]hha)•ah•jÇ_hak•`ah•lk*
heo]_|ne`k• aop|• _kilqaopk• lkn• _apk`aoktek_pkj]pk•
/ ) 1 • G af aj j ] n ak a{ f %HAL&)•]vÇ_]nao•`a•oeapa•|pkiko•`a•_]n^kjk•%dalpko]o&)•
chq_ko])•c]h]_pko]•u •K*]_apehchq_ko]iej]+•Bh•lkheo]_|ne`k
H\n•k\m`_`n•^`gpg\m`n•_ ` •g\n•]\^o`md\n•km`n`io\i• pi• L•aop|•qje`k•]h•jÇ_hak•u•_kjop]•cajan]hiajpa•`a•c]h]_*
kjgdn\^|md_j•gg\h \_j•k ` k od_ jb gd^\ij•lp`•`no|• pko])•chq_ko])•n]ijko]•u•i]Äko]•%datko]o&)•]o~•_kik•qjk
^ji nodop d_ j•k j m•pid_\_`n•\go`mi\io`n•t •m`k`ododq\n•_ ` •J*• k•i|o•`e`aokte]vÇ_]nao•lk_k•bna_qajpao•_kik•]^a_qko])•
\^`odgbgp^jn\h di\•t •|^d_j•J *\^`odgh pm|h d^j•t •lp`•ajmh \• _khepko])•l]n]pko]•k•perahko]+•Bopko•]vÇ_]nao•oa•qjaj•aj*
^\_`i\n•lp`•n`•`iom`^mpu\i•k j m•h `_ dj•_`•k`lp`Äjn• pna•o~•bkni]j`k•oa_qaj_e]o•`a•_q]pnk•k•_ej_k•qje`]`ao•
k} kod_ jn+• @ `k`i_d`i_j•_ ` g•jmb\idnh j)•n`•kp`_`i• mqa•]•iajq`k•aop|j•n]iebe_]`]o+•I]•nalape_eÅj•`a•aop]•oa*
km`n`io\m•pi\•j •q\md\n•^\k\n•_ ` •k ` kod_ jb gd^\ij +• H\• _qaj_e]•`a•]vÇ_]nao•`]•hqc]n•]•h]•bkni]_eÅj•`a•qj•h]nck•
gdnjudh\•`n•pi\•`iudh\•l p `•_ `nompt`•`g• k`kod_ jb gd^\ij• lkheo]_|ne`k•L+
jmdbdi \i _j•g\•gdndn•^`gpg\m I]• B db p m\ • 1 +/ 0 • iqaopn]•h]•nah]_eÅj•`ah•lkheo]_|ne`k•L•
_kj•ah•naopk•`ah•IMP+•I]•lkn_eÅj•hel~`e_]•`ah•IMP)•_kjk_e`]•
E • çLjm•lp}•i`^`ndo\i•g\n•^}gpg\n•]\^o`md\i\n•k\m`_•
_kik•dxha\g <•%Cecqn]•1+4]&)•jk•ao•qj•h~le`k•`aner]`k•`ah•
^`gpg\m<•çPj_\n• g\n•]\^o`md\n•od`i `i•k\m`_•^`gpg\m<
che_ankh•oejk•mqa•hko•|_e`ko•cn]oko•oa•qjaj•lkn•qj•ajh]_a•
E • çLjm•lp}•`n•`g• k ` k od_ jb gd^ \ij•pi\•hjg}^pg\•m`ndno`io`< }opan•_kj•hko•cnqlko•]iejk•`a•qj•`eo]_|ne`k•_kilqaopk•
lkn•K*]_apehchq_ko]iej]*bkob]pk•%Cecqn]•1+//&+•Bh•`eo]_|*
E • ç?p|g• `n•g\•\^^dÅi•_`•g\•`iudh\•gdnjudh\<
ne`k•oa•qja•]h•jÇ_hak•`ah•lkheo]_|ne`k•]•pn]r}o•`a•HAL•%Ce*
JgdakY[vja\g•I• H{[d]g•\]d•hgdakY[vja\g
B db p m\ • 1 +/ 0 • H\•k\m`_•^`gpg\m•bm\hi`b\odq\+•;mfim]•dY•e]eZjYfY•
]pl]jfY•k]•[gfka\]jY•Y•e]fm\g•[geg•dY•ák]_mf\Y•Za[YhY•dahx\a[Yà'•km•
[gehgka[azf•q•Yjimal][lmjY•\a^a]j]•]f•em[`gk•Ykh][lgk•\]•dY•e]eZjYfY•
[alghdYkevla[Y)•#W$•>akhgka[azf•\]d•dahghgdakY[vja\g'•dxha\g•;'•^gk^gdxha\gk'•
hgjafYk•q•dahghjgl]xfY•]f•dY•e]eZjYfY•]pl]jfY)•=gfkmdl]•dY•@a_mjY•/)--•hYjY•
\]lYdd]k•]kljm[lmjYd]k•\]d•FJM)•#X$•G g\]dg•egd][mdYj•\]•dYk•hjgl]xfYk•\]•dYk•
hgjafYk)•IZk]jn]•dgk•[mYljg•hgjgk•hj]k]fl]k'•mfg•]f•[Y\Y•mfY•\]•dYk•
hjgl]xfYk•afl]_jYfl]k•\]•dY•hgjafY•q•mfg•[]fljYd•evk•h]im]yg•]flj]•dYk•
hjgl]xfYk•\]•dY•eakeY)•G g\]dg•ZYkY\g•]f•]klm\agk•\]•\a^jY[[azf•hgj•jYqgk•R•
\]•mfY•hgjafY•\]•L^eZeXWYj[h XbWij_Yki)
JgjafYk h]•`acn]`]_eÅj•eje_e]h•`a•]hcqjko•jqpneajpao)•lnkpa~j]o•`a•
> •`ebanaj_e]• `a•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_])• h]•iai* qjeÅj•eilhe_]`]o•aj•ah•lnk_aok•`a•pn]jolknpa•`a•oqopn]pko•
^n]j]•atpanj]•`a•h]o•^]_pane]o•cn]ijac]per]o•ao•nah]per]* %Pa__eÅj•1+2&•u•mqeieknna_alpknao)•mqa•okj•lnkpa~j]o•na*
iajpa•lania]^ha• ]•lamqaÄ]o• ikh}_qh]o•laoa•]• mqa• ao• h]_ekj]`]o• _kj•h]o• naolqaop]o• mqeiekp|_pe_]o• %Pa__eÅj•
^|oe_]iajpa•qj]•^e_]l]•hel~`e_]+• Bopk•oa•`a^a•]•h]•lna* 1+.2•u•Pa__eÅj•6+4&+•I]•i]ukn~]•`a•aop]o•lnkpa~j]o•]h_]j*
oaj_e]•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•atpanj]•`a•qj]o•lnkpa~j]o•hh]i]* v]j•ah•lanelh]oi]•lkn•ah•oeopai]•Paa•`a•atlknp]_eÅj•`a•
`]o•lknej]o)•mqa•]_pÇ]j•_kik•_]j]hao•l]n]•h]•ajpn]`]•u• lnkpa~j]o•oepq]`k•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•%Pa_*
o]he`]•`a•oqop]j_e]o•de`nkb~he_]o•`a•^]fk•laok•ikha_qh]n• _eÅj•1+2&+
%Cecqn]•1+/0&+•Bteopaj•r]neko•pelko•`a•aop]o•lknej]o•u•oa•
_kjk_aj•p]jpk•lknej]o•aola_~be_]o•_kik•ejaola_~be_]o+ L]dY[a{f ] f lj] dY ] kljm[lmjY•
I]o•lknej]o•ejaola_~be_]o•bkni]j•_]j]hao•nahhajko•`a• \ ] dY h Y j] \ []dmdYj•
]cq]•]•_quk•pn]r}o•lqa`a•l]o]n•_q]hmqean•pelk•`a•oqo* q dY laf [a{f \ ] A jYe
p]j_e]•lamqaÄ]+•Mkn•ah•_kjpn]nek)•h]o•lknej]o•aola_~be_]o• I]o•`ebanaj_e]o•aopnq_pqn]hao•ajpna•h]o•l]na`ao•_ahqh]*
_kjpeajaj•qj]•vkj]•`a•qjeÅj•l]n]•oÅhk•qj]•oqop]j_e]•k• nao•`a•=Y[l]jaY•cn]ilkoeper]o•u•cn]ijac]per]o•okj•h]o•
qj•cnqlk•`a•ahh]o•aopnq_pqn]hiajpa•nah]_ekj]`]o+• I]o• naolkjo]^hao• `ah•`ebanajpa•_kilknp]ieajpk•`a•h]o•_}*
lknej]o•okj•lnkpa~j]o•pn]joiai^n]j]hao• mqa•_kjop]j• hqh]o•aj•h]•pej_eÅj•`a•Dn]i+•Bj•`e_d]•pej_eÅj)•oa•bkni]•
`a•pnao• oq^qje`]`ao•e`}jpe_]o•%Cecqn]•1+/0]&+• >`ai|o• `ajpnk•`a•h]o•_}hqh]o•qj•_kilhafk•ejokhq^ha•_neop]h•rek*
`ah•_]j]h•lnaoajpa•aj•_]`]•lnkpa~j]•mqa•bkni]•h]•lk*• hap]*uk`k• mqa•aj• ah•_]ok• `a• h]o•cn]ijac]per]o•lqa`a•
nej])• h]o• lnkpa~j]o• _kjopepquajpao• oa• ]ok_e]j• `a• p]h• atpn]anoa• _kj• ]h_kdkh)• lank• jk• aj• h]o• cn]ilkoeper]o•
ik`k•mqa•bkni]j•qj•lamqaÄk•]cqfank•_ajpn]h•`a•_an_]• $nwYk]• Pa__eÅj•/+/&+• @kik• daiko•reopk)• h]o•^]_pane]o•
`a• Ö •ji•% Ö Õ ÒŘ•i &•`a•`e|iapnk•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•atpanj]• cn]ilkoeper]o• peajaj• l]na`ao• _ahqh]nao• iqu•cnqao]o•
lkn•ah•mqa•h]o•oqop]j_e]o•iqu•lamqaÄ]o•lqa`aj•re]f]n• _kilqaop]o•lkn•r]ne]o•_]l]o•`a•lalpe`kche_]jk•%Cecq*
%Cecqn]•1+/0b_&+ n]• 1+/-&+• yop]o• oa• `aode`n]p]j• lkn• ah• ]h_kdkh)• lnkrk*
_]j`k•ah•_eanna•`a•hko•lknko•`a•h]o•l]na`ao•a•eile`eaj`k•
?d h]jahdYke Y
h]•o]he`]•`ah•_kilhafk•_neop]h•rekhap]*uk`k+• Mkn•ah•_kj*
>qjmqa•h]•iai^n]j]•atpanj]•ao•lania]^ha•]•lamqaÄ]o• pn]nek)• aj•h]o•cn]ijac]per]o•ah•]h_kdkh•lajapn]•n|le`]*
ikh}_qh]o)•jk•hk•ao•l]n]•ajvei]o•k•ikh}_qh]o•`a•i]ukn• iajpa•aj•h]•_]l]•atpanj]•mqa•ao•ne_]•aj•h~le`ko•u•h]•bej]•
p]i]Äk+•Aa•da_dk)•qj]•`a•h]o•bqj_ekjao•`a•h]•iai^n]j]• _]l]•`a•lalpe`kche_]jk•jk•eile`a•ah•l]ok• `ah•okhrajpa•
atpanj]•ao•lna_eo]iajpa•napajan•lnkpa~j]o•mqa•aop|j•oe* u•h]•atpn]__eÅj•`ah•_kilhafk+• Aaolq}o• `ah•pn]p]ieajpk•
pq]`]o•bqan]•`a•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•arep]j`k•oq• _kj•]h_kdkh)•h]o•^]_pane]o•cn]ijac]per]o•okj•_]oe•ejreoe*
`ebqoeÅj•]h•ia`ek+•Bop]o•lnkpa~j]o•oa•hk_]hev]j•aj•qj]•na* ^hao•]•iajko•mqa•na_e^]j•qj]•pej_eÅj•`a•_kjpn]opa•_kj•
ceÅj•`ajkiej]`]•lanelh]oi ]•$nwYfk]•Cecqn]•1+/0•u•Ce* qj•oacqj`k•_khkn]jpa•aj•h]•pej_eÅj•`a•Dn]i•$nwYk]•Ce*
cqn]• 1+/1&+• Bopa• aol]_ek)• oepq]`k• ajpna• h]• iai^n]j]• cqn]•/+1&+
_epklh]oi|pe_]•u •h]•_]n]•ejpanj]•`a•h]•iai^n]j]•atpanj])•
peaja•qjko•.2•ji•`a•]j_dqn]•u •qj•_kjpaje`k•cah]pejkok)•
lnk^]^haiajpa•`a^e`k•]•h]•]^qj`]j_e]•`a•lnkpa~j]o•la*• / )2 G a f aj j ] n ak a{ f
nelh|oie_]o+
Bh•lanelh]oi]•lqa`a•_kjpajan•`erano]o•_h]oao•`a•lnk* FYk•ZY[l]jaYk•_jYe f]_YlanYk'•Y\]e vk•\]d•
pa~j]o)•ajpna•ahh]o•ajvei]o•de`nkh~pe_]o•mqa•hhar]j•]•_]^k h ]h la\g_da[Yf g'•la]f]f•mfY•e ]e ZjYfY•]pl]jfY•
[ge hm]klY•h g j•FJM'•hjgl]xfY•q •dahghjgl]xfY)•FYk•
hjgl]xfYk•ddYe Y\Yk•hgjafYk•^Y[adalYf• dY•h]je ]YZ ada\Y\•Y•
ljYnwk•\ ] •dY•e ]e ZjYfY•]pl]jfY)• ?d•]khY[ag•]flj]•dY•
e ]e ZjYfY•[alghdYke vla[Y•q•dY•e ]e ZjYfY•]pl]jfY•]k•]d•
h]jahdYke Y'•im ] •[gf la]f ]•nYjaYk•hjgl]xfYk•ae hgjlYfl]k•
hYjY•\an]jkYk•^m f[agf]k•[]dmdYj]k)
C• Ö=mvd•]k•dY•^mf[azf•\]•dYk•hgjafYk•q•km• dg[YdarY[azf•]f•
mfY•hYj]\•_jYe f]_YlanY:
_}hqh]o•lnk_]neÅpe_]o•]jpao•`a•h]•oal]n]_eÅj•arkhqper]•`a•
1 +5 • L \ m`_ `n• ^`gp g\ m` n• _ ` • \mlp`\ n hko•`kiejeko•<j[`Y]Y•u•=Y[l]jaY*
Bh•lalpe`kche_]jk•ao•qj]•aola_ea•`a•beni]•ikha_qh]n•aj•
I ljg k hgdakY[wja\gk \ ] dYk h Yj]\ ]k []dmdYj]k
h]o•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•`a•h]o•^]_pane]o•mqa•aop|•]qoajpa•aj•
h]o•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•`a•]nmqa]o+•Bop]o•Çhpei]o•p]i^e}j• I]o•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•`a•kpn]o•]nmqa]o•_]na_aj•`a•loaq*
_]na_aj•`a•qj]•iai^n]j]•atpanj]•p~le_]+•Bj•_]i^ek)•h]o• `kiqna~j]•u•_kjpeajaj•kpnko•lkheo]_|ne`ko+•Mkn•afailhk)•
l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•`a•]nmqa]o•lnaoajp]j•qj]•]ilhe]•r]* h]o•aola_eao•`a•H]l`YfgkYj[afY•lkoaaj•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•
nea`]`•`a•_kilkoe_eÅj•mq~ie_]•mqa•ej_hqua•h]•lnaoaj_e]• cnqao]o•_kilqaop]o•lkn•chq_ko])•|_e`k•chq_qnÅje_k)•c]*•
`a•lkheo]_|ne`ko)•lnkpa~j]o•u•che_klnkpa~j]o+ h]_pko]iej]•u•]_ap]pk+• I]o•]nmqa]o• d]hÅbeh]o•atpnai]o)•
_kik•CYdg[g[[mk(•peajaj•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•oaiaf]jpao•]•
Jk]m\ge mj]yfY h]o• `a•H]l`YfgkYj[afY• lank• _kjpeajaj• ]`ai|o• oqhb]pk•
%P-1/*•& •%B db p m\ •1 +/ 3 &+•I]•_]nc]•jac]per]•`a•hko•cnqlko•oqh*
I]o•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•`a•]hcqj]o•]nmqa]o•iap]jkc}je_]o•
b]pk•aop]^ha_a•ajh]_ao•_kj•ah•K](•lnaoajpa•aj•]hp]o•_kj*
%aola_eao•mqa•lnk`q_aj•ah•iap]jk)•c]o•j]pqn]h&•_kjpeajaj•
qj• lkheo]_|ne`k• iqu• oeieh]n•]h• lalpe`kche_]jk• mqa• oa• _ajpn]_ekjao• aj• hko• d|^ep]po• `a• CYdg[g[[mk(• mqa• okj•
aop]jmqao•`a•ar]lkn]_eÅj•`a•o]h•u•i]nao•u•h]cko•o]hejko•
hh]i]•hk]m\gemj]xfY• %ah•p}niejk• çiqna~j]é)• mqa•ao•h]•
% nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•.4+0&+•Bopk•b]rkna_a•h]•aop]^ehev]_eÅj•`a•h]•
`aoecj]_eÅj•]jpecq]•`ah•lalpe`kche_]jk)•peaja•n]~_ao•h]pe*
l]na`• _ahqh]n•aj• ]i^eajpao• p]j•lkh]nao+• Sanaiko• i|o•
j]o•u • oecjebe_]• çl]na`é8• B db p m\ • 1 +/ 2 &+• Bh• aomqahapk• `a•
loaq`kiqna~j]•hk• bkni]j•qje`]`ao•]hpanj]per]o• `a•K*• ]`ah]jpa•mqa•H]l`YfgkYj[afY•u•hko•d]hÅbehko•atpnaiko•ao*
p|j•behkcaj}pe_]iajpa•nah]_ekj]`ko)•`a•ik`k•mqa•h]o•oe*
]_apehchq_ko]iej]•u •|_e`k•K*]_apehp]hko]iejqnÅje_k)•mqa•
iehepq`ao•aj•h]•aopnq_pqn]•`a•oqo• l]na`ao• _ahqh]nao• jk•
naailh]v]• ]h• |_e`k• K*]_apehiqn|ie_k• aj• ah•ran`]`ank•
naoqhp]j•oknlnaj`ajpao+
lalpe`kche_]jk•%_kil]n]n•Cecqn]o•1+.5•u•1+/2&+•Lpn]•`e*
banaj_e]•naola_pk•]h•lalpe`kche_]jk•ao•mqa•hko•ajh]_ao•che*
_ko~`e_ko•ajpna•h]o•qje`]`ao•okj•`a•pelk•l*.)0•aj•rav•`a• =YhYk M
%0*.)1•u •mqa•pk`ko•hko•]iejk|_e`ko•oa•lnaoajp]j•aj•bkni]• Bh•pelk•i|o•_kiÇj•`a•l]na`•ajpna•h]o•<j[`Y]Y•ao•h]•_]l]•
`a•aopanakoeÅianko•H + oqlanbe_e]h•l]n]_neop]hej]•k• ^ \ k \ • P)•mqa•aop|•_kilqaop]•
>qjmqa• okj• mq~ie_]iajpa• `eopejp]o)• ah• lalpe`kche* lkn•lnkpa~j]•k•che_klnkpa~j]•u•mqa•iqaopn]•qj•]ola_pk•kn*
_]jk•u•h]•loaq`kiqna~j]•okj•ikh}_qh]o•jkp]^haiajpa•oe* `aj]`k•_q]j`k•oa•k^oanr]•lkn•ie_nko_kl~]•aha_pnÅje_]•
ieh]nao+• Bo•lnk^]^ha•mqa•d]u]j•oqnce`k•lkn•arkhq_eÅj• %B db p m\ •1 +/ 4 &+• I]•aopnq_pqn]•l]n]_neop]hej]•`a•h]o•_]l]o•P•
_kjrancajpa•`aolq}o•`a•mqa•hko•`ko•`kiejeko•`a•hko•oanao• oa•`eolkja•oecqeaj`k•r]ne]o•oeiapn~]o7• dat]ckj]h)•papn]*
rerko•oa•oal]n]n]j•k•mqa•ateop]j•lkn•`erancaj_e]•]•l]npen• ckj]h•k•pnei}ne_])•`alaj`eaj`k•`ah•jÇiank•u •pelk•`a•oq*
`a•qj•lkheo]_|ne`k•_kiÇj•lnaoajpa•aj•h]o•l]na`ao•`a•h]o ^qje`]`ao•lnkpae_]o•k•che_klnkpae_]o•mqa•h]o•_kilkjaj+•
I]o•_]l]o•P•oa•d]j•aj_kjpn]`k•aj•ln|_pe_]iajpa•pk`ko
1 [ • ok+.*
Ħ •S
Ħ E V ĂL
X Ħ E ĂĊ ĦĹ S
Ń ĦE ĂĊ Ħ E ĂĊ Ħ
QM1•Ĩ •Ĵ•S •
XÅJ• EĂÈ
À A • E ĂĊ Ħ•EĂĊL
XĦ•E V ĂĦ •ĻEĂĊL
XĦ•E V ĂĦ •ĹS
ĽŌĦ •EĊĂLS
ĮEĂĊL
XŁǺ•
•!
EĂĊĦĹEĂĊĽǺ• Q Õ ŐŌĦ• Q Õ ŐŌĦ•
KVǺÑ
M + /% ( ( O ; *-
EVĂL
X• Q Õ ŐŌĦ • Q Õ ŐŌĦ
F• 4• Q
Į• S
• Ñ Ħ ĹK VǺĦS
Ľ/ĦE VĂL
XĦĹS
ĽŌ ĦE ĂĊ
%• O K ! +
B db p m\ •1 +/ 3 • Ljgdn\^|md_jn•_ ` •g\n•k\m`_`n•^`gpg\m`n•_`•
;hY^W[W)•M]•em]kljY•dY•]kljm[lmjY•\]•dY•hYj]\•[]dmdYj•\]d•`Ydz^adg•
f f ]plj]eg•BWbeYeYYki)•FY•hYj]\•[]dmdYj•]klv•[gehm]klY•hgj•mfY•
B db p m\ •1 +/ 2 • Ln`p_jhpm`~i\+• ?kljm[lmjY•\]•dY•hk]m\gemj]xfY'• ]kljm[lmjY•j]h]lalanY•im]•[gfklY•\]•lj]k•hYjl]k)•O;'•v[a\g•mjvfa[g6•
]d•hgdxe]jg•\]•dY•hYj]\•[]dmdYj•\]•]kh][a]k•\]•G[jWdeXWYj[h_kc)• Adm'•_dm[gkY6•AYd'•_YdY[lgkY6•A dmH ;['•H(Y[]lad_dm[gkYeafY6•
;\na]jlY•dYk•k]e]bYfrYk•q•\a^]j]f[aYk•[gf•]d•h]hla\g_da[Yfg• AYdH ; ['•H(Y[]lad_YdY[lgkYeafY6•Adq'•_da[afY6•AmCHO;'•v[a\g•
#@a_mjY•/),3$) H(Y[]lad_mdgkYeafmjzfa[g6•GYf'•eYygkY)
61• Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
cko•_]n^kj]p]`ko+•Bopa•knc]jeoik•_kjpeaja•qj]•l]na`•_a*
hqh]n•che_klnkpae_]•mqa•jk•ao•qj]•_]l]•P•p~le_]•lknmqa•
_kjpeaja•_kik•aomqahapk•oÅhk•qj•pelk•`a•]iejk|_e`k)•ah•
I*chqp]i]pk)•]h•mqa•oa•qjaj•chq_ko]•u•kpnko•]vÇ_]nao•`a*
ner]`ko+• Oaoqhp]• ejpanao]jpa•mqa•aj• ^]_pane]o• p]i^e}j•
ateopaj•_]l]o•oqlanbe_e]hao•`a•lnkpa~j]•bkni]`]•lkn•lkhe*•
chqp]i]pk)• _kik• aj• ah• _]ok•`ah•]cajpa• _]qo]h•`ah• _]n*
^qj_k• =Y[addmk Yfl`jY[ak*• Mank• qj]• che_klnkpa~j]• _kj•
|_e`k•chqp|ie_k•_kik•Çje_k•]iejk|_e`k•oÅhk•oa•d]•aj*
_kjpn]`k•aj•IYljg[g[[mk*
Mkn•p]jpk)•aj•aola_eao•`a•]nmqa]o•lk`aiko•aj_kjpn]n•
l]na`ao• _ahqh]nao• `a• `erano]• _kilkoe_eÅj)• mqa• r]n~]•
`ao`a•]mqahh]o•_kj•ikh}_qh]o•mqa•lnaoajp]j•qj]•aopna_d]•
oaiaf]jv]•_kj•ah•lalpe`kche_]jk•]•kpn]o•mqa•_]na_aj•`a•
_kilkjajpa•lkheo]_]n~`e_k+•Mank•_kj•n]n]o•at_al_ekjao)•
pk`]o•h]o•]nmqa]o•_kjpeajaj•l]na`•_ahqh]n•`a•]hcÇj•pelk•
mqa)•_kik•aj•^]_pane]o)•arep]•h]•heoeo•koiÅpe_]•u•`abeja•h]•
bkni]•_ahqh]n+•>`ai|o)•_kik•_]na_aj•`a•lalpe`kche_]jk•
aj•h]o•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao)•h]o•]nmqa]o•lnaoajp]j•qj]•naoeo*
paj_e]•j]pqn]h•]•h]•]__eÅj•`a•h]•heokvei]•%Pa__eÅj•1+3&•u•
C
`ah•]jpe^eÅpe_k•laje_ehej])•]cajpao•mqa•`aopnquaj•ah•lalpe*
`kche_]jk•k •arep]j•oq•o~jpaoeo•_knna_p])•naola_per]iajpa•
$ nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•3+/&+
B db p m\ •1 +/ 4 • ?\k\•O+•Ga[jg_jY^xY•hgj•ea[jgk[ghxY•]d][ljzfa[Y•
\]•ljYfkeakazf•egkljYf\g•dY•]kljm[lmjY•hYjY[jaklYdafY•\]•dY•[YhY•M•
\]•;gkWif_h_bbkc•k]jh]fk'•mfY•]kh][a]•\]•<WYj[h_W6•]klY•[YhY•M• / )3 G a f aj j ] n ak a{ f
em]kljY•mfY•kae]ljxY•`]pY_gfYd•im]•lYeZawf•]k•^j][m]fl]•]f•dYk• $• Y
[YhYk•M•\]•;hY^W[W) FYk•hYj]\]k•[]dmdYj]k•\ ] •Yjim]Yk•kgf•\ ] •nYjagk•lah g k•q•
hm ]\]f •[gfl]f]j•hk]m\ge mj]xfY'•nYjagk•lahg k•\]•
hgdakY[vja\gk'•[YhYk•M•q•hjgl]xfYk•g•_da[ghjgl]xfYk)
hko•cnqlko•`a•]nmqa]o)•_kik•hko•d]hÅbehko•atpnaiko)•hko•
iap]jÅcajko•u•hko•delanpaniÅbehko+•>hcqj]o•aola_eao•`ah• C • Ö?f•im w•k]•hYj][]f•dY•hk]m\ge mj]xfY•q•]d•
`kiejek•=Y[l]jaY•p]i^e}j•lnaoajp]j•_]l]o•P•aj•oqo•oq* h ]h la\g_da[Y f g:•Ö?f•im w •k]•\a^]j]f[aYf:
lanbe_eao•i|o•atpanj]o•%Cecqn]•1+/4&+ C • Ö=mvd•]k•dY•[ge hgka[azf•\ ] •mfY•[YhY•M:
I]o•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao•`a•]hcqj]o•<j[`Y]Y(•_kik•aj•ah•
_]ok•`ah•iap]jÅcajk•H]lYfg[g[[mk bYffYk[`aa(•aop|j•Çje* C• Ö Jgj•im w•kgf•dYk•Yjim]Yk•afk]fkaZ d]k•Y•dY•h]fa[adafY:
_]iajpa•_kilqaop]o•`a•qj]•okh]•_]l]•P+•Mkn•p]jpk)•h]o•_]* XXX XXX
l]o•P)•lkn•o~•ieoi]o)•okj•hk•oqbe_eajpaiajpa•naoeopajpao•
_kik•l]n]•arep]n•h]•heoeo•koiÅpe_]+•Pej•ai^]nck)•aj•iq*
_dko• knc]jeoiko• oa• lnaoajp]j• _]l]o• P)• jkni]hiajpa• CP I NL;M ?MNLO=NOL;M•
_kilqaop]o•lkn•lkheo]_|ne`ko)•]`ai|o•`a•hko•_kilkjaj* M O J ? L @ C= C; F ? M •
pao•`a•h]•l]na`•_ahqh]n+•Mkn•afailhk)•aj•h]•aola_ea•=Y[addmk•
? CH = F O M CI H ? M •
Zj]nak(•`ah•`kiejek•=Y[l]jaY(•]l]na_a•qj]•_]l]•P•fqjpk•_kj•
ah•lalpe`kche_]jk+• Peailna•mqa•oa•lnaoajp]•qj]•_]l]•P• =?FOF;L?M
]`ai|o•`a•l]na`•_ahqh]n)•]mqahh]•ao•h]•aopnq_pqn]•i|o•at*
>`ai|o•`a•h]o•l]na`ao•_ahqh]nao)•h]o•_}hqh]o•lnk_]neÅpe_]o•
panj]+•>`ai|o•`a•]_pq]n•_kik•qj•nabqanvk•aopnq_pqn]h)•h]o•
lqa`aj•pajan•kpn]o•_]l]o•k•aopnq_pqn]o•i|o•atpanj]o•aj•
_]l]o•P•lqa`aj•pajan•kpn]o•bqj_ekjao+•@kik•ejpanb]oao•aj*
_kjp]_pk•_kj•ah•ia`ek+•>`ai|o)•_kjpeajaj•]•iajq`k•qjk
pna•h]•_}hqh]•u•ah•ia`ek)•ao•lnk^]^ha•mqa•]_pÇaj•_kik•beh*
k•i|o•pelko•`a•ej_hqoekjao•_ahqh]nao+•Bj•aop]•Pa__eÅj•at]*
pnko•oaha_perko•mqa•laniepaj•ah•l]ok•`a•oqop]j_e]o•`a•^]fk•
iej]naiko•]hcqj]o•`a•aop]o•aopnq_pqn]o+
laok•ikha_qh]n•u •mqa•at_hquaj•cn]j`ao•ikh}_qh]o•u•ao*
pnq_pqn]o•%_kik•renqo&+•I]o•_]l]o•P•p]i^e}j•lqa`aj•pajan•
h]•bqj_eÅj•`a•napajan•]•lnkpa~j]o•_an_]•`a•h]•oqlanbe_ea•_a* 1 +6 • ? \k\n• n p k ` mad^ d\ g` n )• k ` gj n
hqh]n)•`a•ik`k•oaiaf]jpa•]•_kik•d]_a•h]•iai^n]j]•at*
ë• t •adh ] md\ n
panj]•aj•h]o•^]_pane]o•cn]ijac]per]o•%Pa__eÅj•1+4&+
Jq_d]o•_}hqh]o•lnk_]neÅpe_]o•oa_nap]j•i]pane]hao•reo_k*
I ljY k h Yj] \ ]k []dmdYj]k \ ] ; ji m ]Yk oko•aj•oq•oqlanbe_ea•mqa•okj•lkheo]_|ne`ko•k•lnkpa~j]o+•Bo*
IYljg[g[[mk• ao•qj]•aola_ea•d]hk]h_]hkb~he_]•`a•]nmqa]o• pko•i]pane]hao•jk•oa•_kjoe`an]j•l]npa•`a•h]•l]na`•_ahqh]n•
mqa•rera•aj•]i^eajpao•iqu•]h_]hejko•u•o]h]`ko)•_kik•h]* lknmqa•jk•]lknp]j•jejcqj]•naoeopaj_e]•aopnq_pqn]h•oecje*
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• 62
b~_]per]•l]n]•h]•_}hqh]+•M]n]•`ao_ne^en•aop]o•bkni]_ekjao• i|o•]`ah]jpa)•hko•ie_nkknc]jeoiko•l]pÅcajko•mqa•laja*
oa•qpehev]j•hko•p}niejko•ç_|loqh]é•u •ç_]l]•iq_ko]é+ pn]j•aj•ah•_qanlk•`a•hko•]jei]hao•lkn•nqp]o•aola_~be_]o•oa•
qjaj•lneiank•`a•ik`k•oaha_perk•]•_kilkjajpao•oqlanbe*
= whkmdYk•q • [YhYk• em[gkYk _e]hao•`a•hko•pafe`ko•`ah•dkola`]`kn•%nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•/5+3&+•
I]o•_|loqh]o•u •h]o•_]l]o•iq_ko]o•lqa`aj•oan•cnqao]o•k•be* > •iajq`k)•aop]•ejpan]__eÅj•aop|•ia`e]`]•lkn•hko•lkheo]*
j]o)•n~ce`]o•k•bhate^hao)•`alaj`eaj`k•`a•oq•_kilkoe_eÅj•u• _|ne`ko•oqlanbe_e]hao•`a•h]•_}hqh]•^]_pane]j]+•Jq_d]o•^]_*
oq•cn]`k•`a•de`n]p]_eÅj+•Pe•ah•i]pane]h•oa•knc]jev]•_kik• pane]o•jk•l]pÅcaj]o•p]i^e}j•oa•qjaj•aj•h]•j]pqn]hav]•]•
qj]•i]pnev•cnqao]•mqa•jk•`af]•lajapn]n•lamqaÄ]o•l]np~* oqlanbe_eao•oÅhe`]o•bkni]j`k•]•ra_ao•qj]•cnqao]•_]l]•`a•
_qh]o)•_kik•h]•pejp]•_dej])•oa•`ajkiej]•Ni[^`WL•%Cecqn]• _}hqh]o•mqa•oa•hh]i]•Zag^ade*•Iko•lkheo]_|ne`ko•atpn]_ahq*•
1+/5&+•Pe•ah•i]pane]h•ao•b|_ehiajpa•`abkni]^ha•jk•at_hqen|• h]nao•`aoailaÄ]j•qj•l]lah•aoaj_e]h•aj•ah•aop]^ha_eieajpk•
]•h]o•lamqaÄ]o•l]np~_qh]o•u •naoqhp]n|•i|o•`eb~_ehiajpa•k^* `a•^ekbehio•$nwYk]• Fjbkni]_eÅj•]`e_ekj]h•aj•ah•@]l~pq*
oanr]^ha8•ajpkj_ao•oa•`ajkiej]•[YhY•em[gkY*•>`ai|o)• hk• Ǿ )• ç@na_eieajpk• ie_nk^e]jk• aj• ah• iqj`k• na]h7• ^ek*
h]o•_|loqh]o•oqahaj•aop]n•qje`]o•beniaiajpa•]•h]•l]na`•_a* behioé8•Pa__ekjao•/0+1•u •/0+2&+
hqh]n)•ieajpn]o•mqa•h]o•_]l]o•iq_ko]o•aop|j•iajko•bef]* I]o•_]l]o•atpanj]o•`a•lkheo]_|ne`ko•peajaj•p]i^e}j•
`]o•u•lqa`aj•`aolnaj`anoa•`a•h]•oqlanbe_ea•_ahqh]n+ kpn]o•bqj_ekjao+•Mkn•afailhk)•h]o•^]_pane]o•l]pÅcaj]o•_kj•
Bj•h]o•^]_pane]o)•h]o•_]l]o•lkheo]_]n~`e_]o•lqa`aj•pa* _|loqh]•okj•i|o•`eb~_ehiajpa•b]ck_ep]`]o•lkn•h]o•_}hqh]o•
jan•r]ne]o•bqj_ekjao•nah]_ekj]`]o•_kj•h]•bef]_eÅj•`a•hko• `ah•oeopai]•ejiqja•mqa•h]o•na_kjk_aj•u•`aopnquaj•$nwYk]•
ie_nkknc]jeoiko• ]•oqlanbe_eao• oÅhe`]o+• @kik•ranaiko Pa__eÅj•/6+/&+•Mkn•kpn]•l]npa)•_kik•h]o•_]l]o•lkheo]_]n~*
`e_]o• atpanj]o• napeajaj• qj]• oecjebe_]per]• _]jpe`]`• `a•
]cq])•ao•lnk^]^ha•mqa•pajc]j•]hcqj]•bqj_eÅj•aj•h]•naoeo*
paj_e]•`a•h]o•_}hqh]o•bnajpa•]•h]•`aoa_]_eÅj+
#X$
Cecqn]•1+/5• @|loqh]o•^]_pane]j]o)•#W$•=vhkmdYk•\]•
;Y_d[jeXWYj[h•gZk]jnY\Yk•hgj•laf[azf•f]_YlanY•[gf•laflY•[`afY•q•
ea[jgk[ghxY•\]•[gfljYkl]•\]•^Yk]k)•FY•laflY•[`afY•fg•h]f]ljY•]f•dY•
[vhkmdY•q•j]kYdlY•]klY•]kljm[lmjY•[ge g•mf•vj]Y•[dYjY•im]•jg\]Y•Y•
dY•[wdmdY'•im]•YhYj][]•evk•gk[mjY'•#X$•Ga[jg_jY^xY•]d][ljzfa[Y•\]•
ljYfkeakazf•\]•mf•[gjl]•^afg•\]•mfY•[wdmdY•\]•L^_peX_kc jh_\eb__• Cecqn]•1+/6• Cei^ne]o+•Ga[jg_jY^xY•]d][ljzfa[Y•\]•mfY•[wdmdY•
l]ya\Y•[gf•jgbg•\]•jml]fag•hYjY•j]n]dYj•dY•[vhkmdY)•?d•\ave]ljg•\]• \]•MWbced[bbW jof^_•]f•\anakazf'•egkljYf\g•^dY_]dgk•q•^aeZjaYk)•
dY•[wdmdY•kaf•dY•[vhkmdY•]k•\]•+'2•sae•YhjgpaeY\Ye]fl]) OfY•[wdmdY•YakdY\Y•la]f]•+'4•bpe•\]•\ave]ljg)
63• Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
1 +. - • E• Ei ^ gpndji`n• ^`gp g\ m` n
>•iajq`k•h]o•_}hqh]o•lnk_]neÅpe_]o•lnaoajp]j•cn|jqhko•u•
kpn]o•ej_hqoekjao•mqa•]_pÇ]j•_kik•naoanr]o•`a•ajanc~]•k•
_kik• `alÅoepko• `a•lna_qnoknao• l]n]•hko• _kilkjajpao•
,
i]_nkikha_qh]nao•u •aopnq_pqn]hao+•I]o•ej_hqoekjao•lqa*
`aj•]•ra_ao•ranoa•`ena_p]iajpa•lkn•ie_nko_kl~]•Ålpe_]•u•
oqahaj•aop]n•aj_ann]`]o•aj•iai^n]j]o•]p~le_]o•mqa•h]o•
oal]n]j•`ah•naopk•`a•h]•_}hqh]+•Bh•]hi]_aj]ieajpk•`a•_]n*
^kjk•u •`a•kpn]o•oqop]j_e]o•aj•qj]•bkni]•ejokhq^ha•ao•raj*
B db p m\ •1 +0 - • L`gjn•%kdgd&+• Jj]k]f[aY•\]•h]dgk•]f•mfY•[wdmdY•\]•
p]fkok• l]n]• h]• _}hqh]• lknmqa• jk• _kjpne^qua• ]h• aopn}o•
?iY^[h_Y^_W•Yeb_•im]•]klv•]f•hjg[]kg•\]•ljYfk^]j]f[aY•_]fwla[Y•
koiÅpe_k•mqa•oa•_na]n~]•oe•h]•ieoi]•_]jpe`]`•`a•oqop]j*
[gf•gljY)•?klY•]kljm[lmjY•k]•]na\]f[aY•evk•^v[ade]fl]•e]\aYfl]•
_e]•oa•aj_kjpn]n]•aj•bkni]•okhq^ha•aj•ah•_epklh]oi]+
dgk•najmk•im]•k]•`Yf•Y\`]ja\g•Y•]ddY)•FY•[wdmdY•la]f]•mfgk•+'3•s;e•
\]•\ave]ljg)
Jgdye ]jgk• [Y jZg f Y\gk• \ ] • j]k]jnY
hko•lqa`aj•oan•na_alpknao•l]n]•]hcqjko•pelko•`a•renqo)•oq• Rj]•`a•h]o•ej_hqoekjao•i|o•_kiqjao•ajpna•hko•lnk_]nekp]o•
reoq]hev]_eÅj•lkn•ie_nko_kl~]•aha_pnÅje_]•naoqhp]•i|o•b|* _kjop]•`a•iNTOZ•[ZWT#Q<#STO]ZcTM`_k]TNZ••B:4 "•qj•_ki*
_eh•_q]j`k•aop|j•na_q^eanpko•lkn•h]o•l]np~_qh]o•r~ne_]o•#@a( lqaopk•hel~`e_k•bkni]`k•lkn•qje`]`ao•`a•|_e`k•l*de`nkte*•
_m jY•/ ). + $)• >`ai|o•`a•qjenoa•]•oqlanbe_eao)•_kik•d]_aj• ^qp~ne_k•#@a_mjY•/). , Y $)• Iko•ikjÅianko•`ah•ME?•oa•qjaj•
h]o•bei^ne]o)•hko•lahko•peajaj•bqj_ekjao•]`e_ekj]hao+•Rj]• lkn•ajh]_a•}opan•bkni]j`k•h]ncko•lkh~ianko•_qu]o•ikh}_q*
bqj_eÅj•iqu•eilknp]jpa•ao•b]_ehep]n•ah•ejpan_]i^ek•caj}* h]o•oa•]cnac]j•bkni]j`k•cn|jqhko•%Cecqn]•1+0•DZ%*•I]•hkjce*
pe_k•ajpna•_}hqh]o•lnk_]neÅpe_]o•aj•ah•lnk_aok•`a•_kjfqc]* pq`•`a•aopko•lkh~ianko•r]n~]•_kjoe`an]^haiajpa•`a•1•]• .5
_eÅj)•_kik•oa•ran|•aj•h]•Pa__eÅj•..+./+
Pa•_kjk_aj•iq_d]o•_h]oao•`eopejp]o•`a•lahko•oacÇj•oq•ao*
pnq_pqn]•u•bqj_eÅj+•Rj]•_h]oa)•hh]i]`]•lapko•\]•lahg•OQ(•hhar]•
]•_]^k•qj]•bkni]•lk_k•_kiÇj•`a•ikrehe`]`•`ajkiej]`]•
egnada\Y\•Y•lajgf]k*•Iko•lahko•`a•pelk•FS •peajaj•Ǿ •ji•`a•`e|*
iapnk•u•oa•lqa`aj•atpaj`an•d]op]•r]neko•ie_nÅiapnko•`a•h]•
oqlanbe_ea•_ahqh]n+•I]•ikrehe`]`•]•penkjao•ao•qj]•r]nea`]`•`a•
h]•ikrehe`]`•lkn•`aohev]ieajpk•ok^na•qj]•oqlanbe_ea•oÅhe`]•
%Pa__eÅj•1+.1&•u •_kjoeopa•aj•mqa•oa•hkcn]•ah•`aolh]v]ieajpk•
`a•h]•_}hqh]•ia`e]jpa•h]•atpajoeÅj•u •napn]__eÅj•`a•hko•lahko+•
I]•ajanc~]•l]n]•aop]•ikrehe`]`•oa•k^peaja•`a•h]•de`nÅheoeo•`a•
>QM+•>hcqj]o•aola_eao•`a•Kk]m\gegfYk•u•HgjYp]ddY•lnaoaj*
p]j•aopa•pelk•`a•ikrehe`]`+
> •`ebanaj_e]•`a•kpnko•lahko)•hko•lahko•`a•pelk•FS•oÅhk•]l]*
na_aj•aj•hko•lkhko•`a•_}hqh]o•^]_eh]nao+•Bopko•lahko•oa•d]j•
_kjoe`an]`k•_kik•b]_pknao•`a•_khkjev]_eÅj•iqu•eilknp]j*
pao•l]n]•]hcqjko•l]pÅcajko•dqi]jko)•_kik•QaZjag•[`gd]jY]•
%_Åhan]&•u •I]akk]jaY•_gfgjj`g]Y]*•I]•aola_e]h•ikrehe`]`•`a•
aopko•l]pÅcajko•b]rkna_a•lkoe^haiajpa•oq•`aolh]v]ieajpk•
lkn•hko•pafe`ko•`ah•dkola`]`kn+•Pa•oqlkja•p]i^e}j•mqa•hko•
lahko•`a•pelk•FS•aop|j•eilhe_]`ko•aj•lnk_aoko•`a•pn]joba*
naj_e]•caj}pe_]•`qn]jpa•h]•_kjfqc]_eÅj•%Pa__eÅj•..+./&+
/ ) 4 • G af aj j ] n ak a{ f
G m[`Yk•[wdmdYk•hjg[Yjazla[Yk•[gfla]f]f•[vhkmdYk'•[YhYk•
e m[gkYk'•h ]dgk•g•^ae ZjaYk)•?klYk•]kljm[lmjYk•la]f]f• #X$
^mf[agf]k•j]dY[agfY\Yk•[gf•dY•Y\`]kazf'•]d•afl]j[Ye Zag•
_]f wla[g•q•dY•e gnada\Y\) B db p m\ •1+0.• Ljgd*L*cd_mjsd]podm\oj•%LD>&+•#W$•?kljm[lmjY•
imxea[Y•\]d•JB<'•mf•hgda(J(`a\jgpaYd[YfgYlg•^j][m]fl])•M]•af\a[Y•
C• ÖJg\jxY•mfY•[wdm dY•nanaj•kaf•hYj]\•[]dmdYj•h]jg•[gf• [Y\Y•mfa\Y\•egfgewja[Y)•?f•gljgk•hgdxe]jgk•\]•Yd[YfgYlgk'•]d•
[vhkmdY:•LYrgf]•dY•j]khm]klY) _jmhg•( = B 0•kgZj]•]d•[YjZgfg•J•k]•kmklalmq]•hgj•[Y\]fYk•
C• M]yYd]•\a^]j]f[aYk•]kljm[lmjYd]k•q •^mf[agfYd]k•]flj]•dYk• `a\jg[YjZgfY\Yk•evk•dYj_Yk'•#X$•Ga[jg_jY^xY•]d][ljzfa[Y•\]•mf•
[gjl]•^afg•\]•dY•ZY[l]jaY•^glzljg^Y•L^eZel_Xh_e ieZec[di_i•
^ae ZjaYk•q•dgk•h]dgk)
egkljYf\g•_jvfmdgk•\]•JB<)
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• 64
qje`]`ao•aj•]hcqjko•ie_nkknc]jeoiko+•Pa•d]•]_qÄ]`k•ah•
p}niejk•cajan]h•`a•lkhe*l*de`nkte]hg]jk]pko•%ME>&•l]n]•
`ao_ne^en•aop]•_h]oa•_kha_per]•`a•lkh~ianko•mqa•lqa`aj•]_*
pq]n•_kik•naoanr]•`a•_]n^kjk•u •ajanc~]+•Iko•ME>•oa•oejpa*
pev]j•_q]j`k•aj•ah•ia`ek•d]u•qj•at_aok•`a•_]n^kjk•u•oa•
de`nkhev]j•l]n]•oq•qpehev]_eÅj•aj•h]•^eko~jpaoeo•`a•aomqaha*
pko•_]n^kj]`ko•k•l]n]•b]^ne_]n•>QM•_q]j`k•h]o•_kj`e_ekjao•
hk•namqeanaj+•Jq_dko•lnk_]nekp]o)•p]jpk•lanpaja_eajpao•]h•
`kiejek•^]_pane]o•_kik•]•]nmqa]o)•lnk`q_aj•ME>+
Lpnk•lnk`q_pk•`a•naoanr]•ao•ah•RW`NmRPYZ"•qj•lkh~iank•
`a•chq_ko]•$nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•0+0&+•@kik•hko•ME>)• ah•chq_Å*
cajk•ao•qj•`alÅoepk•`a•_]n^kjk•u •ajanc~]•mqa•oa•]_qiqh]•
_q]j`k•h]•bqajpa•`a•_]n^kjk•aop|•aj•at_aok•aj•ah•ia`ek•u•
oa•_kjoqia•aj•_kj`e_ekjao•`a•heiep]_eÅj•`a•_]n^kjk+•Bh•
chq_Åcajk• oa•l]na_a•]h•]hie`Åj)•mqa•ao•h]•lnej_el]h•na*
oanr]•aj•lh]jp]o)•lank•oa•`ebanaj_e]j•aj•h]•i]jan]•aj•mqa•
oa•qjaj•hko•ikjÅianko•`a•chq_ko]•$nwYk]•Cecqn]•0+3Z%* Cecqn]•1+0/• DhÅ^qhko•`a•]vqbna+•Ga[jg_jY^xY•]f•[Yehg•[dYjg•
\]•[wdmdYk•\]•dY•ZY[l]jaY•jgbY•\]d•Yrm^j]•CieY^hecWj_kc•XkZ[h_)•
FYk•af[dmkagf]k•afljY[]dmdYj]k•kgf•_jvfmdgk•\]•Yrm^j]•im]•k]•
J gda^gk^Ylg • q • Yrm^j]
^gjeYf•hgj•gpa\Y[azf•\]•kmd^mjg•\]•`a\jz_]fg•#BbM$)•OfY•[wdmdY•
Jq_dko• ie_nkknc]jeoiko• ]_qiqh]j• bkob]pk• ejknc|je_k• af\ana\mYd•ea\]•Yhjgpae Y\Ye]fl]•/ p 2 •fe)
%M-1/$&•aj•bkni]•`a•cn|jqhko•`a•hgda^gk^Ylg(•hko•_q]hao•lqa*
`aj•oan•`acn]`]`ko•u•qo]`ko•_kik•bqajpa•`a•bkob]pk•l]n]•h]•
^eko~jpaoeo•`a•|_e`ko•jq_hae_ko•u•`a•bkobkh~le`ko•u •aj•]hcq*
jko•knc]jeoiko•l]n]•ah]^kn]n•>QM+•@kj•bna_qaj_e])•ah•bko*
b]pk•ao•qj•jqpneajpa•heiep]jpa•aj•ia`eko•j]pqn]hao)•`a•ik`k•
mqa•oe•qj]•_}hqh]•_na_a•aj•at_aok•`a•bkob]pk•naoqhp]•^ajabe*
_ekok•]_qiqh]nhk•l]n]•bqpqnko•qoko•aj•bkni]•`a•lkhebkob]pk+
Jq_dko• lnk_]nekp]o• cn]ijac]perko• lqa`aj• kte`]n•
_kilqaopko•na`q_e`ko•`ah•]vqbna)•_kik•oqhbqnk•`a•de`nÅ*
cajk•%E Ō P&+•I]•kte`]_eÅj•`ah•oqhbqnk•aop|•hec]`]•]•na]_*
_ekjao•`a•lnk`q__eÅj•`a•ajanc~]•%mqeiekhepkpnkb~]8•nwYfk]•
Pa__ekjao•/-+5•u •/-+.-&•k•]•h]•bef]_eÅj•bkpkpnÅbe_]•`a•@- Ō
%]qpkpnkbe]8•nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•/-+3&+•Bj•]i^ko•_]oko•oa•lqa`a•
]_qiqh]n•]vqbna•ahaiajp]h•`ajpnk•`a•h]•_}hqh]•aj•chÅ^qhko•
b|_ehiajpa•reoe^hao•%Cecqn]•1+0/&•mqa•lanoeopaj•ieajpn]o•
aop}•`eolkje^ha•h]•bqajpa•`a•]vqbna•na`q_e`k+•Pej•ai^]nck)•
_q]j`k•h]•bqajpa•`a•]vqbna•na`q_e`k•ao•heiep]jpa)•aopko•
cn|jqhko•`a•]vqbna•`ao]l]na_aj•cn]`q]hiajpa•]•ia`e`]•
mqa•ah•]vqbna•ao•kte`]`k•]•oqhb]pk•%PLŐ/*&+
Pa•d]•`aikopn]`k•mqa•hko•cn|jqhko•`a•]vqbna•oa•bkn*
i]j•aj•na]he`]`•aj•ah•lanelh]oi]•`a•h]•_}hqh]•i|o•mqa•aj•
ah•_epklh]oi]+• Bh•lanelh]oi]•oa•atl]j`a•lneiank•d]_e]•
bqan]•l]n]•]_kik`]n•hko•chÅ^qhko•`a•PÑ•naoqhp]jpao•`a•h]•
kte`]_eÅj•`ah•E ŌP+•Iqack)•ah•lanelh]oi]•oa•_kjpn]a•d]_e]•
`ajpnk•_q]j`k•ah•PÑ•oa•kte`]•]•P-1/x+•Bo•lnk^]^ha•mqa•]h*
cqj]•kpn]•ej_hqoeÅj•ç_epklh|oie_]é•mqa•oa•bkni]•aj•h]o•
B
C
cn]ijac]per]o•oec]•qj•lnk_aok•oeieh]n+•Mkn•afailhk)•hko•
cn|jqhko•`a•ME>•aj•_}hqh]o•cn]ijac]per]o•oa•hk_]hev]j• Cecqn]•1+00• ?]_pane]o•i]cjapkp|_pe_]o•u•i]cjapkoki]o+
lnk^]^haiajpa•aj•ah•lanelh]oi]•%Cecqn]•1+0.&+ #W$•Ga[jg_jY^xY•\]•[gfljYkl]•Üfl]j^]j]f[aYd•\]•ZY[l]jaYk•
eY_f]lglv[la[Yk•[g[ga\]k•[gf•eY_f]lgkgeYk)•Fgk•
Cf[dmkagf]k•e Y_f xla[Yk5• e Y _ f] lg kge Yk eY_f]lgkgeYk•k]•af\a[Yf•[gf•^d][`Yk)•=Y\Y•[wdmdY•ea\]•-'-•Dae•
\]•\ave]ljg'•#X$•GY_f]lgkgeYk•YakdY\gk•\]•dY•ZY[l]jaY•
>hcqj]o•^]_pane]o• oa•kneajp]j•aj•qj•_]ilk•i]cj}pe_k• GW]d[jeif_h_bbkc•cW]d[jejWYj_Ykc)•=Y\Y•hYjlx[mdY•la]f]•mfY•
lknmqa• lkoaaj• XLRYP_Z^ZXL^$• Bop]o• aopnq_pqn]o• okj• dgf_alm\•\]•mfgk•0+•fe)•#Y$•Ga[jg_jY^xY•]d][ljzfa[Y•\]•
l]np~_qh]o•ejpn]_ahqh]nao•`ah•iejan]h•b}nne_k•i]cjapep])• ljYfkeakazf•\]•dgk•eY_f]lgkgeYk•\]•mf•[g[g•eY_f]lglv[la[g)•FY•
CaŎ- Ő•%Cecqn]•1+00&)•mqa•_kjreanpaj•]•h]o•_}hqh]o•mqa•hko• ^d][`Y•af\a[Y•dY•e]eZjYfY•im]•jg\]Y•[Y\Y•eY_f]lgkgeY)•Of•
lkoaaj•aj•qj•`elkhk•i]cj}pe_k•lani]jajpa•okiape`k•]•h] eY_f]lgkgeY•YakdY\g•ea\]•Yimx•4+•fe•\]•Yf[`g)
65 • Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
ejbhqaj_e]•`a•_q]hmqean•_]ilk•i]cj}pe_k+•I]o•^]_pane]o•
mqa•peajaj•i]cjapkoki]o•atde^aj•eY_f]lglYpak(•lnk_aok•
ia`e]jpa•ah•_q]h•oa•kneajp]j•u•oa•`aolh]v]j•oecqeaj`k•h]o•
h~ja]o• `a•qj• _]ilk•i]cj}pe_k+• >qjmqa•aj•ah•p}niejk•
i]cjapkp]teo•oa•ej_hqua•ah•oqbefk•)lYpak(•jk•d]u•lnqa^]o•
`a•mqa•h]o•^]_pane]o•i]cjapkp|_pe_]o•qpehe_aj•hko•oeopai]o•
oajoknao•lnkleko•`a•h]o•^]_pane]o•mqeiekp|_pe_]o•k•bkpk*•
p|_pe_]o•%Pa__eÅj•1+.2&+•Bh•]heja]ieajpk•`a•hko•i]cjapk*•
oki]o•aj•h]•_}hqh]•hao•_kjbeana•oeilhaiajpa•lnklea`]`ao•
i]cj}pe_]o•mqa•laniepaj•oq•kneajp]_eÅj•aj•qj]•`ena__eÅj•
l]npe_qh]n•`a•ikreieajpk+
I]•bqj_eÅj•`a•hko•i]cjapkoki]o•ao•`ao_kjk_e`]+• Pa•
d]•`ao_nepk•oq•lnaoaj_e]•aj•r]neko•knc]jeoiko•]_q|pe_ko•
mqa)•aj•_kj`e_ekjao•`a•_qhperk•`a•h]^kn]pknek)•_na_aj•ia*
fkn•]•_kj_ajpn]_ekjao•^]f]o•`a•- /+• Bopk•l]na_a•ej`e_]n• Cecqn]•1+01• @e]jk^]_pane]o•bhkp]jpao+•@dglY[azf•\]•
mqa•lnk^]^haiajpa•qj]•`a•oqo•bqj_ekjao•oa]•h]•`a•cqe]n• [aYfgZY[l]jaYk•[gf•n]kx[mdYk•\]•_Yk•]f•mf•dY_g•ja[g•]f•fmlja]fl]k'•
]•h]o•_}hqh]o•]_q|pe_]o• d]_e]•ah• bkj`k• %h]•`ena__eÅj•`ah• FY_g•G]f\glY'•GY\akgf'•Qaf[gfkaf'•OM;)
_]ilk•i]cj}pe_k•pannaopna&)•`kj`a•hko•jerahao•`a•Õ Ō•okj•
iajknao+ _ekjaj•aj•h]o•_khqij]o•`a•]cq]•]•`ebanajpao•]hpqn]o•aj•
Iko•i]cjapkoki]o•aop|j•nk`a]`ko•lkn•qj]•iai^n]j]• bqj_eÅj•`a•h]o•_kj`e_ekjao•]i^eajp]hao+
mqa•_kjpeaja•bkobkh~le`ko)•lnkpa~j]o•u •che_klnkpa~j]o•%Ce* Iko•afailhko•i|o•hh]i]perko•`a•^]_pane]o•_kj•r]_qkh]o•
cqn]•1+00ba)_&+•Bop]•iai^n]j]•jk•ao•qj]•qje`]`•`a•iai* c]oako]o•okj•h]o•_e]jk^]_pane]o)•mqa•bkni]j•]_qiqh]_ek*
^n]j])•_kik•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•%Cecqn]•1+2&)• jao•i]oer]o•aj•hko•h]cko•u •kpnko•]i^eajpao•]_q|pe_ko•%Ce*
oejk•qj]•iai^n]j]•]p~le_]•_kik•h]•mqa•ajrqahra•]•hko• cqn]• 1+01&+• Bop]o• _}hqh]o• oq^aj• ]• h]• oqlanbe_ea• u• okj•
cn|jqhko•`a•ME?•%Cecqn]•1+0.&+•Bo•lnk^]^ha•mqa•h]•iai* ]nn]opn]`]o•lkn•hko•reajpko•aj•cn]j`ao•i]o]o+•S]ne]o•^]_*
^n]j]•`ah•i]cjapkoki]•pajc]•_kik•bqj_eÅj•lna_elep]n•ah• pane]o•bkpÅpnkb]o•nkf]o•u •ran`ao•lkoaaj•p]i^e}j•rao~_qh]o•
Ca•0(•%ejpnk`q_e`k•aj•h]•_}hqh]•aj•bkni]•okhq^ha•lkn•]caj* c]oako]o•$nwYfk]•Pa__ekjao•.2+/•u•.3+.2&)•]o~•_kik•]hcqj]o•
pao•mqah]jpao&•aj•bkni]•`a•CaŎ- Ő•_q]j`k•oa•bkni]•ah•i]c* ^]_pane]o•jk•bkpÅpnkb]o•mqa•reraj•aj•h]cko•q •aop]jmqao+•>h*
japkoki]+• I]• iknbkhkc~]• `a•hko•i]cjapkoki]o•l]na_a• cqj]o•]nmqa]o•p]i^e}j•lnaoajp]j•r]_qkh]o•`a•c]o)•lank•ao*
aola_~be_]•l]n]•_]`]•aola_ea)•u•r]n~]j•`a•bkni])•lnaoaj* p]o•bkni]_ekjao•aop|j•]qoajpao•aj•hko•aq_]nekp]o+
p]j`k•]ola_pk•_q]`n]`k)•na_p]jcqh]n•k•lqjpe]cq`k)•bkn*
i]j`k•_]`aj]o•`ajpnk•`a•h]•_}hqh]•%Cecqn]•1+00&+ ?kljm[lmjY• _ ] f ] jY d• \ ] • dYk• n]ky[mdYk• \ ] • _Yk
I]o•rao~_qh]o•`a•c]o•okj•aopnq_pqn]o•bqoebkniao•hhaj]o•`a•
/ ) , + • G a f aj j ] n ak a{ f c]o•u•bkni]`]o•lkn•lnkpa~j]o+• Pkj•aopnq_pqn]o•dqa_]o)•
lank•n~ce`]o)•u •`a•hkjcepq`•u •`e|iapnk•r]ne]^ha+•Bj•knc]*
= g f •^j][m]f[aY'• dYk•[wdm dYk•hjg[Yjazla[Yk•[gfla]f]f• jeoiko• `ebanajpao•h]•hkjcepq`•]h_]jv]•`a•0--•]•i|o•`a
af[dmkagf]k•\ ] •Yrm^j]'•hgda^gk^Ylgk'•hgdxe ]jgk• .+---• ji)•u •h]•]j_dqn]•r]n~]•`a•12•]•./-•ji)•lank•aj•qj•
[YjZgfY\gk•g•e Y_f]lgkge Yk)•?klYk•kmklYf[aYk• knc]jeoik•`apaniej]`k•h]o•`eiajoekjao•okj•i|o•k•ia*
^mf[agfYf•[ge g•eYl]jaYd] k•\ ] •j]k]jnY•g •]f• dY• jko•_kjop]jpao•%Cecqn]•1+02&+
eY_f]lglYpak)
Bh•jÇiank•`a•rao~_qh]o•lqa`a•r]ne]n•`a•qj]o•_q]j*
p]o•]•r]neko•_eajpko•lkn•_}hqh]+• I]•iai^n]j]•`a•aop]o•
rao~_qh]o•`a•c]o•oa•_kilkja•`a•lnkpa~j])•peaja•qj]•]j*
_dqn]• `a• _an_]• `a• Ō • ji•u •ao• ei lania]^ha• ]h• ]cq]•u•
]•hko•okhqpko•lank•lania]^ha•]•c]oao+•I]•lnaoaj_e]•`a•
rao~_qh]o• lqa`a• `apa_p]noa• lkn• ie_nko_kl~]• Ålpe_])•
`kj`a•hko•cnqlko•`a•rao~_qh]o•oa•`ajkiej]j•nY[mgdYk•
\] _Yk•u •]l]na_aj•_kik•ej_hqoekjao•ennacqh]nao•u•^ne*
hh]jpao)• k• ^eaj• lkn• ie_nko_kl~]• aha_pnÅje_]• %Cecqn]•
1+03]•u•^&+
/ ), , • G af aj j ] n ak a{ f
Y
FYk•n]kx[mdYk•_Yk]gkYk•kgf•]kljm[lmjYk•af ljY[]dmdYj]k•
dd]fYk•\ ] •_Yk•q •^gje Y\Yk•h g j•hjgl]xfYk'•[mqY•^m f[azf•]k•
h ]je alaj•dY•^dglYZ ada\ Y\ •\]•dYk•[wdmdYk)•= gf la]f ]f •\gk•
hjgl]xfYk•\a^]j]fl]k•im ]•k]•\akhgf]f•^g je Yf \g•mfY•
#X$ ]kljm[lmjY•j]la[mdYj•h]je ]YZd]•Y•_Yk]k•h]jg•
ae h ]je ]YZd]•Yd•Y_mY)
B db p m\ •1 +0 3 • R`n~^pg\n•_`•b\n•_ ` •g\n•^d\ij]\^o`md\n•
;dWXW[dW•t •G_YheYoij_i' #W$ ;dWXW[dW \beiWgkW[)•FY•[wdmdY• C• Ö?f•im w•Z]f]^a[aYf•dYk•n]kx[mdYk•\ ] •_Yk•Y•dYk•[wdm dYk•
gk[mjY•\]d•[]fljg•]k•mf•`]l]jg[aklg•im]•[Yj][]•\]•nY[mgdYk•\]• ^glzljg^Yk:
_Yk)•?f•dYk•gljYk•[wdmdYk'•dYk•n]kx[mdYk•k]•Y_jmhYf•[geg•gZb]lgk•
ZjaddYfl]k•im]•\akh]jkYf•dY•dmr•#^d][`Yk$'•#X$•Ga[jg_jY^xY•]d][ljzfa[Y• C • Ö = z e g •k]•\akhgf]f•dYk•\g k•hjgl]xfYk•im ]•^gje Yf•dYk•
\]•ljYfkeakazf•\]•dY•[aYfgZY[l]jaY•G_YheYoijei)•FYk•n]kx[mdYk• n]kx[mdYk•\ ] •_Yk'•A n h ; •q •A n h = '•hYjY•\Yj•dm _Yj•Y•mfY•
^gjeYf•Y_jmhY[agf]k•im]•Yimx•YhYj][]f•k][[agfY\Yk•ljYfkn]jkYd• e ]e ZjYfY•hjgl]a[Y•ae h ]je ]YZd]•Yd•Y_mY:
q •dgf_alm\afYde]fl])
. - -• Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
eF•Ankjm\n•o`mhdi\g`n
y! )•
e• +• > o k h • ' 8 •e
#X$•Ankjm\n•np]o`mhdi\g`n
! • $ (m
*
9• á)•M m +
5 Ä
#Y$•Ankjm\n•^`iom\g`n
* 6
Ä Ä Ä P a "^
B db p m\ •1 +0 5 • H\•`i_jnkjm\•]\^o`md\i\+• Id^mjbm\a~\n•_`•^jiom\no`•_`•a\n`n•lp`•égpnom\i•odkjn•hjmajgÅbd^jn•_`•`i_jnkjm\•
t•np•gj^\gdu\^dÅi•diom\^`gpg\m+
1 +. / • A i _ j n k j m\ n E
>hcqj]o•aola_eao•`ah•`kiejek•=Y[l]jaY•lnk`q_aj•ejpn]_a*•
hqh]niajpa•qj]o•aopnq_pqn]o•aola_e]hao•hh]i]`]o•aj`ko*
lkn]o• % B db p m\ • 1 +0 5 & • `qn]jpa• qj• lnk_aok• `ajkiej]`k• G• AĚĂĊĂV•ÇZÁZČVČÃÇV
]khgjmdY[azf*• I]o•aj`kolkn]o•okj•_}hqh]o•`ebanaj_e]`]o)• *•'• ^ & • pe• '
atpn]kn`ej]ne]iajpa•naoeopajpao•]h•_]hkn)• ]•]cajpao•mq~* 2(((((((( CĈÆĄĆV•ZǺ•YZĈVĆĆĄĂĂĄ•
ie_ko•]cnaoerko•u•]•h]•n]`e]_eÅj)•mqa•bqj_ekj]j•_kik•ao*
pnq_pqn]o•`a•oqlanreraj_e])•_]l]_ep]j`k•]o~•]h•knc]jeoik•
l]n]•naoeopen•_kj`e_ekjao•]`rano]o•_kik•pailan]pqn]o•at* G• AĚĂĊĂV•ZĈÆĄĆĊĂVǺČZ•Ĵ• Ņ•c• jG • Į Ĥ
pnai]o)•`aoa_]_eÅj)•heiep]_eÅj•`a•jqpneajpao•u•iq_d]o•
i|o+•I]o•aj`kolkn]o•nalnaoajp]j•ah•aop]`k•`qnieajpa•`a•
ù d• ;
qj•_e_hk•`a•re`]•^]_pane]jk•`ah•pelk7•_}hqh]•racap]per]•è;•
aj`kolkn]•èé•_}hqh]•racap]per]+•I]o•aj`kolkn]o•okj•p]i*
^e}j•qj]•aopnq_pqn]•e`a]h•`a•`eolanoeÅj•lkn•ah•reajpk)•ah•
]cq]•u •ah•ejpaopejk•`a•]jei]hao+•I]o•^]_pane]o•mqa•bkni]j•
aj`kolkn]o•oa•aj_qajpn]j•d]^epq]hiajpa•aj•ah•oqahk•u•hko• B db p m\ •1 +0 6 • ?d^gj•_`•qd_\•_`•pi\• ]\^o`md\•ajmh \_jm\•
_`•`i_jnkjm\n+• H\n•hd^mjbm\a~\n•_`•^jiom\no`•_`•a\n`n•
c}janko•aj`kolknqh]jpao•iafkn•aopq`e]`ko•okj•=Y[addmk•u•
^jmm`nkji_`i•\•=beijh_Z_kc•fWiYk_)•?\_\•^}gpg\•od`i`•
>dgklja\ame*
pijn•ÕĞŔ•vdh •_`•\i^cj+
Ö=mwflg•la]ehg•hm]\]•kgZj]nanaj•mfY•]khgjY:
? dY•dYl]f[aY•q •dY•j]kakl]f[aY•\]•dYk•
]f\gkhgjYk•ZY[l]jaYfYk•q •k]•`Y•
k]yYdY\g•im ]•hm ]\]f •nanaj•\mjYfl]•em[`g•
`memk•q •eYl]jaY•n]_]lYd•]f•
\]k[ge hgka[azf)•?d•Yfvdakak•e a[jgZagdz_ a[g•
\ ] •dgk•j]klgk•Y jim]gdz_a[gk•jgeYfgk•
la] e h g •]f•]klY\g•dYl]fl])•ÖJ]jg•[mvflg• `YddY\gk•]f•]d•L]af g•Ofa\g'•q •\YlY\gk•`Y[]•
la] e h g •]pY[lYe ]fl]: mfgk•/---•Yygk'•h]jeala]jgf•\]k[mZjaj•mf•
Fgk•\Ylg k•hm Z da[Y\ g k•kgZj]•dY• _jYf•f{e]jg•\ ] •]khgjYk•naYZd]k•\]•
dg f_ ]na\Y \•\ ] •dYk•]khgjYk•af \a[Yf•im ]• N^[hc eWYj_dec oY[i•]f•\aklaf lYk•em]kljYk•
hm ]\]f •h]je Y f ][]j•n aYZd]k•#]k•\][aj'• \]•j]ka\mgk)•;\]e vk'•k]•j][mh]jYjgf•
[YhY []k•\ ] •_]je afYj•hYjY•\ Y j•[wdmdYk• ]khgjYk•\]•N^[hc eWYj_dec oY[i•]f•
n]_]lYlanYk$•[g e g •e xfae g•\mjYfl]•nYjaYk• ^jY[[ag f]k•\ ] •]kljYlgk•\ ] •k]\ae ]flgk•]f•
\ w[Y\Y k•q•hjgZ Y Zd]e ] fl]•\mjYfl]• mf•dY_g•\ ] •G af ]kkglY•[gf•mfY•Yf la_|]\Y\•
e m[`g•evk)• ?f• ,43,• k]•[ g dg [ z •]f•mf• \ ] •mfgk•2+++•Yygk)•; m fim ]•ka]e hj]•]k•
e ] \ ag •\ ] •[m dlang•]klwjad•mfY•kmkh]fkazf• hg kaZd]•mfY•[gflYeaf Y[azf'•]f•]klgk•
\ ] •]khgjYk•\ ] •= beijh_Z_kc •WY[j_Ykc • ]klm\agk•dYk•em]kljYk•k]•hjg[]kYjgf•\ ] •lYd•
%B db pm\•.\&•hj]hYjY\Y•]f• ,4/2•q'•./•Yygk• e g \g•im ]•k]•\]k[Yjlz•dY•[gflYe af Y[azf•
\]khmwk'•[g e ]f rz •Y•[j][]j•]f•e ]fgk•\] h g j•]khgjYk•Y[lmYd]k-)•Jgj•lYflg'•]k•
./• `gjYk•\ Y f \ g •dm _Y j•Y•mf•[mdlang)• B db p m\ • .• Hjib`qd_\_•_`•g\n•`i_jnkjm\n+ hg kaZd]•im ]•dYk•]f\gkhgjYk•j]kaklYf•
= beijh_Z_kd•W Y[j_Ykc •^m]•YakdY\g• #W$•@eje]hW\uW•Z[•kd•jk Xe•Yedj[d_[dZe• \mjYfl]•nYjagk•ead]k•\ ] •Yygk'•h]jg•Ö]k•wkl]•
g ja_af Yde ]f l]•h g j•]d•` gdYf \wk•E)N)• [ifehWi•Z[•=dgklja\ame•Y[]la[me'•fh[fWhWZe• ]d•dxeal]:
S d`mdib\•]f•,4/+•q•k]•[j]qz•im ] •]d•naYd• [b•2•Z[•cWoe•Z[• ,4/2)•NhWi•f[hcWd[Y[h•[d• Ö K m w •^Y[lgj]k•hg\jxYf•daealYj•dY•]\Y\•
[gf •dYk•]khgjYk•k]•`YZxY•h]j\a\g'• `YklY• [ijWZe•bWj[dj[•f e h•csi•Z[•.+•Wvei'•bWi• \ ] •mfY•]khgjY:•Ofg•\ ] •dgk•^Y[lgj]k•evk•
im ]•^m]•]f [gf ljY\g•]f•mf•Yde Y[wf•\ ] •dY• [ifehWi•i[•i[cXhWhed•[d•kd•c[Z_e•Z[• ae hgjlYfl]k•im ]•k]•`Y•l] f a\ g •]f•[m]flY•
Ofan]jka\Y\•\ ] •=Yda^g jf aY•q• Ykbj_le•o •[b•Yh[Y_c_[dje•eYkhh_w•[d• 2-•^ehWi ]k•dY•jY\aY[azf•[zkea[Y'•im ]•hm ]\]•
hg kl]jag je ]f l]•j]Y[lanY\gå )•=)• WY[j_Ykc • #X$•<WYj[h_Wi•^Wbw\_bWi•WjhWfWZWi•[d•Yh_ijWb[i•
hjg\ m[aj•e mlY[agf]k•]f•]d•> H ; -)•M]•`Y•
Z[•iWb)•?ijei•Yh_ijWb[i•i[•eXjkl_[hed•
]k•mfY•ZY[l]jaY•Y[]lg_w fa[Y •i m ] •^gje Y• k mhm]klg•im]'•\mjYfl]•ead]k•\ ] •Yygk'•dgk•
Whj_\_Y_Wbc[dj[•[d•[b•bWXehWjeh_e•[ijWdZe•
Y[]lYlg•Y•hYjlaj•\ ] •= + /•&• B/•g •\]• ]^][lgk•Y[me mdYlangk•\]•dY•jY\aY[azf•
fh[i[dj[i•YtbkbWi•Z[•BYdgZY[l]jame•#Yebeh•
_dm[gkY•#nwYk]•M ][[azf •-,)4$ [zke a[Y•hg\jxYf•hjg\ m[aj•e mdlalm\•\]•
dWhWd`W$'•gk[•f[hcWd[Y_[hed•l_WXb[i•[d•[b•
?pakl]f•gljg•]b]e hdgk•\g[me ]flY\gk• _dj[h_eh)•M[•^Wd•Z[iYh_je•Yh_ijWb[i•i_c_bWh[i•W• e mlY[agf]k•]f•]d•_]f ge Y•\ ] •mf•
kgZj]•dY•dg f_]na\Y\•\ ] •dYk•]f\gkhgjYk)•FYk• tijei'•fheY[Z[dj[i•Z[b•f[hueZe•Jthc_Ye• gj_Yfakeg'•[YhY[]k•\ ] •Y^][lYj•af[dm kg•Y•
ZY[l]jaYk•l]je z^adYk•\]d•_wf]jg• #^WY[•kdei•-0+•c_bbed[i•Z[•Wvei$'• ]kljm[lmjYk•lYf•j]kakl]fl]k•[ge g•dYk•
N^[hc eWYj_dec oY[i•^gjeYf•]f\gkhgjYk•q Yedj[d_[dZe•[dZeifehWi•l_WXb[i) ]f\gkhgjYk6•wklYk•l]jeafYjxYf•h g j•egjaj
.• ĆVĊǺĞ•KĤĞ•DĤ•KVÈZĆ•È•EĤ•EĄČČĈXÂVĂĀĤ•ÖŘŔÖĤ•Ĭ=beijh_Z_kc WY[j_Ykc•ĹUÃZĆÃǺÁVĽĞ•V•ÅÃXĆĄĄĆÁVǺÃĈÅ•ÆĆĄYĊXÃǺÁ•VXZČÃX•VXÃY•ÀĆĄÅ•ÅĄĂZXĊĂVĆ•
ÂÈYĆĄÁZǺ•VǺY•XVĆWĄǺ•YÃĄĐÃYZİĤ•;hY^) G_YheX_eb) ,-35ŌŔŔĦŌŘŎĤ
/EZĈČĞ•FĤĞ•È•HĤ•KVǺYZĂĈČVÅĤ•ÖŘŔŒĤ•ĬJĄǺÁZÇÃČÈ•ĄÀ•ÅÃXĆĄĄĆÁVǺÃĈÅĈ•ÃǺ•ǺVČĊĆVĂ•ZǺÇÃĆĄǺÅZǺČĈİĤ•G_YheX_eb) MY_)•ŐĢǾŘĦŒÖĤ
0AVǺĄĞ•PĤHĤĞ•È•KĤIĤ• ĄĆĊXĀÃĤ•ÖŘŘØĤ•ĬPZÇÃÇVĂ•VǺY•ÃYZǺČÃÀÃXVČÃĄǺ•ĄÀ•WVXČZĆÃVĂ•ĈÆĄĆZĈ•ÃǺ•ŌØĦČĄ•ŐÕĦÅÃĂĂÃĄǺĦÈZVĆĦĄĂY•BĄÅÃǺÃXVǺ•VÅWZİĤ•
MY_[dY[ -315ÖÕǾÕĦÖÕǾŐĤ
Í TĆZZĂVǺYĞ•PĤFĞ•UĤBĤ•PĄĈZǺÉĎZÃÁ•È•BĤUĤ•NĄĎZĆĈĤ•ŌÕÕÕĤ•ĬGĈĄĂVČÃĄǺ•ĄÀ•V•ŌØÕÅÃĂĂÃĄǺĦÈZVĆĦĄĂY•ÂVĂĄČĄĂZĆVǺČ•WVXČZĆÃĊÅ•ÀĆĄÅ•V•ÆĆÃÅVĆÈ•ĈVĂČ•
XĆÈĈČVĂĿĤ•LVČĊĆZ•/+25ŔŘŒĦŘÕÕĤ
2DÃĈÂĞ•QĤ
ĤĞ•RĤHĤ•QÂZÆÂZĆYĞ•RHĤ•KVXEZǺÃČÈ•È•UĤBĤ•EĆVǺČĤ•ŌÕÕŌĤ•ĬPZXĄÇZĆÈ•ĄÀ•ÖǾQ•ĆÃWĄĈĄÅVĂ•PL
•ÁZǺZ•ÀĆVÁÅZǺČĈ•ÀĆĄÅ•VǺXÃZǺČ•ÂVĂÃČZİĤ•
HWjkh[ /,25ŐŎŌĦŐŎǾĤ
`a•jqar]o•lnkpa~j]o•aola_~be_]o+•Bopk•oa•hhar]•]•_]^k•ia*
`e]jpa•h]•]_per]_eÅj•`a•r]ne]o•b]iehe]o•`a•cajao•aola_~be*
_ko•l]n]•h]•aj`kaolknqh]_eÅj•mqa•_k`ebe_]j•lnkpa~j]o•mqa•
_]p]hev]j•h]•oanea•`a•lnk_aoko•mqa•_kj`q_aj•]•h]•bkni]*
_eÅj•`a•qj]•aj`kolkn]•`aode`n]p]`]•u•iap]^Åhe_]iajpa•
ejanpa)•lank•iqu•naoeopajpa)•]•l]npen•`a•qj]•_}hqh]•racap]*
per]•de`n]p]`]•u •bqj_ekj]hiajpa•]_per]• %P \]g\• 1 +0 • u•Ce*
cqn]•1+10&+•Bj•h]•Pa__eÅj•6+./•rkhranaiko•]•pn]p]n•aopa•
pai]•u•at]iej]naiko•]hcqjko•lnk_aoko•ikha_qh]nao•mqa•
_kjpnkh]j•h]•aolknqh]_eÅj+
I\_pm\^dÅi•%_`n\mmjggj•
_`•m`ndno`i^d\•\g•^\gjm• / ) , - • G a f aj j ] n ak a{ f
t•\•\b`io`n•lp~hd^jn&
H\•`i_jnkjm\•`n•pi\• ^}gpg\•]\^o`md\i\•hpt•m`ndno`io`•
t •_ da`m`i^d\_\•kmj_p^d_\•k j m•\gbpi\n•]\^o`md\n•
bm\hkjndodq\n+•H\n•`i_jnkjm\n•`no|i•ap`mo` h ` io`•
_`ncd_m\o\_\n•t •^jiod`i`i•g\n•h\^mjhjg}^pg\n•
`n`i^d\g`n•ep i oj •\•npno\i^d\n•k mjo`^ojm\n)•^ jh j•`g•
_ dk d^jgdi\ oj•^|g^d^j•t •g\n•k`lp`Ä\n•kmjo`~i\n•|^d_j*•
njgp]g`n)•l p `•`no|i•\pn`io`n•`i•^}gpg\n•q`b`o\odq\n+
B db p m\ •1 +1 0 • B\n`n•`i•g\•ajmh \^dÅi•_`•g\•`i_jnkjm\+•H\n
a\n`n•iph`m\_\n•_`•-•\•REE•c\i•nd_j•_`adid_\n•\•k\modm•_`•`nop_djn•
b`i}od^jn•t•\i|gdndn•hd^mjn^Åkd^jn•_`•g\•`nkjmpg\^dÅi•`i•<WY_bbki•
ikXj_b_i)
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• .-2
=WhWYj[huij_YWi• =tbkbW•l[][jWj_lW
Anomp^opm\ ?}gpg\•bm\hkjndodq\•o~kd^\8• ?Åmo`s•bmp`nj)•^po~^pg\)•
pi\n•kj^\n•bm\hi`b\odq\n `sjnkjmdj
=k\md`i^d\•hd^mjn^Åkd^\ Jj•m`am|^odg N`am|^odg
?jio`id_j•`i•^\g^dj >\ej Ag`q\_j
ó^d_j•_dkd^jg~id^j =pn`io` Lm`n`io`
=^odqd_\_•`iudh|od^\ Ag`q\_\ >\e\
I`o\]jgdnhj•%^jinphj•_`•KŌ& Ag`q\_j >\ej•Õ•\pn`io`
O~io`ndn•h\^mjhjg`^pg\m Lm`n`io` =pn`io`
hNJ= Lm`n`io` >\ej•Õ•\pn`io`
@J=•t •md]jnjh\n Lm`n`io` Lm`n`io`
N`ndno`i^d\•\g•^\gjm >\e\ Ag`q\_\
N`ndno`i^d\•\•g\•m\_d\^dÅi >\e\ Ag`q\_\
N`ndno`i^d\•\•^jhkp`nojn•lp~hd^jn• >\e\ Ag`q\_\
%kjm•`e`hkgj)•DŌKŌ&•t•|^d_jn
Pdi^dÅi•kjm•^jgjm\io`n P`Äd]g` OÅgj•n`•odÄ`•h`_d\io`•
h}oj_jn•`nk`^d\g`n
=^^dÅi•_`•g\•gdnjudh\ O`ind]g` N`ndno`io`
?jio`id_j•`i•\bp\ Ag`q\_j)•5-*6-" >\ej)•.-*/2"•`i•`g•^`iomj
L`lp`Ä\n•kmjo`~i\n•njgp]g`n•`i•|^d_j• =pn`io`n Lm`n`io`
%kmj_p^oj•_`•gjn•b`i`n•iif$
kD•^dojkg\nh|od^j =gm`_`_jm•_`•kD•4 kD•2+2*3+-•%`i•`g•iÇ^g`j&
B db p m\ •1 +1 1 • Bg\b`gjn•]\^o`md\ijn+•Id^mjbm\a~\n•Åkod^\n•_`•
aop~iqhko•l]npe_qh]nao•k•]haf]noa•`a•ahhko•%bajÅiajko•`a* kmj^\mdjo\n•^ji•_da`m`io`•_dnkjnd^dÅi•ag\b`g\m+•H\n•^}gpg\n•n`•
jkiej]`ko•lY[lakegk%(•_kj•afailhko•l]npe_qh]nao•`a•aop]o• odÄ`mji•^ji•g\•odi^dÅi•_`•H`danji•k\m\•ag\b`gjn)•#W$•L`mdomd^\+
naolqaop]o•`a•_kilknp]ieajpk+ $Z% Ljg\m)•$[%•Hjajomd^\+
. - 3• Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
reoe^ha•lkn•ie_nko_kl~]•Ålpe_]•`aolq}o•`a•qj]•pej_eÅj• I]•`eolkoe_eÅj•`a•hko•bh]cahko•r]n~]•oacÇj•h]o•^]_pane]o+•
aola_e]h•mqa•]qiajp]•oq•`e|iapnk•%Cecqn]•1+11&+•Pej•ai* Bj•h]•QWLRPWLNTmY•[ZWL]"•hko•bh]cahko•oa•hk_]hev]j•aj•qjk
^]nck)•hko•bh]cahko•oa•k^oanr]j•b|_ehiajpa•lkn•ie_nko_k* k•]i^ko•atpnaiko•`a•h]•_}hqh]•%Cecqn]o•0*00Z•u•1+12]&+•Bj•
l~]•aha_pnÅje_]• %B db p m\ •1 +1 2 &+ k_]oekjao)•`a•qj•atpnaik•`a•h]•_}hqh]•lqa`a•oqncen•qj•la*
j]_dk•`a•bh]cahko)•`eolkoe_eÅj•mqa•oa•hh]i]•^dY_]dY[azf dg)•
^glja[Y•%`a•dg^gk(•lk_ko)•u •ljx]gk(•lahko&•%Cecqn]•1+11_&+•Bopa•
pelk•`a•bh]cah]_eÅj•oa•lqa`a•k^oanr]n•aj•_}hqh]o•rer]o•lkn•
ie_nko_kl~]•`a•_]ilk•ko_qnk• %B db p m\ • 1 +1 3 \ &)• `kj`a•hko•
bh]cahko•]l]na_aj•_h]nko•u •qje`ko•]•h]o•_}hqh]o•ok^na•qj•
bkj`k•ko_qnk+•Bj•lnk_]nekp]o•`a•cn]j•p]i]Äk•oa•lqa`aj•
ran•p]i^e}j•laj]_dko•`a•bh]cahko•lkn•ie_nko_kl~]•`a•_kj*
pn]opa•`a•b]oao•%Cecqn]•1+13Z%*•@q]j`k•hko•laj]_dko•`a•bh]*
cahko•]l]na_aj•aj•hko•`ko•lkhko•h]•bh]cah]_eÅj•oa•hh]i]•
Yf^alja[Y*•Mkn•kpn]•l]npa)•aj•h]•QWLRPWLNTmY•[P]T_]TNL•%Ce*
cqn]o•1+11Y•u•1+12b_&•hko•bh]cahko•oa•`eopne^quaj•lkn•r]neko•
hqc]nao•`a•h]•oqlanbe_ea•_ahqh]n•%h]ja(•]hna`a`kn&+•Bh•pelk•`a•
bh]cah]_eÅj)•lkh]n•k•lanepne_])•oa•qpehev]•]•iajq`k•_kik•
_nepanek•`a•_h]oebe_]_eÅj•^]_pane]j]+
?kljm[lmjY•^dY _ ] dY j
I]•bkni]•`a•hko•bh]cahko•jk•ao•na_p]•oejk•dahe_ke`]h•u •iqao*
pn]•qj]•`eop]j_e]•_kjop]jpa•ajpna•_]`]•`ko•rqahp]o•k•_qn*
r]pqn]o•]`u]_ajpao•mqa•oa•`ajkiej]•dgf_alm\ \] gf\Y•u •ao•
_kjop]jpa•l]n]•_]`]•knc]jeoik•%Cecqn]o•1+11*1+13&+•Bh•be*
h]iajpk•`a•hko•bh]cahko•^]_pane]jko•oa•_kilkja•`a•oq^q*
je`]`ao•`a•qj]•lnkpa~j]•hh]i]`]•QWLRPWTYL$•I]•bkni]•u•h]•
hkjcepq`• `a• kj`]• `a• qj• bh]cahk• aop|j•`apaniej]`]o• aj•
l]npa•lkn•h]•aopnq_pqn]•`a•h]•bh]cahej]•u•p]i^e}j•lkn•h]•`e*
na__eÅj•`a•nkp]_eÅj•`ah•beh]iajpk+•I]•oa_qaj_e]•`a•]ie*
B db p m\ •1 +1 2 • Bg\b`gjn•]\^o`md\ijn•j]n`mq\_jn•k j m•odi^dÅi•
i`b\odq\•`i•pi•hd^mjn^jkdj•`g`^omÅid^j•_`•om\inhdndÅi+ jk|_e`ko• `a• h]• bh]cahej]• aop|• iqu• _kjoanr]`]• aj• h]o•
#W$•Bg\b`gj•kjg\m•\dng\_j)•#X$•Bg\b`gjn•k`mdomd^jn+•=h]\n• aola_eao•`a•^]_pane]o)•ej`e_]j`k•mqa•h]•ikrehe`]`•bh]cah]n•
hd^mjbm\a~\n•^jmm`nkji_`i•\•^}gpg\n•_`•g\•]\^o`md\•ajoÅomja\• peaja•n]~_ao•arkhqper]o•iqu•lnkbqj`]o•aj•aopa•`kiejek+
L^eZeif_h_bbkc•Y[dj[dkc'•lp`•ijmh\gh`io`•km`n`io\•ag\b`g\^dÅi• Rj•bh]cahk•_kjop]•`a•r]neko•_kilkjajpao•u •oa•iqara•
kjg\m)•k`mj•lp`•]\ej•^d`mo\n•^ji_d^dji`n•_`•^m`^dhd`ioj•ajmh\• lkn•nkp]_eÅj+•I]•^]oa•`ah•bh]cahk•lnaoajp]•qj]•aopnq_pqn]•
^}gpg\n•^ji•ag\b`g\^dÅi•k`mdomd^\+•R`m•o\h]d}i•Bdbpm\•2+22]+ `ebanajpa•]•h]•`ah•beh]iajpk•%B db p m\ •1 +1 4 \ &+•Bj•h]•^]oa•`ah
B db p m\ •1 +1 3 • Bg\b`gjn•]\^o`md\ijn•j]n`mq\_jn•`i•^}gpg\n•qdq\n)•%\&•Id^mjbm\a~\•`i•^\hkj•jn^pmj•_`•]\^dgjn•^ji•pi•k`i\^cj•_`•
ag\b`gjn•`i•^\_\•kjgj+•?\_\•^}gpg\•od`i`•/•vsh•_`•\i^cj)• $Z%•Id^mjbm\a~\•_`•^jiom\no`•_`•a\n`n•_`•^}gpg\n•_`•g\•]\^o`md\•ajoÅomja\•mje\•
L^eZeif_h_bbkc•f^ejec [jh_Ykc•^ji•ag\b`gjn•gjajomd^jn•`i•pij•_`•npn•kjgjn+•?\_\•^}gpg\• hd_`•^`m^\•_`•0•s •0-•vF+h+
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• .-4
B db p m\ •1 +1 4 • Anomp^opm\•t •api^dÅi•_`g•ag\b`gj•`i•]\^o`md\n•
bm\hi`b\odq\n+•%\&•Anomp^opm\+• Ag•\idggj•Hn`•din`mo\•`i•g\•^\k\•_`•
HLO•t•`g•\idggj•L•`i•`g•k`kod_jbgd^\ij+•Ag•\idggj•IO•n`•\i^g\•`i•g\•
h`h]m\i\•^dojkg\nh|od^\•t•`g•\idggj•?•`i•`g•^dojkg\nh\+•Ai•`g•
adg\h`ioj•`sdno`•pi•`nom`^cj•^\i\g•\•om\q}n•_`g•^p\g•g\•ag\b`gdi\•
\g^\iu\•np•_`nodij•_pm\io`•g\•n~io`ndn•_`g•ag\b`gj+•H\n•kmjo`~i\n•
I jo•api^dji\i•^jhj•h jojm•ag\b`g\m•t•g\n•kmjo`~i\n•Bgd•^jinodopt`i•
`g•^jihpo\_jm•_`g• hjojm+•Ag•h jojm•ag\b`g\m•_`o`mhdi\•`g•bdmj•_`g•
adg\h`ioj•k\m\•kmjkpgn\m•\•g\•^}gpg\•\•om\q}n•_`g•h`_dj+• Ein`moj7•
hd^mjbm\a~\•`g`^omÅid^\•_`•om\inhdndÅi•_`•pi•^p`mkj•]\n\g•ag\b`g\m•
_`•NYdegf]ddY ]fl]ja[Y•^ji•gjn•\idggjn•h\m^\_jn)•$Z%•Bpi^dÅi+•L\m\•
`skgd^\m•g\•mjo\^dÅi•_`g•ag\b`gj•n`•c\•kmjkp`noj•pi•h j_`gj•_`•
èopm]di\•_`•kmjoji`nê+•Ag•agpej•_`•kmjoji`n•\•om\q}n•_`•g\•kmjo`~i\•
I jo•kp`_`•`e`m^`m•ap`mu\•nj]m`•g\n•^\mb\n•km`n`io`n•`i•gjn•\idggjn•
?•t •IO)•c\^d`i_j•bdm\m•`g•mjojm+•Id^mjbm\a~\•`g`^omÅid^\•ojh\_\•_`•
E* =Y[l]jag!* -4/631-1*31./•%/--.&+
_]l]•`a•lalpe`kche_]jk•`a•h]•l]na`•_ahqh]n•%Yfaddg K %(•u•
qj]•pan_an]•oanea•`a•]jehhko•ejpanjko•%hh]i]`ko•Yfaddgk HN•
q >&•mqa•oa•hk_]hev]j•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•u•aj•
ah•_epklh]oi])•naola_per]iajpa•%Cecqn]•1+14]&+•Bj•^]_pa*
ne]o•cn]ilkoeper]o)• mqa•_]na_aj•`a•iai^n]j]•atpanj])•
oÅhk•oa•lnaoajp]•ah•l]n•`a•]jehhko•ejpanjko+•>hna`a`kn•`ah•
]jehhk•i|o•ejpanjk)•u •]j_h]`]o•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]o*
i|pe_]•ateopaj•qj]•oanea•`a•lnkpa~j]o•hh]i]`]o•hjgl]xfYk•
Hgl*•Cej]hiajpa)•kpnk•_kjfqjpk•`a•lnkpa~j]o)•hh]i]`]o•
hjgl]xfYk Ada(•bqj_ekj]j•_kik•qj•_kjiqp]`kn•`ah•ikpkn•
bh]cah]n)•ejrenpeaj`k•h]•nkp]_eÅj•`ah•bh]cahk•aj•naolqaop]•]•
oaÄ]hao•ejpn]_ahqh]nao+
G g n ae a] f lg •^dY _ ] dY j
I`h]m\i\• Lmjo`~i\•Ijo• Lmjo`~i\n•Bgd• Lmjo`~i\•Ijo
^dojkg\nh|od^\• %^jihpo\_jm Bh•bh]cahk•ao•qj•lamqaÄk•ikpkn•nkp]pknek•mqa•bqj_ekj]•`a•
+• _`g•hjojm&• +
h]•oecqeajpa•i]jan]+• Iko•ikpknao•nkp]pkneko•peajaj•p~le*
_]iajpa•`ko•_kilkjajpao•lnej_el]hao7•ah•jglgj•u•ah•]klY)
lgj*•Bj•ah•ikpkn•bh]cah]n)•ah•nkpkn•aop|•_kilqaopk•lkn•ah•
afa•_ajpn]h•u •hko•]jehhko•I)•M)•@•u •JP+•Bj•_kjfqjpk)•aopko•
ahaiajpko•_kilkjaj•ah•_qanlk•^]o]h+•Bh•aop]pkn•aop|•na*
lnaoajp]`k•lkn•h]o•lnkpa~j]o•Jkp•mqa•nk`a]j•]h•_qanlk•
^]o]h•u •mqa•bqj_ekj]j•cajan]j`k•qj•l]n•`a•pknoeÅj+
Bh•ikreieajpk•nkp]pknek•`ah•bh]cahk•hk•lnklkn_ekj]•ah•
_qanlk•^]o]h+•I]•ajanc~]•namqane`]•l]n]•h]•nkp]_eÅj•lnk*
_a`a• `a• h]• bqanv]• i kpnev• `a• lnkpkjao• %nwYk]• Pa__eÅj
2+./&+•Bh•bhqfk•`a•lnkpkjao•]•pn]r}o•`a•h]•iai^n]j]•_epk*
lh]oi|pe_]•oa•na]hev]•lkn•ah•_kilhafk•Jkp•%Cecqn]•1+14&•
mqa•eilqho]•h]•nkp]_eÅj•`ah•bh]cahk+• Pa•aopei]•mqa•lkn•
_]`]• nkp]_eÅj• `ah• bh]cahk• oa• pn]johk_]j• ]lnktei]`]*
iajpa• .---•lnkpkjao+• Pa•`ao_kjk_a•aj•na]he`]`•_Åik•
k_qnna•aopk•_kj•`ap]hha+•Pej•ai^]nck)•oa•d]•lnklqaopk•qj•
ik`ahk•`a•çpqn^ej]•`a•lnkpkjaoé•l]n]•atlhe_]n•atlane*
beh]iajpk•ateopa•qj]•naceÅj•i|o•]j_d]•mqa•oa•hh]i]•_Yf) iajpko•ok^na•h]•bqj_eÅj•bh]cah]n•oacÇj•ah•_q]h•hko•lnkpk*
[`g(•mqa•_kjop]•`a•qj•pelk•Çje_k•`a•lnkpa~j]•u •_qu]•bqj* jao•mqa•bhquaj•lkn•_]j]hao•]•pn]r}o•`ah•aop]pkn•afan_aj•
_eÅj•ao•qjen•ah•beh]iajpk•]•h]•l]npa•ikpkn]•`ah•bh]cahk+ bqanv]o•aha_pnkop|pe_]o•ok^na•_]nc]o•`a•h]o•lnkpa~j]o•`ah•
Bh•e glgj•`ah• bh]cahk•oa•]j_h]• aj•h]•iai^n]j]•_epk* nkpkn•mqa•aop|j•`eolqaop]o•dahe_ke`]hiajpa+• I]o•]pn]_*
lh]oi|pe_]•u •aj•h]•l]na`•_ahqh]n•u•aop|•_kjopepqe`k•lkn•qj• _ekjao•ajpna•h]o•_]nc]o•lkoeper]o•u•jac]per]o•knecej]j•mqa•
afa•_ajpn]h•mqa•]pn]reao]•qj]•oanea•`a•]jehhko+• Bj•^]_pa* ah•_qanlk•^]o]h•nkpa•]•ia`e`]•mqa•hko•lnkpkjao•l]o]j•lkn•
ne]o•cn]ijac]per]o•ateopa•qj•]jehhk•atpanjk•mqa•aop|•]j* ah•aop]pkn•%Cecqn]•1+14ba&+• r r r +h d^ mj ] dj gj t k g\ ^ ` +^ j h •Pp*
_h]`k•aj•h]•_]l]•`a•helklkheo]_|ne`k•$Yfaddg G%(•kpnk•aj•h] oj md\ g• ji gdi ` •1 +.7• Ag•ag\ b ` gj •k mj ^ \ mdÅ od^ j +
. - 5• Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
P ] dg [ a\ Y \ • []dm dYj•q•e g n ae a] f lg
Iko•bh]cahko•jk•nkp]j•]•qj]•rahk_e`]`•_kjop]jpa•oejk•mqa•
lqa`aj•]qiajp]n•k•`eoiejqen•oq•rahk_e`]`•aj•bqj_eÅj•`a•
h]•lkpaj_e]•`a•h]•bqanv]•ikpnev•`a•lnkpkjao+•Mqa`aj•cen]n•
d]op]•]•0--•narkhq_ekjao•lkn•oacqj`k•u•`aolh]v]n•]•h]o•_}*
hqh]o•aj•ia`eko•h~mqe`ko•]•rahk_e`]`ao•oqlaneknao•]•3-•ra*
_ao•h]• hkjcepq`•`a•h]• _}hqh]•lkn•oacqj`k+• >qjmqa• aopk•
nalnaoajp]• okh]iajpa• -)---.4• gehÅiapnko• lkn• dkn])•
_q]j`k•oa•_kil]n]•aop]•rahk_e`]`•_kj•h]•`a•knc]jeoiko•
oqlaneknao•aj•_q]jpk•]h•jÇiank•`a•hkjcepq`ao•`a•`aolh]*
v]ieajpk•lkn•oacqj`k)•h]•rahk_e`]`•nah]per]•ao•ajknia+•
Bh•]jei]h•i|o•n|le`k)•ah•cqal]n`k)•]h_]jv]•qj]•rahk_e*
`]`•i|tei]•`a•Ö Ö Õ •gi,d)•lank•aopk•nalnaoajp]•okh]iajpa•
qj•`aolh]v]ieajpk•amqer]hajpa•]•/2•ra_ao•h]•hkjcepq`•`a•
oq• _qanlk• lkn•oacqj`k+• Mkn•p]jpk)• _q]j`k• oa•peaja•aj•
_qajp]•ah•p]i]Äk)•h]o•_}hqh]o•lnk_]neÅpe_]o•oa•`aolh]v]j•
B db p m\ •1 +1 5 • Bg\b`gjn•_`•\mlp`\n+• Id^mjbm\a~\•`g`^omÅid^\• aj•na]he`]`•i|o•n|le`]iajpa•mqa•hko•knc]jeoiko•`a•i]*
_`•om\inhdndÅi•_`•ag\b`gjn•\dng\_jn•_`•^}gpg\n•_`g•h`o\iÅb`ij• ukn•p]i]Äk+
G[j^WdeYeYYki•cWh_fWbkZ_i)•Qi•ag\b`gj•\dng\_j•km`n`io\• Iko•ikreieajpko•`a•knc]jeoiko•_kj•bh]cah]_eÅj•lkh]n
pi•bmjnjm•_`•Ö Ō •ih+ k•hkbkpne_]•okj•`ebanajpao•]•hko•`a•bh]cah]_eÅj•lanepne_])•u
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• .-6
oa•lqa`aj•`eopejcqen•lkn•k^oanr]_eÅj•ie_nko_Åle_]•% B d* / ) , . • G af aj j ] n ak a{ f
b p m\ • 1 +2 - &+• Iko•knc]jeoiko•_kj•bh]cah]_eÅj•lanepne_]•oa•
iqaraj•lkn•hk•cajan]h•hajp]iajpa•u •aj•h~ja]•na_p]•ieaj* ?f•dY•eYqgjxY•\ ] •dgk•ea[jggj_Yfake gk•dY•e gnada\Y\•k]•\]Z ]•
pn]o•mqa•hko•mqa•lkoaaj•bh]cah]_eÅj•lkh]n•oa•iqaraj•i|o• Y•dY•hj]k]f[aY•\]•^dY_]dg k)•?d•^dY_]dg•\ ] •dgk•hjg[YjaglYk•]k•
n|le`]iajpa•u•`]j•cenko•laneÅ`e_ko+•Bopa•`ebanajpa•_ki* mfY•]kljm[lmjY•[ge hd]bY•[ge hm]klY•hg j•nYjaYk•hjgl]xfYk'•
lknp]ieajpk•ajpna•]i^ko•pelko•u•h]o•`ebanaj_e]o•aj•h]•na* em[`Yk•\]•dYk•[mYd]k•k]•Yf[dYf•]f•dY•hYj]\•[]dmdYj•q•]f•dY•
ranoe^ehe`]`•`ah•bh]cahk•oa•ehqopn]j•aj•h]•Cecqn]•1+2-+ e ]e ZjYfY•[alghdYkevla[Y)•?d•^adYe ]flg•^dY_]dYj'•im ]•]klv•
I]•rahk_e`]`•`ah•ikreieajpk•aop|•`apaniej]`]•caj}* ^gje Y\g•hg j•mf•kgdg•lah g •\]•hjgl]xfY'•_ajY•Y•]ph]fkYk•\]•
pe_]iajpa• lknmqa• aola_eao• iÅrehao• `eopejp]o)• ej_hqok• dY•^m]jrY•e gljar•\]•hjglgf]k•im ]•aehmdkY•Yd•e glgj•^dY_]dYj)
_q]j`k•peajaj•ah•ieoik•p]i]Äk)•`ao]nnkhh]j•rahk_e`]`ao•
C• = ge hY j]•dg k•^dY_]dg k•\]•ZY[l]jaYk•q •\ ] •Yjim]Yk)
i|tei]o• `ebanajpao+• E]u• mqa• pajan• aj• _qajp]• mqa)•
_q]j`k•oa•k^oanr]•h]•_]l]_e`]`•`a•qj•knc]jeoik•l]n]• C• Ö= z e g •dg_jY•]d•^dY_]dg•ZY[l]jaYfg•im ]•mfY•[wdmdY•k]•
ikranoa•u • oa• ie`a• oq•rahk_e`]`• i|tei]• `a• `aolh]v]* em]nY• `Y[aY•Yljvk:•ÖK m w•]k•dY•^dY_]dafY•q•\ z f \ ] •k]•
ieajpk)•`a^aj•ailha]noa•_qhperko•fÅrajao)•lqao•h]o•_}hq* ]f[m]fljY:
h]o•lnk_a`ajpao•`a•_qhperko•reafko•]•iajq`k•_]na_aj•`a• C• Ö?f•im w•k]•\a^]j]f[aY•dY•^dY_]dY[azf• hgdYj•\ ] •dY•h]jalja[Y:
ikreieajpk•u •lqa`aj•]l]na_an•_kik•ejiÅrehao+
Bg\b`gjn•m`q`mnd]g`n
Rjgo`m`o\•ë• aq • .x x Ö ;• ,q
gjn•ag\b`gjn•n`• , X t X = = , F +
Z • ,X• n`k\m\i• UD
D r • %mjo\^dÅi•`i•`g• Njo\^dÅi•^jiom\md\• Njo\^dÅi•`i
n`iod_j•_`•g\n• \•g\n•\bpe\n•_`g•m`gje• _`•g\n•\bpe\8
*
\bpe\n•_`g•m`gje&• Bv\b`v-O•pid_dm`^^dji\g`n• =
.j ^
7 V Ö Ç• ,J• ^+• d• +• H\•^}gpg\• '
> \ b ` o` ` i k ` h ^ oj • QZ• • n`•_`od`i` H\•^}gpg\
UÇ • %mjo\^dÅi•^jiom\md\• Njo\^dji•`i•`g•n`iod_j• t•n`• ç
q • \•g\n•\bpe\n•_`g•m`gje&• _`•g\n•\bpe\n•_`g•m`gje• m`jmd`io\• Njo\^dÅi•`i•`g•n`iod_j
#W$• L`mdomd^\• #X$• Ljg\m• _`•g\n•\bpe\n•_`g•m`gje
1 +. 1 • I j q dgd_ \ _ • k j m •_ ` n gdu \ h d` i oj
>hcqjko•lnk_]nekp]o•okj•iÅrehao•]qjmqa•_]na_aj•`a•bh]*
cahko+•Bop]o•^]_pane]o•oa•iqaraj•ok^na•oqlanbe_eao•oÅhe*
`]o•ia`e]jpa•qj•ia_]jeoik•`a•\]kdarYea]flg*• > •`eba*
naj_e]•`a•h]•ikrehe`]`•`a^e`]•]•hko•bh]cahko)•aj•h]•mqa•h]o•
_}hqh]o•lqa`aj•`apajanoa•a•eje_e]n•qj]•jqar]•`ena__eÅj)•
h]•ikrehe`]`•lkn•`aohev]ieajpk•ao•qj]•bkni]•i|o•hajp]•
`a•`aolh]v]ieajpk•mqa•jkni]hiajpa•k_qnna• `a•i]jan]•
heja]h•oecqeaj`k•ah•afa•i]ukn•`a•h]•_}hqh]+• Bopa•pelk•`a•
ikreieajpk•aop|•iqu•`eopne^qe`k•aj•ah•`kiejek•=Y[l]jaY•
lank•oÅhk•oa•d]•aopq`e]`k•_kj•`ap]hha•aj•qjko•_q]jpko•
cnqlko+•>qjmqa•h]•ikrehe`]`•lkn•`aohev]ieajpk•ao•_kj*
oe`an]^haiajpa•i|o•hajp]•%d]op]• Ö Õ •wei,oacqj`k•aj•]h*
cqj]o•^]_pane]o•`aohev]jpao&• mqa•h]•lnklqho]`]•lkn•bh]*
cahko)• oqlkja•l]n]•h]• _}hqh]•qj•ia`ek•mqa•ha• laniepa•
atlhkn]n•oq•d|^ep]p+
Iko• lnk_]nekp]o• mqa• oa• iqaraj• lkn• `aohev]ieajpk•
oqahaj•oan•_}hqh]o•beh]iajpko]o•k•^]_eh]nao•%B db p m\ • 1 +2 . &•
u •ah•lnk_aok•namqeana•mqa•ateop]•_kjp]_pk•ajpna•h]o•_}hq*
h]o•u•qj]•oqlanbe_ea•oÅhe`]+•I]•iknbkhkc~]•p~le_]•`a•qj]•
_khkje]•`a•^]_pane]o•`aohev]jpao•ao•la_qhe]n•lknmqa•h]o•
_}hqh]o•oa•iqaraj•u •oa•`aolh]v]j•`ah•_ajpnk•`a•h]•_khkje]•
%Cecqn]•1+2._&+•Oa_q}n`aoa•mqa•qj]•_khkje]•ao•qj]•i]o]•
`a•_}hqh]o•^]_pane]j]o•mqa•oa•knecej]j•lkn•h]•`ereoeÅj•oq*
_aoer]•`a•qj]•_}hqh]•eje_e]h•%nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•2+0&+•I]o•^]_*
pane]o•`aohev]jpao•i|o•_kjk_e`]o•okj•h]o•_e]jk^]_pane]o•
%Cecqn]•1+2.])•Z7 nwYk]•Pa__eÅj• .3+4&)•]hcqj]o•=Y[l]jaY•
cn]ijac]per]o•_kik•Hqpg[g[[mk•u•kpn]o•ietk^]_pane]o•
$nwYk]•Pa__eÅj•.2+.4&)•]o~•_kik•aola_eao•`a•>qlgh`Y_Y•u•
`a• AdYngZY[l]jame• %Cecqn]• 1+2h a ) nwYfk]• Pa__ekjao•
.3+./•u•.3+.1&+
Bopk•oecjebe_]•mqa•ah•_kilhafk•`a•]`daoeÅj•oa•iqara•aj• _kilhap]n•qj•_e_hk•`a•re`]•iqu•ah]^kn]`k•%nwYk]•Pa_*
`ena__eÅj•klqaop]• ]•h]• _}hqh])• lnk^]^haiajpa•eilqh* _eÅj• .2+.4&+
o]`]•lkn•]hcÇj•pelk• `a•ikrehe`]`•_epklh]oi|pe_]•nah]*
_ekj]`]•_kj•ah•_epkaomqahapk•`a•h]•_}hqh]•%nwYk]•Pa__eÅj / ) , / • G af aj j ] n ak a{ f
3+0&+•Bop]o•`ko•bkni]o•`a•ikrehe`]`•oa•lqa`aj•atlnao]n•
oeiqhp|ja]iajpa•u •aop|j•`a•]hcqj]•i]jan]•_kkn`ej]* H\n•]\^o`md\n•l p`•n`•_`nkg\u\i•k j m•_`ngdu\h d`ioj•ij•
`]o•aj•naolqaop]•]•`eopejp]o•oaÄ]hao•]i^eajp]hao•%Pa_* `h kg`\i•ag\b `gj n•ndij•lp`•n`•h p`q`i•nj]m`•npk`mad^d`n•
_eÅj•1+.2&+ nÅgd_\n•k j m•q\mdjn•h `^\idnhjn•kjnd]g`n+
Bj•kpn]•^]_pane]•`aohev]jpa)•AdYngZY[l]jame bg`fkg)•
E • çMp}•h`^\idnhjn•t •m`lpdndojn•_ da`m`i^d\i•g\•h jqdgd_\_•
faY]•%Cecqn]•1+2._&)•ah•ia_]jeoik•ao•`eopejpk)•lqao•h]o•_}*
k j m•ag\b`gjn•_`•g\•h jqdgd_\_•k j m•_`ngdu\h d`ioj<
hqh]o•jk•oa_nap]j•oqop]j_e]•iq_ko]•u •_]na_aj•`a•lahko•`a•
pelk•FS+•Bh•ia_]jeoik•`a•`aohev]ieajpk•lnk^]^haiajpa• E • ? jh k\m`•`g• h`^\idnh j•_ ` •_`ngdu\h d`ioj•_`•pi\•
oa•`a^]•]h•ikreieajpk•`a•lnkpa~j]o•`a•h]•oqlanbe_ea•`a•h]• ^d\ij]\^o`md\•adg\h `iojn\•^ji•`g• _`• @bWleXWYj[h_kc )
_}hqh]+•Bj•A* bg`fkgfaY]•ateopaj•lnkpa~j]o•aola_~be_]o•]j*
_h]`]o•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•u•aj•h]•iai^n]j]•
atpanj]•mqa•oa•leajo]•mqa•eilqho]j•]•h]•_}hqh]•d]_e]•`a*
h]jpa•lkn•qj•ia_]jeoik•oaiaf]jpa•]•qj]•_]`aj]•_kjpe* 1 +. 2 • Ag• h j q dh d` i oj • ^ ` gp g\ m• ^ j h j •
jq]• %Cecqn]• 1+2/&+• Bh• ikreieajpk• `a• h]o• lnkpa~j]o• [ • m` n k p ` n o\ • n`i n j md\ g7• o\ ^ odn h j n •
aola_~be_]o• `a• h]• iai^n]j]• _epklh]oi|pe_]• lqa`a• `a* h d^ mj ] d\ i j n
^anoa•]•h]•ajanc~]•`a•h]•bqanv]•ikpnev•`a•lnkpkjao•%nwYk]•
Pa__eÅj•2+./&•mqa•`a•]hcÇj•ik`k•oa•pn]joiepa•p]i^e}j•]• Bj•h]•j]pqn]hav]•hko•lnk_]nekp]o•oa•aj_qajpn]j•]•iajq`k•
h]o•lnkpa~j]o•`a•h]•iai^n]j]•atpanj]•eilhe_]`]o•aj•ah• aj•lnaoaj_e]•`a•cn]`eajpao•`a•]cajpao•b~oe_ko•u•mq~ie_ko•
lnk_aok+•Pa•ejpanlnap]•mqa•ah•ikreieajpk•`a•aop]o•lnkpa~* u•d]j•arkhq_ekj]`k•l]n]•naolkj`an•`a•ik`k•lkoeperk•k•
j]o•ok^na•h]•oqlanbe_ea•oÅhe`]•iqara•h]•_}hqh]•d]_e]•`a* jac]perk•]•aop]o•r]ne]^hao)•`eneceaj`k•ah•ikreieajpk•d]*
h]jpa•%Cecqn]•1+2/&+ _e]•h]•ikh}_qh]•mqa•]_pÇ]•_kik•oaÄ]h•k•aj•oajpe`k•_kj*
@kik• kpnko•ik`ko•`a•ikrehe`]`)• ah•`aohev]ieajpk• pn]nek+• Bopko• ikreieajpko• `enece`ko• oa• `ajkiej]j•
peaja•qj]•eilknp]jpa•oecjebe_]_eÅj•a_khÅce_])•lqao•lan* lY[lakegk*•I]•mqeiekp]teo•ao•h]•naolqaop]•]•]cajpao•mq~*
iepa•]•h]o•_}hqh]o• atlhkp]n•jqarko• na_qnoko•a•ejpan]_*• ie_ko•u •h]•bkpkp]teo•ao•h]•naolqaop]•]•h]•hqv8•]i^]o•nao*
_ekj]n•_kj•kpn]o•_}hqh]o+•>•aopa•naola_pk)•ao•ejpanao]jpa• lqaop]o•okj•afailhko•^eaj•_kjk_e`ko•`a•p]_peoiko+•>mq~•
`aop]_]n•mqa•]hcqj]o•ietk^]_pane]o)•_kik•Hqpg[g[[mk• aopq`e]naiko•h]o•p]_peoiko•`a•qj•ik`k•cajan]h+•Bj•h]•
pYfl`mk(•peajaj•qj•ik`k•`a•re`]•iqu•ok_e]h•u •_kkla* Pa__eÅj•6+4•at]iej]naiko•ah•ia_]jeoik•`a•mqeiekp]teo•
n]perk+• Bj• aop]o• ^]_pane]o)• h]• ikrehe`]`• lkn• `aohev]* u•oq•nacqh]_eÅj•aj•@k[`]ja[`aY [gda(•mqa•ao•qj•ik`ahk•`a•
ieajpk•lqa`a•fqc]n•qj•l]lah• aoaj_e]h•l]n]•aop]^ha_an• aopq`ek•l]n]•hko•p]_peoiko•`a•hko•lnk_]nekp]o+
h]o•nah]_ekjao•_}hqh]*]*_}hqh]•mqa•okj•ja_ao]ne]o•l]n] I]•mqeiekp]teo•oa•d]•aopq`e]`k•_kj•`ap]hha•aj•^]_pa*
ne]o• bh]cah]`]o• u • oa• _kjk_a• ^]op]jpa• ]• jerah• caj}pe_k•
]_an_]• `a•_Åik• oa•pn]joiepa• ah• aop]`k•`ah• ia`ek• ]i*
^eajp]h•atpanjk•]h•_kjfqjpk•bh]cah]n+•Kqaopn]•atlkoe_eÅj•
]mq~•pn]p]n|•okh]iajpa•`a•^]_pane]o•bh]cah]`]o)•]qjmqa•]h*
cqj]o•^]_pane]o•`aohev]jpao•%Pa__eÅj•1+.1&•okj•p]i^e}j•
mqeiekp|_pe_]o•u •d]u•_e]jk^]_pane]o•beh]iajpko]o•mqa•okj•
bkpkp|_pe_]o•%Cecqn]•1+2•DZ%*•>`ai|o)•]qjmqa•lanpaja_aj•]•
qj•`kiejek•arkhqperk•`eopejpk)• iq_d]o•aola_eao•`a•<j)
[`Y]Y•okj•p]i^e}j•mqeiekp|_pe_]o)•u•iq_d]o•lnkpa~j]o•
mqa•_kjpnkh]j•h]•mqeiekp]teo•aj•=Y[l]jaY•aop|j•p]i^e}j•
lnaoajpao•aj•<j[`Y]Y*
K m ae ag lYp ak
Dn]j•l]npa•`a•h]•ejraopec]_eÅj•na]hev]`]•ok^na•mqeiekp]*
teo•oa•d]•hhar]`k•]•_]^k•_kj•h]•^]_pane]•@* [gda(•mqa•peaja•
bh]cah]_eÅj•lanepne_]+• M]n]•_kilnaj`an•_Åik•]ba_p]•h]•
mqeiekp]teo•]•@* [gda•`a^aiko•_ajpn]iko•aj•ah•_kilkn*
B db p m\ •1 +2 / • I jqdgd_\_•k j m•_`ngdu\h d`ioj•`i•
p]ieajpk•`a•qj]•_}hqh]•ajbnajp]`]•]•qj•cn]`eajpa•mq~*
@bWleXWYj[h_kc •`e^died_W[)•O`•kd`in\•lp`•`i•`g•k`kod_jbgd^\ij•
`sdno`i•`ib\i^c`n•%\h\mdggj&•lp`•^ji`^o\i•kmjo`~i\n•_`g•
ie_k•`a•qj]•oqop]j_e]•%Cecqn]•1+20&+•Bj•]qoaj_e]•`a•qj•
^dojkg\nh\•%h\mmÅi&•^ji•kmjo`~i\n•_`•g\•h`h]m\i\•`so`mi\• cn]`eajpa)•h]o•_}hqh]o•`a•@* [gda•oa•iqaraj•]h•]v]n•u•na]he*
%i\m\ie\&•t •g\n•dhkpgn\i•\•gj•g\mbj•_`•pi\•npk`mad^d`•nÅgd_\+• v]j•[Yjj]jYk•ia`e]jpa•h]o•_q]hao•oa•`aolh]v]j•d]_e]•`a*
=_qd}mo\n`•lp`•gjn•n`iod_jn•_`•hjqdhd`ioj•_`•g\n•kmjo`~i\n•_`•g\• h]jpa•`a•qj]•bkni]•oq]ra)•u•p]i^e}j•lmeZgk(•ia`e]jpa•
h`h]m\i\•`so`mi\•t •`g•_`•g\•kmjkd\•^}gpg\•nji•jkp`nojn+ hko•_q]hao•h]•_}hqh]•oa•l]n]•u•_]i^e]•`a•`ena__eÅj•cen]j`k
../ Q J E@ = @ • .• E • L mdi^dk dj n•_ ` • h d^ mj ] dj gj b ~\
iejqua•k•]qiajp]•ah•cn]`eajpa•`a•qj]•nalahajpa)•h]o•_}*
hqh]o•oa•l]n]j•u•nakneajp]j•oq•ikreieajpk+•Ja`e]jpa•na*
kneajp]_ekjao• ]ha]pkne]o)• qj]• _}hqh]• lqa`a• bej]hiajpa•
oacqen•qj]•pn]ua_pkne]•d]_e]•h]•oqop]j_e]•]pn]uajpa•u•i]j*
pajan•h]•_]nnan]•d]op]•mqa•oqo•mqeieknna_alpknao•aop}j•o]*
pqn]`ko•k•_kieaj_aj•]•oajpen•mqa•`ao_eaj`a•ah•jerah•`a•
_kj_ajpn]_eÅj•`a•h]•oqop]j_e]•]pn]uajpa+
^gZglYpak(•oÅhk•lqa`a•k^oanr]noa•ie_nko_Åle_]iajpa•u•oa•
lnk`q_a•_q]j`k•qj]•^]_pane]•bkpÅpnkb]•oa•`aolh]v]•lkn•
]v]n•bqan]•`ah•_]ilk•`a•ehqiej]_eÅj•`ah•ie_nko_klek•d]*
_e]• h]• ko_qne`]`+• I]• ajpn]`]• aj• h]• vkj]• `a• ko_qne`]`•
]ba_p]•]h•aop]`k•ajanc}pe_k•`a•h]•_}hqh]•u•aopk•`apaniej]•
mqa•na]he_a•qj• pqi^k)•ejreanp]•h]•`ena__eÅj•u•oa•`aolh]_a•
`a•jqark•aj•qj]•_]nnan])•rkhreaj`k•]•ajpn]n•kpn]•rav•aj•
h]•hqv+
I]•ran`]`an]•bkpkp]teo•`ebeana•`a•h]•ao_kpkbk^kp]teo•u•
ao•]j|hkc]•]•h]•mqeiekp]teo•at_alpk•aj•mqa•ah•]pn]uajpa•ao•
aj•aopa•_]ok•h]•hqv•aj•rav•`a•qj]•oqop]j_e]•mq~ie_]+•Bj•]h*
cqj]o•aola_eao)•_kik•ah•bkpÅpnkbk•M`g\gkhajaddme []fl])
fme•%Cecqn]•1+12&)•mqa•ao•iqu•iÅreh)•h]o•_khkje]o•ajpan]o•
iqaopn]j•bkpkp]teo•u•pk`]o•h]o•_}hqh]o•oa•`aolh]v]j•]h•qj~*
okjk•d]_e]•h]•hqv•%Cecqn]•1+22b_&+
>hcqjko•_kilkjajpao•`ah•oeopai]•`a•nacqh]_eÅj•mqa•
Hpu
_kjpnkh]•h]•mqeiekp]teo•l]npe_el]j•p]i^e}j•`ah•_kjpnkh•
`a•h]•bkpkp]teo+•Bop]•are`aj_e]•`aner]•`a•aopq`eko•na]hev]*
`ko•_kj•iqp]jpao•`a•^]_pane]o•bkpÅpnkb]o•`abe_eajpao•aj•
h]• bkpkp]teo)• mqa• iqaopn]j•p]i^e}j• `abe_eaj_e]o• aj•h]•
mqeiekp]teo+•Bh•oajokn•eje_e]h•aj•h]•naolqaop]•bkpkp|_pe_]•
ao•qj•^glgjj][]hlgj(•qj]•lnkpa~j]•]j|hkc]•]h•mqeieknna*•
_alpkn•lank•mqa•`apa_p]•qj•cn]`eajpa•`a•hqv•aj•rav•`a•qj•
cn]`eajpa•mq~ie_k+• Ae_dk•bkpknna_alpkn•aop]^ha_a•hqack•
_kjp]_pko•_kj•h]o•ieoi]o•lnkpa~j]o•_epklh]oi|pe_]o•mqa•
•i
õ _kjpnkh]j•h]•nkp]_eÅj•bh]cah]n•aj•h]•mqeiekp]teo)•i]jpa*
jeaj`k•]•h]•_}hqh]•aj•ie•ikreieajpk•`a•_]nnan]•oe•oa•`ao*
Ö• F
lh]v]•d]_e]•qj]•ejpajoe`]`•`a•hqv•_na_eajpa+• Mkn•p]jpk)•
-• .• /•
]qjmqa•ah•aop~iqhk•oa]•`ebanajpa•aj•h]•bkpkp]teo•u •aj•h]•
Pd`hkj•%c&
mqeiekp]teo)• oa•qpehev]•h]•ieoi]•i]mqej]ne]•ikha_qh]n•
#X$
aj•ah•_epklh]oi]•l]n]•lnk_ao]n•]i^]o•oaÄ]hao+•Bj•h]•Pa_*
B db p m\ •1 +2 2 • Bjojo\sdn•`i•]\^o`md\n•ajoÅomj a\ n+ _eÅj• 6+4• lnaoajp]iko• aop]• i]mqej]ne]• _epklh]oi|pe_]•
#W$ =^phpg\^dÅi•`n^jojaÅ]d^\•_`•g\•]\^o`md\•aj ojomja\•mje\• _kj•`ap]hha+
N^_eif_h_bbkc `[d[di[•\•gjibdop_`n•_`•ji_\•_`•gpu•`i•lp`•npn•
kdbh`iojn•\]njm]`i•g\•`i`mb~\•gphdijn\+•Qi•`nk`^omj•_`•gpu•n`•
I ljg k • lY[lake gk
kmjt`^oÅ•nj]m`•pi•kjmo\•^ji•pi\•npnk`indÅi•_`in\•_`•]\^o`md\n•
t)•\g•^\]j•_`•pi•od`h kj)•n`•ajojbm\adÅ•g\•\^phpg\^dÅi•n`g`^odq\•_`• Bjpna•hko•lnk_]nekp]o•_kj•ikreieajpk•oa•_kjk_aj•kpnko•
g\n•^}gpg\n+•H\n•gjibdop_`n•_`•ji_\•\•g\n•lp`•n`•kmj_p^`i•gjn• p]_peoiko)• _kik• ah• ]_an_]ieajpk•k•]haf]ieajpk• ]h•kt~*
\^Çhpgjn•^jdi^d_`i•^ji•\lp`gg\n•\•g\n•lp`•\]njm]`•gpu•g\• cajk•%Y]jglYpak)•nwYk]•Cecqn]•1+21^%(•k•h]•]lnktei]_eÅj•k•
]\^o`mdj^gjmjadg\•\•%^jhk\m\m•^ji•Bdbpm\•/-+0]&+•#X$•Bjojo\sdn•_`•
dqe`]•`a•_kj`e_ekjao•`a•ahar]`]•bqanv]•eÅje_]•%gkeglY)•
pi\•^jgjid\•^jhkg`o\•_`•g\•]\^o`md\•mje\•ajoÅomja\•L^eZeif_h_bbkc•
pak%*•@kik•h]•mqeiekp]teo•u •h]•bkpkp]teo)•}op]o•okj•bkni]o•
Y[dj[dkc)•Ano\n•^}gpg\n)•lp`•nji•dio`in\h`io`•ajojo|^od^\n)•n`•
`a•_kilknp]ieajpk•mqa•k^a`a_aj•]•qj•ia_]jeoik•ik*
_`nkg\u\i•_`•h j_j•ndhpgo|i`j•c\^d\•g\•ap`io`•gphdijn\•^jgj^\_\•
\mmd]\+•R}\n`•`i•g\•Bdbpm\•1+12•pi\•hd^mjbm\a~\•`g`^omÅid^\•_`• ha_qh]n•_kiÇj•mqa•_kjpnkh]•_]`]•qj]•`a•h]o•naolqaop]o+•
^}gpg\n•_`•L) Y[dj[dkc) I]o•_}hqh]o•iqaopna]j•laneÅ`e_]iajpa•oq•ie_nk]i^eajpa•
l]n]•`apa_p]n•_kilqaopko•mq~ie_ko)•hqv)•kt~cajk)•o]h•q•
peaja•h]•rajp]f]•`a•laniepen•mqa•qj•ie_nkknc]jeoik•bk* kpn]o•oqop]j_e]o)•u•lnk_ao]j•`aolq}o•ah•naoqhp]`k•]•pn]r}o•
pÅpnkbk•oa•kneajpa•]`a_q]`]iajpa•l]n]•na]hev]n•qj]•bkpk* `a•qj•_]`aj]•`a•lnkpa~j]o•mqa•_kjpnkh]•h]•`ena__eÅj•`a•h]•
o~jpaoeo•abe_]v+•Bopk•lqa`a•ranoa•_kj•b]_ehe`]`•oe•oa•d]_a• nkp]_eÅj•`ah•bh]cahk+•Bj•]hcqj]o•_e]jk^]_pane]o•`aohev]j*
ej_e`en•qj•aola_pnk•`a•hqv•]•pn]r}o•`a•qj]•lnal]n]_eÅj• pao•%Cecqn]•1+2.•Y (Z%•k_qnna•qj•p]_peoik•lk_k•_kiÇj)•h]•
ie_nko_Åle_]•ok^na•qj•lknp]•`kj`a•ateopaj•^]_pane]o•bk* `a\jglYpak(•mqa•laniepa•]•h]o•_}hqh]o•mqa•aop|j•aj•ia`eko•
pÅpnkb]o•iÅrehao+•I]o•^]_pane]o•oa•]_qiqh]j•aj•]mqahh]o• `aoa_]`ko)•_kik•oqahko)•`aolh]v]noa•lkn•qj•cn]`eajpa•`a•
hkjcepq`ao•`a•kj`]•aj•h]o•mqa•oqo•leciajpko•bkpkoejp}pe*• de`n]p]_eÅj•_na_eajpa+
_ko• okj•_]l]_ao• `a•_]lp]n•h]• ajanc~]• `a•h]•hqv• %B db p m\ • Qn]o•ah•pn]p]ieajpk•`a`e_]`k•]•h]o•p]te]o•ie_nk^e]j]o•
1 +2 2 \ 8• hko• leciajpko• bkpkoejp}pe_ko• oa• aopq`e]j• aj•h]o• oa•hhac]•]•h]•_kj_hqoeÅj•`a•mqa•hko•lnk_]nekp]o•iÅrehao•jk•
Pa__ekjao•/-+.*/-+2&+ oa•`aolh]v]j•lkn•oqo•ia`eko•`a•ik`k•]ha]pknek)•oejk•mqa•
Bj•h]o•^]_pane]o•bkpÅpnkb]o•ateopaj•`ko•p]_peoiko•`eo* aop|j•bej]iajpa•]fqop]`ko•]h•aop]`k•b~oe_k•u •mq~ie_k•`a•
pejpko•nah]_ekj]`ko•_kj•h]•hqv+•Rjk)•`ajkiej]`k•]k[glg) oq•d|^ep]p+•Iko•]j|heoeo•nacqh]nao•u•laneÅ`e_ko•mqa•na]he*
? \ k ~op gj •1 • E • Anomp ^opm\•t •ap i ^ dÅ i • ^` gp g\ m•`i• >\^o`md\n•t •= mlp `\ n• ..2
h
ñ_e`k•`ele_kh~je_k7•oqop]j_e]•aola_~be_]•`a• iai^n]j]•atpanj]•_kilqaop]•lkn• _epklh]oi|pe_]•u •h]•oqlanbe_ea•ejpanj]•`a•
h]o•aj`kolkn]o•mqa•_kjbeana• helklkheo]_|ne`k)•helklnkpa~j]•u •kpn]o• h]•_]l]•`a•helklkheo]_|ne`k•`a•=Y[l]jaY•
paniknnaoeopaj_e]•]•aop]o•aopnq_pqn]o+ i]_nkikh}_qh]o•_kilhaf]o+ cn]ijac]per]o+
ñ_e`k•pae_ke_k7•lkhe]h_kdkh•bkobkneh]`k•`a• Dn]ilkoeper]7•_}hqh]•lnk_]neÅpe_]•_qu]• Mkhe*M*de`nkte^qpen]pk•%ME?&7•i]pane]h•
h]•l]na`•_ahqh]n•`a•]hcqj]o•aola_eao•`a• l]na`•_ahqh]n•_kjpeaja• `a•naoanr]•lnaoajpa•aj•lnk_]nekp]o•
=Y[l]jaY•cn]ilkoeper]o+ bqj`]iajp]hiajpa•lalpe`kche_]jk•u• _kilqaopk•lkn•qj•lkh~iank•
@]l]•P7•_]l]•oqlanbe_e]h•i|o•atpanj]•`a•h]• _]na_a•`a•h]•iai^n]j]•atpanj]•`a•h]o• `a•wG*de`nkte^qpen]pk•k•`a•kpnk•pelk•
_}hqh]•bkni]`]•lkn•lnkpa~j]o•u• _}hqh]o•cn]ijac]per]o+ `a•w2*]h_]jk]pk+
che_klnkpa~j]o•mqa•]l]na_a•aj•]hcqj]o• Ielklkheo]_|ne`k•%IMP&7•_kilhafk•`a• Mnkpklh]opk7•_}hqh]•`aolnkreop]•`a•
=Y[l]jaY q <j[`Y]Y* h~le`k•u •lkheo]_|ne`k•fqjpk•_kj•lnkpa~j]• l]na`•_ahqh]n•u•koiÅpe_]iajpa•
@|loqh]7•_]l]•atpanj]•lkheo]_]n~`e_]•k• mqa•bkni]•h]•lnej_el]h•naceÅj•`a•h]• aop]^ehev]`]+
lnkpae_])•jkni]hiajpa•reo_ko])•`a• iai^n]j]•atpanj]•`a•h]o•^]_pane]o• Nqeiekp]teo7•ikreieajpk•`enece`k•`a•qj•
]hcqj]o•^]_pane]o+ cn]ijac]per]o+ knc]jeoik•d]_e]•%mqeiekp]teo•lkoeper]&•k•
J]cjapkoki]7•l]np~_qh]•`a•i]cjapep]• aj•_kjpn]•%mqeiekp]teo•jac]per]&•`a•qj•
@qanlk•^]o]h7•h]•lkn_eÅj•ikpkn]•`ah•
%Ca0- 1& •nk`a]`]•lkn•qj]•iai^n]j]•jk• cn]`eajpa•mq~ie_k+
bh]cahk•^]_pane]jk•mqa•aop|•ejoanp]`]•aj•
qjep]ne]•aj•h]o•=Y[l]jaY•i]cjapkp|_pe_]o+
h]•iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•u •aj•h]• Peopai]•`a•pn]jolknpa•>?@7•oeopai]•
l]na`•_ahqh]n+ Jai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]7•^]nnan]•`a• `a•pn]jolknpa•`a•iai^n]j]•mqa•
lania]^ehe`]`•_ahqh]n•mqa•oal]n]•ah• _kilnaj`a•pnao•lnkpa~j]o)•qj]•
Bj`kolkn]7•aopnq_pqn]•`ebanaj_e]`]•`a•
_epklh]oi]•`ah•ia`ek+ `a•h]o•_q]hao•de`nkhev]•>QM)•mqa•
]hcqj]o•=Y[l]jaY•cn]ilkoeper]o)•iqu•
naoeopajpa•]h•_]hkn•u•_kj•_q^eanp]• Jai^n]j]•atpanj]7•qje`]`•`a•iai^n]j]• ejpnk`q_a•jqpneajpao•aola_~be_ko•aj•h]•
cnqao]+ mqa•_kjpeaja•bkobkh~le`ko•u •lkheo]_|ne`ko• _}hqh]+
u •mqa•oa•aj_qajpn]•lkn•bqan]•`a•h]•_]l]• Peopai]•`a•pn]jolknpa•oeilha7
Bopankh7•ikh}_qh]•de`nkbÅ^e_]•`a
`a•lalpe`kche_]jk•aj•=Y[l]jaY• pn]jolknp]`kn•mqa•_kjoeopa•okh]iajpa•aj•
j]pqn]hav]•dapank_b_he_]•mqa•nabqanv]•h]•
cn]ijac]per]o+ qj]•lnkpa~j]•pn]joiai^n]j]h•u •mqa•lkn
iai^n]j]•_epklh]oi|pe_]•`a•h]o•_}hqh]o•
aq_]neÅpe_]o•u •`a•qj]o•lk_]o• Jknbkhkc~]7•h]•bkni]•`a•qj]•_}hqh])•_k_k)• hk•cajan]h•`alaj`a•`a•h]•ajanc~]•`a•h]•
lnk_]neÅpe_]o+ ^]_ehk)•aolenehk)•ap_+ bqanv]•ikpnev•`a•lnkpkjao+