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84
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@E=FID79@zE ;<C 7IK@9LCF
@np- Qa_e^e`k 1/.0/.03 Dh neack lkn ]olanoe j oa ]lhe_] ah ]cq] aj oqahk ]olanf]`k+ k bn]__ekj]j`k ah _]q`]h aj ckp]o h]o
@np- @_alp]`k 0/./3.04 ieoi]o mqa dqia`a_aj ah pannajk ]h peailk mqa ]h_]jv]j h] oqlanbe_ea `ah ieoik- Ra pn]p] `a qj
GgT^[USVa3 2/./3.04 i pk`k `a neack ia_]jev]`k+ mqa ]oacqn] qj lna_eok _kjpnkh `a h] h iej] `a ]cq] ]lhe_]`] aj bqj_e j
`a h]o _kj`e_ekjao a`]bk,_hei pe_]o u `a _qhperk u ]`ai o laniepa qj] ]`a_q]`] pa_jebe_]_e j `a h]
ln _pe_] `ah neack- K] iapk`khkc] lnklqaop] ao ia`e]jpa ah neack ]qpki]pev]`k u _kjpnkh]`k r] sa^+
G7C78I7J 9C7M<3 mqa ]oacqn] qj lna_eok _kjpnkh `a h] h iej] `a ]cq] ]lhe_]`] aj bqj_e j `a h]o _kj`e_ekjao _hei pe_]o
) Qeack pa_jebe_]`k
u `a _qhperk mqa ]`ai o laniepa qj] ]`a_q]`] pa_jebe_]_e j `a h] ln _pe_] `ah neack- O]n] hhar]n ]`ah]jpa
) Hjpanjap
) VDA h] _kjate j `ah amqelk paniej]h r] ejpanjap oa qpehev h] pa_jkhkc] `ah ]n`qejk+ '@QCTHMN,QDE-+ 1/01(+
)@olanoe j mqa oeilhebe_ h]o _kj`e_ekjao `a lnkcn]i]_e j u _kjpnkh `ah oeopai]-
) Sa_jkhkc] `ah @n`qejk
Dj h] ]_pq]he`]` ] iq_d]o lanokj]o hao cqop] pajan u] oa] qj ;WeUd[bU[ ` VW^ J[efW_S VW I[WYa
f]n`j k lh]jp]o knj]iajp]hao iqu ^eaj _qe`]`ko+ l]n] hk _q]h peajaj
dkn]neko l]n] ah neack i]jq]h `a h]o ieoi]o+ AK@JD- '1//3(+ lank K] ennec]_e j lqa`a `abejenoa _kik h] ]lhe_]_e j `a ]cq] ]h pannajk
mqa k_qnna _q]j`k h]o lanokj]o o]haj `a re]fa u jk oa aj_qajpn]j _kj hko oecqeajpao k^faperko9
aj h] naoe`aj_e]+ jk d]u bkni] `a ]^]opa_an _kj ]cq] ] h]o lh]jp]o
ikperk lkn ah _q]h aop]o lqa`aj oa_]noa u iknen- Okn kpn] l]npa ah @ Onklkn_ekj]n h] dqia`]` ja_ao]ne] l]n] mqa hko _qhperko
]dknnk `a peailk+ l]n] iq_dko ao p]i^e j bqj`]iajp]h u ao mqa lqa`]j `ao]nnkhh]noa-
h] ]paj_e j u hko _qe`]`ko aj ah _]ok `a qj f]n`j namqeanaj `a @ @oacqn]n h]o _koa_d]o _kjpn] oamq]o `a _knp] `qn]_e j
_eanp] `a`e_]_e j u `a qj peailk `ah mqa aj k_]oekjao jk oa @ Qabnao_]n h] pailan]pqn] `ah oqahk u h] ]pi oban] l]n] `a
`eolkja- Dh lnaoajpa pn]^]fk peaja lkn lnkl oepk ah lk`an _kjpnkh]n aop] bkni] iafkn]n h]o _kj`e_ekjao ]i^eajp]hao l]n] oq
`ao`a _q]hmqean l]npa `ah iqj`k ] pn]r o `a ejpanjap qj oeopai] `ao]nnkhhk racap]h-
`a neack `a lh]jp]o aj ah _q]h oa lqa`a ]_per]n ]qpki pe_]iajpa @ Ceokhran o]hao _kjpaje`]o aj ah oqahk-
h] vkj] mqa oa `aoa] nac]n `a ]_qan`k ]h jerah `a dqia`]` @ Qa`q_en h] lnk^]^ehe`]` `a bkni]_e j `a `naj]fao j]pqn]hao-
ateopajpa aj ah oqahk+ Sknnao- '1//6(- @ C]n h]o _]n]_panope_]o lpei]o `a dqia`]` `a oqahk-
Dh neack ao qj] `a h]o h]^knao ]cnkj ie_]o `a cn]j eilknp]j_e] Dj p niejko cajan]hao ah k^faperk mqa oa lanoecqa _kj ah neack ao
mqa laniepa _kjoacqen lkpaj_e]hiajpa ah `ao]nnkhhk ]cn_kh] `a hko ]lhe_]n ] hko _qhperko+ `a bkni] abe_eajpa u oej ]hpan]n h] banpehe`]` `ah
_qhperko ej_naiajp]j`k oqo naj`eieajpko- Dh neack oa lqa`a `abejen oqahk+ ah ]cq] aj ah ikiajpk ]`a_q]`k u aj h] _]jpe`]` ja_ao]ne]
_kik h] ]lhe_]_e j ]npebe_e]h `a ]cq] ]h pannajk _kj ah bej `a l]n] hkcn]n qj _na_eieajpk lpeik+ Ka_]nko- '1/00(-
oqiejeopn]n ] h]o aola_eao racap]hao h] dqia`]` ja_ao]ne] l]n] oq
`ao]nnkhhk- Cqn]jck+ I- '1//0(- Dj _kjoa_qaj_e] _]^a h] <^ d[WYa bad SebWde[ `
ejpannkc]jpa9 Pq ]hpanj]per] l]n]hah] bnajpa ] h] r]ne]o ateopajpao
pa_jkh ce_]iajpa+ lkoe^ehep]n ah _kjpnkh `a neack pa_jebe_]`k>- Dh Dh neack lkn ]olanoe j ao qj] ik`]he`]` `a neack ia`e]jpa h] _q]h
k^faperk cajan]h ao ]j]hev]n qj oeopai] `a _kjpnkh mqa laniep] ah ]cq] hhac] ] h]o lh]jp]o aj bkni] `a ~hhqre] hk_]hev]`]+ F]apa-
_kjpnkh]n ah neack pa_jebe_]`k r] ejpanjap- K] Gel paoeo Fajan]h ao '1//0(-
ah _kjpnkh `a neack pa_jebe_]`k oan lpeik qpehev]j`k dann]ieajp]o
`a ejpanjap l]n] oq pn]joieoe j ] lqjpko naikpko lkn r] ej]h i^ne_]- Dh neack lkn ]olanoe j ao qj] ik`]he`]` `a neack ia`e]jpa h] _q]h
ah ]cq] hhac] ] h]o lh]jp]o aj bkni] `a ~hhqre] hk_]hev]`] i o k
D7K<I@7C<J P DwKF;FJ iajko ejpajo] u qjebknia ok^na h] l]n_ah] _kj ah k^faperk mqa ejbehpna
aj ah ieoik lqjpk `kj`a _]a- O]n] ahhk ao ja_ao]ne] qj] na` `a
DwKF;F `eopne^q_e j mqa laniep] mqa ah ]cq] `a neack hhacqa _kj lnaoe j
oqbe_eajpa ] hko ahaiajpko aj_]nc]`ko `a ]lhe_]n ah ]cq]
S# ;[eWa VW @`hWef[YSU[ ` k f[ba VW WefgV[a ']olanoknao k `ebqoknao(-
Dh lnaoajpa pn]^]fk `a ejraopec]_e j+ ao qj aopq`ek pelk
<OG<I@D<EK7C+ oa aop]^ha_a mqa ]lhe_]j`k h] na`
ej]h i^ne_] VeEe u Ahqapkkpd+ oa lqa`] _kjpnkh]n
lqjpko naikpko `a qj oeopai] `a neack pa_jebe_]`k-
Do qj aopq`ek CFE>@KL;@E7C+ lknmqa h]o r]ne]^hao
oa ie`aj aj r]ne]o k_]oekjao-
T# GaT^SU[ `3 K] lk^h]_e j l]n] ah lnaoajpa pn]^]fk `a
ejraopec]_e j+ aop]n _kjbkni]`] lkn ah d ^ep]p `ah oeopai]
`a neack- Dh ieoik oa _ajpn]hev]n aj pannajko `a _qhperk-
U# DgWefdS3 Ra qpehev h]o ia`e_ekjao ple_]o `a ]h_]j_a lkn
_k^anpqn]+ jerahao _]n]_panope_ko `a h] ej_e`aj_e] `a h]
n]`ekbna_qaj_e]+ bna_qaj_e]o `a klan]_e j+ ]ba__ekjao u
nalan_qoekjao pn]o_a`ajpao `ah _kjpnkh `a neack+ ap_- O]n]
`ebanajpao pa_jkhkc]o VeEe u ^hqapkkpd-
D7K<I@7C<J
M|^hg^Se VW Ua`fda^
_kilkjajpao `ah oeopai] l]n] c]n]jpev]n qj ]`a_q]`k ia`e]jpa ah hajcq]fa `a lnkcn]i]_e j @n`qejk '^]o]`k aj Venejc(
bqj_ekj]ieajpk u ]oacqn]n ah lanek`k `a re`] peh l]n] ah _q]h bqa u ah ajpknjk `a `ao]nnkhhk @n`qejk '^]o]`k aj Onk_aooejc(- Kko
`eoa ]`k+ F]apa- '1//0(- lnkua_pko da_dko _kj @n`qejk lqa`aj afa_qp]noa oej ja_aoe`]`
`a _kja_p]noa ] qj kn`aj]`kn+ oe ^eaj peajaj h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a
@ 9SbfSU[ `' Do qj] aopnq_pqn]+ mqa oenra l]n] pki]n ah ]cq] d]_anhk u _kiqje_]n _kj `ebanajpao pelko `a okbps]na lkn afailhk9
`a qj i]j]jpe]h k bqajpa `a ]cq] heile]+ _kj h] _q]h oa Eh]od+ Onk_aooejc+ L]tLRO- K]o lh]_]o lqa`aj oan da_d]o ] i]jk
`eopne^qen ]cq] ] pq^an]o mqa oa `alkoep]n aj qj k _kiln]`]o ikjp]`]o `a b ^ne_]; ah okbps]na lqa`a oan
naoanrknek- K] _]lp]_e j peaja h]o oecqeajpao l]npao9 `ao_]nc]`k `a bkni] cn]pqep]- Kko be_danko `a `eoa k `a nabanaj_e]
@ JW^^a VW bdafWUU[ `' Renra l]n] lnkpacan ah ]cq] arep]j`k 'B@C( aop j `eolkje^hao ^]fk qj] he_aj_e] ]^eanp]+ @QCTHMN-
mqa ajpna peann] k _q]hmqean oq_ea`]` u d]_an ajpn]n ] h] '1/01(-
_ i]n] `a na_kha__e j-
@ 9|_SdS VW dWUa^WUU[ `' Dol]_ek `kj`a oa na_kha_p] ah 7I;L@EF LEF
]cq]+ bqj_ekj] _kik _ i]n] `a _]nc] l]n] hqack oan
_kj`q_e`] lkn h]o pq^an]o- Dh i]j]jpe]h k lqmqe]h oa bkni] @n`qejk TMN ao qj] lh]_] aha_pn je_] ^]o]`] aj ah
_kj ah l]ok `ah peailk ]h ajpn]n ah ]cq] `a h] hhqre] aj ah ie_nk_kjpnkh]`kn @Siac] 217- Bqajp] _kj 03 lejao `ecep]hao mqa
oqahk- Dop] ]cq] ao heile] u lqn]- lqa`aj oan ajpn]`]o k o]he`]o `a hko _q]hao 5 lqa`aj oan qo]`ko
@ 9S`Sef[^^S VW eS^[VS' Do qj behpnk mqa oa _khk_] ]h ia`ek _kik o]he`]o OVL+ 5 ajpn]`]o ]j]h ce_]o+ qj _neop]h ko_eh]`kn `a
`ah pq^k u arep] mqa nacnaoaj lea`n]o k peann] ]h ejpanekn `a 05 LGv+ qj] _kjate j TRA+ qj _kja_pkn `a ]heiajp]_e j+ qj]
h] pq^an]- _]^a_an] HBRO u qj ^kp j `a naeje_ek- K] lh]_] aha_pn je_] peaja
pk`k hk ja_ao]nek l]n] lnklkn_ekj]n oklknpa ]h ie_nk_kjpnkh]`kn+
FbWdSU[ ` VW ^S USbfSU[ ` ^]op] _kj _kja_p]n h] lh]_] ] qj] _kilqp]`kn] _kj qj _]^ha TRA
k ] qj ]`]lp]`kn @B,CB k ] qj] ^]pan] l]n] ailav]n+ @QCTHMN,
@h paniej]n h]o k^n]o k ]h bej]hev]n h]o ]_pere`]`ao `a i]jpajeieajpk TMN- '1/01-
oa d]_a bqj_ekj]n h] _]lp]_e j ] bej `a aheiej]n ie_nk^eko+ l]n]
`aoejba_p]n h] aopnq_pqn] oa `a^a pajan aj _qajp] hko oecqeajpao
l]oko9
knebe_eko `a pknjehhko laniepaj mqa h] p]nfap] oa] oqfap]`] ] qj] ;Sfae VW fW_bWdSfgdS3
oqlanbe_ea k _]f]- N^o nraoa mqa h] `eop]j_e] ajpna hko lejao `ecep]hao Ra pki `ah iqaopnak na]hev]`k ejpan]_pq]j`k h] ejpanb]_a oajokn ,
6 u 7 ao `a 05/ ieh oei]o `a lqhc]`] '/-05"(+ jk qj i hpelhk l]n `a OB,@n`qejk 'Tjk( qj lnkia`ek 27-
h] oal]n]_e j `a 0// ieh oei]o `a hko kpnko lejao-
;Sfae VW ?g_WVSV
7I;L@EF <K?<IE<K J?@<C; Ra pki `ah iqaopnak na]hev]`k ejpan]_pq]j`k h] ejpanb]_a oajokn ,
OB,@n`qejk 'Tjk( qj lnkia`ek 064+ _kj aoko `]pko pn]^]f]naiko
K] p]nfap] @n`qejk Dpdanjap Rdeah` _kja_p] ] qj] p]nfap] @n`qejk ] aj hk i teik-
ejpanjap aj _qaope j `a iejqpko- R hk d]u mqa _kja_p]n aopa i `qhk
ok^na h] lh]_] @n`qejk+ _kja_p]nhk ] h] na` _kj qj _]^ha QI34 'jk J[_g^SU[ ` VW^ J[efW_S Ua` W^ JaXfiSdW GdafWge
ej_hqe`k( u oacqen ]hcqj]o ejopnq__ekjao oaj_ehh]o l]n] ailav]n ]
_kjpnkh]n oq ajpknjk ] pn]r o `a ejpanjap- Bkik oeailna _kj @n`qejk+
pk`ko hko ahaiajpko `a h] lh]p]bkni] `a d]n`s]na+ okbps]na u
`k_qiajp]_e j okj `a he^na ]__aok u `a _ `eck ]^eanpk- Dopk
oecjebe_] mqa oa lqa`a ]lnaj`an at]_p]iajpa _ ik oa d]_aj u
qpehev]n oq `eoa k _kik lqjpk `a l]npe`] l]n] na]hev]n ]lhe_]_ekjao
aola_be_]o+ @QCTHMN,RG- '1/01-
;[eWa W [_b^W_W`fSU[ ` VW ^S [`fWdSUU[ ` VW ^S G9 Ua` ^ae _kjpn]nnaop]`]o bej]hiajpa ]ni]j`k ah oeopai] aj aopnq_pqn]o `a
bdafaUa^ae VW K9G(@G' ^]oa o he`]o-
IW^WhS`U[Se k SbadfWe VW ^S @`hWef[YSU[ `
Qalnaoajp] qj l]ok eilknp]jpa aj h] ejraopec]_e j ok^na h] Bkj hko naoqhp]`ko k^paje`ko aj h]o lnqa^]o `a aopa oeopai] `a
]lhe_]^ehe`]` `ah _kjpnkh `a neack oa] lkn ]olanoe j k oeieh]nao r] neack oa lqa`a _kilnk^]n mqa opa bqj_ekj] aj peailk na]h u] mqa
_kjpnkh ej]h i^ne_k ]lnkra_d]j`k h] pa_jkhkc] VeEe u ^hqapkkpd+ ah ejpanr]hk aj ah ajrk u na_al_e j `a hko iajo]fao aop aj bqj_e j
lnkreop] `a qj _ahqh]n mqa lnaoajpa lnkpk_khk SBO.HO+ K ODY- `ah peailk aolan]`k mqa ao ]lnktei]`]iajpa 34 oacqj`ko-
'1/01(+ l]n] ajnnqp]n r] ejpanjap ah naceopnk `a h] ikjepknev]_e j `a
h] pailan]pqn] u dqia`]` `ah pannajk reoq]hev]`k ] pn]r o `a h] I<9FD<E;79@FE<J
l cej] VDA+ OQNEDQ@LNM- '1/01-
O]n] qj pn]^]fk ] bqpqnk oa lqa`a na]hev]n qj] ]ilhe]_e j u iafkn]
C[_[fSU[a`We VW ^S @`hWef[YSU[ ` `a aopa oeopai]+ lkn afailhk ]qiajp]n oajoknao+ ]_pq]`knao+
aha_pnkr hrqh]o k `alaj`eaj`k `a h]o ja_aoe`]`ao `ah qoq]nek-
Dh lneian ej_kjrajeajpa mqa oa pqrk bqa _kjoacqen hko oajoknao `a
pailan]pqn] u `a dqia`]`+ ]`a_q]`ko l]n] h] vkj]+ mqa oklknpaj Do _kjrajeajpa qpehev]n lnkcn]i]o _kik Onkpaqo k oeiqh]`knao+
n]`e]_ekjao ]_kn`ao _kj ah d ^ep]p- Bkik ah oeopai] aop ]heiajp]`k `a^e`k ] mqa aop]o dann]ieajp]o ]uq`]j _kj oqo `ebanajpao
lkn h] na` ah _pne_] ] 11/ U+ pqreiko ej_kjrajeajpao _kj h] _kilkjajpao ] ]ni]n qj aomqai] `ah _en_qepk u na]hev]n _knna__e j
]heiajp]_e j u h]o ^]pan]o `a naol]h`k mqa an]j na_]nc]^hao+ oa `a annknao aj d]n`s]na u aj hajcq]fa ajo]i^h]`kn+ HMDKD,HU-
pqrk eje_e]hiajpa bqankj ijei]o+ hk mqa lnkrk_ ]hcqjko napn]oko '1/01(-
aj h]o ia`e_ekjao- Dh lnkpkpelk naolkj`e eje_e]hiajpa aj h]o
lnqa^]o lnaheiej]nao lpei]iajpa aj hko h]^kn]pkneko `a h] Do_qah] Dh i]jpajeieajpk `ah oeopai] `a^a na]hev]nhk qj lanokj]h p _je_k
Onkbaoekj]h `a Hjcajean] Dha_pn je_]+ lank bqa ej_ ik`k aj ]hcqjko _]hebe_]`k l]n] arep]n `] ko k ik`ebe_]_ekjao mqa ]hpanaj ah oeopai]+
pannajko iqu ]__e`ajp]`ko _kj ]j`ajao `eolkjan ah lnkpkpelk lkn u] mqa ]hcqjko `a oqo _kilkjajpao okj oajoe^hao ] aop pe_]-
ah reajpk mqa devk eje_e]hiajpa ejaop]^ha ]h oeopai] aola_be_]iajpa
h] ej_e`aj_e] aj ho ha_pqn] `a hko oajoknao; h]o ieoi]o bqankj