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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2015.

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REV. INVESTIG. ALTOANDIN <`Wda & 7Td[^ & @JJE M'@3 +,)/&1.1+ M';3 +,*,&+2.0

Prototipo de control de riego tecnificado aplicando la tecnologa del


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aj h] naoe`aj_e]+ jk d]u bkni] `a ]^]opa_an _kj ]cq] ] h]o lh]jp]o
ikperk lkn ah _q]h aop]o lqa`aj oa_]noa u iknen- Okn kpn] l]npa ah @ Onklkn_ekj]n h] dqia`]` ja_ao]ne] l]n] mqa hko _qhperko
]dknnk `a peailk+ l]n] iq_dko ao p]i^e j bqj`]iajp]h u ao mqa lqa`]j `ao]nnkhh]noa-
h] ]paj_e j u hko _qe`]`ko aj ah _]ok `a qj f]n`j namqeanaj `a @ @oacqn]n h]o _koa_d]o _kjpn] oamq]o `a _knp] `qn]_e j
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`a neack `a lh]jp]o aj ah _q]h oa lqa`a ]_per]n ]qpki pe_]iajpa @ Ceokhran o]hao _kjpaje`]o aj ah oqahk-
h] vkj] mqa oa `aoa] nac]n `a ]_qan`k ]h jerah `a dqia`]` @ Qa`q_en h] lnk^]^ehe`]` `a bkni]_e j `a `naj]fao j]pqn]hao-
ateopajpa aj ah oqahk+ Sknnao- '1//6(- @ C]n h]o _]n]_panope_]o lpei]o `a dqia`]` `a oqahk-

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pa_jkh ce_]iajpa+ lkoe^ehep]n ah _kjpnkh `a neack pa_jebe_]`k>- Dh Dh neack lkn ]olanoe j ao qj] ik`]he`]` `a neack ia`e]jpa h] _q]h
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`a neack- Dh ieoik oa _ajpn]hev]n aj pannajko `a _qhperk-
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