S06.

Automatización Industrial
Máquinas e Instrumentos
Oswaldo Moreno

5
5
Motor Asíncrono de CA

Conocer la programación
normalizada de los PLCs

Conocer los esquemas de conexión

de un sistema automatizado.

Utilizar software comercial para la

programación de Micro PLCs

2
Esquema eléctrico
Esquema de mando Esquema de fuerza

3
Sistema de automatización.

Monitoreo

Entrada Lógica Salida

(Sensores) (PLC) (Actuadores)
 PLC: Definición
Un PLC o autómata es un dispositivo electrónico programable por el
usuario que se utiliza para controlar, dentro de un entorno industrial,
máquinas o procesos lógicos y/o secuenciales.

5
¿Por qué utilizar un PLC?
• Reemplazar la lógica de relés para el comando de
motores, máquinas, cilindros neumáticos e hidráulicos,
etc.
• Reemplazar temporizadores y contadores
electromecánicos.
• Actuar como interface entre una PC y el proceso de
fabricación
• Efectuar diagnósticos de fallas y alarmas
• Controlar y comandar tareas repetitivas y peligrosas
• Regulación de aparatos remotos desde un punto de la
fábrica.
6
 Beneficios?
• Menor cableado: Reduce los costos y los tiempos de parada de
planta.
• Reducción del espacio en los tableros.
• Mayor facilidad para el mantenimiento y puesta en servicio.
• Flexibilidad de configuración y programación, lo que permite adaptar
fácilmente la automatización a los cambios del proceso.

7
Principios básicos

8
PLC Logo
Estructura Física PLC Logo
8 inputs Power supply for expansion modules

Power supply 4 inputs

Wiring

Switch for
electrical
connection
Connection
interface for
LOGO! TD

The internal
Backlit display qualities RUN/STOP
Adjustable contrast count

E-Stand (ESx)

4 outputs 4 outputs

Maximum configuration 24 digital inputs + 8 analog inputs

+16 digital outputs + 2 analog outputs
Fuente de Alimentación
To connect LOGO! to the power supply:

LOGO! ..... with LOGO! ..... with

Wiring AC supply voltage
DC supply voltage
L+ L1
M N

L+ M I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 L1 N I1 I2 I3 I4

Protection by fuse With voltage spikes, use a varistor

if required (recommended) for: (MOV) with an operating voltage
12/24 RC...: 0.8 A at least 20% higher than nominal
24: 2.0 A voltage.
Conexión entradas

Wiring
Conexión Salidas

Wiring
Conexión Salidas Analógicas
LOGO! with
Wiring analog outputs Ground
Profile rail

You can connect

different devices to
analog outputs, e.g.:
◼ frequency converter to
control drives

Output signals: *)
▪ 0-10V
▪ 0-20mA
▪ 4-20mA

*) 6ED1 055-1MM00-0BA0: 0..10V

6ED1 055-1MM00-0BA1: 0..10V and 0/4..20mA.
Pantalla Display
Connection interface for
LOGO! TD Cable
LOGO! ..0BA6 basic
module
Wiring

Function keys
Standard LOGO! TD Cable 2,5m,
LOGO! keys extendable to up to 10
meters with standard
Sub-D serial cable
unipolar power supply
connector
12V DC, 24V AC/DC
Recommended fuse: 0,5A
Memoria
◼ whether a program is stored in the internal LOGO! memory
or
◼ whether a memory card (memory module) is connected
Wiring

No Program No program on
Press ESC
memory card and no
program in internal
memory
LOGO!
Warning!
If there is a program on the memory
card, it is automatically
copied to the internal LOGO! memory
when switching on . Any program in
s the internal LOGO! memory is
overwritten.
> Program..
Card.. Program on memory
Setup.. card or program in
internal memory
Start
LOGO!
Modos de operación
◼ in which state LOGO! was prior to POWER–OFF

Prior to power-off After power-on

Wiring
s s

In > Program..
editing mode or Q1 Card..
menu in stop Setup..
status
Start
LOGO! LOGO!

Prior to power-off After power-on

s s

I: I:
In 0.. 123456789 0.. 123456789
RUN time
1..0123456789 1..0123456789
2..01234 2..01234

LOGO! LOGO!
Funciones Básicas
AND AND NAND NAND OR NOR XOR NOT
(edge) (edge)

Integrated
functions

8 basic
functions The
internal
qualities
count
AND function
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the light H1 is only on when
S1 and S2 and S3 are closed. Input and output states are dependent S1
on each other.
The circuit to the right is called AND logic. S2
In words contact S1 and S2 and S3 have to be closed for the light to
burn. S3
Integrated Symbol for this connection is .
functions
H1

AND Series circuit

S1 normally open
& contact
S2 H1
S3
x Logic table for AND block:

Input 1 Input 2 Input 3 Output

0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
Output of the AND function is 1 only 0 1 0 0
when all inputs are 1. 0 1 1 0
If one input pin of this block is not
1 0 0 0
connected, the status is automatically 1.
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
OR function
To turn the lamp H2 on, the contact S1 or S2 or S3 have to be
closed. The dependence of output states from inputs states is S1 S2 S3
called OR logic.
In words at least one of the contacts S1 or S2 or S3 have to be
closed for the lamp H2 to light up.
Symbol for this connection is . H2
Integrated
functions
Parallel circuit
OR normally open contact
S1 >
S2 H2
S3
x Logic table for OR block:

Input 1 Input 2 Input 3 Output

Output of the OR function is 1, when at 0 0 0 0

least one input is 1. 0 0 1 1
If one input pin of this block is not 0 1 0 1
connected, the status is automatically 0. 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
NAND (not-AND) function
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the light H2 is not on,
only when all contacts are switched. S1 S2 S3
The circuit to the right is called NAND logic.
In words S1 and S2 and S3 have to be switched for the light H2
not to burn.
Symbol for this connection is . H2
Integrated
functions
Parallel circuit
normally closed
NAND contact

S1 &
S2 H2 Logic table for NAND block:
S3
x
Input 1 Input 2 Input 3 Output
0 0 0 1
Output of NAND is 0, only when all 0 0 1 1
inputs are 1. 0 1 0 1
If one input pin of this block is not 0 1 1 1
connected, the status is automatically 1. 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
NOR (not-OR) function
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the light H1 is only on,
when the normally closed contact S1 and S2 and S3 are not S1
switched.
The circuit to the right is called NOR logic.
S2
In words when S1 or S2 or S3 are switched, the light is not on.
Symbol for this connection is .
S3
Integrated
functions
H1
NOR
S1 >1 Series circuit
S2 normally closed
H1
S3 contact
x
Logic table for NOR block:

Input 1 Input 2 Input 3 Output

0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
Output of NAND is 1, only when all inputs
are 0. As soon as any input is switched 0 1 0 0
(status 1), the output is switched off. If one 0 1 1 0
input pin of this block is not connected, the 1 0 0 0
status is automatically 0. 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0
XOR function
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the light H1 is only on,
when only one of either S1 or S2 is switched. S1
This circuit is called XOR logic.
In words when either contact S1 or contact S2 are switched, the S2
light is on.
Symbol for this connection is .
Integrated H1
functions
XOR
S1 =1
H1
S2

Logic table for XOR block:

Input 1 Input 2 Output

Output of XOR is 1, when inputs have 0 0 0
different states.
0 1 1
If one input pin of this block is not
connected, the status is automatically 0. 1 0 1
1 1 0
NOT function
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the light H1 is only on,
when the switch S1 is not switched. S1

This circuit is called NOT logic.

Symbol for this connection is . K1

Integrated
H1
functions
NOT
1
S1 H1

Output is 1, when the input is 0, i.e. NOT inverts the status Logic table for NOT block:
at the input. Input 1 Output
The advantage of NOT is for instance: You will not need a
normally closed contact any more for LOGO!. You can use a 0 1
normally open contact and change it with NOT to a normally 1 0
closed contact.
If the input pin of this block is not connected, the status is
automatically 1.
Pantalla de inicio
Standard Windows PC -> LOGO! LOGO! -> PC!

Title bar
Menu bar

Symbol bar for

program installation
Tree structure for fast choice
of all generation elements
Switch to selecting mode
Drawing of connection lines
LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1 Display connectors (Co)

Display basic functions (GF)

Display special functions (SF)
Text fields for additional
comments
For a better overview
separation of connections
Offline simulation
Online test

Control program generation in the overview control plan via drag & drop
Help functions – direct help

Direct help can be selected

via the context menu (right
mouse key) of each function.

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1
Step 1: Insert connectors (CO)
How many inputs and outputs are necessary to solve the task?

Within the tree structure on the left side of

the software you can choose quickly and
1. clearly all necessary input and output blocks,
markers or constants (high, low) and all basic
and special functions and you can place them
on the configuration interface.

LOGO! Soft After having chosen an element the following

Comfort V6.1 cursor will appear on the configuration
interface:

Move the mouse to the desired position.

Clicking on the left mouse button inserts the
block.
2.
Step 2: Insert basic functions (GF)
Which basic functions are necessary to solve the task?

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1

2.
After placing both inputs I1 and I2 and the
1. output Q1 on the interface a basic function
(NOT) is necessary. As already learned in
the first step you choose via the tree
structure on the left the appropriate
function and place it via a simple mouse
click.
Step 3: Insert special functions (SF)
Which special functions are necessary to solve the task?

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1
2.

As the last function element a special

1. function (latching relay) is also necessary. As
already learned in the previous steps you
choose via the tree structure at the left the
appropriate function and place it via simple
mouse click.
Step 3: Insert special functions (SF)
In this programming example the NOT function block could be replaced by a direct negation
of the S-input of the latching relay function.

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1

Via the context menu (right mouse button) on

the digital input pins of all function blocks it
is possible to negate the signal directly. This
is also possible by a double click on the pin.
Step 4: Connecting
To complete the control circuit you need to connect the blocks with one another:

1.

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1

2.
Normally you can directly draw the connection line with the cursor
after placing a block. If you are in a different mode, you will have to
select the tool to get to the connecting mode.
Now move the cursor over the connection pin of a block (a small blue
box will be shown) and click the left mouse key. While holding down
the key move the cursor to the pin you would like to connect with the
first pin, and release the mouse key. The connection is drawn.
Continue the same way with the other connections.
Step 5: Insert text fields
By inserting text fields the program can be understood more easily.
With LOGO! Soft Comfort V6.1 there are several ways of embedding text into the program
structure:

Adding a comment to each block in the

program via the context menu (right
mouse key).

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1
Documentation
The program including the entered plant data can be viewed from the attribute window
under File -> Print preview.

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1
Step 11: Documentation
You can select which documents shall be printed, under Properties… in the print preview
window. By default the circuit diagram, the parameter list and the list with connection
names are selected.

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1
Step 12: Program testing
After configuration and documentation, program testing via offline simulation is the next
step.

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1

Now you know that the program can be run in LOGO!, but you still have to check whether
your program works the way you intended it. Perhaps you would like to change some
parameters. You can effortlessly change input values, check the behavior upon power
failure and compare your calculations or expectations with the real behavior of the outputs.
Step 12: Program testing
An excellent tool is available for program testing.

This tool
has to be selected when
you want to test the
program. With the
activation of the offline
simulation a tool bar for
monitoring and operation
By clicking on the of inputs and outputs is
buttons on the tool selected. A plug symbol
bar or on the inputs in provides a simulation of
LOGO! Soft power failure to test the
the circuit diagram
Comfort V6.1 behavior in regards to
you can change the
status of the inputs. retentivity.
The signal run can be
tracked with the color For time-critical simulations you can also set
change from blue (low the output of a block (forcing), by clicking the
signal) to red (high output with the right mouse button.
signal) of the
connection lines. This
makes error tracking a
lot easier.
Step 12: Program testing
As an additional program testing feature, each input can be allocated to a certain switch
function.

LOGO! Soft
Comfort V6.1

Each input of a block can be allocated to a certain switch function via the context menu
(right mouse key) of an input block. You can chose between pushbutton (n.o. contacts, n.c.
contacts), switches and frequency inputs at digital inputs. With frequency inputs the
simulated frequency can be adjusted in Hz. With analog inputs the value range and the start
value is preset. These parameters can centrally be changed and reviewed as well via the
menu item Tools -> Simulation parameters.
•
•

•
•
•
• Pero hay una herramienta que simplica las
cosas: LA MEMORIA SET/ RESET.
• En diagrama de funciones se representa así:

R Q
 • El diagrama de contactos se representa así:

I 0,1 O 0,1
I 0,1 S S
I 0,2 O 0,1
I 0,2 R Q O 0,1 R
 • ¿Cómo funciona la lógica?. Sigamos la
secuencia en el tiempo.
Si accionamos
1 Set
1 S
0 S

0 R Q
0 R Q ? 1
Indeterminado Se Setea
 3 Se quedó Seteado
0 S

0 R Q 1
• ¿Hasta
cuándo? ...
 • …Hasta que se mande un 1 lógico al
RESET.
…4 5
0 S 0 S

1 R Q 0 R Q
0 0
Se Resetea Se quedó Reseteado
Temporizadores
Timer – On-delay
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the motor only starts after
expiry of the delay time. S1 K1
This function is called On-delay.
In words the motor will be switch on with a programmed ON delay
time.
K1 M
Integrated Symbol for this function is .
functions
Diagram:

Trg

Q
T T

Ta
(Timer active)

Description of the function:

With 0 to 1 transition of input Trg the timer starts. If the status of input Trg is 1 for long
enough, the output is set to 1 on expiration of the time T. The output follows the input with
on delay. The output is reset to 0 when the status at input Trg is 0.
If the status of input Trg changes to 0 before the time T has expired, the time is reset. The
time elapsed is reset after a power failure.
Timer – Off-delay
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the motor only stops after
expiry of the delay time. S1 K1

This function is called Off-delay.

In words the motor will be switch off with a programmed OFF delay
time.
K1 M
Symbol for this function is .
Integrated
functions Diagram:

Trg
T T
Ta

Q
(Timer active)

Description of the function:

When the input Trg is 1, the output Q is switched instantaneously to 1. When the status of
Trg changes from 1 to 0, the timer will be activated. The output remains set. When the timer
reaches the configured value (Ta=T), output Q is reset to 0. When input Trg is switched on
and off again, the time Ta restarts. Input R (Reset) is used to reset the time Ta and the
output before Ta has expired.
Timer – On-/Off-delay
A look at the circuit diagram shows that:
S1 K1 K2
◼ when S1 is closed, contact K1 closes with a delay
time and the motor runs.
◼ when S1 is opened, contact K2 opens with a delay
time and the motor stops.
K1
Integrated This function is called On-/Off-delay. In words the motor is K2 M
switched on and off with a programmed delay time.
functions
Symbol for this function is .

Diagram:

Trg

TH

TL

Description of the function:

The time TH starts after a 0 to 1 transition at input Trg. If the status at input Trg is 1 for the
duration of the time TH, the output is set to 1 on expiration of the time TH.
(the output follows the input on delayed). When the status at input returns to 0, TL starts. If
the status at input Trg is 0 for the duration of time TL, the output is set to 0 on expiration of
the time TL.
Timer – Retentive On-delay
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the motor M starts
delayed after pressing the pushbutton S1. Pushbutton S2 S1 K1 K1 K2
(n.c. contact) stops the motor again.
S2
This function is called retentive On-delay.
Symbol for this connection is .
K1 K2 M
Integrated
functions

Diagram:

Trg

Ta T

Description of the function:

The current time Ta starts with a 0 to 1 transition at input Trg. Output Q is set to 1 when Ta
reaches the time T. The output Q is only reset to 0 when the status at input R is 1. Further
switching actions at input Trg have no influence on output Q.
Timer – Weekly timer
The output is controlled via a specified on–/
off–date. The function supports any
combination of weekdays. You select the
active weekdays by deselecting the inactive
days.
Mon TueWedThurs Fri Sa So On Off
Integrated Cam 1 07 : 30 16 05
functions
Cam 2 08 : 00 12 00
Cam 3 10 : 00 12 30

Wednesday

Description of the function:

Every weekly timer has three cams.
You can configure a time hysteresis for
each cam. Within the cam setting you
Monday specify the on/off times.
If you enable “pulse output”, the timer
will be reset after one cycle. “Pulse
output” applies to all three cams.
Timer – Asynchronous pulse generator
The pulse profile of the output can be
customized via pulse/ pause ratio.
Symbol for this function is .

Diagram:

Integrated
functions En

Inv

pulse period / pause width

Description of the function:

In the parameters you can adjust the pulse period and the pause width. With input INV you
can also invert the output. You can customized the time period in seconds, minutes or
hours. The time basis of both parameters can be set independently. The input block INV
only negates the output if it is enabled via EN.
Contadores
Counter – Up and Down counter
A look at the circuit diagram shows that the switch S1 triggers the counter pulses. Switch
S2 determines whether the counter increases or decreases. When the counter status
reaches a value >= 5, the light switches on.

Diagram:
Integrated
functions Cnt S1
Dir
6 6
5 5 5 S2
4 4 4
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 - +
1 1 C1
Counter 0

R >=5

Q H1

Description of the function:

With every positive edge at input Cnt the internal counter increments (Dir = 0) or
decrements (Dir = 1) by one count. Output Q is set to 1 when the internal value is greater
than or equal to the value specified in Par. You can use reset input R to reset the output and
the internal count value to the start value. When R=1, the output is 0 and the pulses at input
Cnt are not counted.
If you set a “Start Value” the counter begins to count either up or down from this value.