332 Estadística descriptiva e inferencial y una introducción al método científico

1. Anexo. Normal Estandarizada.

Area bajo la curva normal estandarizada entre 0 y z. (Elaboración propia)

Valores de z: en cabecera de filas: unidades y décimas, y en cabecera de columnas: centésimas
0 1 2 3
0,0 0,0000 0,0040 0,0080 0,0120 0,0160
0,1 0,0398 0,0438 0,0478 0,0517 0,0557
0,2 0,0793 0,0832 0,0871 0,0910 0,0948
0,3 0,1179 0,1217 0,1255 0,1293 0,1331
0,4 0,1554 0,1591 0,1628 0,1664 0,1700
0,5 0,1915 0,1950 0,1985 0,2019 0,2054
0,6 0,2257 0,2291 0,2324 0,2357 0,2389
0,7 0,2580 0,2611 0,2642 0,2673 0,2704
0,8 0,2881 0,2910 0,2939 0,2967 0,2995
0,9 0,3159 0,3186 0,3212 0,3238 0,3264
4 5 6 7 8 9
0,0199 0,0239 0,0279 0,0319 0,0359
0,0596 0,0636 0,0675 0,0714 0,0753
0,0987 0,1026 0,1064 0,1103 0,1141
0,1368 0,1406 0,1443 0,1480 0,1517
0,1736 0,1772 0,1808 0,1844 0,1879
0,2088 0,2123 0,2157 0,2190 0,2224
0,2422 0,2454 0,2486 0,2517 0,2549
0,2734 0,2764 0,2794 0,2823 0,2852
0,3023 0,3051 0,3078 0,3106 0,3133
0,3289 0,3315 0,3340 0,3365 0,3389

1,0 0,3413 0,3438 0,3461 0,3485 0,3508 0,3531 0,3554 0,3577 0,3599 0,3621
1,1 0,3643 0,3665 0,3686 0,3708 0,3729 0,3749 0,3770 0,3790 0,3810 0,3830
1,2 0,3849 0,3869 0,3888 0,3907 0,3925 0,3944 0,3962 0,3980 0,3997 0,4015
1,3 0,4032 0,4049 0,4066 0,4082 0,4099 0,4115 0,4131 0,4147 0,4162 0,4177
1,4 0,4192 0,4207 0,4222 0,4236 0,4251 0,4265 0,4279 0,4292 0,4306 0,4319
1,5 0,4332 0,4345 0,4357 0,4370 0,4382 0,4394 0,4406 0,4418 0,4429 0,4441
1,6 0,4452 0,4463 0,4474 0,4484 0,4495 0,4505 0,4515 0,4525 0,4535 0,4545
1,7 0,4554 0,4564 0,4573 0,4582 0,4591 0,4599 0,4608 0,4616 0,4625 0,4633
1,8 0,4641 0,4649 0,4656 0,4664 0,4671 0,4678 0,4686 0,4693 0,4699 0,4706
1,9 0,4713 0,4719 0,4726 0,4732 0,4738 0,4744 0,4750 0,4756 0,4761 0,4767

2,0 0,4772 0,4778 0,4783 0,4788 0,4793 0,4798 0,4803 0,4808 0,4812 0,4817
2,1 0,4821 0,4826 0,4830 0,4834 0,4838 0,4842 0,4846 0,4850 0,4854 0,4857
2,2 0,4861 0,4864 0,4868 0,4871 0,4875 0,4878 0,4881 0,4884 0,4887 0,4890
2,3 0,4893 0,4896 0,4898 0,4901 0,4904 0,4906 0,4909 0,4911 0,4913 0,4916
2,4 0,4918 0,4920 0,4922 0,4925 0,4927 0,4929 0,4931 0,4932 0,4934 0,4936
2,5 0,4938 0,4940 0,4941 0,4943 0,4945 0,4946 0,4948 0,4949 0,4951 0,4952
2,6 0,4953 0,4955 0,4956 0,4957 0,4959 0,4960 0,4961 0,4962 0,4963 0,4964
2,7 0,4965 0,4966 0,4967 0,4968 0,4969 0,4970 0,4971 0,4972 0,4973 0,4974
2,8 0,4974 0,4975 0,4976 0,4977 0,4977 0,4978 0,4979 0,4979 0,4980 0,4981
2,9 0,4981 0,4982 0,4982 0,4983 0,4984 0,4984 0,4985 0,4985 0,4986 0,4986

3,0 0,4987 0,4987 0,4987 0,4988 0,4988 0,4989 0,4989 0,4989 0,4990 0,4990
3,1 0,4990 0,4991 0,4991 0,4991 0,4992 0,4992 0,4992 0,4992 0,4993 0,4993
3,2 0,4993 0,4993 0,4994 0,4994 0,4994 0,4994 0,4994 0,4995 0,4995 0,4995
3,3 0,4995 0,4995 0,4995 0,4996 0,4996 0,4996 0,4996 0,4996 0,4996 0,4997
3,4 0,4997 0,4997 0,4997 0,4997 0,4997 0,4997 0,4997 0,4997 0,4997 0,4998
3,5 0,4998 0,4998 0,4998 0,4998 0,4998 0,4998 0,4998 0,4998 0,4998 0,4998
3,6 0,4998 0,4998 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999
3,7 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999
3,8 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999 0,4999
3,9 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000
4,0 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000 0,5000
 Carlos de la Puente Viedma 333

2. Anexo. Chi cuadrado.

Area bajo la curva de Chi cuadrado, por encima de un valor de Chi cuadrado y gl grados de libertad. (Elaboración propia)
gl Ns
0,09 0,08 0,07 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,03 0,02 0,01 0,001
1 2,8744 3,0649 3,2830 3,5374 3,8415 4,2179 4,7093 5,4119 6,6349 10,8274
2 4,8159 5,0515 5,3185 5,6268 5,9915 6,4377 7,0131 7,8241 9,2104 13,8150
3 6,4915 6,7587 7,0603 7,4069 7,8147 8,3112 8,9473 9,8374 11,3449 16,2660
4 8,0434 8,3365 8,6664 9,0444 9,4877 10,0255 10,7119 11,6678 13,2767 18,4662
5 9,5211 9,8366 10,1910 10,5962 11,0705 11,6443 12,3746 13,3882 15,0863 20,5147
6 10,9479 11,2835 11,6599 12,0896 12,5916 13,1978 13,9676 15,0332 16,8119 22,4575
7 12,3372 12,6912 13,0877 13,5397 14,0671 14,7030 15,5091 16,6224 18,4753 24,3213
8 13,6975 14,0684 14,4836 14,9563 15,5073 16,1708 17,0105 18,1682 20,0902 26,1239
9 15,0342 15,4211 15,8537 16,3459 16,9190 17,6083 18,4796 19,6790 21,6660 27,8767
10 16,3516 16,7535 17,2026 17,7131 18,3070 19,0208 19,9219 21,1608 23,2093 29,5879

11 17,6526 18,0687 18,5334 19,0614 19,6752 20,4120 21,3416 22,6179 24,7250 31,2635
12 18,9395 19,3692 19,8488 20,3934 21,0261 21,7851 22,7418 24,0539 26,2170 32,9092
13 20,2140 20,6568 21,1507 21,7113 22,3620 23,1423 24,1249 25,4715 27,6882 34,5274
14 21,4778 21,9331 22,4408 23,0166 23,6848 24,4854 25,4931 26,8727 29,1412 36,1239
15 22,7319 23,1992 23,7202 24,3108 24,9958 25,8161 26,8480 28,2595 30,5780 37,6978
16 23,9774 24,4564 24,9901 25,5950 26,2962 27,1356 28,1908 29,6332 31,9999 39,2518
17 25,2150 25,7053 26,2514 26,8701 27,5871 28,4449 29,5227 30,9950 33,4087 40,7911
18 26,4455 26,9467 27,5049 28,1370 28,8693 29,7450 30,8447 32,3462 34,8052 42,3119
19 27,6695 28,1813 28,7512 29,3964 30,1435 31,0367 32,1577 33,6874 36,1908 43,8194
20 28,8874 29,4097 29,9910 30,6488 31,4104 32,3206 33,4623 35,0196 37,5663 45,3142

21 30,0998 30,6322 31,2246 31,8949 32,6706 33,5972 34,7593 36,3434 38,9322 46,7963
22 31,3071 31,8494 32,4526 33,1350 33,9245 34,8672 36,0491 37,6595 40,2894 48,2676
23 32,5096 33,0616 33,6754 34,3696 35,1725 36,1310 37,3323 38,9683 41,6383 49,7276
24 33,7077 34,2690 34,8932 35,5989 36,4150 37,3891 38,6093 40,2703 42,9798 51,1790
25 34,9015 35,4721 36,1065 36,8235 37,6525 38,6417 39,8804 41,5660 44,3140 52,6187
26 36,0914 36,6711 37,3154 38,0435 38,8851 39,8891 41,1461 42,8558 45,6416 54,0511
27 37,2777 37,8662 38,5202 39,2593 40,1133 41,1318 42,4066 44,1399 46,9628 55,4751
28 38,4604 39,0577 39,7213 40,4710 41,3372 42,3699 43,6622 45,4188 48,2782 56,8918
29 39,6398 40,2456 40,9187 41,6789 42,5569 43,6038 44,9132 46,6926 49,5878 58,3006
30 40,8161 41,4303 42,1126 42,8831 43,7730 44,8335 46,1600 47,9618 50,8922 59,7022

31 41,9895 42,6120 43,3033 44,0840 44,9853 46,0595 47,4024 49,2263 52,1914 61,0980
32 43,1600 43,7906 44,4909 45,2815 46,1942 47,2817 48,6410 50,4867 53,4857 62,4873
33 44,3278 44,9664 45,6755 46,4759 47,3999 48,5005 49,8759 51,7429 54,7754 63,8694
34 45,4930 46,1395 46,8573 47,6674 48,6024 49,7159 51,1073 52,9953 56,0609 65,2471
35 46,6558 47,3101 48,0364 48,8560 49,8018 50,9281 52,3350 54,2439 57,3420 66,6192
36 47,8163 48,4782 49,2129 50,0420 50,9985 52,1372 53,5596 55,4889 58,6192 67,9850
37 48,9744 49,6440 50,3869 51,2253 52,1923 53,3435 54,7811 56,7304 59,8926 69,3476
38 50,1305 50,8074 51,5586 52,4060 53,3835 54,5470 55,9995 57,9689 61,1620 70,7039
39 51,2845 51,9688 52,7280 53,5845 54,5722 55,7477 57,2151 59,2040 62,4281 72,0550
40 52,4364 53,1280 53,8952 54,7606 55,7585 56,9459 58,4278 60,4361 63,6908 73,4029
41 53,5865 54,2852 55,0603 55,9345 56,9424 58,1415 59,6379 61,6654 64,9500 74,7441
334 Estadística descriptiva e inferencial y una introducción al método científico

3. Anexo. t-Student.

Area bajo la curva t-Student, por encima de un valor de t y gl grados de libertad (bilateral). (Elaboración propia)
Ns
gl 0,09 0,08 0,07 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,03 0,02 0,01 0,001
1 7,0264 7,9158 9,0579 10,5789 12,7062 15,8945 21,2051 31,8210 63,6559 636,5776
2 3,1040 3,3198 3,5782 3,8964 4,3027 4,8487 5,6428 6,9645 9,9250 31,5998
3 2,4708 2,6054 2,7626 2,9505 3,1824 3,4819 3,8961 4,5407 5,8408 12,9244
4 2,2261 2,3329 2,4559 2,6008 2,7765 2,9985 3,2976 3,7469 4,6041 8,6101
5 2,0978 2,1910 2,2974 2,4216 2,5706 2,7565 3,0029 3,3649 4,0321 6,8685
6 2,0192 2,1043 2,2011 2,3133 2,4469 2,6122 2,8289 3,1427 3,7074 5,9587
7 1,9662 2,0460 2,1365 2,2409 2,3646 2,5168 2,7146 2,9979 3,4995 5,4081
8 1,9280 2,0042 2,0902 2,1892 2,3060 2,4490 2,6338 2,8965 3,3554 5,0414
9 1,8992 1,9727 2,0554 2,1504 2,2622 2,3984 2,5738 2,8214 3,2498 4,7809
10 1,8768 1,9481 2,0283 2,1202 2,2281 2,3593 2,5275 2,7638 3,1693 4,5868
11 1,8588 1,9284 2,0067 2,0961 2,2010 2,3281 2,4907 2,7181 3,1058 4,4369
12 1,8440 1,9123 1,9889 2,0764 2,1788 2,3027 2,4607 2,6810 3,0545 4,3178
13 1,8317 1,8989 1,9742 2,0600 2,1604 2,2816 2,4358 2,6503 3,0123 4,2209
14 1,8213 1,8875 1,9617 2,0462 2,1448 2,2638 2,4149 2,6245 2,9768 4,1403
15 1,8123 1,8777 1,9509 2,0343 2,1315 2,2485 2,3970 2,6025 2,9467 4,0728
16 1,8046 1,8693 1,9417 2,0240 2,1199 2,2354 2,3815 2,5835 2,9208 4,0149
17 1,7978 1,8619 1,9335 2,0150 2,1098 2,2238 2,3681 2,5669 2,8982 3,9651
18 1,7918 1,8553 1,9264 2,0071 2,1009 2,2137 2,3562 2,5524 2,8784 3,9217
19 1,7864 1,8495 1,9200 2,0000 2,0930 2,2047 2,3457 2,5395 2,8609 3,8833
20 1,7816 1,8443 1,9143 1,9937 2,0860 2,1967 2,3362 2,5280 2,8453 3,8496
21 1,7773 1,8397 1,9092 1,9880 2,0796 2,1894 2,3278 2,5176 2,8314 3,8193
22 1,7734 1,8354 1,9045 1,9829 2,0739 2,1829 2,3202 2,5083 2,8188 3,7922
23 1,7699 1,8316 1,9003 1,9783 2,0687 2,1770 2,3132 2,4999 2,8073 3,7676
24 1,7667 1,8281 1,8965 1,9740 2,0639 2,1715 2,3069 2,4922 2,7970 3,7454
25 1,7637 1,8248 1,8929 1,9701 2,0595 2,1666 2,3011 2,4851 2,7874 3,7251
26 1,7610 1,8219 1,8897 1,9665 2,0555 2,1620 2,2958 2,4786 2,7787 3,7067
27 1,7585 1,8191 1,8867 1,9632 2,0518 2,1578 2,2909 2,4727 2,7707 3,6895
28 1,7561 1,8166 1,8839 1,9601 2,0484 2,1539 2,2864 2,4671 2,7633 3,6739
29 1,7540 1,8142 1,8813 1,9573 2,0452 2,1503 2,2822 2,4620 2,7564 3,6595
30 1,7520 1,8120 1,8789 1,9546 2,0423 2,1470 2,2783 2,4573 2,7500 3,6460
40 1,7375 1,7963 1,8617 1,9357 2,0211 2,1229 2,2503 2,4233 2,7045 3,5510
50 1,7289 1,7870 1,8516 1,9244 2,0086 2,1087 2,2338 2,4033 2,6778 3,4960
60 1,7232 1,7808 1,8448 1,9170 2,0003 2,0994 2,2229 2,3901 2,6603 3,4602
70 1,7192 1,7765 1,8401 1,9118 1,9944 2,0927 2,2152 2,3808 2,6479 3,4350
80 1,7162 1,7732 1,8365 1,9078 1,9901 2,0878 2,2095 2,3739 2,6387 3,4164
90 1,7138 1,7707 1,8337 1,9048 1,9867 2,0839 2,2050 2,3685 2,6316 3,4019
100 1,7120 1,7687 1,8315 1,9024 1,9840 2,0809 2,2015 2,3642 2,6259 3,3905
110 1,7105 1,7670 1,8297 1,9004 1,9818 2,0784 2,1986 2,3607 2,6213 3,3811
120 1,7092 1,7656 1,8282 1,8987 1,9799 2,0763 2,1962 2,3578 2,6174 3,3734
130 1,7081 1,7645 1,8270 1,8973 1,9784 2,0746 2,1942 2,3554 2,6142 3,3670
200 1,7036 1,7596 1,8217 1,8915 1,9719 2,0672 2,1857 2,3451 2,6006 3,3398
300 1,7009 1,7566 1,8184 1,8879 1,9679 2,0627 2,1805 2,3388 2,5923 3,3232
400 1,6995 1,7551 1,8168 1,8861 1,9659 2,0605 2,1779 2,3357 2,5882 3,3151
500 1,6987 1,7543 1,8158 1,8851 1,9647 2,0591 2,1763 2,3338 2,5857 3,3101
600 1,6981 1,7537 1,8152 1,8844 1,9639 2,0582 2,1753 2,3326 2,5841 3,3068
700 1,6977 1,7532 1,8147 1,8838 1,9634 2,0576 2,1745 2,3317 2,5829 3,3044
800 1,6975 1,7529 1,8143 1,8835 1,9629 2,0571 2,1740 2,3310 2,5820 3,3027
900 1,6972 1,7527 1,8141 1,8832 1,9626 2,0567 2,1735 2,3305 2,5813 3,3014
1000 1,6970 1,7525 1,8139 1,8829 1,9623 2,0564 2,1732 2,3301 2,5807 3,3002
10000 1,6956 1,7509 1,8121 1,8810 1,9602 2,0540 2,1704 2,3267 2,5763 3,2915
20000 1,6955 1,7508 1,8120 1,8809 1,9601 2,0539 2,1702 2,3265 2,5761 3,2911
30000 1,6955 1,7507 1,8120 1,8809 1,9600 2,0538 2,1702 2,3265 2,5760 3,2908
40000 1,6954 1,7507 1,8120 1,8808 1,9600 2,0538 2,1702 2,3264 2,5759 3,2908