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Qartuli Me-8 Maswavleblis Wigni
Qartuli Me-8 Maswavleblis Wigni
qarTuli ena da
literatura
8
maswavleblis wigni
gamomcemloba `meridiani~
Tbilisi 2012
qarTuli ena da literatura
VIII klasi
maswavleblis wigni
ISBN 978-9941-10-537-1
gamomcemloba `meridiani~,
Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 239-15-22, 214 77 11
E-mail: meridiani777@gmail.com
3
sakiTxavi masalis nawili SerCeulia Cven mier. es aris:
1. r. inaniSvili, `samgori~;
2. g. rCeuliSvili, `usaxelo ufliscixeli~;
3. m. lebaniZe, `ufliscixesTan~;
4. h. hese, `poeti~;
5. C. dikensi, `wuTisofeli~;
6. saadi, `aRzrdisaTvis~;
7. nizami ganjeli (lamaz qristian qalze vloculob);
8. o’ henri, `siyvarulis msaxureba~;
9. l. goTua, `yinwvisis angelozi~;
10. g. tabiZisa da olRa okujavas piradi werilebi.
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wignSi calke rubrikis (`es sainteresoa~) saxiT mocemulia damatebiTi informacia ama
Tu im teqstis Sesaxeb; aseve calke rubrikis saxiT vTavazobT moswavleebs amonaridebs
cnobili kritikosebis naazrevidan (`Tvalsazrisi~), rac maT, Cveni azriT, gauadvilebs
ama Tu im teqstis gaazrebas da daexmareba sakuTari poziciis CamoyalibebaSi.
calke rubrikad aris gamoyofili agreTve `sadiskusio klubi~, romlis mizanic aseve
sakuTari mosazrebis gamoTqma da argumentirebaa.
sakiTxav teqstebs axlavs saweri davalebebi. vecadeT, rom es davalebebi sakmaod
mravalferovani da moswavleTaTvis saintereso yofiliyo. Cveni azriT, aq warmodgeni-
li saweri davalebebi xels Seuwyobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli we-
ris strategiebis dauflebas. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vamaxvilebT funqciuri weris
elementebze. Tu maswavlebeli arasakmarisad CaTvlis am savarjiSoebs, ra Tqma unda, mas
SeuZlia maTi Secvla da gamravalferovneba sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.
`maswavleblis wigni~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. masSi mo-
cemulia mxolod ramdenime sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari. scenarebSi CavrTeT is uaxlesi
meTodebi, romelTa didi nawili axla ikidebs fexs da SesaZloa, am kuTxiT saintereso
aRmoCndes maswavleblisaTvis. scenarebis bolos miTiTebulia `mosalodneli Sedegebi~,
rac saTanado kodiT aris aRniSnuli. ra Tqma unda, aq warmodgenili `scenarebi~ mxolod
saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. pedagogs SeuZlia Secvalos Tavisi Sexedulebisame-
br meTodi, saaTebisa da saorientacio drois ganawileba, aqtivobebi... aqve CavurTeT is
sainformacio masalac, romelic SesaZloa, maswavlebels dasWirdes ama Tu im teqstis da-
muSavebisas. es `damatebiTi informaciebi~ mxolod maswavleblisaTvis aris gankuTvnili.
pedagogis gadasawyvetia, ra saxiT gamoiyenebs mas gakveTilze.
nimuSis saxiT maswavlebels aqve vTavazobT qarTuli enisa da literaturis progra-
ma-silabuss. es silabusic, iseve rogorc Cven mier warmodgenili sagakveTilo scenarebi,
saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. imedi gvaqvs, rom igi daexmareba praqtikos maswavle-
bels saswavlo masalis dagegmvaSi.
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programa-silabusi nimuSi
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I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~ (16 sT)
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gramatika _ metyvelebis nawilebi, formacvalebadi da formaucvleli metyvelebis
nawilebi, srulmniSvnelovani da damxmare sityvebi, winadadebis wevris raoba. 4 sT.
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ena _ gramatika: qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba, funqcionaluri sti-
lis sakiTxebi, publicistika, publicisturi teqstis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi. 3 sT.
5. Sejameba _ 1 s.
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VII Tema: `wuTisofeli asea~ (16 sT)
10
teqsti: l. goTua, `yinwvisis angelozi~;
ena _ stilis raoba, funqcionaluri stilis saxeebi: samecniero, publicisturi, ofi-
cialur-saqmiani da mxatvruli, maTi maxasiaTeblebi (zogadad). 3 sT.
3) wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi _ am kursis mosmenis Semdeg moswavles unda SeeZlos:
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gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;
• sxvadasxva Janris literaturuli teqstis Seqmnis procesSi cxovrebiseuli da
SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba;
• werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi damokidebulebebis
sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena;
• qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da universaluri literatu-
ruli Temebis urTierTkavSiris aRqma-gaazreba (ix. erovnuli saswavlo gegma. qar-
Tuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standarti).
SeniSvna:
a) silabusSi mocemuli masala ganawilebulia 140 saaTze. 20 saaTs maswavlebels vu-
tovebT gegmuri weriTi samuSaoebisaTvis, agreTve _ damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis.
b) saaTebis ganawileba saorientacioa. maTi Secvla maswavlebels SeuZlia sakuTari
Sexedulebisamebr.
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sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi
miznebi:
mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba;
wakiTxulis mimarT damokidebulebis gamoxatva;
sakuTari azris dasabuTeba;
diskusiisa da kamaTis xelovnebis TanadaTanobiT daufleba;
kiTxvisa da weris strategiebis daufleba;
zepiri da werilobiTi teqstebisaTvis formisa da stilis SerCeva;
enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis marTebuli gamoyeneba;
punqtuaciur-intonaciuri, stiluri, orTografiuli Cvevebis formireba.
I-II gakveTili
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cxvars gamokvebavdnen. garda amisa, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba yizilbaSi mecixovneebisga-
nac iyo Sewuxebuli. momTabare gadamTielTagan mTisa da baris Seviwroeba erT xalxur
leqsSi asea gadmocemuli:
`baxtrions sxedan TaTrebi,
sityvas amboben Znelsao:
axmetas avWriT venaxsa,
Sig davasaxlebT elsao~.
iranis politikas dokumenturad asaxavs imJamindeli sparsuli istoriuli sabuTe-
bi, romlebic xelnawerTa erovnul centrsa da saxelmwifo arqivSia daculi.
Sah-abas II-is istorikosis mohamed Taheris gadmocemiT: `radgan elebs imis miswrafe-
ba hqondaT, rom qarTvelebze ebatonaT, am or xalxs Soris dava da Cxubi gaCnda~. ajanyebi-
saTvis safuZveli mzad iyo. misi mizezi ki udanaSaulo mRvdlis Tavs datrialebuli ube-
dureba gaxda. istorikos beri egnataSvilis gadmocemiT: `...xolo warvida xucesi igi da
mivida duSeTs. zogad isxden zaal erisTavi da coli misi, dauCoqa xucesman da SesCivla:
`Sen zaal erisTavi xaro da kaxeTis gamgebelio, gaaoxres sruliad kaxeTi usjuloTa aga-
rianTa da me gzazed Semipyres da xelSekruli ganmxrwnes da hyves Cem zeda saqme saTqme-
lad uSveri. da aw amisi magieri pasuxi RmerTs Sen miec da Sen unda gasce, vinaTgan Senda
rwmunebul aris kaxeTi~ (beri egnataSvili).
ajanyebis saerTo xelmZRvaneloba zaal aragvis erisTavma iTava. brZolaSi aSkara
monawileoba mas ar miuRia. ajanyebis uSualo xelmZRvanelebi iyvnen biZina ColoyaSvili,
Salva qsnis erisTavi da misi Zma biZina, zaal erisTavis vaJi zurabi, TuSi zezva gafrin-
dauli, xevsuri nodara xoSarauli da sxvebi.
aragvis laSqars zaal erisTavis vaJi zurabi sardlobda. qsnis erisTavis laSqars
Salva da elizbari meTaurobdnen. aragvisa da qsnis saerisTaoebis mebrZolebi baxtrio-
nis sanaxebSi dabanakdnen. TuS-fSav-xevsurTa laSqari da kaxeTis baris laSqari alaverds
miuaxlovdnen. ajanyebulebma baxtrionisa da alaverdis cixeebs erTdroulad Seuties.
qarTvelebma mters musri gaavles. Semdeg ki maT kaxeTis sxva adgilebSi mcxovreb Turqma-
nebze miitanes ieriSi. mravali maTgani daxoces. elebis mxolod mcire nawili gadarCa
cocxali. maT gaqceviT uSveles Tavs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ajanyebulebi Segnebulad ar dasxmian Tavs aRjayalis cixes, sadac
ijda kaxeTis erTi nawilis mmarTveli murTaz yuli-xani. es saSualebas aZlevda zaal eri-
sTavs daefara ajanyebaSi sakuTari monawileoba da Sahis karze gagzavnil arzebSi ajanye-
bis mizezad kaxeTis meore nawilis mmarTvelis aliyuli-xan qengerlus `cud qceva~ gamo-
ecxadebina.
iranis samefo karma saqarTveloSi momxdari ajanyebis Sesaxeb gamoZieba Caatara da
Semdeg daskvnamde mivida: `TuSebma, romelTac maRali mTebi da xSiri tyeebi da ugzooba
faravda, borotmoqmedeba da mzakvroba iwyes. ali-yuli-xanic ar iCenda elebis mimarT
iseT mzrunvelobas, rogoric saWiro iyo. zaal erisTavsac imis ganzraxva hqonda, rom
kaxeTis `olqis~ damoukidebeli mmarTveli gamxdariyo. misi survili ar ganxorcielda da
dafaruli brazis gamo es im xalxs aqezebda. imis Semdeg, roca man Sahis maRali sasaxlidan
wasvlis nebarTva miiRo, saqarTveloSi Cavida da SfoTis gaZlierebis mizezad, areulo-
bis wyarod da urCobis arsad gadaiqca~ (mohamed Taheri).
zaal erisTavis dasja gadawyvetili iyo. Sahma vaxtang V-s (Sahnavazi) misi mokvla
ubrZana. vaxtangi iZulebuli iyo es brZaneba Seesrulebina. 1660 wels zaal erisTavi,
qarTlis mefis brZanebiT, misive ZmiSvilebma mokles. amis Semdeg ajanyebis sxva monawi-
leebic gatydnen. biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebi Sahs eaxlnen da
patieba sTxoves. Sahma isini TurqmanTa im tomebs gadasca, romelTa metomeebi kaxelebma
gaJlites. maT qarTveli gmirebi saSineli wamebiT daxoces 1662 wlis 18 seqtembers - aso-
aso aWres da Semdeg Tavebi mohkveTes. arsebobs gadmocema, rom ajanyebulTa Tavebi moi-
pares kaTolike misionerebma, rogorc wminda relikvia, xolo maTi nawilebi gadmoasvenes
saqarTveloSi da dakrZales ikorTaSi. isini qarTulma eklesiam wmindanebad Seracxa, xse-
nebis dRe _ 18 seqtemberi.
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besarion kaTalikosma (orbeliSvilma) wamebul gmirebs uZRvna agiografiuli Txzu-
leba: `Sesxma wmidaTa mowameTa biZinasi, Salva da elizbarisa da uwyebaÁ wamebisa maTisa~.
saerTo saxalxo ajanyebis gmirebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs `qarTlis cxovreba~, irane-
li mematiane mohamed Taheri, qarTuli eTnografiuli masalebi, mxatvruli literatu-
ris Zeglebi _ akaki wereTlis, grigol orbelianis, vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoebebi.
1959 wels qarTvelTa mier mopovebulma gamarjvebam kaxeTi gadaSenebisagan ixsna. am
brZolaSi monawile qarTveli vaJkacebis saxelebi ki ukvdavyo.
Teimuraz I (1589-1663ww.)
kaxeTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis mefe, Ze daviT mefisa da qeTevan dedoflisa, saqarTve-
los damoukideblobisaTvis daucxromeli mebrZoli, aRorZinebis xanis gamorCeuli po-
eti.
1612 wels osmaleTTan dazavebis Semdeg Sah-abasma qarTl-kaxeTisaTvis moicala. mas
ganzraxuli hqonda qarTl-kaxeTis ayra, aq mahmadianuri mosaxleobis Casaxleba da ira-
nisadmi uSualod daqvemdebarebuli saxanoebis Seqmna. am miznis misaRwevad mas pirvel
rigSi mefeebi da mmarTveli dinastiis sxva warmomadgenlebi unda moeSorebina Tavidan.
Sahis gegmebs saqarTveloSic kargad xvdebodnen. Teimurazsa da luarsabs erTmaneTi-
saTvis fici miuciaT, rom `erTsulovanni da erTazrovanni~ iqnebodnen (araqel Tavri-
zeli). 1612 wels Sahma Teimurazi da luarsabi mazandarnSi daibara nadirobis sababiT,
Tumca mefeebi ar wavidnen, rac aSkara amboxs niSnavda. 1613 wels Sahi daiZra qarTl-kaxe-
Tisken da ganjaSi dabanakda. man mZevlebad moiTxova Teimurazis Svilebi da dedofali
qeTevani. Teimurazi iZulebuli gaxda deda da Svilebi gaegzavna. 1614 wels Sahi kaxeTSi
SemoiWra da 50 dRis ganmavlobaSi miwasTan gaaswora ayvavebuli qveyana. Teimurazi brZo-
liT ixevda qarTlisaken. arc luarsabs hyavda sakmarisi Zalebi da oriveni imereTSi ga-
daixvewnen. kaxeTis mmarTvelad Sahma gamahmadianebuli kaxi batoniSvili isa-xani daniSna.
1615 wels, rodesac osmaleTis armia mehmed faSas meTaurobiT iranis sazRvrebs
miadga, kaxelebs imedi miecaT da ajanydnen. ajanyebulebma, daviT jandieris xelmZRva-
nelobiT, sul gawyvites alaverdis taZarSi Cayenebuli yizilbaSTa garnizoni da saswra-
fod Teimurazi moiwvies. Teimurazi Camovida kaxeTSi da daiwyo yizilbaSTagan kaxeTis
cixeebis gawmenda. amasobaSi Sahma isev Sekriba jari da cnobili sardlis, ali-yuli-xanis
meTaurobiT Seutia kaxeTs. Teimurazma amjeradac moaxerxa mtris damarcxeba.
1616 wels Sah-abasi uzarmazari jariT qarTlSi Semovida. aqedan Seusia razme-
bi kaxeTs. Teimurazi, romelic iranze osmalTa Setevas moeloda, gaecala Sahs da isev
imereTSi gadavida. mtris xelSi darCenili qveyana udides gasaWirSi Cavarda. kaxelebi
TavganwirviT igeriebdnen mters yvelgan, yvela simagresTan, cixesa da qalaqTan, magram
mtris simravles ver audiodnen. yizilbaSebi gzadagza Cexdnen nargavebs, wvavdnen so-
flebs, datyvevebul mosaxleobas iranSi erekebodnen. qveyana `daingra da miwasTan iqna
gasworebuli~ (iskander munSi). 1616-1617 wlebSi Sahi kidev orjer SemoiWra kaxeTSi, mo-
spo da daangria Tu ram darCeniliyo. am Semosevebisas kaxeTma dakarga mosaxleobis ori
mesamedi. iraneli istorikosis azriT, es Teimurazis moRalateobrivi politikis, misi
`uwesobisa da urCobis~ Sedegi iyo.
Teimurazi gautexeli mebrZoli iyo. masze Sahma saSinlad iZia Suri _ daasaWurisa
misi vaJebi, ramac imsxverpla kidec erT-erTi maTgani, xolo qeTevan dedofali ki 1624
wels saSineli wamebiT mokla.
1625 wels iranis winaaRmdeg kvlav aRdga qarTli da kaxeTi giorgi saakaZis meTau-
robiT. ajanyebulebma ramdenime dReSi gawmindes qarTl-kaxeTi yizilbaSTagan, magram am
brZolebs Sahis armiis naxevaric Seewira. Turqi istorikosis ibrahim feCevis TqmiT, `Sahs
ormoci wlis ganmavlobaSi aseTi zarali ar mosvlia~.
1626 wels Teimurazi da giorgi saakaZe isev erTad ibrZvian yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg,
aTavisufleben qarTl-kaxeTis cixeebs, magram saakaZis gandidebam gaaRiziana didgvaro-
vani Tavadebi, SuRli Camovarda giorgisa da Teimurazs Sorisac. iskander munSis cnobiT,
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`mouravsa da Teimurazs Soris erTmaneTisadmi SiSi gaCnda, bolos aiSalnen da erTmaneTs
daSordnen.~ saqarTvelos istoriis umZimesi ZmaTamkvleli omi, romelic bazaleTis tba-
stan gaimarTa, Teimurazisa da misi momxre Tavadebis gamarjvebiT damTavrda. amis Semdeg
Teimurazma Sida qarTli daikava. Sahi iZulebuli gaxda xeli aeRo Tavis gegmaze da Tei-
murazi qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebuli samefos mefed ecno, magram formalurad Sahis
erTguli svimon-xani isev ise rCeboda qarTlis gamgeblad.
1620-1624 wlebSi, rodesac giorgi saakaZis TaosnobiT igegmeboda ajanyebis momzade-
ba iranel dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg, Teimurazi osmaleTidan cdilobda daxmarebis miRe-
bas. 1618-1623 wlebSi man ruseTsac mimarTa, Tumca am mcdelobebs Sedegi ar mohyolia. 1622
wels Teimurazma romis papTan daxmarebis saTxovnelad gaagzavna nikifore ColayaSvili,
romelic 1629 wels mxolod papis gamamxnevebeli weriliT dabrunda. Sah-abasis gegmis Ca-
Slisa da iranTan vasaluri urTierTobis aRdgenis Semdegac Teimurazi agrZelebs brZo-
las amierkavkasiidan iranis gandevnisaTvis. amis gamo hqonia mas miwer-mowera sulTan mu-
rad IV-sTan (1623-1640), romelic garkveul imedebs usaxavda uTanasworo brZolaSi Cabmul
mefes. 1630 wels sulTnisagan Teimurazi damaimedebel werils iRebs: `... Cemi locva da ke-
Tilganwyoba Senkenaa mimarTuli... Cemi sapatio xalaTebidan sixarulis momgvreli erTi
xalaTi giwyalobeT da giboZeT,... mTeli Seni laSqriTa da xalxis gamoCenili pirebiT mo-
emzade da, Tu maRalma alahma ineba, roca Cemi Zlevamosili saxelganTqmuli sardali mag
mxarisaken wamova, xolo saqarTvelos amirebi mag mxarisaken daiZrebian, Senc saTanado
adgilas maT SeuerTdi... ZalmosilebiT Seudeqi saZageli yizilbaSis Jletas, vaJkacurad,
mamacurad da gabedulad gaisarje, islamis sarwmunoebisadmi sakadrisi Tavgameteba da
sibejiTe gamoiCine...~
amave periodSi aqtiurad ganixileboda amierkavkasiel xalxTa gaerTianebuli brZo-
lis gegma iranel dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg ruseTisa da osmaleTis daxmarebiT. miuxedavad
didi mcdelobebisa, gegmas ar ewera ganxorcieleba _ saqarTvelosa da somxeTs ar gaaCnda
saWiro Zala, xolo maTi droebiTi politikuri mokavSireebi ar iyvnen saimedoni. Teimu-
razis gaTvlebi Zalebis realuri Tanafardobidan ar gamomdinareobda.
1631 wels Teimurazis siZem zurab erisTavma qarTlis nominaluri mmarTveli, simon-
xani, mokla. Teimurazi faqtobrivad mTel qarTl-kaxeTs daeufla. mxolod TbilisSi
idga yizilbaSTa jari. Teimurazma Sah-sefis gulis mosagebad sakuTari siZec, zura-
bic moakvlevina da Tavisi daqvrivebuli qaliSvili colad imereTis mefis giorgis Zes,
aleqsandres misca. Sah-sefim oficialurad cno Teimurazi qarTl-kaxeTis mefed. am pe-
riodis Sesaxeb mefe arCili Tavis `gabaasebaSi~ ase aTqmevinebs Teimurazs:
1629 wels Sah-abasi gardaicvala da iranis taxti daikava Sah-sefi I-ma. misi favori-
ti xosro-mirza (momavali rostom mefe) Sahis karze Teimurazis winaaRmdeg moqmedebda
da mis Sesacvlelad emzadeboda. Teimurazi isev daufaravad ibrZoda iranis winaaRmdeg,
Tumca qveyanas saamiso Zala aRar gaaCnda. man rostomis mcdelobiT iranidan gamoZeve-
bul yarabaRis beglarbeg daud-xan undilaZesTan erTad daarbia barda da yarabaRi, ra-
mac Sahis risxva gamoiwvia. didi mcdelobiTa da kompromisebis gziT miRweuli mSvidobis
SenarCuneba qveyanaSi ukve SeuZlebeli iyo.
Teimurazis RalatiT ganrisxebulma Sah-sefim misgan daud-xanis gacema moiTxova,
razedac uari miiRo. `rostom-xansa da mis momxreT marjve SemTxveva miecaT, rostomis xa-
noba mefobad daemSvenebinaT~ (iv. javaxiSvili). 1632 wels rostomi qarTlis mefed, xolo
kaxeTis mmarTvelad yizilbaSi selim-xani daniSnes. iranis armia isev Semoesia saqarTve-
los. Teimurazma imereTs Seafara Tavi.
marTalia, rostomis dros qarTlSi mSvidoba damyarda, magram mahmadiani mefis yi-
zilbaSuri wesebiT `Sezavebul mSvidobas~ qarTlis Tavadebi ver eguebodnen, isev Teimu-
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razs ugzavnidnen `saficris wignebs~ da mefed iwvevdnen. Teimurazma ramdenjerme gaila-
Sqra rostomis winaaRmdeg, magram sabolood damarcxda. igi kaxeTSi gadavida, gaaZeva iqi-
dan selim-xani da 1634 wels daikava kaxeTi. mas Semdeg, rac rostoms yizilbaSTagan samxe-
dro Zala wamoeSvela, Teimurazi dauzavda rostoms, Tavisi qaliSvili TinaTini ki Sahs
gaugzavna. man Sahisagan kaxeTis mefed `cnobis~ rayami miiRo. daucxromeli Teimurazi
SemdgomSic agrZelebda brZolas qarTlis taxtisaTvis qarTlel TavadTa erTi jgufis
mxardaWeriT, Tumca yvela misi gamosvla marcxiT mTavrdeboda. amasTan, igi ar wyvetda
ruseTTan da osmaleTTan molaparakebebs, romlebic kvlav uSedegod mTavrdeboda. 1639
wels iran-osmaleTis xangrZlivi omi dasrulda zaviT, romelmac gaimeora amasiis zavis
pirobebi _ dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi `saqarTveloebis~ or nawilad, iranisa da osmale-
Tis gavlenis sferoebad dayofisa.
rostomisa da Teimurazis dazaveba ver moxerxda. 1648 wels rostomi qarTlisa da
yizilbaSTa jariT kaxeTs Seesia. Teimurazi isev damarcxda. brZolaSi daiRupa misi vaJi
daviTi. damarcxebul Teimurazs, romelic misma momxreebmac gawires, rostomma imereTSi
gadasvlis saSualeba misca. Teimurazma sabolood dakarga kaxeTi. amasobaSi rostommac
moigo qarTvelebis guli da qveyanaSi nanatri mSvidoba Camovarda.
Teimurazi am marcxis Semdegac ganagrZobda mokavSireTa Zebnas imereTsa da samegre-
loSi. iransa da osmaleTs Soris dadebuli zavis gamo mas osmaleTis imedic gadaewura da
mTeli yuradReba ruseTisaken mimarTa, sadac mZevlad sakuTari SviliSvilic gaagzavna.
realuri daxmareba arc iqidan Canda. 1661 wels sasowarkveTili Teimurazi berad aRikveca.
igi jer skandis cixeSi cxovrobda, bolos ki Sahnavazis CagonebiT (vaxtang V) Sahs eaxla,
rac iranis sabolood gamarjvebas niSnavda. `mters damorCilda sparsel dampyrobTa wi-
naaRmdeg ormocdaaTwlovani brZolis mesaWe~ (n. berZeniSvili).
sikvdilis win Teimurazi astarabadis cixeSi imyofeboda. igi daamwyvdies mas Semdeg,
rac misi SviliSvili, erekle batoniSvili, ar gamocxadda SahTan. mravalWirgadaxdili
mefe 1663 wels 74 wlis asakSi gardaicvala.
qarTveli istorikosebis SefasebiT, rostomma gaimarjva Tavisi zomieri politikiT
_ igi ZiriTadad misaRebi iyo qarTvelTaTvis da sasurveli iranisaTvis, romelsac mo-
sveneba hqonda dakarguli Teimurazis gauTavebeli brZoliT. igi iaraRiT cdilobda im
saqmis gakeTebas, rasac rostomi mSvidobiani gziT aRwevda. Teimurazis nabijebi xSirad
ar emyareboda ZalTa Tanafardobis adekvatur Sefasebas; misi gmiruli da Tavganwiruli
suliskveTeba qveyanas sisxlismRvrel omebad ujdeboda, magram am daucxromeli mebrZo-
lis Seurigeblobam irani aiZula did daTmobebze wasuliyo.
qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi Teimuraz mefem waruSleli kvali datova. misi Se-
moqmedeba mravalmxrivia rogorc Janrobrivad, ise Sinaarsobrivad. man daamkvidra qar-
Tul poeziaSi `gabaaseba~ da `anbanTqeba~, Semoitana saistorio eposi, `majama~, rogorc
poetur TxzulebaTa `krebuli~ da sxv. misi Semoqmedeba moicavs sparsulidan gadmokeTe-
bul da originalur nawarmoebebs. iranSi yofnisas yrma Teimurazma zedmiwevniT Seiswavla
sparsuli ena _ `iswavebda wignsa da enasa sparsTasa~(`qarTlis cxovreba~, II). mas ekuTvnis
aRmosavlur samyaroSi farTod gavrcelebuli romantikuli siuJetebis _ iusufisa da
zuleixas, leilisa da majnunis, Samisa da farvanis, vardisa da bulbulis _ gadamuSave-
bebi. mkvlevarTa azriT, es SedarebiT Tavisufali gardaTqmaa, romlebSic Teimurazi
gvevlineba sparsuli enisa da am samyaros kulturuli garemos SesaniSnav mcodned. ira-
nis winaaRmdeg daucxromeli mebrZoli didad afasebda am qveynis kulturas da SesaniSnav
sparsul mwerlobas: `sparsTa enisa sitkboman masurva musikobanio~. misi poemebi, rogorc
Tavad ambobs, `pirvel sparsTagan Tqmulia..., qarTulad gaTargmnulia~.
Teimurazis originalur SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs `gabaasebis~
(aRmosavleTSi cnobili `munazares~) JanrSi daweril Txzulebas `gazafxul-Semodgomia-
ni~, romelsac erTvis `soflis samduravi~, sadac avtori mogviTxrobs Tavisi tragikuli
cxovrebis umZimesi epizodebis Sesaxeb.
Teimurazma Seqmna religiuri da saero lirikis sayuradRebo nimuSebi. mis Semoqme-
debaSi mZlavrad gaismis religiuri motivi _ gulwrfeli, Rrma da sinanuliT aRsavse.
17
misi Txzuleba `SvidTa krebaTaTvis~, romelic CaxruxauliTaa dawerili, exeba eklesi-
is istorias; CamoTvlilia is krebebi, romlebzec mwvalebloba ganaqiqes. mas ekuTvnis
agreTve sami `anbanTqeba~, romlebic aseve religiuri Sinaarsisaa.
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos Teimurazis `majama~, romelic ar warmoadgens mxolod
omonimebis Semcvel nawarmoebs. rogorc poeti ambobs, `leqsTa RaribTa, ucxoTa, ro-
mel ars gamokrebili. . . sparsulad hqvian majama, Seyrilad iTargmaneba~. es sagangebod
SerCeuli wignebis an leqsebis krebulia, sadac poeti amkobs amqveyniur mSvenierebas,
saubrobs Tavis savalalo bedze da sxv. masSi gaerTianebuli odebi aRbeWdilia Rrma li-
rizmiT, poeturi siRrmiTa da moxdenili mxatvruli saxeebiT. `majama~ ara marto Teimu-
razis, aramed saerTod, qarTuli poeziis saukeTeso nimuSadaa miCneuli (k. kekeliZe).
vaxtang V (igive Sahnavaz I), qarTlis mefe 1658-1676 wlebSi, Ze Teimuraz muxranbatoni-
sa, rostom mefis Svilobili, muxranuli Stos fuZemdebeli qarTlis samefo taxtze.
18
reTis mefis aleqsandre III-is gardacvalebis (1660) Semdeg vaxtangma imereTSi dawyebuli
areulobiT isargebla da 1661 wels imereTis taxtze Tavisi ufrosi Svili _ arCili dasva.
faqtobrivad vaxtangis gavlena kaxeTsac swvdeboda. amave dros, vaxtangis momxreebma
daarwmunes `yovelgniT uRono-qmnili kaxT batoni Teimurazi yaenTan wasuliyo, riTac
iranis gulic moigo (vaxuSti batoniSvili). amrigad, vaxtangma droebiT, magram mainc
moaxerxa saqarTvelos gaerTianeba da qveyanaSi stabilurobis damyareba: `da mefobda
mefe vaxtang samTave samefoTa qarTlisa, kaxeTisa da imereTisa zeda da esreT gandidna
da aRemata mefoba da simdidre misi saqarTvelosa Sina~ (beri egnataSvili).
magram vaxtangis Sida politikur warmatebebs safrTxe garedan daemuqra. 1639 wels
iran-osmaleTs Soris dadebulma zavma aRadgina amasiis 1555 wlis pirobebi, rac niSnavda,
rom dasavleTi saqarTvelo osmaleTis, aRmosavleTi _ iranis gavlenis sferoebad iqna
aRiarebuli. arCilis imereTSi gamefebam sulTnis mwvave reaqcia gamoiwvia. Seqmnili sa-
erTaSoriso politikuri viTarebis gamo vaxtang V iZulebuli gaxda arCili imereTidan
gamoewvia. man mxolod sami weli (1661-1663 ww.) imefa dasavleT saqarTveloSi. imereTis
taxtis sanacvlod Sah-abas II-m 1644 wels arCils kaxeTi uboZa. kaxeTis taxtze poziciebis
gansamtkiceblad vaxtang da arCil mefeebs ramdenime brZolis gamarTva mouxdaT Teimu-
raz I-is SviliSvilTan - erekle daviTis ZesTan (SemdgomSi erekle I nazarali-xani), ro-
melsac kaxi didebulebi uWerdnen mxars. vaxtangma da arCilma gaimarjves, Tumca erekles
momxre feodalebis SfoTi ar damcxrala. mefes kvlav aragvis erisTavi daupirispirda.
vaxuSti batoniSvilis gadmocemiT, `scna arCil, rameTu oTar aragvis erisTavi da Zma-
ni misni ezraxvian gamefebad erekles~. zomieri sagareo-politikuri kursis mimdevari
vaxtang V aragvis erisTavTan kaxeTis gamo Camovardnili konfliqtis gamo iranis SahTan
urTierTobis daZabvas moerida ( aragvis erisTavs mamuli iranis Sahisagan hqonda damtki-
cebuli), arCil mefes ki urCi feodalisaTvis yma-mamulis CamorTmeva surda. maSin, ro-
desac oTar erisTavi iranSi gaemgzavra, arCil da vaxtang mefeebma duSeTi dalaSqres.
qarTlSi dabrunebul oTars mefem daubruna erisTaoba. aragvis saerisTavos damorCile-
bis Semdeg aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi simSvide damyarda.
Tavad iZulebiT gamahmadianebuli qarTlis mefe yovelmxriv uwyobda xels qristia-
nuli eklesiebis gaZlierebasa da moSlili qristianuli wesebis aRdgenas: vaxtangma `mata
rjulsa qristianobisasa da eklesiaTa, rameTu mcdelobda, raTa rostomis ganryunilni
moego kualad kualsave Tvissa, vinaiTgan Jamsa missa ziareba sisxlisa da xorcisa uflisa
sircxvlad uCndaT, aman kaTalikoziT domentiT kualad Semoiyvanna aRsarebad da ziare-
bad~ (vaxuSti). saeklesio saqmeebis mosawesrigeblad eklesiis saTaveSi man Caayena kaTa-
likosi domenti (1660-1675 ww.), romlis xelmZRvanelobiT `ganSuendes wmidani eklesiani
da monasterni da yovelnive wesni eklesiaTani ganmravldes saqarTvelosa Sina mizeziTa
ZeTa mefisa SahnavazisaTa~ (beri egnataSvili). vaxtangis droindel religiur situacia-
ze frangi mogzauri da vaWari Jan Sardeni werda: TbilisSi arc erTi meCeTi ar aris. miuxe-
davad imisa, rom es qalaqi mahmadianur saxelmwifos ekuTvnis da mas mTeli misi mimdebare
teritoriebiTurT mahmadiani mTavari ganagebs. sparselebi arafers ar iSurebdnen imi-
saTvis, rom aq meCeTi aeSenebinaT, magram saqme bolomde verasodes ver miuyvaniaT. xalxi
maSinve aRdgeboda xolme, iaraRiT xelSi angrevda nagebobas da sastikad uswordeboda
mSeneblebs. saqarTvelos mTavrebi gulis siRrmeSi metad kmayofilni iyvnen xalxis ambo-
xebebiT, Tumca garegnulad sawinaaRmdegos gamoxatavdnen (Sardeni).
vaxtangma daiwyo avbedobis Jams mosaxleobisagan daclili teritoriebis moSeneba:
`aman aRaSena da ganavso qarTli, TrialeTi, taSiri, aboci, romelsa Sina kacni ara iyvnen~
(vaxuSti).
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri aRmavlobisaTvis zrunvam vaxtang V-s naTlad daanaxa
vaWrobis gafarToebis aucilebloba. igi evropeli vaWrebis mosazidad mzad iyo maTTvis
yovelgvari privilegia mieniWebina. `evropelebi, romlebic moisurveben Cemi qveynis
gavliT indoeTSi wasvlas, am qveyanaze ukeTes gzas versad ipovniano, darwmunebuli var,
Tu erTxel gaivlian am gziT, momavalSi sxva gzas aRar airCeveno - SeuTvlia mefes frangi
komersantis, SardenisaTvis. Jan Sardenis am cnobam kidev erTxel warmoaCina vaxtang V-is
19
sagareo politikis mizani, romelic iTvaliswinebda qarTl-kaxeTis iranis vasalad aRia-
rebas da mSvidobiani gziT qarTuli saqmis keTebas.
ispahanSi arsebobda Zlieri antiqarTuli dajgufeba, romelic yoveli saSualebiT
cdilobda Ziri gamoeTxara saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaken mimarTuli politikisaTvis.
am dajgufebis karnaxiT Sah suleimanma (1666-1694 ) vaxtangisa da arCilis dasasusteblad
kaxeTis taxtis memkvidre erekle batoniSvili gamoiyena. am dajgufebis meTauris, Seix
ali xanis vaxtang mefesTan dapirispirebis mizezad vaxuSti batoniSvili mefis mier Tavi-
si asulis (anuka batoniSvilis) colad micemaze uaris Tqmas asaxelebs.
Sah suleimanTan ispahans mimavali qarTlis mefe 1676 wels gzaSi gardaicvala.
somxuri wyaros cnobiT, qarTlis mefis gardacvalebis sxva versias iZleva somexi mema-
tiane zaqaria kanakerci: `ispahanTan miaxloebulma vaxtangma Seityo, rom Sahi mas wamebiT
moklavda (lomebs miugdebda), amitom sawamlavi miiRo da aResrula~.
vaxtang V-is gardacvalebis Semdeg qarTlis taxti misma Zem giorgi XI-m daikava.
amgvarad, qarTlis mefe vaxtang V-is moRvaweobis umTavresi mizani qveynis gaerTia-
neba da gaZliereba iyo. mis xelT arsebuli diplomatiuri saSualebebiT man garkveul
warmatebas miaRwia. mahmadianobis miuxedavad, vaxtang V iranis politikuri interese-
bis msaxuri arasodes gamxdara. Tavisi windaxeduli politikiT qarTls simSvide da ke-
TildReoba moupova. Cveni qveynis istoriaSi is Rirseul mamuliSvilad da did poli-
tikur moRvawed darCa.
(masalebi mozadebulia `vikipediis~ mixedviT).
20
7. saxifaTo gadawyvetileba _ ra gadawyvetilebas Rebulobs sabolood stumar-ma-
pinZeli? ra faqtorma iqonia gadamwyveti mniSvneloba zaalis dayoliebisaTvis? raze
migvaniSnebs amiT mwerali?
aqtivoba 5. Sefaseba;
III-IV gakveTili
21
keTili damokidebuleba sufevs. calkea aragvisa da qsnis saerisTavoebi, misi erisTave-
bi qarTlis mefis politikiT maincdamainc kmayofilebi ar Canan, Tumca aSkarad mefes _
vaxtang V-s _ ar upirispirdebian. sruliad calke moCans imereTis samefo. gaixseneT ime-
reTidan gadmoxvewili glaxa baqraZis sityvebi, `samSoblos~ rom emSvidobeboda. qristia-
noba safrTxis winaSea, taZrebi Seuracxyves, wirva-locva aRar ismis... xalxi ukmayofiloa
Seqmnili viTarebiT da amaSi, pirvel rigSi, mefeTa araswor saxelmwifo politikas Tvlis.
gamusulmanebul Sah-navazs Seuracxmyofeli saxeliT (`winadacveTili~) moixsenieben. ki-
dev ufro ukmayofiloni arian kaxelebi Teimuraz I-is politikiT. teqstSi aSkarad ikve-
Teba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos (kaxeTis samefos) politikuri orientaciis sakiTxi _ ro-
meli dampyrobi `sjobs~: qristianuli ruseTi Tu mahmadianuri sparseTi. rac Seexeba ga-
naTlebasa da mwerlobas, rogorc teqstidan irkveva, sasulieroze metad axalgazrdobas
saero mwerloba ufro izidavs, amis gamoa, rom saxarebaze metad `vefxistyaosans~ kiTxu-
loben da mis gmirebs baZaven. miuxedavad qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime socialuri da poli-
tikuri viTarebisa, qarTuli mwerloba viTardeba. amis nimuSia Teimuraz I-is Semoqmedeba.
_ Tqveni azriT, romeli literaturuli gmiria Tavidan bolomde avtoris fantaziis
nayofi? ras vgebulobT teqstidan mis Sesaxeb? glaxo baqraZis (igive baSi-aCuki) romel
Tvisebebs gamoyofT? daasabuTeT teqstis mixedviT.
_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom Semoiyvana mwerlma imereli personaJi nawarmoebSi? (pasu-
xi: amiT surs xazi gausvas, rom kaxeTSi Seqmnili politikuri viTareba saerTo qarTuli
satkivaria).
22
_ rogor cvlis dampyrobi Tavis politikas?
_ ra Sedegi gamoiRo am politikam qveyanaSi?..
aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba:
aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: waikiTxon teqstis me-5, me-6, me-7, me-8 Tavebi, Seadginon
gegma Sinaarsis gadmosacemad, moZebnon da moiniSnon teqstSi dialeqtizmebi, arqaizmebi,
saliteraturo enidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebi; aagon werilobiTi teqsti saxelmZRvanelo-
Si miTiTebuli erT-erTi andazis mixedviT.
V-VI gakveTili
23
teqstSi? riT hgavs igi akakis Tanamedrove yofas? risTvis dasWirda mwerals istoriis
gacocxleba?
_ romeli personaJi qmnis teqstSi moRalate qarTvelebis ganzogadebul saxes?
(mayaSvili).
_ amgvari qarTvelebisTvis ra aris mTavari? rogoria maT mimarT sparsuli xelisu-
flebis damokidebuleba? qarTveli xalxisa?..
_ kidev romeli medrove qarTvelebis saxeebia teqstSi naCvenebi? (abaSiZe, jandieri,
wereTeli). daakvirdiT: romel fenas ekuTvnian es medroveni? Tqveni azriT, raze migva-
niSnebs amiT mwerali?
_ romeli axali personaJebi Semohyavs mwerals teqstSi? ras vgebulobT maT Sesaxeb
teqstidan? riTi ipyroben isini mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?..
aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba.
VII-VIII gakveTili
24
aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba:
a) barbarizmebi _ teqstSi uxvad gvxvdeba nawarmoebSi asaxuli epoqisaTvis damaxasia-
Tebeli leqsikuri erTeulebi. es, upirveles yovlisa, barbarizmebs exeba: baS-usta (diax,
batono _ Turq.), `Saitan, Saitan~, `aferum~ (`satana, satana~, `baraqala~ _ spars.), axundi
(sp. moZRvari, maswavlebeli), `salavaTi~ (arab.). am aRmosavluri barbarizmebis gamoyenebiT
mwerali qmnis saTanado istoriul fons epoqisas, romelSic mis gmirebs uxdebaT cxo-
vreba. sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom erT-erTi personaJis (Timsal-makos) metyvelebaSi
gvxvdeba rusuli barbarizmi `derciki~, rac albaT mwerals Segnebulad ar unda hqondes
gamoyenebuli.
b) antonimur wyvilebze dakvirveba:
„maSin, netarebiT gabruebuls, maRliT ca exsneboda, da axla ki, ubedurebiT sul-
SexuTuls, dedamiwa uskdeboda!~
_ moZebneT mocemul winadadebaSi antonimuri wyvilebi: 1) erTsityviani (maSin _ axla);
2) ori sityvisgan Semdgari (netarebiT gabruebuli _ ubedurebiT sulSexuTuli); 3) anto-
nimuri frazeologizmebi (ca exsneboda _ dedamiwa uskdeboda).
_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom iyenebs am xerxs mwerali? (ufro zusti, mravlismTqmeli
da xatovani rom gaxados nawarmoebis mxatvruli qsovili).
g) saliteraturo normebidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebi (qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi
araswori formiT Sewyoba, I piris formebTan piris niSnebis gamotoveba).
amgvari cdomilebebis erT-erT mizezi mwerlis sasaubro metyvelebasTan daaxloebis
survili unda iyos: `me ver vaxerxeb kecad-kecad saubars da yovelTvis ubralo sityve-
biT, mdabio qarTuliT gamovTqvam xolme Cems azrsa~ (akaki).
d) winadadebis wevrebze dakvirveba _ zmna-Semasmeneli, misi raoba, funqciebi, gamo-
xatvis saSulebani.
1. moulodneli ajanyeba;
2. kaxeTi ajanyebis Semdeg;
3. Sahis werili;
4. darbazoba vaxtangis karze;
5. saerTo gadawyvetileba.
wakiTxulis gaazrebisaTvis daismis Semdegi kiTxvebi:
_ rogoria Sah-abasis politika gamarjvebulebis mimarT? ra xerxs mimarTa man?
_ rogor fiqrobT, riT aris ganpirobebuli Sahnavazis ormagi politika dampyrobis
mimarT? daaxasiaTeT mefe vaxtangi am epizodebis mixedviT.
_ ra saSiSroebis winaSe dadga qarTli kaxelebis am ajanayebis Semdeg?
_ ra poziciaze dganan didebulebi?
_ rogor asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas zaal erisTavi? ramdenad misaRebad migaCniaT
misi es mosazreba? am personaJis ra Tvisebebi ikveTeba am monakveTSi?
_ gansakuTrebiT romeli gmiri iqcevs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?
_ ra mxatvrul xerxs mimarTavs mwerali elizbar erisTavis naazrevis gadmosacemad?
ra STabeWdilebas axdens es gmiri amiT darbazze?
_ piradad Tqvenze ra STabeWdileba moaxdina am epizodma? ramdenad damajereblad
SeZlo mweralma gadmoeca gmirebis ganwyoba da suliskveTeba?..
aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba.
25
IX-X gakveTili
26
mowyobilobaTa, TviT gmirTa garegnobis aRwerilobas, maT xasiaTebsa da yofa-cxovre-
bis asaxvas. maTi adgili `baSi-aCukSi~ zRaprul motivebs uWiravs. ... akakis arc hqonia
ganzraxuli, rom wminda istoriuli moTxroba daewera. man Tavisi Tanadrouli saqarTve-
lo gadaitana XVII saukuneSi da amgvarad kidev ufro mkafiod gamoamJRavna bedi Tavisi
drois saqarTvelosi~ (demna Sengelaia).
_ `baSi-aCukis~ gacnobis Semdeg eTanxmebiT Tu ara am mosazrebas? rogor fiqrobT,
marTla gaurbis mwerali istoriuli detalebis Cvenebas? (nawilobriv gaurbis, Tumca
cdilobs, rom personaJTa metyvelebiT, bunebis suraTebis aRweriT, istoriuli perso-
naJebis SemoyvaniT gaacocxlos is garemo, sadac es moqmedeba xdeboda).
_ `man Tavisi Tanadrouli saqarTvelo gadaitana XVII saukuneSi da amgvarad kidev
ufro mkafiod gamoamJRavna bedi Tavisi drois saqarTvelosi~, _ weria `TvalsazrisSi~.
rogor fiqrobT, rogor SeZlo es mweralma? ra akavSirebs teqstSi aRweril istoriul
faqtsa da XIX saukunis meore naxevris saqarTvelos? (orive SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelo
dapyrobilia da waSlilia politikuri rukidan, Tu XVII saukuneSi saqarTvelos calkeul
samefoebs formalurad mainc hyavdaT mefeebi, axla qarTveli mefe ruseTis mefisnacval-
ma Secvala, masac zustad is politika hqonda qarTvelebis mimarT, romelsac mwerali `ba-
Si-aCukSi~ dawvrilebiT aRwers. rogorc istoriidan gaxlavT cnobili, ruseTmac Tavisi
samxedro mmarTveloba samoqalaqo mmarTvelobiT Secvala, ramac, marTlia, eri fizikur
ganadgurebas gadaarCina, magram zneobrivad gadaagvara. mwerali kargad icnobs Tavis
TanamedroveTa yofas da yvelaze metad qveynis es zneobrivi gadagvareba uklavs guls;
awuxebs qarTuli tradiciebis ugulebelyofa, qarTuli enis SezRudva... amis Sesaxeb is
Tamamad saubrobs warsul droSi, aseve Tamamad saubrobs medroveobaze, rogorc qveynis
daRupvis erT-erT mTavar mizezze, jandieris msgavsi medroveebiT akakis Tanamedrove
saqarTvelo sakmaod `mdidari~ iyo.
_ Tqveni azriT, ra mizani hqonda akaki wereTels, `baSi-aCuks~ rom werda? (erTi
mxriv, surda, rom gaexsenebina qarTvelebisaTvis Cveni qveynis warsulis erT-erTi saama-
yo furceli, romelsac albaT bevri arc icnobda; meore mxriv _ Tavis TanamedroveebSi
aReZra protestis grZnoba mefis ruseTis mimarT, gamoefxizlebina eri).
aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba.
aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: 1) Seswavlili teqstis irgvliv Camoweron 4-5 iseTi sa-
kiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac siamovnebiT da didi interesiT daweren, amave dros, moiZion da-
matebiTi informacia am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb (repeticia akademiuri werisaTvis); 2) erTxel
kidev gadaxedon teqsts, moiniSnon saliteraturo enis normebidan gadaxvevis faqtebi,
aqve miuTiTon, rodis iyenebs maT mwerali (personaJis/avtoriseul metyvelebaSi), ratom
iyenebs (a) cdilobs Seqmnas foni; b) ar icis swori forma; g) surs dauaxlovdes xalxur
metyvelebas.
27
XI-XII gakveTili
`me mgonia, cxadi iyos yvelasTvis, rom saqarTvelos erTianobis dros enac erTi
gvqonia, Rrmad SemuSavebuli da wesieradac dakanonebuli... samefos gayofisa da da-
calkevebis Semdeg enasac xrwnileba Separvia, adgilobrivi kilo miuRia da ise Selaxula,
rom dRes is kanonieri ena aRarsad ismis~.
28
aqtivoba 2. jgufuri muSaoba: SeiZleba mwerlis enaze dakvirvebis mizniT mivmar-
ToT jgufur muSaobas: klasi iyofa ramdenime jgufad. pirvel jgufs vavalebT moiZion
teqstis me-5 TavSi aforizmebi, II jgufs _ andazebi, III jgufs _ dialeqtizmebisa da barba-
rizmebis nimuSebi, IV jgufs _ saliteraturo enis normidan gadaxvevis faqtebi, V jgufs
_ idiomaturi gamoTqmebi saTanado SesatyvisebiT (Cven amjerad arCevani am Tavze imis
gamo SevaCereT, rom igi sakmaod mdidaria amgvari formebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia misi
Secvla).
meTodis aRwera:
nimuSi:
baSi-aCuki
Tavdadebuli, erTguli
ibrZvis, uyvars, imarjvebs
Seubralebelia qveynis mtrebTan brZolaSi
gmiri
meTodis aRwera:
a) repeticia _ wina gakveTilze moswavleebs vTxoveT individualurad CamoeweraT
TemasTan (`baSi-aCuki~) dakavSirebiT 4-5 iseTi sakiTxi, romelsac siamovnebiT da didi
interesiT gaaSuqebdnen, unda moeZiebinaT saWiro masalac am sakiTxebis irgvliv (am
etapze xdeba ara mxolod sakiTxebis SerCeva, aramed maT Sesaxeb yvela SesaZlo informa-
ciis, Sexedulebisa da ideis moZieba; savaraudo sakiTxebi: istoriuli sinamdvile `baSi-
aCukSi~; mxatvruli gamonagoni `baSi-aCukSi~; qalTa saxeebi `baSi-aCukSi~, abduSahilis
saxecvla.. ).
b) Temis SerCeva _ amis Semdeg moswavleebs vTxovT: 1. dawyvildnen (an Cveni Sexedule-
bisamebr davawyvilebT); 2. daexmaron mewyviles Temis SerCevaSi (am dros SeiZleba erTma-
neTs dausvan kiTxvebi: ratom SearCie maincdamainc es sakiTxi? ra informacias flob am
sakiTxis irgvliv? ramdenad aqtualurad migaCnia es sakiTxi sadReisod?..); 3. CainiSnon
mewyvilis dasmuli sakiTxebi, radgan es weris procesis dagegmvasa da naSromis daxvewaSi
29
daexmarebaT; 4. gadaxedon rveulSi CaniSnul SekiTxvebs da SearCion Tema, romelic sain-
teresoa, amasTanave, mis Sesaxeb garkveul informaciasac floben.
g) monaxazis Seqmna _ amas SeiZleba gegmis an asociaciuri rukis saxe hqondes. iqmneba
ramdenime varianti, romelic mewyvilesTan erTad ganixileba;
d) Txzulebis pirveladi variantis Seqmna _ ganvusazRvravT dros individualuri
naSromis Sesaqmnelad (20-25 wT); weris damTavrebis Semdeg mewyvilesTan erTad ganixila-
ven naSroms da gamoTqvamen mosazrebas erTmaneTis nawerze, SeiZleba erTmaneTs miscen
rCevebic, romelsac survilisamebr gaiTvaliswineben.
e) gadasinjva da redaqtireba _ es aris naSromSi SemCneuli Secdomebis aRmoCena da
Casworeba. am dros mewyvileebma SeiZleba erTmaneTSi gacvalon naSromebi, waikiTxon da
SemCneul Secdomebze miuTiTon erTmaneTs;
v) naSromi auditoriis samsjavroze gamodis _ moswavleebi klasTan erTad ganixila-
ven sakuTar naSromebs. am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT e.w. `saavtoro skamic~.
ra Tqma unda, am meTodis gamoyeneba Tavad maswavleblis survilzea damokidebuli.
`weris samodelo gakveTilis~ nacvlad mas warmatebiT SeuZlia tradiciuli `saklaso we-
ris gakveTilis~ Catarebac misTvis sasurvel Temaze.
aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba.
30
masala: SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosani~ (TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa, TaTbiri
avTandilisa, TaTbiri tarielisa) arqaizmebi
miznebi:
I gakveTili
31
ioane damaskelsa da maqsime aRmasarebels _ win muxlmodrekili: `amis damxatavsa SoTa (s)
Seundves RmerTman amin~. suraTs qvemoT aqvs warwera: `rusTveli~. rogorc cnobilia, es
freska bolo wlebSi ramdenjerme kidev daazianes.
amis gamo TiTqos SeiZleba sarwmunod miviCnioT xalxuri gadmocema, rom sicocxlis
bolo wlebi SoTa rusTavels ierusalimis jvris monasterSi gautarebia. am cnobas mxars
uWers monastris saaRape wignis aRwerilobac, romelSiac moxseniebulia SoTa meWurWleT
uxucesi. freskaze gamosaxuli piri da saaRape wignSi naxsenebi SoTa meWurWleTuxucesi
erTi da igive piri unda iyos (el. metreveli, SeniSvnebi SoTa meWurWleTuxucesis aRapisa
da SoTa rusTavelis freskis irgvliv, saq. ssr mecn. akad. moambe, 1961, #3).
poemis avtorad rusTavels miiCneven XVI_XVII ss-is moRvaweni: serapion gabaSvili,
Teimuraz pirveli, arCili.
rac Seexeba zepir gadmocemas rusTavelis Sesaxeb, aq wina planzea wamoweuli misi ui-
medo trfoba Tamar mefis mimarT, ris gamoc igi saqarTvelodan ierusalimSi gadaxvewila
da iq berad aRkvecila. am gadmocemis mixedviT, mas ganaTleba jer saqarTveloSi _ iyal-
Tos akademiaSi _ miuRia, Semdeg saberZneTSi dausrulebia (an piriqiT _ jer saberZneTSi
da Semdeg _ saqarTveloSi). igi didad dawinaurebula samefo karze da maRali Tanamde-
bobisTvisac miuRwevia. mainc romeli rusTavis mkvidri iyo igi? am kiTxvaze ar arsebobs
zusti pasuxi. mkvlevarTa nawili mas mesxeTis mkvidrad miiCnevs, am mosazrebas TiTqos
ganamtkicebs qvabisxevis monasterSi arsebuli XII s-is freska axalgazrda Wabukis gamo-
saxulebiT da warweriT `SoTa~.
ra Tqma unda, zepirgadmocema mniSvnelovani wyaroa, magram mecnierebisaTvis mTava-
ri dokumenturi masalaa da amitom yvelaferi es varaudia da ara dadasturebuli faqti.
rogorc specialistebi fiqroben, jerjerobiT utyuaria mxolod is, rom poemis avtori
SoTa rusTavelia da is Tamaris epoqaSi cxovrobda, man poema mefe qals miuZRvna, rusTave-
li zewodebaa da aRniSnavs sadaurobas an garkveuli adgilis mflobelobas; viciT, rom misi
saxeli ukavSirdeba palestinis jvris monasters. poemis Semdeg yvelaze sarwmuno wyarod
palestinis masala miiCneva. sxva yvelaferi varaudia da momavali kvlevis sagans warmoad-
gens (m. TaboriZe, vefxistyaosnis lituraturul-esTetikuri analizi skolaSi, Tb., 2001,
gv. 94).
32
teqstis gaSinaarsebis Semdeg daismis faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli (I donis)
kiTxvebi:
_ rogor aRwers fridoni qajTa cixes? ratom ar aqvs mas pirispir Sebmis imedi? ro-
meli sityviT axasiaTebs igi Seqmnil viTarebas?
_ ras aswavlidnen mas bavSvobaSi? ra SeuZlia axla mas?
_ ras sTavazobs igi megobrebs?
_ romeli sityva migviTiTebs teqstSi mis simarjveze? (am kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema
xdeba uSualod teqstobrivi masalis moSveliebiT).
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 2. Sinaarsis realizeba. (8-10 wT): am dros yuradReba eqceva ambis logikuri
TanmimdevrobiT gadmocemas. damatebiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT `ormxriv CanawerTa dRiu-
ri~.
meTodis aRwera:
a) rveulis furcels vyofT vertikaluri xaziT.
b) moswavleebma teqstidan unda amoiweron is frazebi (faqtebi), romlebmac gansaku-
Trebuli STabeWdileba moaxdina maTze da moaTavson rveulis marcxena mxares.
g) marjvena mxares moswavle wers: ratom airCia es monakveTi? ram moaxdina masze STa-
beWdileba?
d) rveulSi minimum sami Canaweri mainc unda gakeTdes.
e) roca muSaobas daamTavreben, moswavleebi klass uziareben TavianT STabeWdile-
bebs (weriTi namuSevrebi ar swordeba da ar fasdeba maswavleblis mier).
33
aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba (5 wT):
_ daakvirdiT taepSi marcvalTa raodenobas. ramdenmarcvliania TiToeuli taepi?
(aq SeiZleba mivceT Sairis ganmarteba _ qarTuli leqsis ZiriTadi sazomi, 16-marcvliani).
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: Sairi (arab. Sahir) _ 1. leqsi, rogorc
poeturi forma (zogadad), meleqseoba, 2. 16-marcvliani leqsi. leqsis es zoma xalxuri
Semoqmedebidan unda iyos Semosuli; pirvelad himnografma filipem gamoiyena Tavis sa-
galobelSi, igive zoma gamoyenebulia `daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZSi~, romlis avtorad
arsen iyalToeli iTvleba. rusTavelTan ki am zomam srulyofas miaRwia da Semdgomi xa-
nis poetebi didxans am zomiT werdnen. rusTaveli iyenebs Sairis or saxes: maRals (4:4.4:4
_ sjobs, dadegiT / damalulni / Tqven adgilas / idumalsa) da dabals (5:3.5:3/3:5.3:5 _ `Cemsa
simcrosa/ gamzrdelni/ samuSaiTod/ mzrdidian~...). rogorc dabal, ise maRal SairSi mTa-
vari cezura (gayofa) 8 marcvlis Semdeg modis. maRali da dabali Sairi erTmaneTisagan
sruliad gansxvavebul ritms iZleva, amitom maTi wakiTxvac sruliad gansxvavebuli in-
tonaciiT xdeba, es icavs poemas monotonurobisagan da saxaliso sakiTxavi xdeba.
_ moZebneT strofebSi riTmis nimuSebi. ra saxis riTma gamoiyeneba am leqsSi? (mo-
sazRvre). ramdenmarcvliani riTmiT aris dawerili es leqsi? (es monakveTi dawerilia
sammarcvliani riTmiT; SeniSvna: dabal SairSi _ da es monakveTi amis nimuSia _ ZiriTadad
sammarcvliani riTmebi gvxvdeba).
_ moZebneT teqstSi is strofebi, sadac riTmad gamoyenebulia: a) zmna (meore stro-
fi: mzrdidian, mwvrTidian, momkidian, inatridian), b) arsebiTi saxeli (meoTxe strofi:
farisa, qarisa, karisa, zarisa);
_ moZebneT teqstSi arqauli formiT gamoyenebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi. rogor
fiqrobT, am TvalsazrisiT romeli metyvelebis nawilebi Warbobs? (zmnebi: miCs, maxltun-
vebdian, Cavxletebi, gavaxvam...).
III-IV gakveTili
34
gadagiWrian, amaod dagrCeba Seni qadili. ar varga eg azri, sxvanairad vuSveloT Tavs!
3. magas is ajobebs, rom Tqven mofarebul adgilas dadgeT, daimaloT. qajebi cixisken
mimaval mgzavrebs ar iWeren; amitom me vaWariviT gamovewyobi, erT jors gadavkideb Cems
muzarads, jaWvsa da xmals da ise Seval qalaqSi.
4. migvixvdebian ganzraxvas, samive erTad rom SevideT. me Seval vaWariviT gadacmu-
li, iq malulad Cavicvam abjars, movatyueb, mere ki SigniT sisxlis Rvars davayeneb.
5. me cixis mcvelebs amovxocav, Tqven ki gareT damelodeT. kliteebs davlewav, Cems
Zalas qviTkiric ki ver gauZlebs. Tu Tqven sxva azri gaqvT, brZaneT.
35
V-VI gakveTili
aqtiveba 3. minidiskusia:
_ Tqven Tu eTanxmebiT avTandils fridonis gegmis SefasebaSi?
_ Tqven romeli gmiris mosazreba migaCniaT ufro saimedod da ratom?
_ rogor fiqrobT, ra moxdeba Semdeg? romel gegmas airCeven megobrebi? ratom
fiqrobT ase? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri.
36
15. adamians xmlis daurtymelad dabnedda tarielis Zlieri xma. moqneuli xmali
abjars fxrewda, qajebs saomari aRWurviloba veRar icavda. samma gmirma sami kari
aiRo da axla cixeSi SeRwevas Cqarobdnen.
16. avTandili da fridoni cixeSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs, mteri mTlianad amoewyvitaT,
irgvliv sisxlis Rvari modioda, erTmaneTis naxviT didad gaixares da tarielis
Zebna daiwyes.
17. tarielis ambavi arc erTma ar icoda. mere cixis kars miadgnen, iqauroba dalewi-
li iaraRiT iyo mofenili, iqve eyara aTi aTasi daxocili guSagi cixisa.
18. cixis mcvelebi sneulebiviT eyarnen irgvliv, cixis kari Ria iyo, TviTon kari _
dalewili, es yvelaferi tarielis namoqmedarad Seicnes.
19. meomrebs gza mtrisagan sruliad daclili daxvdaT, gzadagza akaful meomrebs
naxulobdnen. moulodnelad dainaxes erTmaneTs gadaxveuli nestani da tarieli.
20. isini erTmaneTs exveodnen. varskvlavebis _ zualisa da muSTaris _ Sexvedras
hgavda maTi erTad yofna. mzis Suqis danaxvaze vardi kidev ufro gaifurCqna da
amdeni xnis Wiri sixaruliT Seecvala.
21. mijnurebma erTmaneTs ramdenjerme akoces. samive Zmobili Seikriba. avTadilma
da fridonma Tayvani sces nestans.
22. nestani RimiliT Seegeba maT, gadakocna Tavisi mxsnelebi da sasiamovno xmiT
moaxsena madloba.
23. tarielsac miesalmnen megobrebi. miuloces erTmaneTs gamarjveba, moikiTxes. ar
unaniaT, rom aseT ficxel brZolaSi CaerTnen.
24. samasi kacidan as samoci gadarCeniliyo, fridons Zalze umZimda Tavisi erTgu-
li jariskacebis dakargva, magram Tan uxaroda gamarjveba. gadarCenili mtrisgan
gawmindes cixe da moagroves uaravi simdidre.
25. amis Semdeg megobrebma samasi aTasi jor-aqlemi moasxes, ahkides Tval-margali-
ti, nestani ki taxtrevanSi Casves.
26. cixis mcvelad samoci jariskaci datoves, gaeSurnen zRvaTa qalaqisaken, iq fat-
mani egulebodaT, visTvisac madloba unda gadaexadaT.
37
tarielis Seyra, g) samive raindis Sexvedra, d) nestanis madliereba.
_ samasi meomridan ramdeni gadarCa cocxali? (`as samoci Sehyoloda...~)
_rogor aRwers rusTaveli fridonis SuqCrdilian sixaruls? (`fridons umZims spa-
Ta misTa...~). riT aris igi gamowveuli?
_ saiT mieSurebian gamarjvebuli megobrebi da ra mizniT? (`Tqves fatman vnaxoT~...).
aqtivoba 7. Sefaseba.
aqtivoba 8. saSinao davaleba: aagon werilobiTi teqsti: `qajeTis cixis aReba~; moini-
Snon teqstSi is adgilebi, romlebmac gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba moaxdina maTze da
daasabuTon Tavisi azri.
gakveTili VII-VIII
38
werda ilia WavWavaZe `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb.
_ poemis Seswavlili monakveTebis mixedviT, eTanxmebiT ilias am SefasebSi?
39
moswavleebi xsnian, Tu rogor mixvdnen am brunvis formas (viyenebT Casmis / Canacvle-
bis xerxs: Taniani mr-is nacvlad vsvamT _ eb-iani mravlobiTis formas _ gzebis _ da vxvde-
biT rom naTesaobiT brunvaSia).
aqve vTavazobT wess:
-T-iani mravlobiTis brunvis amocnoba -eb-iani mravlobiTis CanacvlebiT SeiZleba.
dafaze vwerT:
sami gmiri da sam-n-i megobar-n-i
Svidi mnaTobi da Svid-n-i mnaTob-n-i
mravali Wiri da mraval-n-i Wir-n-i.
romel ricxvSi Seiwyo simravlis gamomxatvelma sityvam (sami, Svidi, mravali...) arse-
biTi saxeli pirvel SemTxvevaSi? (mxolobiT ricxvSi).
meore SemTxvevaSi? (mravlobiT ricxvSi).
vawodebT moswavleebs wess:
-n/-T-ian mravlobiTSi simravlis gamomxatveli sityva arsebiTs mravlobiT ricxvSi
Seiwyobs.
aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: avTandilis, fridonisa da tarielis SedarebiTi daxa-
siaTeba gmiris rukis mixedviT (romel gmirs ra Tviseba axasiaTebs da argumenti amis Se-
saxeb teqstidan moiyvanon).
aqtivoba 7. Sefaseba.
Sedegebi:
VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amo-
canis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da au-
ditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.
VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis
gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasia-
Teblebis mixedviT.
VII. 12. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.
VII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi
normebis dacva.
40
I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~
1. galaktion tabiZe
nodar dumbaZe _ galaktioni
galaktioni saavadmyofos meoTxe sarTulidan gadmoiqca. zogs egona, rom ga-
laktionma Tavi moikla. zogs egona, rom man, eqstazSi myofma, moufiqrebeli nabiji ga-
dadga. zogs egona, igi agoniaSi myofi gadmovarda,zogs kidev ra da zogs kidev ra…
sinamdvileSi ai, ra moxda: galaktioni parnasze avida, man uzenaesi mwvervali daipyro.
misTvis arc werayins, arc wriaps, arc bawars ar uRalatia. igi didi xnis win avida am
mwvervalze da radgan geniosebi dapyrobili mwvervalebidan ukan aRar brundebian, yove-
live is, rac mas aRar sWirdeboda da xels uSlida, mwvervalidan dabla gadmoyara, Tavad
ki darCa sworTa maradiul samyofelSi.
qarTuli poeziis istoriaSi pirvelad rusTavels daekisra Semoqmedebis mZime uRe-
li. rusTavelma Camouara manamde mTasa da barSi arsebul mTel folklors, eposs Tu
miTs, STanTqa igi erT fasdaudebel oqros zodad _ `vefxistyaosnad~ Camosxmuli dau-
bruna xalxs.
rusTavelis Semdeg aseTi misia daviT guramiSvils daekisra, daviTis Semdeg akakim,
vaJam da iliam ikisres es titanuri tvirTi da rodesac meoce saukunis ocian wlebSi am
mZime uRelSi galaktion tabiZe Seeba, es sazidi ukve ise iyo damZimebuli erovnuli da
msoflio literaturuli saganZuriT, rom galaktions misi tareba uRlis erTguli laba
xariviT daCoqils mouxda: diax, daCoqils, oflad daRvrilsa da TvalebSi cremlCamdgars
mouxda am mZime Wapanis gaweva. mxolod am kuTxiT da TvalsazrisiT unda SeviswavloT
galaktioni.
sad unda vsdioT qars, romelic ise usaSvelod daqris galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi?!
ise usaSvelod, rom wigni Tavad ifurcleba da rom qarma da grigalma ar gamogtacos xe-
lidan, igi mkerdze unda gqondes mikruli magrad, viT xati da Zvirfasi avgarozi.
galaktionis Semoqmedeba erTi misi pawia leqsis `ai, ra mzis sizmarias~ msgavsad
waRma-ukuRma ikiTxeba, swored ki arasdros, an iSviaTad; es albaT imiT aris gamowveuli,
rom galaktioni yvelas Tavisad miaCnia da mas yvela Taviseburad kiTxulobs, maT Soris
mec, raRa Tqma unda. amitom aris galaktioni saxalxo mgosani.
albaT amis gamo qarTul poeziaSi aravis ar moswrebia imdeni epigoni, ramdenic ga-
laktions: albaT, amis gamo ar moswrebia qarTul poeziaSi imdeni mojibre da mtkavelis
damzomeli, ramdenic galaktions. rigSi idgnen da dganan dResac mTeli Taobebi da azo-
meben sakuTar patara mtkavels mis dedamiwis guliviT gadaSlil usaSvelod did da Tbil
xelisguls. is ki dgas, dalocvili, Rimilian TvalebSi eSmakuri elva uTamaSebs da gaqe-
zebs: ki, Zamiko, Senma ajobao.…
siyvaruli Tavad aris RmerTi da Tu siyvaruli CvenTan ars, CvenTan ars RmerTi,
mivxvdebiT, rom galaktioni aris geni rusTavelisa, meoce saukuneSi gaRviZebuli da
mzemde aRzevebuli.
(n. dumbaZe, rCeuli nawerebi, t. IV, Tb., 1992 w.)
2. o. WilaZe
oTar WilaZis werili gazeT `literaturnaia gazetasTvis~ maiakovskis dabadebis 90
wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT _ nawyveti
… poetma yvelaferi, rac ki SeZravs, xelaxla unda moxarSos sakuTar sulSi. yvela
WeSmariti poeti Tavisi epoqis RviZli Svilia da guluxvad da patiosnad ubrunebs xalxs,
rac unaxavs da ganucdia. mis mier Seqmnili sinamdvile gacilebiT cocxali da sainteresoa,
radgan misive vnebebiTaa gamdidrebuli. mis xmas Taobebi iseve SeeCvevian xolme, rogorc
mdinaris piras mcxovrebni _ mdinaris ganuwyvetel xmaurs da warmoidgineT, ra Semzaravi
iqneba maTTvis cxovreba, mdinare Tu daiSrita moulodnelad, ra autaneli iqneba uceb
Camovardnili dumili. magram, sabednierod, poezia dauSreteli mdinarea _ xalxia misi
saTaveca da SesarTavic. konkretuli poeti ki iqamde cocxlobs, vidre xalxs esmis misi,
41
vidre xalxs Tavis mesaidumled miaCnia. ese igi, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeeSleba sxvaSi.
magram es rodi niSnavs, TiTqos poetebi erTmaneTs gamoricxavdnen. piriqiT, rogorc ar
unda ganacalkevebdes maT maTive `individualobis Tavisebureba~ (evtuSenkos gamoTqmaa),
bolos da bolos isini mainc erTad aRmoCndebian xolme da es ukve kanonzomierebad aris
qceuli: dro dapirispirebul poetebsac ki erTmaneTis gverdiT ayenebs. Tumca, yvela
poeti Tavis gansakuTrebul misias asrulebs mainc, anu yoveldRiurad kvdeba Tavis sawer
magidasTan, droze adre rom ar daixocon sxvebi. arada, advili SesaZlebelia, saerTod
ar kiTxulobdnen wigns isini, vis `gadarCenasac~ poeti apirebs. ase rom, SeiZleba, fuWi
da amao aRmoCndes misi Sroma. amis bralicaa albaT, aSkarad rom SeimCneva dRes magidis
tyveobidan ganTavisuflebis survili, anu dauokebeli swrafva estradisken, televizi-
isken… rac, Cemi azriT, sakuTari umweobidan gamosvlis unayofo mcdelobaa mxolod.
visac saTqmeli aRaraferi aqvs, is ufro ebRauWeba mikrofons, rogorc wyalwaRebuli
xavss. magram amgvari survili Tu midrekileba, rasakvirvelia, niWis TaviseburebiTac
SeiZleba aixsnas, gansakuTrebiT, roca saqme maiakovskisTana poets Seexeba. magram ase
cxared da, cota ar iyos, daundoblad imitom vlaparakob, magidis uaryofa mwerlisgan
Ralatad da mwerluri moTminebis rRvevis simptomad rom mimaCnia. TiTqos sakuTar na-
warmoebs gvinda mivaswroT mkiTxvelamde, jer Cven davenaxoT, gavearSiyoT mikrofonis
saSualebiT, movawonoT, SevayvaroT Tavi da mere ufro Tamamad mivandoT gansasjelad
Cveni leqsebic. arada, magida mwerlisTvis igivea, rac durglisTvis _ Carxi, mWedlisTvis
_ grdemli…
3. r. inaniSvili
nugzar SataiZe _ `Seni sulieri samSoblo~
revaz inaniSvilis SemoqmedebaSi yvelaze metad mwerlis maxvili Tvali da yuri
gaocebs. patara, xelisgulisodena moTxrobebiT igi TiTqos Cvenc Tvals gvixels, sme-
nas gvimaxvilebs da jadosnuri sicxadiT gviCvenebs avkargian qveyanas, sadac Tavadve
cxovrobs _ es misi samSobloa, romelic ukve mkiTxvelis sulier samSoblod qceula.
mwerlis mier Seqmnili sulieri samSoblo xSirad ufro realuria da mimzidveli, vi-
dre namdvili. revaz inaniSvlisaTvis es iyo sofeli, mindori, ivris Walebi. midioda
iq `daRlili, mxrebdaRunuli, im imediT, rom soflurma myudroebam iqneb cota mainc
moufonos gulze, romelzedac, ai, mTeli Tvea TiTqosda marwuxebs uWeren viRacani~.
Cvenc, misi mkiTxvelebic, swored am imediT, amgvari sasoebiT mivdivarT mis mier Seqmnil
samyaroSi, sadac mdinaris piras erTi `gamoRrmavebuli kbodea, Sig Tbili mzea Camdgari~,
mivalT mivsxdebiT im gamoRrmavebulSi da sakuTari samSoblos gancdiT vtkbebiT.
…axla iqac zamTaria, Tebervlis TrTvils Seuxorxlia xeebi, buCqebi, gadauTeTre-
bia miwa. Txel gubeebSi wyali Cayinula. yinulis Txeli, sifrifana arSia gasdevs mdinaris
mTel napirsac. `xeebze Savi, naRvliani Citebi sxedan da abuzuli mxrebiT elaparakebian
cas~.
ialnos mTis ferdobze gadmomdgara xe foTolgaZarculi, yinvisgan SeWirxuli tye
gayuCebula, Tavis maradiul fiqrebSi wasula. da uecrad, raRac saswauli ZaliT, gaixsne-
ba zeca, Rrublebidan mze gamoixedavs da ferdobze kalosodena adgils gaanaTebs. ka-
loze xalxi Seyrila. wamova, gamoscdeba im xalxs `ori mSvenieri qalbatoni~, erTs Tavze
moxveuli da boloebiT mkerdze gadajvaredinebuli qiSmiris Sali zurgze aqvs Sekruli.
meores moTxilamuris Tbili qudi axuravs yurebze da Sublze Camoweuli. orive erTad
rva an didi-didi rvanaxevari wlisa iqneba. movlen, amogidgebian aqeT-iqidan, Cagkideben
patara xelebs da wagiyvanen im ganaTebuli kalosken.
gakvirvebuli, cota ar iyos dabneuli aTvaliereb xalxs da nel-nela yvelas scnob.
vin aRar mosula aq, ialnos burusian ferdobze: ananureli ulamazoebi _ kuStad momzi-
rali, mglis lekvebiviT ajagruli komblebiani biWebi; irine TeTraSvilis afria, TviTon
irine TeTraSvili, guja afrias Zma da maTi axovani mamis landi, romelsac xelebi gulze
daukrefia da naRvliani TvalebiT uyurebs col-Svils; ukuRma daWerili _ rogorRac
saSarod galajuli, doinjSemoyrili ymawvili; gamova burusidan iakofa menaxirec da
42
daebjineba Tavis grZel joxs; gverdigverd dganan Sio papa da uSiSa papa, joxirecxa
ioseba, Zmebi daTia da gogia, basa burkiaSvili, modidan gamosuli poeti, ruxi pijakis
saxeloebze Savi satinis samklavuri rom ukeTia; kidev vano buWyiaSvili da imisi patara
biWi mixo, romlebsac Sin arc aveji aqvT da arc jam-WurWeli, samagierod, erTi didi
fardagi aqvT, gaSlian Zirs da kotrialoben yvelani zed vanoc, mixoc, mamukac, imaTi
dedikoc da Tu stumari mouvaT _ isic; aq arian gogia da baxa, elguja da WiWo, bibo,
Citebis gamomzamTrebeli biWi, `viwroebis mgeli~ — Cofura Saliko, andria da, rac mTa-
varia, metyeve daTiko; cota iqiT moCanan: barbare badauri, deda mariami, Zveli qarTveli
qali, gadabmuli estate, Tina da sandro, uSiSari biWi ioseba, poeti giglia; xmauro-
ben, JRav-JRuvoben ubedenTiani koxoraSvilebi, cetebi, bRukebi… CaCaurs cal xelSi
gaSiSvlebuli xmali CaubRujavs, meoreSi _ sanTeli; mokrZalebiT, darcxveniT dgas im
xalxSi xorasneli Wabuki; aqve darejani _ tanad didi, didad momzirali, Ronieri qali;
xelixelCakidebulni gzaze gamdgaran iRliaSi daxveul tikamoCrili gogia batataSvili
da imisi morcxvad moRimari sayvareli mayvala jariauli; iRimebian balniani, bayia da
maneTiani kola; aq arian yrolebic _ lafana, atacebuli da bazarniki jaliaSvilic aqvea
da imaTac siamis Rimili gadasdiT saxeze; am xalxSi dasunsulebs fafxaWelaanT ZaR-
lic... xolo maRla, erT Tovlian borcvze, calke dgas kombalze dayrdnobili, mTlad
gadaTeTrebuli usinaTlo moxuci, romelsac qinTa-qinTad qceuli axaluxis jibis pirze
sami rusuli Zveli medali hkidia _ gamurul qvaze daRvenTili wminda sanTlis ferisa.
iqiT ki, nisliani tyis pirSi, aTasamde Savi landi SequCebula da raRacas bWoben. mere gan-
calkevebiT mdgomi anaforiani mRvdeli xels rbilad Camousvams haers da viRaca sufTa,
mSvenieri xmiT daiwyebs:
zamTariao, hee, haraloo…
zamTari vardsa daaWknobs,
furceli Camocvivao…
Tvalebgabrwyinebuli dgaxar da ver gagigia, cxadSi xar Tu sizmarSi, magram nel-
nela erkvevi da xvdebi, rom arc cxadia da arc sizmari _ es Seni qveyanaa, Seni sulieri
samSoblo.
dRes, roca ase Segvelaxa da dagvimZimda sulebi, roca lukmapuris Zebna-
Si daRlilebs wignis wakiTxvis Tavic ki aRara gvaqvs, roca apokalifsuri Rrube-
li sulTamxuTaviviT dagvwolia gulze da amosunTqvis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs,
xSirad vigoneb xolme revaz inaniSvils _ Cems sayvarel adamiansa da mwerals.
xandaxan gadmoviReb Tarodan mis wignsac, vaTvaliereb, vkiTxulob moTxro-
bebis saTaurebs, calke abzacebs: `zamTris criat, moRuSul dReebSi tbis wyali
gamdnar tyvias hgavs… ava, sul bolos misi zedapiridan aikrifeba bindi da buru-
si. axlos moiweven mTebi. utyeo mTebi am dros sul ruxebia, ruxebi da gafiTrebul-
ni, gaSterebulni. is mTebi Zleuli laSqris droSebiviT Cakidebula tbaSi. Tavdayi-
ra Cakidebulan tbaSi TeTri xeebic. TeTr xeebze Savi naRvliani Citebi sxedan da
abuzuli mxrebiT elaparakebian cas. ca ufro naRvliania da jer ar icis ras izams~.
me mSvelis es `ruxi da gafiTrebuli xeebi~, mSvelis naRvlani cac, romelmac `jer ar icis
ras izams~ _ mSvelis da mamSvidebs.
mSvelis imis gaxsenebac, rom revaz inaniSvilis, am marTlac genialuri mwerlis, suli
jer isev dahfofinebs Tavis tanjul, daRupvis pirze mimdgar qveyanas.
43
II Tema: eri da istoria
guram rCeuliSvili
guram asaTiani _ guram rCeuliSvili
Tbilisi Semodgomis pirze lamazdeba gansakuTrebiT, agvistos damlevs rusTavelis
prospeqti moulodnelad ivseba axalgazrda, mzisgan damwvari saxeebiT.
am quCaze gavla kargia TbilisTan xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg.
guram rCeuliSvili pirvelad swored aq gavicani. is maSin, mgoni, xevsureTidan axlad
dabrunebuli iyo, erT cnobil germanel mweralTan erTad emogzaura da misi piradi tra-
gediis uneburi mowme gamxdariyo. am ambavzea dawerili misi moTxroba „sikvdili mTebSi~.
Tavisi garegnobiT guram rCeuliSvili sagrZnoblad gamoirCeoda zedmiwevniT ga-
mowyobili sxva axalgazrda Tbiliselebisgan: farTod gaReRili, TiTqmis Sarvlis
qamramde Caxsnili perangis piri, mokled SekreWili Tma, Zlieri, daJinebuli gamoxedva…
didi, uxeSi, mZime fexsacmelebi TiTqmis miwisken ezidebodnen mis sxeuls da, amave
dros, mTel mis arsebaSi igrZnoboda raRac mousvenari, amtydari, TiTqos uecari naxto-
misaTvis gamzadebuli Zala. is pirveli SexvedrisTanave iwvevda interess. TiTqos daJine-
biT moiTxovda yuradRebas Tavisi pirovnebisadmi. rogorc amboben, axlo megobrebs igi
gamorCeviT uyvardaT da xSirad uTmobdnen misi Zlieri xasiaTis uCveulo gamovlinebebs.
guram rCeuliSvilis yovel moTxrobaSi igrZnoba es Zlieri xasiaTi. TviT saocrad
guliTadi da msubuqi ganwyobilebiT dawerili „biZia kotes Semodgomac~ TiTqos igu-
lisxmeba es janmrTeli da yovlisSemZle Zala siWabukisa, naRvliani TanagrZnobiT rom
ealerseba Zvirfas adamians mimwuxris Jams.
xasiaTis siZlieriT aris aRbeWdili guram rCeuliSvilis personaJebis buneba, misi
novelebis Sinagani ritmi, TviT misi mwerluri dakvirvebis uaRresad ganviTarebuli una-
ri.
guram rCeuliSvilma pirvel moTxrobaSive gagvando Tavisi adamianuri ideali: zRvis
ulmobel stiqionTan Serkinebuli Zlieri da sulmrTeli mamakaci, romelic TavisianTa
gadasarCenad swiravs sakuTar sicocxles.
bnel, daundobel stiqiasTan Cumi brZola, mis ugunur ZlevamosilebasTan adamianis
Seudarebeli nebisyofis dapirispirebaa…
guram rCeuliSvili iyo erTi imaTgani, visac ukan mouxedavad SeeZlo Seewira mTe-
li Tavisi arseba amgvari uTanabro brZolis TavdaviwyebisaTvis, magram ocdaeqvsi wlis
asakSi man, rogorc Cans, ukve ganicada fxizeli dafiqrebis sakmaod mwvave Setevebic. ukve
misi daRupvis Semdeg Jurnal „ciskarSi~ gamoqveynda erT-erTi ukanaskneli moTxroba
„alaverdoba~, romelmac moulodnelad gvagrZnobina, ra gamanadgurebeli cecxli RrR-
nida axalgazrda mwerlis Segnebas.
SeuZlebelia Cveni Taobis adamianma gulgrilad waikiTxos es moTxroba, ar ecnau-
ros is Wabukuri Jini, romelmac misi gmiri alaverdis taZris gumbaTze aitaca da is
sulis siRrmemde SemZvreli grZnobac axal sivrceebTan Sexvedrisa, romelic mas am si-
maRleze daepatrona. ai, am moTxrobis ukanaskneli striqonebi: „man ar icis kaxeTi, visac
civgomboris qedze Semdgars ar daunaxavs alaznis Walidan amovardnili alaverdi, mas
ar ganucdia dauokebeli kaxuri vnebis simZafre, visac alaverdis Tavze Tavisi fexiT
avardnils, gumbaTidan ar daunaxavs erTmaneTze miyrili da usasrulobamde gaSlili
soflebi, savse da didebuli, Cafluli gauTavebeli vazis xeivnebSi. mTels am uzarmazar
velze ar aris arc erTi goji, ar aris arc erTi wertili, sadac adamians warsulidan
dRemde ar Seeqmnas Tavisi SromiT materialurad Tu sulierad Zlieri da Rirseuli ram,
tyispiras gagonil dauwerel, erTad movardnil simfoniasaviT iRvreba Tvalwin Zveli
cixeebi, eklesiebi, burjebi da am epoqaSi naSeni xidebi, swori ugegmianesi alvnebiT. am
gegmianobidan sinaTlesaviT modis SeuCerebliv raRac axali, sicocxlisunariani. misi
egzotikisaTvis ucnobi Zala ipyrobs gumbaTis Tavze mdgomis sxeuls, axali, Seucnoblad
kanonzomieri, SeerTebuli grandiozul usityvo SromasTan. is fiqrobs: saidan modis es
sicocxlisunarianoba, da pasuxobs: is TviTon CemSia, is TviTon xalxSia. magram aq zo-
44
gierTi dabneula da veRar grZnoben Semoqmedis namdvil siamovnebas, siamovnebas Sromisa,
radgan vnebis simZafre SenebaSia da ara aSenebuliT tkbobaSi.
mis fexqveS dgas alaverdi, sxvisi grandiozuli vnebisagan Seqmnili, TviTon ki…
gumbaTis Tavze SerCenils eRimeba, ise uazrobad eCveneba aq dgoma. qveviT ixedeba da Ri-
mili sicilad iqceva _ dabla ukve daSlila xalxi da is sul martoa aq, am saSiS adgilas.
alvnebSi mwyobrad inTeba sinaTleebi da Camosuls mxolod cxenis migdebuli, uaRviro
leSi agonebs Tavis unebur, uazro, gaumiznav, unayofo survils.
sinaTleebi ki sul matulobs da saocari harmoniiT ereva alaznis mdumare vels,
romelsac is fexiT mihyveba alvanisaken~.
guram rCeuliSvils Cvens mwerlobaSi Tan mohyva Tanamedroveobis sunTqva. mas Rr-
mad hqonda ganviTarebuli formis siaxlis grZnoba. amitom SeiTvisa man ase bunebrivad
Cveni drois mxatvruli prozis didostatTa Taviseburi nerviuli, daZabuli manera. ma-
gram, amave dros, mTel mis adamianur ierSi da mwerlur bunebaSic iyo raRac Soreuli,
ZvelqarTveluri. Tanamedrove qalaqis Svils, TbilisSi gazrdilsa da davaJkacebuls,
TiTqos eviwroeboda aqauri quCebis rkali, didxans ver egueboda yoveldRiuri cxovre-
bis erTferovan ritms da pirvelSeZlebisTanave martod an vinme SeCveul megobarTan
erTad miiCqaroda mTebisken, zRvisken. bevrs dadioda Tavisi ganuyreli didi da mZime
fexsacmelebiT, eswreboda xevsurul xatobas, doRs, alaverdobis dResaswauls, ereo-
da qarTvel glexkacobaSi, yvelgan iCenda megobrebs, metoqeebs. is TiTqos gamZafrebiT
daeZebda raRacas, ris gareSe misi Zlieri da mTrTolvare sxeuli SeiZleba gamxmariyo,
gamofituliyo…
qalaquri Rameebis daZabul simyudroveSi mas albaT xSirad aRviZebda ZarRvebSi
momskdar winaparTa sisxlis amboxi da is meore diliT Cqari nabijiT mihyveboda mcxeTis
gzas, Wabukuri daJinebiT cdilobda daviwyebidan gamoewvia ufliscixis idumali aCrdi-
lebi, martodmarto misdevda vaJa-fSavelas nakvalevs, an kidev massaviT Tavze xelaRebul
mTiel biWebTan erTad sip bilikebze daaWenebda gauxednav, feTian kvicebs.
ase daiwera misi „TvirTvila~, „ufliscixe~, „alaverdoba~.
… masSi namdvilad bevri ram iyo axali, uCveulo da es zogierTebs garegnul pozad
miaCndaT.
… ucnaurad uyvarda zRva… moTxroba „irina~, romelic axlaxan gamoqveynda, gaJRen-
Tilia zRvis sunTqviT. zRva aq adamianiviT cocxlobs, icinis, sulSi Semodis. zRva aris
foni siyvarulis _ tkbili da mware, eWviani, dauSoSminebeli orTa siyvarulis ambisa. is
TiTqos qaliviT izidavs, aTbobs da ealerseba am moTxrobis gmirs. da, amave dros, aqac,
iseve rogorc „nel tangoSi~, namdvilad igrZnoba faruli Zrwola zRvis mimarT, masSi
raRac mtruli, veragi Zalis SegrZneba.
45
V Tema `Cemo kalamo~
herman hese
heses miRebuli aqvs mravali literaturuli premia — fontanes (1919), goeTes (1948),
raabes (1950), germ. wigniT movaWreTa mSvidobisa (1955) da sxv. 1956 wels daarsda heses
saxelobis premia.
kiTxvis Sesaxeb
46
melic codniT ar gaamdidrebs, odnav mainc ufro janmrTels, erTi dRiT ufro axal-
gazrdas ar gaxdis. ganaTleba mas iseve naklebad unda adardebdes, rogorc profeso-
ris wodebis mopoveba, da romanebis gmir yaCaRebTan da saroskipoebis mflobelebTan
urTierToba iseve unda rcxvenodes, rogorc namdvil naZiralebTan saqmis daWera. ma-
gram mkiTxveli ase martivad ar msjelobs, is dabeWdil samyaros ganixilavs rogorc
udavod amaRlebul rames, borotsa da keTils miRma arsebuls, anda amreziT uyurebs
am samyaros, rogorc ararealurs, meocnebeebis mier gamogonils, romelic mxolod
imisTvis varga, rom mowyenilobis Jams miakiTxo, da saidanac aranair xeirs ar unda
elode, didi-didi, is SegrZneba gamogyves, rom ramdenime saaTi sasiamovnod gaatare.
miuxedavad literaturis mcdari Sefasebisa da dakninebisa, b-ni miuleri da b-ni maieri,
rogorc wesi, Zalian bevrs kiTxuloben. im saqmes, romelic maT, sinamdvileSi, sul ar
exebaT, met yuradRebas da dros uTmoben, vidre rame sxva saqmes. Sesabamisad, gumaniT
mainc xvdebian, rom wignebSi aris raRac, arcTu mTlad umniSvnelo. oRond maTi wignebis
mimarT damokidebuleba imdenad pasiuri da Tavisufal nebas moklebulia, rom, biznesSi
igive rom WirdeT, didi xnis gakotrebulebi iqnebodnen.
is mkiTxvelic, romelic dasvenebasa da drois gatarebas cdilobs, da isic, vinc sa-
kuTar ganaTlebaze zrunavs, wignebSi erTgvar macocxlebel da sulierad amamaRlebel
Zalas grZnoben, Tumca danamdvilebiT araferi ician da arc ramis Sefaseba SeuZliaT. isi-
ni ugunuri avadmyofebiviT iqcevian, romlebmac ician, rom afTiaqSi bevri kargi wamalia
da amitom iq yvela saSualebis gasinjvas cdiloben, yvela kolofis, yvela SuSis naxvas.
arada, kargi iqneboda, Tu wignis maRaziasa da biblioTekaSi, kargi afTiaqis msgavsad, yve-
lasTvis monaxuliyo sakuTari saSualeba, rom mowamvlisa da zedmetis moxmarebis gareSe
yvelas SeZleboda axali Zalebis mokreba.
Cven, literatorebs, gvsiamovnebs, rom xalxi amdens kiTxulobs, da albaT avtoris
mxridan arcTu Wkvianuria imis Tqma, rom xalxi metismetad bevrs kiTxulobs. magram roca
es ambavi didxans grZeldeba, sayovelTaod arasworad gagebuli da borotad gamoyenebu-
li saqmianoba sul ufro naklebad sasiamovno xdeba, da aTi kargi, madlieri mkiTxvelis
yola, naklebi mogebis miuxedavad, aTasi umaduris yolaze ukeTesicaa da ufro sasixaru-
loc.
amitom gavkadnierdi da vacxadeb, rom xalxi, sazogadod, metismetad bevrs kiTxu-
lobs da es `kiTxvadoba~ literaturisTvis pativi ki ara, zaralia. wignebi imisTvis rodi
iwereba, rom damoukideblobas moklebuli xalxi kidev ufro uniaTo gaxdes, magram, miu-
xedavad amisa, maT imisTvis iyeneben, rom usicocxlo adamianebs iafad miawodon raRaca,
rac cxovrebis iluzias qmnis da TiTqos misi Semcvlelia. arada, wignebi xom mxolod maSi-
naa faseuli, roca sicocxles gvaziarebs, sicocxles emsaxureba, da kiTxvis yoveli saaTi
fuWadaa Cavlili, Tu mkiTxvels erTi wveTi Zala, axalgazrdoba, xalisi mainc ar Semata.
garegnulad kiTxva iseTi ramaa, romelic koncentracias moiTxovs, da `dardis ga-
saqarveblad~ kiTxva tyuili ambavia. Tu adamiani suliT avadmyofi araa, arafris gaqar-
veba ar sWirdeba, piriqiT, yvelgan yuradRebiT yofna marTebs - sadac ar unda imyofebo-
des, rasac ar unda akeTebdes, rasac ar unda grZnobdes - mTeli arsiT movlenebSi unda
iyos CarTuli. aseve, kiTxvis dros unda gvesmodes, rom yoveli kargi wigni, upirveles
yovlisa, yuradRebis gamaxvilebas gulisxmobs, CaxlarTuli ambebis erT wertilSi kon-
centrirebas da gamartivebas. adamianuri grZnobebis aseTi gamartiveba da koncentrireba
sul patara leqsiTac SeiZleba, da Tu misi kiTxvisas imis Zala ar Semwevs, rom yuradReba
movikribo, Tanamonawile da TanamgrZnobi ar gavxde, cudi mkiTxveli vyofilvar. is, rom
amiT leqsisa Tu romanis mimarT usamarTlobas viCen, SeiZleba ar maRelvebdes, magram
cudi kiTxviT, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTari Tavis mimarT var usamarTlo. dros iseT
rameze vxarjav, rac faseuli araa, mxedvelobas da yuradRebas CemTvis umniSvnelo rames
vaxmar, imas, rac - winaswar vici - mzad var umalve daviviwyo, gonebas vRli STabeWdile-
bebiT, romlebic CemTvis usargebloa da romelTa gadaxarSvac ar SemiZlia.
xSirad ityvian xolme, es `cudi kiTxva~ gazeTebis braliao. me aseTi azri sruliad
mcdarad mimaCnia. SeiZleba yoveldRiurad ikiTxo gazeTi an gazeTebi da amave dros kon-
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centrirebulad da qmediTunarianad darCe, axali ambebis amorCeva da swrafi kombinacia
Zalian janmrTeli da faseuli varjiSic kia. am dros, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom ganaT-
lebas danatrebulma maierma Tu siamovnebisTvis mkiTxvelma imgvarad waikiTxon `arCeviTi
naTesaoba~, rom is sruliad usargeblo iqneba.
cxovreba xanmoklea, da imqveynad aravis moekiTxeba, ramden wignTan SeZlo gamkla-
veba. amitom arcTu Wkvianuria da metic, mavnea fuW kiTxvaze drois xarjva. me cud wi-
gnebs ki ara, kiTxvis xarisxs vgulisxmob. kiTxvisagan, iseve, rogorc cxovrebaSi yoveli
nabijisa da CasunTqvisgan, raRacas unda velodeT, mas Zala unda davaxarjoT, rom meti
miviRoT, unda davikargoT, rom ufro cnobierad aRmovaCinoT sakuTari Tavi. litera-
turis istoriis codnas aranairi faseuloba ar gaaCnia, Tuki yovelma wakiTxulma tomma
nugeSi, an Zala, an sulieri simSvide ar moitana. uazro, dabneuli kiTxva igivea, rac
lamaz midamoSi Tvalaxveuli seirnoba. arc imisTvis unda vikiTxoT, rom sakuTari Tavi
da yoveldRiuri cxovreba dagvaviwydes, piriqiT, ufro cnobierad da gonivrulad unda
movkidoT mtkice xeli Cvens cxovrebas. wignebs ise ar unda mivudgeT, rogorc SeSine-
buli moswavleebi _ ampartavan maswavlebels, da arc ise, fuqsavatebi rom miadgebian
xolme aryis boTls, _ aramed ise, rogorc mTamsvlelebi udgebian alpebs, mebrZolebi
_ arsenals. unda viyoT ara devnilebi da cxovrebis armosurneni, aramed keTili xalxi,
romelsac maTTan aqvs saqme, vinc misi megobari da Semwea. ase rom iyos, ase rom moxdes,
imis meaTedsac aRar waikiTxavda xalxi, rasac axla kiTxulobs, da yvelani aTjer ufro
gaxarebulebi da mdidrebi viqnebodiT. xolo Tu es imas gamoiwvevda, rom Cvens wignebs
aravin iyidda da Cven, mwerlebi, aTjer naklebs davwerdiT, samyaros amiT araferi dau-
Savdeboda. vinaidan, kiTxvisa ar iyos, arc weris saqmea kargad.
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VI Tema: `xani undobari~
Wabua amirejibi
Svilebo da SviliSvilebo!
es werili Tvrametisas waakiTxeT Tqvens balRebs.
Cemo patara batonebo da qalbatonebo!
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IX Tema `usiyvarulod~
o’henri
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