PRESENT SIMPLE

USOS:
- Acciones cotidianas o habituales, tradiciones, costumbres o rutinas. = I always eat fruit = Yo siempre como fruta.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- Adverbios de frecuencia: always, never, sometimes, rarely, seldom, often, generally, usually… (remember: GUSANO)
- Expresiones de frecuencia:
once a week, twice a month, three times a year, every day, every month, on Mondays…
Affirmative Negative Interrogative REMEMBER:
Subject + Don’t / Doesn’t Do / Does + Subject + * Los verbos terminados
I live = Yo vivo + Infinitive Infinitive…? en –sh, -ch, -ss, -sh, -x, -
I don’t live = Yo no vivo o = 3ª persona del
You live = Tú vives
You don’t live = Tú no Do I live…? = ¿Vivo…? singular = -es.
He/she/it lives = Él vive… vives Ejemplos:
Do you live…? = ¿Vives…?
He/she/it doesn’t live = Él He washes, she watches,
We live = Nosotros vivimos
no vive... Does he live…? = ¿Vive él…? he kisses, he does…
you live = vosotros vivís We don’t live = Nosotros
Does she live? = ¿Vive ella…? * Verbos terminados en –y:
they live = ellos viven no vivimos
you don’t live = Vosotros Does it live…? = ¿Vive (eso)? play = 3ª persona =
OJO: SÓLO CAMBIA LA 3ª no vivís plays (antes de la –y hay
Do we live…? = ¿Vivimos…? una vocal)
PERSONA DEL they don’t live = Ellos no
viven Do you live…? = ¿Vivís…? study = 3º persona =
SINGULAR. LAS DEMÁS OJO: No hace falta ponerle studies (antes de la –y
PERSONAS SON TODAS la –s a live aquí porque la Do they live…? = ¿Viven…? hay una consonante)
marca de 3ª persona está en Respuesta corta:
IGUALES!! el doesn’t!! Yes, I do / No, I don’t / Yes, she
does / No, she doesn’t…
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
USOS:
- Acciones que están pasando en el momento el que hablamos. = I am doing my homework now. = Yo estoy haciendo mis
deberes ahora.
- Planes cercanos próximos que voy a hacer seguro + expresión muy concreta de tiempo. (Present Continuous with Future
Meaning) = We are playing basketball tomorrow at 5 o’clock. = Vamos a jugar al baloncesto mañana a las 5.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- now, right now, today, at this moment…
Affirmative Negative Interrogative REMEMBER:
Subject + Am / Is / Are + Subject + Am / Is / Are +
-ING Not + - ING Am / Is / Are + Subject + -ING? * LOS DOS ZAPATOS:
Am / Is / Are + Verbo en -
I am working I am not working Am I working? ING
(No saldrías a la calle sin
(Yo estoy trabajando) (Yo no estoy trabajando) (¿Estoy trabajando?) uno de tus zapatos,
¿verdad?)
You are working You are not working Are you working?
* Cuando añadimos el
(Tú estás trabajando) (Tú no estás trabajando) (¿Estás trabajando…?) sufijo –ing a verbos
terminados en –y, nunca
He is working He is not working Is he working? quitamos la –y.
Ejemplos:
She is working She is not working Is she working?
Playing y Studying (pero
It is working It is not working Is it working? nunca plaing o studing)
* La consonante final del
We are working We are not working Are we working? verbo se dobla cuando:
You are working You are not working Are you working? a) El verbo sólo tiene una
sílaba
They are working They are not working Are they working? b) Si las tres últimas
letras del verbo siguen el
DON’T FORGET: Las Formas contraídas esquema: consonante +
son: Respuesta corta: vocal + consonante
Las formas contraídas I’m not / You’re not = You Yes, I am / No, I am not Ejemplos:
serían: I’m, you’re, he’s, aren`t / He’s not = He isn’t / Yes, you are / No, you aren’t Swim = 1 sílaba + CVC =
She’s not = She isn’t / It’s not Yes, he is / No, he isn’t swimming
she’s, it’s, we’re, you’re, = It isn’t / We’re not = We Shop = 1 sílaba + CVC =
…
aren’t / You’re not = You Shopping
they’re  
aren’t / They’re not = They
aren’t
 PAST SIMPLE
USOS:
- Acciones pasadas finalizadas (cerradas): I finished my homework / We went to the cinema yesterday. = Yo terminé mis
deberes / Nosotros fuimos al cine ayer.
- Acción pasada corta que interrumpió una acción pasada larga. It was raining when we arrived. = Estaba lloviendo cuando
llegamos.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- yesterday, … ago (two days ago, three years ago), last… (last Monday, last Christmas…), when…
Affirmative Negative Interrogative REMEMBER:
Subject + Didn’t + Infinitive Did + Subject + Infinitive? * Verbos terminados en –y:
I worked / I drank play = played (antes de
(Yo trabajé / Yo bebí) I didn’t work / didn’t drink Did I work? / Did I drink? la –y hay una vocal)
You worked / you drank (Yo no trabajé / Yo no bebí) (¿Trabajé…? / ¿Bebí…?) study = studied (antes de
You didn’t work / didn’t drink Did you work? / Did you drink? la –y hay una
(Tú trabajaste / Tú
consonante)
bebiste) (Tú no trabajaste / Tú no bebiste) (¿Trabajaste…) / ¿Bebiste…?)
* Verbos terminados en –e
He worked / He drank He didn’t work / didn’t drink Did he work? / Did he drink? sólo añaden una –d.
She worked / She drank She didn’t work / didn’t drink Did she work? / Did she drink? Ejemplos:
It didn’t work / didn’t drink Did it work? / Did it drink? decide = decided; use =
It worked / It drank
We didn’t work / didn’t drink used; prepare = prepared
We worked / we drank Did we work? / Did we drink? * La consonante final del
You worked / you drank You didn’t work / didn’t drink Did you work? / Did you drink? verbo se dobla cuando:
They worked / they They didn’t work / didn’t Did they work? / Did they drink? a) El verbo sólo tiene una
drink Respuesta corta: sílaba
drank
OJO: No hace falta poner la -ed b) Si las tres últimas
OJO: Yes, I did / No, I didn’t letras del verbo siguen el
- Todas las personas se a work ni tampoco poner la
segunda columna de drink (o esquema: consonante +
conjugan igual. Yes, he did / No, he didn’t… vocal + consonante
- Para conjugar verbos sea, drank) porque la marca de
pasado ya está en el didn’t!! OJO: No hace falta poner la -ed a Ejemplos:
regulares añadimos –ed o Stop = 1 sílaba + CVC =
work ni tampoco poner la segunda
–d al verbo regular. Stopped
columna de drink (o sea, drank)
- Para conjugar los verbos Shop = 1 sílaba + CVC =
porque la marca de pasado ya está
irregulares tenemos que Shopped
en el Did.
sabernos la segunda
columna de la lista.
PAST CONTINUOUS
USOS:
- Acciones pasadas que tuvieron una larga duración: I was studying for 4 hours. = Yo estuve estudiando durante 4 horas.
- Acción pasada larga que es interrumpida por una acción corta: My mother phoned while we were watching TV. = Mi
madre llamó mientras estábamos viendo la televisión.
- Dos acciones pasadas que estaban ocurriendo al mismo tiempo, a la vez, simultáneamente: We were reading while my
parents were cooking. = Nosotros estábamos leyendo mientras mis padres estaban cocinando.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
while…, at that moment…, at 5 o’clock… (con horas concretas)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative REMEMBER:
* LOS DOS ZAPATOS:
Subject + Was / Were + Subject + Was / were + Was / Were+ Subject + -ING? Was / Were + Verbo en -
-ING -ING ING
I was working I was not working Was I working? * Cuando añadimos el
sufijo –ing a verbos
(Yo estaba trabajando) (Yo no estaba trabajando) (¿Estaba yo trabajando?) terminados en –y, nunca
You were not working Were you working? quitamos la –y.
You were working Ejemplos:
(Tú no estabas trabajando) (¿Estabas tú trabajando…?)
(Tú estabas trabajando) Playing y Studying (pero
He was not working Was he working?
nunca plaing o studing)
He was working She was not working Was she working? * La consonante final del
It was not working Was it working? verbo se dobla cuando:
She was working a) El verbo sólo tiene una
We were not working Were we working?
It was working sílaba
You were not working Were you working?
b) Si las tres últimas
We were working They were not working Were they working? letras del verbo siguen el
REMEMBER: esquema: consonante +
You were working vocal + consonante
was not = wasn’t Respuesta corta:
They were working Yes, I was / No, I was not Swim = 1 sílaba + CVC =
were not = weren’t swimming
Yes, you were / No, you were not
 WILL + INFINITIVO (FUTURO SIMPLE)
USOS:
- Predicciones sin evidencia y/o deseos sobre el futuro: I will be rich in the future (Yo seré rico en el futuro) / We will
travel to Miami one day. (Nosotros viajaremos a Miami algún día) = Se traduce por Futuro Simple (comeré, viviré,
compraré…)
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- soon, tomorrow, next month, in a year, I think, I don’t think, maybe, perhaps…
Affirmative Negative Interrogative REMEMBER:
Subject + Will not or Will + Subject + Infinitive…? * Todas las personas se
I will buy Won’t + Infinitive conjugan igual.
Will I buy…? = ¿Compraré…? * Recuerda que son
(Yo compraré)
I will not buy predicciones sin
You will buy Will you buy…?= ¿Comprarás…?
(Yo no compraré) evidencia, sin prueba. Es
You will not buy Will he buy…?= ¿Comprará él…? decir, son cosas que
(Tú comprarás)
decimos sin ningún tipo
(Tú no comprarás) Will she buy?=¿Comprará ella…?
He/she/it will buy de base o prueba.
He/she/it will not buy He thinks he will win
We will buy Will it buy…?
We will not buy the race
You will buy You will not buy Will we buy…?
= Él cree que ganará la
They will buy They will not buy Will you buy…? carrera
(Lo dice porque es lo
OJO: ¡TODAS LAS Will they buy…?
OJO: que desea, es su opinión,
PERSONAS SE WILL NOT = WON’T Respuesta corta: pero no es una
I will not go = Yo no iré Yes, I will / No, I will not / Yes, she predicción basada en
CONJUGAN IGUAL! I won’t go = Yo no iré will / No, she will not… evidencias)
BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO
USOS:
- Planes de futuro no del todo cerrados o intenciones. I am going to buy a new car = Me voy a comprar un coche nuevo /
Tengo la intención de comprarme un coche nuevo. // She is going to do her homework = Va a hacer sus deberes…
- Predicciones con evidencia que hacemos sobre lo que podemos ver en el momento, es decir, me baso en lo que veo para
hacer la predicción = The sky is dark. It is going to rain! = El cielo está oscuro. ¡Va a llover! // That woman is pregnant.
She is going to have a baby = Esa mujer está embarazada. Va a tener un bebé.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- soon, tomorrow, next week, in a month…
Affirmative Negative Interrogative REMEMBER:
* Se suele traducir como
Subject + Am / Is / Are + Subject + Am / Is / Are + Am / Is / Are + Subject + Going “Ir a…” o “Tener la
Going To + Infinitive Not + Going to + Infinitive to + Infinitive? intención de…” o “Tener
planeado…”
I am going to travel I am not going to travel Am I going to travel?
* Cuando añadimos el
(Yo voy a viajar) (Yo no voy a viajar) (¿Voy a viajar…?) sufijo –ing a verbos
You are not going to travel terminados en –y, nunca
You are going to travel Are you going to travel?
quitamos la –y.
(Tú vas a viajar) (Tú no vas a viajar) (¿Vas a viajar…?) Ejemplos:
Playing y Studying (pero
He is going to travel He is not going to travel Is he going to travel? nunca plaing o studing)
She is going to travel She is not going to travel Is she going to travel?
* La consonante final del
It is not going to travel verbo se dobla cuando:
It is going to travel Is it going to travel?
We are not going to travel a) El verbo sólo tiene una
We are going to travel Are we going to travel? sílaba
You are not going to travel b) Si las tres últimas
You are going to travel Are you going to travel?
They are not going to travel letras del verbo siguen el
They are going to travel Are they going to travel? esquema: consonante +
vocal + consonante
OJO! Ejemplos:
No te olvides de conjugar el Respuesta corta: Swim = 1 sílaba + CVC =
verbo To Be e incluir en Yes, I am / No, I am not swimming
infinitivo al final: Yes, you are / No, you aren’t Shop = 1 sílaba + CVC =
We are going to play. Yes, he is / No, he isn’t Shopping
…