&È/&8/2$9$1=$'2

3(3 6HJXQGR6HPHVWUH
3XQWDMHV\6ROXFLRQHV 6DQWLDJRHQHURGH

 5HVROYHU ³   [   \  G [    [    \   G \ VL & HVGDGDSRU [    \   

&

6ROXFLyQ

$SOLFDQGRWHRUHPDGH*UHHQ6LHQGR I  [ \    [ \ J [ \ 

[    \   GHFODVH&
¶
\&FXUYD
UHJXODUFHUUDGDVHWLHQH

³³ ³³    \    [  G[G\ ³³ [   \  G[G\
§ wJ wI ·
, ¨¨  ¸¸G[G\  
'
© w[ w\ ¹ ' '

&RQ' [    \  d  FRQFDPELRVGHYDULDEOHV [ U FRV M  \ U VLQ M  M U VHWLHQH

,  ³³  U  FRV  M   U  VLQ  M UGUG\
 ³³  U  GUG\
'

'

&RQ'¶d Ud  d M d S

, ³
S


U GU G\


U 
S S


 

RWUDDOWHUQDWLYDGHVROXFLyQHVGLUHFWDPHQWHSDUDPHWUL]DQGR&FRPR U W   FRV W  VLQ W  W  >S @

o

 &DOFXODU HO iUHD $ 6   GH OD SDUWH GH OD VXSHUILFLH 6 GHO FLOLQGUR \   ]  D  XELFDGD HQ HO

SULPHURFWDQWHDFRWDGDSRUORVSODQRV [  \  ] N[ FRQ D !  N ! 

6ROXFLyQ

\ [
\ ] 
D 
š ] N[ Ÿ \  N [  
D 
R    
D D
N

$ V  ³³ GV
[ X
V

\ D FRV Y
] D VLQ Y

7Q L
š

7Y D VLQ Y M  D FRV Y N
š š
 š š š
L M N
7X u7Y   
  D VLQY D FRVY

D FRVY M D VLQY N
š š

7X u 7 Y D

D ³³ GXGY
§ D · D
$ V  D ¨D S S
5XY
 © N ¹̧ N

9HULILFDUHOWHRUHPDGH6WRNHVSDUDHOFDPSRYHFWRULDO )  ]  [  \  \ODVXSHUILFLH
] [   \  LQWHULRUDOFLOLQGUR [   \  D  

6ROXFLyQ 

3DUDODLQWHJUDOGHVXSHUILFLH ,  ³³ ’[ ) Q G6 VHWLHQH )  ]  [ \  FDPSRYHFWRULDOGHFODVH&

o š o


  [   \
V

FRQ ’[ ) ’[  ] [ \   Q  G6  [    \   G[G\

o š

[   \  
 

, ³³   [   \  G[G\ FRQ '  [   \  d D  FRQFRRUGHQDGDVSRODUHV

³³  U FRV M  U VLQ M  UGUGM

'

,
'

³ §¨© ³  U FRV M  U VLQ M  U GU ·¹̧GM ³ §¨© ³ UGU ·¹̧GM

D
S S
S SD 
D D
 

SDUDODLQWHJUDOFXUYLOLQHD ,  ³ ) G U FRQ )  ]  [ \ 
o o o

&

SDUDPHWUL]DQGR&FRPR U W  D FRV W D VLQ WD FRV W  W  >S @

o


 D VLQ W D FRV WD VLQ W  VHWLHQH

o
U
W  

, ³ D FRV W  D FRV W  D VLQ W  D VLQ W  D FRV W D  VLQ W GW

S



³ D FRV W D  FRV W VLQ W  D  VLQ W VLQ W GW SD 

S