√𝑥 2 − 16

∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
Solución
SUSTITUCION TRIGONOMÉTRICA
𝑥 = 4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡. 𝑡𝑔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
√𝑥 2 − 16 √(4𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡)2 − 16
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (4. sec 𝑡. 𝑡𝑔 𝑡 𝑑𝑡)
𝑥3 (4 sec 𝑡)3
√16. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 − 16
= ∫ (4. sec 𝑡. 𝑡𝑔 𝑡 𝑑𝑡)
(4 sec 𝑡)3
1 √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 − 1
= ∫ (sec 𝑡. 𝑡𝑔 𝑡 𝑑𝑡)
4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑡
1 √𝑡𝑔2 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑡𝑔 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡
1 𝑡𝑔2 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
4 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡
1
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
4
Por identidad trigonometrica del ángulo mitad
1 1 − cos 2𝑡
= ∫ . 𝑑𝑡
4 2
1
= [∫ 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ cos 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡]
8
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑡
= (𝑡− )+𝑘
8 2
1 2. 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡. cos 𝑡
= (𝑡− )+𝑘
8 2

𝑥
𝑥 = 4𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡 ⟹ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡 = 4

x
√𝑥 2 − 16

4
 √𝑥 2 − 16 4
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = ; cos 𝑡 = 𝑥
4

1 𝑥 √𝑥2 − 16 4
= (arcsec − . )+𝑘
8 4 4 𝑥

√𝑥 2 − 16 1 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 16
∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = (arcsec − )+𝑘
𝑥3 8 4 𝑥

𝑥+4
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
Solución
factorizando el denomidor:
𝑥+4 𝑥+4 𝑥+4
= =
𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2) 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥+4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= + +
𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 𝑥+2 𝑥+1
𝑥+4 𝐴(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶𝑥(𝑥 + 2)
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶𝑥(𝑥 + 2)
𝒙 = 𝟎:
(0) + 4 = 𝐴(0 + 2)(0 + 1) + 𝐵(0)(0 + 1) + 𝐶(0)(0 + 2)
4 = 2𝐴
𝐴=2
𝒙 = −𝟐
(−2) + 4 = 𝐴(−2 + 2)(−2 + 1) + 𝐵(−2)(−2 + 1) + 𝐶(−2)(−2 + 2)
2 = 2𝐵
𝐵=1
𝒙 = −𝟏
(−1) + 4 = 𝐴(−1 + 2)(−1 + 1) + 𝐵(−1)(−1 + 1) + 𝐶(−1)(−1 + 2)
3 = −1𝐶
𝐶 = −3
Integrando
𝑥+4 2 1 −3
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( + + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 2
+ 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+2 𝑥+1
 1 1 1
= 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥+2 𝑥+1
𝑎 =𝑥+2 𝑧=𝑥+1
𝑑𝑎 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1
= 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑎 − 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑧
𝑥 𝑎 𝑧
= 2𝐿𝑛|𝑥 | + 𝐿𝑛|𝑎| − 3𝐿𝑛|𝑧| + 𝐶
𝑥+4
∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝐿𝑛|𝑥 | + 𝐿𝑛|𝑥 + 2| − 3𝐿𝑛|𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥

4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥
Solución

4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8
= =
𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 + 4) 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)2

4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸
= + +
𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)2 𝑥 𝑥 2 + 2 (𝑥 2 + 2)2
4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 2)2 + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 )(𝑥 )(𝑥 2 + 2) + (𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸)(𝑥)
=
𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)2 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)2
4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 2)2 + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 )(𝑥 )(𝑥 2 + 2) + (𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸)(𝑥)
4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 = 𝐴𝑥 4 + 4𝐴𝑥 2 + 4𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥 4 + 2𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 3 + 2𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥 2 + 𝐸𝑥
4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 = (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑥 4 + 𝐶𝑥 3 + (4𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 𝐷)𝑥 2 + (2𝐶 + 𝐸)𝑥 + 4𝐴
𝐴+𝐵 =0
𝐶=0
2𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 𝐷 = 4
2𝐶 + 𝐸 = 2
{ 4𝐴 = 8
Su solución es:
𝐴=2 ; 𝐵 = −2 ; 𝐶=0 ; 𝐷=4 ; 𝐸=2
Integrando
4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 2 −2𝑥 4𝑥 + 2
∫ 5 3
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( + 2 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 + 2)2

1 𝑥 𝒙 1
= 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫
𝑥 𝑥2 +2
𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝟐 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 +2∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 …….. (*)
(𝒙 +𝟐) (𝑥2 +2)

Integrando separadamente
 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 +2
𝑎 = 𝑥2 + 2
𝑑𝑎 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑎
1 1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑎 = 2 𝐿𝑛|𝑎| = 2 𝐿𝑛|𝑥2 + 2|
2 𝑎
𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 2)2
𝑧 = 𝑥2 + 2
𝑑𝑧 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑧
2𝑥
1 1 1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑧 −2 𝑑𝑧 = − 2 𝑧 −1 = − 2(𝑥2+2)
2 𝑧2

1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 2)2
𝑥 = √2𝑡𝑔𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = √2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
√2𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑡
∫ 2 𝑑𝑡 = √2 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
2 2((𝑡𝑔 𝑡)2 + 1)2
((√2𝑡𝑔 𝑡) + 2)

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 √2 1 √2
= √2 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑡)2 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑡 2
√2 1 + cos(2𝑡) √2
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫(1 + cos(2𝑡))𝑑𝑡
2 2 4
√2 √2 √2 √2
= 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ cos(2𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
4 4 8
𝑧 = 2𝑡
𝑑𝑧 = 2 𝑑𝑡
√2 √2 √2√2 √2 √2
= 𝑡+ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = 𝑡+ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (2𝑡) = 𝑡+ [2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡. cos 𝑡]
4 8 4 8 4 8

√2 √2
= 𝑡+ [𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡. cos 𝑡]
4 4
𝑥
𝑥 = √2 𝑡𝑔𝑡 ⇒ 𝑡𝑔 𝑡 =
√2

√𝑥 2 + 2
𝑥

√2
𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 =
√𝑥 2 +2
 √2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 =
√𝑥 2 + 2

√2 𝑥 √2 𝑥 √2
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( ) + [ . ]
4 √2 4 √ 𝑥2 + 2 √ 𝑥2 + 2

1 √2 𝑥 1 𝑥
∫ (𝑥 2 +2)2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( ) + [2 ]
4 √2 2 𝑥 +2

REEMPLAZANDO EN (*)
2 √2 𝑥 1 𝑥
= 2𝐿𝑛|𝑥 | − 𝐿𝑛|𝑥2 + 2| − + 2 [ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( ) + [ 2 ]]
2
(𝑥 + 2) 4 √2 2 𝑥 +2
2 √2 𝑥 𝑥
∴ = 2𝐿𝑛|𝑥 | − 𝐿𝑛|𝑥2 + 2| − + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( )+ +𝑘
𝑥2 +2 2 √2 2(𝑥 2+ 2)

∫ 𝒙𝑳𝒏(𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
Solución
1
𝑢 = 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑥 )  𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑥2
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥  𝑣 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
2

𝑥2 𝑥2 1 𝑥2 1 𝑥2 − 1 + 1
= 𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑥 | − ∫ . 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑥 ) − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2 1+𝑥 2 2 1+𝑥

𝑥2 1 𝑥2 − 1 1
= 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑥 ) − ∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑥
2 2 1+𝑥 1+𝑥
𝑥2 1 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 1
= 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑥 ) − ∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑥
2 2 1+𝑥 1+𝑥

𝑥2 1 1 𝑥2 1 1 1
= 𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑥 | − 2 ∫(𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥+1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑥 | − 2 ∫(𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
2 2

𝑎 = 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑎 = 𝑑𝑥
1
∫ 𝑑𝑎 = 𝐿𝑛|𝑎| = 𝐿𝑛|𝑥 + 1|
𝑎
𝑥2 1 𝑥2
∴= 𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑥 | − ( − 𝑥 + 𝐿𝑛|𝑥 + 1|) + 𝐶
2 2 2
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑥 2  𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 1
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥  𝑣 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3 𝑥
3 3

1 2
= 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
3 3

∫ 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑥  𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥 )𝑑𝑥  v = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛( 3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 = 3𝑥
1
𝑑𝑎 = 3𝑑𝑥  𝑑𝑥 = 3 𝑑𝑎

1
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑎
3
1 1
= − cos 𝑎=− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥
3 3

1 1
= − 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
3 3

1 1
= − 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥 )
3 9

1 2 1 1
∴ = 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3 𝑥 − [− 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥 )] + 𝑘
3 3 3 9
1 2 2 1
= 3 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3 𝑥 + 9 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 27 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥 ) + 𝑘

∫ 𝒙𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙.

𝑢 = 𝑥  𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥  v= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥
∴= 𝑥𝑒𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒𝑥+ k

∫ 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒙 . 𝒅𝒙
𝑢 = 𝑥  𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥  𝑣 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥

∴ = −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶

∫ 𝒙𝑳𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙
1
𝑢 = 𝐿𝑛𝑥  𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑥2
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥  𝑣 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
2
𝑥2 𝑥2 1 𝑥2 1 𝑥2 𝑥2
∴ = 2 𝐿𝑛𝑥 − ∫ 2 . 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝐿𝑛𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥= 2 𝐿𝑛𝑥 − 4 + k

∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑥 2  𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥  𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥
= 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑥  𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥  𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥

∴ = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑘