UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CALLAO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

“Tarea sobre Límites”

❖ DOCENTE:

● Rodriguez Chuquimango Santos

❖ INTEGRANTES:

● Company Carbajal, Ada

• Huamani Huamani, Frank domminic

● Urriburu De la Cruz, Valentina Aisha S.

15 de Octubre de 2022
1. Demostrar los siguientes límites
𝑥−2 1
a) lim 𝑥−4
= 4
𝑥→4

3 3
b) lim 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑥→𝑎

8𝑥+3
c) lim 2𝑥−1
= 4
𝑥 → −∞

Utilizando la definicion de limite:

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿 ↔ [(∀ε > 0), (∃𝑀 < 0)/(𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 𝑀 ∧ 𝑥 ϵ 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑓) → (|𝑓(𝑥) − 𝐿| < ε)]
𝑥 → −∞

Demostración:

8𝑥+3 8𝑥+3
lim = 4 ↔ ⎡(∀ε > 0), (∃𝑀 < 0)/(𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 𝑀 ∧ 𝑥 ϵ 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑓) → (| − 4| < ε)⎤
𝑥 → −∞
2𝑥−1 ⎣ 2𝑥−1 ⎦

| 8𝑥+3 − 4| = | 8𝑥+3−4(2𝑥−1) | = | 8𝑥 +3−8𝑥+4 | = | 7 | =− 7

< ε
| 2𝑥−1 | | 2𝑥−1 | | 2𝑥−1 | | 2𝑥−1 | 2𝑥−1

Despejar X:
7
7 1 2𝑥−1 7 7 −( ε +1)
− 2𝑥−1
< ε ⇒ ε
<− 7
⇒ ε
<− (2𝑥 − 1) ⇒ ε
<− 2𝑥 + 1 ⇒ 𝑥 < 2
=𝑀

Haciendo:
7
−( ε +1)
2
= 𝑀

● Se tiene:
x<M
7
−( ε +1) 7 7 8𝑥+3
𝑥< 2
⇒ ε
<− (2𝑥 − 1) ⇒ − 2𝑥−1
< ε ⇒ || 2𝑥−1 − 4|| < ε
8𝑥+3
𝐴𝑠í 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 lim 2𝑥−1
= 4
𝑥 → −∞
2. Calcular los siguientes límites
3
ℎ+1−1
a) lim ℎ
ℎ→0

Solución:
3 3
ℎ+1−1 0+1−1 1−1 0
lim ℎ
= 0
= 0
= 0
𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜
ℎ→0

3 3 3
2 3 2 3
3 3
ℎ+1−1 ℎ+1−1 ( ℎ+1) + ℎ+1*1+1 ( ℎ+1) −1
lim ℎ
= ℎ
* 3
2 3 2
= 3
2 3 2
ℎ→0 ( ℎ+1) + ℎ+1*1+1 ℎ*( ℎ+1) + ℎ+1*1+1

ℎ+1−1 1 1 1
= 3
2 3 2
= 3
2 3 2
= 3
2 3 2
= 3
ℎ*( ℎ+1) + ℎ+1*1+1 ( ℎ+1) + ℎ+1*1+1 ( 0+1) + 0+1*1+1
3
ℎ+1−1 1
lim ℎ
= 3
ℎ→0

b) lim
𝑥 → −∞
( 3 3
𝑥 + 𝑥−
3 3
𝑥 + 1 )
( ) ( )
3
3 2 3 6 4 3
3
3 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 (𝑥 +𝑥) + 𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥+ (𝑥 +1)
lim 𝑥 + 𝑥− 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 + 𝑥− 𝑥 +1 * 2 2
𝑥 → −∞
3 3 3
3 6 4 3 3
(𝑥 +𝑥) + 𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥+ (𝑥 +1)

( )( )
3 3 3 3
3
3 2 3 6 4 3
3
3 2
𝑥 +𝑥− 𝑥 +1 * (𝑥 +𝑥) + 𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥+ (𝑥 +1) 3 3
𝑥 +𝑥−𝑥 −1
= 3 2 3 2
= 3 6 4 2 3 6 4 3 3 6 3
3
(𝑥 +𝑥) + 𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥+ (𝑥 +1)
3 6 4 3 3 𝑥 +2𝑥 +𝑥 + 𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥+ 𝑥 +2𝑥 +1

=
𝑥*
2
( 1
𝑥
−
1
2
𝑥 ) =
1
𝑥
−
1
2
𝑥

𝑥*
2
( 3
1+
2
2
𝑥
+
1
𝑥
4 +
3
1+
1
𝑥
2 +
𝑥
1
3 +
1
𝑥
5 +
3
1+
2
𝑥
3 +
1
𝑥
6 ) 3
1+
2
𝑥
2 +
1
𝑥
4 +
3
1+
1
𝑥
2 +
𝑥
1
3 +
1
𝑥
5 +
3
1+
2
𝑥
3 +
1
6
𝑥

= 3
1+2*0+0+ 1+0+0+0+ 1+2*0+0
3
0−0
3 ⇒ lim
𝑥 → −∞
( 3 3
𝑥 + 𝑥−
3 3
𝑥 + 1 =0 )
𝑡+ 𝑡+ 𝑡
c) lim
𝑡+1
𝑡 → +∞
 1 1 1 1
𝑡( 1+ + ) 1+ +
𝑡+ 𝑡+ 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
3 𝑡 𝑡
3
1+ 0+ 0
lim = = =
𝑡 → +∞
𝑡+1 𝑡 ( 1+
1
𝑡 ) 1+
1
𝑡
1+0

𝑡+ 𝑡+ 𝑡
lim =1
𝑡+1
𝑡 → +∞

3 2 3 2
(𝑡+𝑎) − 𝑎
d) lim 𝑡
𝑡→0

3 2 3 2 lim (2)
(𝑡+𝑎) − 𝑎 2 𝑡→0 2 2
lim 𝑡
= 3 = 3 = =
3* 𝑡+𝑎 lim (3* 𝑡+𝑎)
𝑡→0 3* lim (𝑡+𝑎) 3* lim (𝑡)+ lim (𝑎)
3 3
𝑡→0 𝑡→0 𝑡→0 𝑡→0

3 2 3 2
2 (𝑡+𝑎) − 𝑎 2
= 3 ⇒ lim 𝑡
= 3
3* 0+𝑎 3 𝑎
𝑡→0

4 4 2
𝑥 +1− 𝑥 +1
e) lim 2
𝑥→0 𝑥

3
𝑥 𝑥
4 4 2 − 2 2 4 3/4 2 2 4 3/4

lim
𝑥 +1− 𝑥 +1
=
4
(𝑥 +1)
3/4 2
𝑥 +1
=
𝑥 * 𝑥 +1− 𝑥 +1 ( ) =
0 * 0 +1− 0 +1 ( )
2 2𝑥 4 3/4 2 4 3/4 2
𝑥→0 𝑥 (
2* 𝑥 +1 ) * 𝑥 +1 (
2* 0 +1 ) * 0 +1

4 4 2
𝑥 +1− 𝑥 +1 1
⇒ lim 2 =− 2
𝑥→0 𝑥

3
7+ 𝑥−3
f) lim 𝑥−8
𝑥→8

Solución:
3 3
7+ 𝑥−3 7+ 8−3 9−3 0
lim 𝑥−8
= 8−8
= 0
= 0
𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝑥→8

3
7+ 𝑥−3 1 1 1
lim 𝑥−8
= 6 3
= =
𝑥→8
6 6
3 4 4 4 3 4 3 2 5 4 4 3 4 3 2 5
6* (7+ 𝑥) *𝑥 6* 343𝑥 +147𝑥 * 𝑥+21𝑥 𝑥 +𝑥 6* 343*8 +147*8 * 8+21*8 8 +8
 3
7+ 𝑥−3 1
lim 𝑥−8
= 72
𝑥→8

2 2
⟦𝑥 ⟧−⟦𝑥⟧
g) lim 2
𝑥 → 1+ 𝑥 −1

3. Calcular los siguientes límites trigonométricos

sin 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
a) lim 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑥→ 4
π

sin 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 sin 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 sin 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 π

lim 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = (− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) =− 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 4 )
1− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥→ 4
π
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

2
⇒− 2

𝑥
1−sin 2
b) lim π−𝑥
𝑥→π

𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2

lim
1−sin
𝑥
2
=
− 2
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑥

=
𝑐𝑜𝑠( 1
2
*π ) =0
π−𝑥 −1 2 2
𝑥→π
𝑥
1−sin 2
⇒ lim π−𝑥
= 0
𝑥→π

1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
c) lim π−3𝑥
𝑥→ 3
π

π
1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3 3
lim π−3𝑥
= −3
=− 3
=− 3
=− 3
𝑥→ 3
π
 1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 3
⇒ lim π−3𝑥
=− 3
𝑥→ 3
π

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑥
d) lim 2
𝑥→0 𝑥

𝑚𝑥+𝑛𝑥 𝑚𝑥−𝑛𝑥 𝑚𝑥+𝑛𝑥 𝑚𝑥−𝑛𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑥 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
)*𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
) −2𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
)
lim 2 = 𝑥*𝑥
= lim 𝑥
* lim 𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
(𝑚+𝑛)𝑥 (𝑚−𝑛)𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
)
=− 2 * lim 𝑥
* lim 𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥→0

( ) ( )
(𝑚+𝑛) 𝑚+𝑛 (𝑚−𝑛) 𝑚−𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
*𝑥) 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
*𝑥) 2
=− 2 * lim 𝑥
* 𝑚+𝑛 * lim 𝑥
* 𝑚−𝑛
𝑥→0 2 𝑥→0 2

( ) ( )
𝑚+𝑛 (𝑚+𝑛) 𝑚−𝑛 (𝑚−𝑛)
𝑚+𝑛 2
*𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
*𝑥) 𝑚−𝑛 2
*𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
*𝑥)
=− 2 * 2
* lim 𝑚+𝑛 * 2
* lim 𝑚−𝑛
*𝑥 *𝑥
𝑥→0 2 𝑥→0 2

( ) ( )
(𝑚+𝑛) (𝑚−𝑛)
𝑚+𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
*𝑥) 𝑚−𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
*𝑥)
=− 2 * 2
* lim 𝑚+𝑛 * 2
* lim 𝑚−𝑛
*𝑥 *𝑥
𝑥→0 2 𝑥→0 2

( ) ( )
(𝑚+𝑛) (𝑚−𝑛)
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚−𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
*𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2
*𝑥)
=− 2 * 2
* 2
* lim 𝑚+𝑛 * lim 𝑚−𝑛
*𝑥 *𝑥
𝑥→0 2 𝑥→0 2

=− 2 *
𝑚+𝑛
2
*
𝑚−𝑛
2
* lim
𝑥→0
( 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥)
𝑥 )* lim
𝑥→0
( 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥)
𝑥 )
2 2
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚−𝑛 𝑛 −𝑚
=− 2 * 2
* 2
* 1 * 1⇒ 2

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
e) lim 3
𝑥→0 𝑥

2 2 2 4
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥*𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −4𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥+6𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
lim 3 = 2 = 6𝑥
= 6
𝑥→0 𝑥 3𝑥

2 4
−4𝑠𝑒𝑐 (0)+6𝑠𝑒𝑐 (0)+𝑐𝑜𝑠(0) 1
= 6
⇒ 2

𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
f) lim 𝑥
𝑥→0
 1 1
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 1−𝑥
2
1−0
2

lim 𝑥
= 1
= 1
=1
𝑥→0

𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
⇒ lim 𝑥
=1
𝑥→0

𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑥
g) lim 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥
𝑥→0

2 2
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑥 2
4𝑥 +1
2
4*0 +1 2
lim 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥)*3
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3*0)*3
= 3
𝑥→0

𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑥 2
⇒ lim 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥
= 3
𝑥→0

4. Calcular los siguientes límites exponenciales

𝑥+1
a) lim
𝑥→1
( ) 𝑥−1
2
𝑥 −1

𝑥+1

( )
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
lim
𝑥→1
𝑥−1
2
𝑥 −1
= lim
𝑥→1
( 𝑥−1
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1) ) = lim
𝑥→1
( )
1
𝑥+1

𝑥+1
⇒ lim
𝑥→1
( ) 𝑥−1
2
𝑥 −1
=
1
4

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

( )
2 𝑥
𝑥 −2𝑥+3
b) lim 2
𝑥→0 𝑥 −3𝑥+2
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
lim 1

( ) ( ) ( ) 3 1
2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥 −2𝑥+3
2
𝑥 −3𝑥+2
= lim
𝑥→0
𝑥 −2𝑥+3
2
𝑥 −3𝑥+2
𝑥→0
= lim
𝑥→0
𝑥 −2𝑥+3
2
𝑥 −3𝑥+2
= ( )
2

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

( )
2 𝑥
𝑥 −2𝑥+3 3
⇒ lim 2 = 2
𝑥→0 𝑥 −3𝑥+2

1 𝑛
c)
𝑥→∞
(
lim 1 − 𝑛 )

−𝑛 −1
lim 1 −
𝑥→∞
( 1 𝑛
𝑛 ) = lim
𝑥→∞
(( 1 + − ( 1
𝑛 )) ) =𝑒
−1

1 𝑛
⇒ lim 1 −
𝑥→∞
( 𝑛) =
1
𝑒

2 𝑥
d)
𝑥→∞
(
lim 1 + 𝑥 )

((1 + ) )
𝑥
2 𝑥
lim 1 +
𝑥→∞
( 𝑥 ) = lim
𝑥→∞
2
𝑥
2
=𝑒
2
 2 𝑥
⇒ lim 1 +
𝑥→∞
( 𝑥) =𝑒
2

𝑥−1 𝑥+2
e) lim
𝑥→∞
( )
𝑥+3

( )
1
𝑥−1 𝑥+2 𝑥−1 𝑥 𝑥−1 2 𝑥−1 𝑥 1− 𝑥
lim
𝑥→∞
( )
𝑥+3
= lim
𝑥→∞
( ) 𝑥+3
. lim
𝑥→∞
( )
𝑥+3
= lim
𝑥→∞
( )
𝑥+3
. lim
𝑥→∞
3
1+ 𝑥

Cambio de variable:

𝑡=𝑥 +3

𝑆𝑖 𝑥 → ∞ entonces 𝑡 → ∞

−3

( )
4
𝑡−4 𝑡−3 𝑡−4 𝑡 1−
lim
𝑡→∞
( )
𝑡
.1 = lim
𝑥→∞
( )
𝑡
. lim
𝑥→∞
𝑡
𝑡
𝑡
=

−𝑡/4 −4
lim
𝑥→∞
(( 1+ − ( 4
𝑡 )) ) . 1 = 𝑒
−4

𝑥−1 𝑥+2
⇒ lim
𝑥→∞
( ) 𝑥+3
=
1
−4
𝑒

3𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
f) lim (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 )
𝑥→ 2
π
 3

( )
1
3𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 −1
lim (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ) = lim (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) =𝑒
𝑥→ 2 𝑥→ 2
π π

Cambio de variable

1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
= 𝑧

𝑆𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 → 0, entonces 𝑧 → ∞

3
lim
𝑧→∞
(( 1+ 𝑧))
1 𝑧
=𝑒
3

3𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 3
⇒ lim (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ) =𝑒
𝑥→ 2
π

5. Analizar la continuidad de la siguiente función

5−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = { 3
, 𝑥<1

2
𝑥
, 𝑥≥1

¿Es continua en x = 1?

Para que la función sea continua en 1, se tendría que cumplir:

lim = lim
𝑥 → 1− 𝑥 → 1+

5−𝑥 4
lim 3
= 3
𝑥 → 1−

2
lim 𝑥
= 2
𝑥 → 1+

Se observa que:

lim ≠ lim
𝑥 → 1−𝑥 → 1+
Entonces, la función 𝑓(𝑥) no es continua en 1.

2 1
6. Si 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥≠0 y 𝑓(0) = 𝑘. Determine el valor de k para que la función sea

continua en x = 0.

7. Determine si la siguiente función es continua

1/𝑥
1+𝑒
𝑓(𝑥) = { 1/𝑥 , 𝑥≠0 0, 𝑥 = 0
1−𝑒
8. Estudie la continuidad de la función

𝑥 −𝑥
𝑒 +𝑒
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 −𝑥
𝑒 −𝑒