Naive Vayes

Naive vayes
2022-10-05
R Markdown
Cargamos los paquetes

library(e1071)
library(mlbench)
Cargamos la base de datos

data(PimaIndiansDiabetes)
str(PimaIndiansDiabetes)
## 'data.frame': 768 obs. of 9 variables:

## $ pregnant: num 6 1 8 1 0 5 3 10 2 8 ...
## $ glucose : num 148 85 183 89 137 116 78 115 197 125 ...
## $ pressure: num 72 66 64 66 40 74 50 0 70 96 ...
## $ triceps : num 35 29 0 23 35 0 32 0 45 0 ...
## $ insulin : num 0 0 0 94 168 0 88 0 543 0 ...
## $ mass : num 33.6 26.6 23.3 28.1 43.1 25.6 31 35.3 30.5 0 ...
## $ pedigree: num 0.627 0.351 0.672 0.167 2.288 ...
## $ age : num 50 31 32 21 33 30 26 29 53 54 ...
## $ diabetes: Factor w/ 2 levels "neg","pos": 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 ...
View(PimaIndiansDiabetes)
ANALISIS DESCIRPTIVO
library(data.table) #para leer y escribir datos de forma rapida
library(dplyr) #para manipulación de datos
##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:data.table':

##
## between, first, last
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

##
## filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(tidyr) #para manipulación de datos

library(ROCR) #para evaluar modelos
library(DataExplorer) #para realizar el análisis descriptivo con gráficos
library(e1071)
options(scipen=999)
Gráfico para observar la distribución de variables y los casos missing por

columnas, observaciones y filas
plot_intro(PimaIndiansDiabetes)
Gráfico para observar la distribución de frecuencias en variables categóricas

plot_bar(PimaIndiansDiabetes)
SUPUESTO DE INDEPENDENCIA
CORRELACION
M = cor(PimaIndiansDiabetes[,1:8])
M
## pregnant glucose pressure triceps insulin

mass
## pregnant 1.00000000 0.12945867 0.14128198 -0.08167177 -0.07353461
0.01768309
## glucose 0.12945867 1.00000000 0.15258959 0.05732789 0.33135711
0.22107107
## pressure 0.14128198 0.15258959 1.00000000 0.20737054 0.08893338
0.28180529
## triceps -0.08167177 0.05732789 0.20737054 1.00000000 0.43678257
0.39257320
## insulin -0.07353461 0.33135711 0.08893338 0.43678257 1.00000000
0.19785906
## mass 0.01768309 0.22107107 0.28180529 0.39257320 0.19785906
1.00000000
## pedigree -0.03352267 0.13733730 0.04126495 0.18392757 0.18507093
0.14064695
## age 0.54434123 0.26351432 0.23952795 -0.11397026 -0.04216295
0.03624187
## pedigree age
## pregnant -0.03352267 0.54434123
## glucose 0.13733730 0.26351432
## pressure 0.04126495 0.23952795
## triceps 0.18392757 -0.11397026
## insulin 0.18507093 -0.04216295
## mass 0.14064695 0.03624187
## pedigree 1.00000000 0.03356131
## age 0.03356131 1.00000000
GRAFICA DE CORRELACION
library(corrplot)
## corrplot 0.92 loaded
head(round(M,2))
## pregnant glucose pressure triceps insulin mass pedigree age

## pregnant 1.00 0.13 0.14 -0.08 -0.07 0.02 -0.03 0.54
## glucose 0.13 1.00 0.15 0.06 0.33 0.22 0.14 0.26
## pressure 0.14 0.15 1.00 0.21 0.09 0.28 0.04 0.24
## triceps -0.08 0.06 0.21 1.00 0.44 0.39 0.18 -0.11
## insulin -0.07 0.33 0.09 0.44 1.00 0.20 0.19 -0.04
## mass 0.02 0.22 0.28 0.39 0.20 1.00 0.14 0.04
Visualizando el correlograma
Como círculo
corrplot(M, method="circle")
Como pastel
corrplot(M, method="pie")
Como color
corrplot(M, method="color")
Como número
corrplot(M, method="number")
MATRIZ DE COVARIANZA
cov(M)
## pregnant glucose pressure triceps insulin

## pregnant 0.144097834 -0.010996694 -0.004225405 -0.092562227 -0.08421299
## glucose -0.010996694 0.090466712 -0.017290677 -0.033470131 0.02015207
## pressure -0.004225405 -0.017290677 0.093334602 -0.002662336 -0.02996186
## triceps -0.092562227 -0.033470131 -0.002662336 0.128950466 0.06865535
## insulin -0.084212994 0.020152067 -0.029961860 0.068655347 0.11785514
## mass -0.056852645 -0.007328531 0.013952861 0.052493647 0.01159775
## pedigree -0.056894457 -0.013627923 -0.036184034 0.011400024 0.01146136
## age 0.109365251 0.009165967 0.007524614 -0.102297590 -0.08183818
## mass pedigree age
## pregnant -0.056852645 -0.056894457 0.109365251
## glucose -0.007328531 -0.013627923 0.009165967
## pressure 0.013952861 -0.036184034 0.007524614
## triceps 0.052493647 0.011400024 -0.102297590
## insulin 0.011597750 0.011461365 -0.081838179
## mass 0.098379518 -0.007156322 -0.057332956
## pedigree -0.007156322 0.107769683 -0.048938753
## age -0.057332956 -0.048938753 0.137087320
Modelos ajustado
fit <- naiveBayes(diabetes~., data=PimaIndiansDiabetes)
fit
##
## Naive Bayes Classifier for Discrete Predictors
##
## Call:
## naiveBayes.default(x = X, y = Y, laplace = laplace)
##
## A-priori probabilities:
## Y
## neg pos
## 0.6510417 0.3489583
##
## Conditional probabilities:
## pregnant
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 3.298000 3.017185
## pos 4.865672 3.741239
##
## glucose
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 109.9800 26.14120
## pos 141.2575 31.93962
##
## pressure
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 68.18400 18.06308
## pos 70.82463 21.49181
##
## triceps
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 19.66400 14.88995
## pos 22.16418 17.67971
##
## insulin
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 68.7920 98.86529
## pos 100.3358 138.68912
##
## mass
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 30.30420 7.689855
## pos 35.14254 7.262967
##
## pedigree
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 0.429734 0.2990853
## pos 0.550500 0.3723545
##
## age
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 31.19000 11.66765
## pos 37.06716 10.96825
Summary
summary(fit)
## Length Class Mode

## apriori 2 table numeric
## tables 8 -none- list
## levels 2 -none- character
## isnumeric 8 -none- logical
## call 4 -none- call
a<-modelo<-diabetes~.
summary(a)
## Length Class Mode

## 3 formula call
Resumen el ajuste
print(fit)
##
## Naive Bayes Classifier for Discrete Predictors
##
## Call:
## naiveBayes.default(x = X, y = Y, laplace = laplace)
##
## A-priori probabilities:
## Y
## neg pos
## 0.6510417 0.3489583
##
## Conditional probabilities:
## pregnant
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 3.298000 3.017185
## pos 4.865672 3.741239
##
## glucose
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 109.9800 26.14120
## pos 141.2575 31.93962
##
## pressure
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 68.18400 18.06308
## pos 70.82463 21.49181
##
## triceps
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 19.66400 14.88995
## pos 22.16418 17.67971
##
## insulin
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 68.7920 98.86529
## pos 100.3358 138.68912
##
## mass
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 30.30420 7.689855
## pos 35.14254 7.262967
##
## pedigree
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 0.429734 0.2990853
## pos 0.550500 0.3723545
##
## age
## Y [,1] [,2]
## neg 31.19000 11.66765
## pos 37.06716 10.96825
Predicciones
predictions <- predict(fit, PimaIndiansDiabetes[,1:8])
predictions
## [1] pos neg pos neg pos neg neg pos pos neg neg pos pos pos pos neg pos
neg
## [19] neg neg pos neg pos neg pos neg pos neg pos neg neg pos neg neg neg
neg
## [37] pos neg neg pos pos pos neg pos pos pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
pos
## [55] pos neg pos pos pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg
neg
## [73] pos neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg neg pos neg pos neg pos
neg
## [91] neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg pos pos neg neg neg neg neg neg
neg
## [109] neg neg pos pos neg neg pos pos neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg
neg
## [127] neg neg neg neg pos pos pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
neg
## [145] pos neg neg pos pos neg neg neg pos pos pos pos neg neg neg pos neg
neg
## [163] neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos neg pos pos
pos
## [181] neg neg neg neg neg pos pos pos neg neg neg pos pos pos neg pos neg
neg
## [199] neg pos neg neg neg neg neg neg pos pos neg pos neg pos pos neg neg
pos
## [217] neg neg neg neg pos pos neg pos neg neg neg pos pos neg neg pos neg
neg
## [235] neg pos pos pos pos neg neg neg neg pos neg pos neg pos pos neg neg
neg
## [253] neg neg pos neg neg neg pos pos pos pos neg neg neg neg pos pos neg
neg
## [271] pos neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg neg neg pos neg pos neg neg pos
pos
## [289] neg neg neg neg pos neg neg pos pos neg pos neg pos neg neg neg neg
neg
## [307] pos neg pos neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg pos neg pos neg neg neg
pos
## [325] neg neg neg pos neg neg pos neg pos neg neg pos pos neg pos pos neg
neg
## [343] neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos neg pos pos
pos
## [361] pos pos pos pos pos neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg pos neg
neg
## [379] pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos pos neg neg pos pos neg pos
pos
## [397] neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg pos pos neg neg pos
neg
## [415] neg pos neg pos neg neg neg neg neg neg pos pos neg pos neg neg neg
neg
## [433] neg neg neg pos pos neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg
neg
## [451] neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg pos pos neg neg neg neg pos neg neg
neg
## [469] pos pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg pos
pos
## [487] pos pos neg pos neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg pos pos neg neg neg
neg
## [505] neg neg pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos pos neg pos neg
neg
## [523] neg pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
pos
## [541] pos neg pos neg neg pos pos neg pos pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg
neg
## [559] pos neg neg pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos
neg
## [577] neg neg neg pos pos neg pos neg pos neg pos neg pos neg pos neg neg
pos
## [595] pos pos neg neg pos neg neg neg neg pos pos neg pos neg pos neg neg
pos
## [613] pos neg pos neg neg neg pos neg neg pos pos neg neg neg neg neg neg
neg
## [631] neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos neg
pos
## [649] pos neg neg neg neg neg neg pos neg pos pos neg pos pos pos pos neg
neg
## [667] pos neg neg pos pos neg neg pos neg pos pos neg neg neg neg pos neg
neg
## [685] neg neg neg neg neg pos neg pos neg pos neg pos neg neg neg neg neg
neg
## [703] pos pos neg neg neg neg pos neg pos neg pos neg neg pos pos neg neg
neg
## [721] neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg neg pos neg neg neg neg
neg
## [739] neg neg pos neg neg pos pos pos pos neg pos neg neg neg neg pos pos
pos
## [757] pos neg neg pos neg pos neg pos neg neg neg neg
## Levels: neg pos
Error cuadratico medio

library(Metrics)
CONVERSION DE DATOS
dataoriginal <- as.character(PimaIndiansDiabetes[,9])
datapredicha <- as.character(predictions)
Reemplazar cadenas de caracteres por número

Uso del Operador %>%
library(magrittr) # needs to be run every time you start R and want to use %>
%
##
## Attaching package: 'magrittr'
## The following object is masked from 'package:tidyr':

##
## extract
library(dplyr) # alternatively, this also loads %>%

library("nycflights13")
Conversion a ceros y unos de data original
orig <- (dataoriginal = replace(dataoriginal, dataoriginal == "neg", 0))
orig2 <- (orig = replace(orig, orig == "pos", 1))
dataoriginalnueva <- as.numeric(orig2)
Conversion a ceros y unos de data predicha

orig1 <- (datapredicha = replace(datapredicha, datapredicha == "neg", 0))
orig22 <- (orig1 = replace(orig1, orig1 == "pos", 1))
datapredichanueva <- as.numeric(orig22)
VISUALIZACIÓN DE LAS DOS DATA
Creacion de un contador
contador <- (1:768)
Unión de las dos datas

x <- cbind(contador,dataoriginalnueva, datapredichanueva)
marco<- as.data.frame(x)
library(patchwork)
library(ggplot2)
P1<-ggplot(data = marco) +
geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = contador, y = dataoriginalnueva))
P2<-ggplot(data = marco) +
geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = contador, y = datapredichanueva))
P1 / P2
## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula 'y ~ x'
Ayuda al ojo a ver patrones en presencia de sobretrazado. geom_smooth()y
stat_smooth()son efectivamente alias: ambos usan los mismos argumentos. Ú selo
stat_smooth() si desea mostrar los resultados con una geometría no está ndar.
Accuracy
table(predictions, PimaIndiansDiabetes$diabetes)
##
## predictions neg pos
## neg 421 104
## pos 79 164
Matriz de confusión
library(caret)
## Loading required package: lattice
##
## Attaching package: 'caret'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:Metrics':

##
## precision, recall
example <- confusionMatrix(data=predictions, reference =
PimaIndiansDiabetes$diabetes)
Grafica de matriz de confusion

draw_confusion_matrix <- function(cm) {
layout(matrix(c(1,1,2)))
par(mar=c(2,2,2,2))
plot(c(100, 345), c(300, 450), type = "n", xlab="", ylab="", xaxt='n',
yaxt='n')
title('CONFUSION MATRIX', cex.main=2)
# crea la matriz
rect(150, 430, 240, 370, col='#3F97D0')
text(195, 435, 'Class1', cex=1.2)
rect(250, 430, 340, 370, col='#F7AD50')
text(295, 435, 'Class2', cex=1.2)
text(125, 370, 'Predicted', cex=1.3, srt=90, font=2)
text(245, 450, 'Actual', cex=1.3, font=2)
rect(150, 305, 240, 365, col='#F7AD50')
rect(250, 305, 340, 365, col='#3F97D0')
text(140, 400, 'Class1', cex=1.2, srt=90)
text(140, 335, 'Class2', cex=1.2, srt=90)
# añade los resultados de cm

res <- as.numeric(cm$table)
text(195, 400, res[1], cex=1.6, font=2, col='white')
# añadir los detalles

plot(c(100, 0), c(100, 0), type = "n", xlab="", ylab="", main = "DETAILS",
xaxt='n', yaxt='n')
text(10, 85, names(cm$byClass[1]), cex=1.2, font=2)
text(10, 70, round(as.numeric(cm$byClass[1]), 3), cex=1.2)
# añadir la información de exactitud

text(30, 35, names(cm$overall[1]), cex=1.5, font=2)
text(30, 20, round(as.numeric(cm$overall[1]), 3), cex=1.4)
text(70, 35, names(cm$overall[2]), cex=1.5, font=2)
text(70, 20, round(as.numeric(cm$overall[2]), 3), cex=1.4)
}
cm <- confusionMatrix(data = predictions, reference =
PimaIndiansDiabetes$diabetes)
draw_confusion_matrix(cm)
Una implementación de Bayes ingenuo muy similar (NaiveBayes del paquete

klaR) puede ser utilizar con el paquete caret de la siguiente manera:
library(caret)
library(mlbench)
Cargar el conjunto de datos

data(PimaIndiansDiabetes)
Train
set.seed(7)
trainControl <- trainControl(method="cv", number=5)
fit.nb <- train(diabetes~., data=PimaIndiansDiabetes, method="nb",
metric="Accuracy",
trControl=trainControl)
## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with
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Resumir el ajuste
print(fit.nb)
## Naive Bayes
##
## 768 samples
## 8 predictor
## 2 classes: 'neg', 'pos'
##
## No pre-processing
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (5 fold)
## Summary of sample sizes: 614, 614, 615, 614, 615
## Resampling results across tuning parameters:
##
## usekernel Accuracy Kappa
## FALSE 0.7564553 0.4510005
## TRUE 0.7564978 0.4452698
##
## Tuning parameter 'fL' was held constant at a value of 0
## Tuning
## parameter 'adjust' was held constant at a value of 1
## Accuracy was used to select the optimal model using the largest value.
## The final values used for the model were fL = 0, usekernel = TRUE and
adjust
## = 1.
Predicto
nb <- naiveBayes(diabetes~ ., data= PimaIndiansDiabetes)
Se emplea type= ‘raw’ para sacar las probabilidades de que cada sujeto sea SÍ
churn O NO churn.
nb_predict<-predict(nb, PimaIndiansDiabetes, type = 'raw')[,2]
Sacamos los primeros 6 casos

head(nb_predict)
## [1] 0.66935390 0.01955521 0.80001038 0.01324244 0.99978314 0.05366275
plot(nb_predict~PimaIndiansDiabetes$diabetes)
Función para la matriz de confusión

En esta funció n se prepara la matriz de confusió n, donde se observa casos coinciden entre
la puntuació n real (obtenida por cada sujeto) y la puntuació n predicha (“scoring”) por el
modelo, estableciendo previmente un límite (“umbral”) para ello.
Función para probar distintos umbrales

Con esta funció n se analiza el efecto que tienen distintos umbrales sobre los indicadores de
la matriz de confusió n (precisió n y cobertura). Lo que buscaremnos será aquél que
maximice la relació n entre cobertura y precisió n.
metricas<-function(matriz_conf){
acierto <- (matriz_conf[1,1] + matriz_conf[2,2]) / sum(matriz_conf) *100
precision <- matriz_conf[2,2] / (matriz_conf[2,2] + matriz_conf[1,2]) *100
cobertura <- matriz_conf[2,2] / (matriz_conf[2,2] + matriz_conf[2,1]) *100
F1 <- 2*precision*cobertura/(precision+cobertura)
salida<-c(acierto,precision,cobertura,F1)
return(salida)
}
confusion<-function(real,scoring,umbral){
conf<-table(real,scoring>=umbral)
if(ncol(conf)==2) return(conf) else return(NULL)
}
umbrales<-function(real,scoring){
umbrales<-
data.frame(umbral=rep(0,times=19),acierto=rep(0,times=19),precision=rep(0,tim
es=19),cobertura=rep(0,times=19),F1=rep(0,times=19))
cont <- 1
for (cada in seq(0.05,0.95,by = 0.05)){
datos<-metricas(confusion(real,scoring,cada))
registro<-c(cada,datos)
umbrales[cont,]<-registro
cont <- cont + 1
}
return(umbrales)
}
umb_nb<-umbrales(PimaIndiansDiabetes$diabetes,nb_predict)
umb_nb
## umbral acierto precision cobertura F1

## 1 0.05 57.29167 44.82759 97.01493 61.32075
## 2 0.10 65.36458 50.20576 91.04478 64.72149
## 3 0.15 70.05208 54.50237 85.82090 66.66667
## 4 0.20 72.39583 57.52688 79.85075 66.87500
## 5 0.25 73.69792 59.88024 74.62687 66.44518
## 6 0.30 74.86979 62.05788 72.01493 66.66667
## 7 0.35 75.13021 63.13993 69.02985 65.95365
## 8 0.40 74.86979 63.53791 65.67164 64.58716
## 9 0.45 75.91146 66.27451 63.05970 64.62715
## 10 0.50 76.17188 67.48971 61.19403 64.18787
## 11 0.55 76.56250 69.29825 58.95522 63.70968
## 12 0.60 76.56250 70.75472 55.97015 62.50000
## 13 0.65 76.43229 73.01587 51.49254 60.39387
## 14 0.70 75.52083 73.80952 46.26866 56.88073
## 15 0.75 74.86979 75.16779 41.79104 53.71703
## 16 0.80 74.21875 76.51515 37.68657 50.50000
## 17 0.85 72.91667 76.31579 32.46269 45.54974
## 18 0.90 71.61458 77.77778 26.11940 39.10615
## 19 0.95 70.05208 77.14286 20.14925 31.95266
umbral_final_nb<-umb_nb[which.max(umb_nb$F1),1]
umbral_final_nb
## [1] 0.2
confusion(PimaIndiansDiabetes$diabetes,nb_predict,umbral_final_nb)
##
## real FALSE TRUE
## neg 342 158
## pos 54 214
Funcion para métricas de los modelos

Los indicadores a observar será n:
Acierto (accuracy) = (TRUE POSITIVE + TRUE NEGATIVE) / TODA LA POBLACIÓN
Precisión = TRUE POSITIVE / (TRUE POSITIVE + FALSE POSITIVE)
Cobertura (recall, sensitivity) = TRUE POSITIVE / (TRUE POSITIVE + FALSE
NEGATIVE)
F1 = 2* (precisión * cobertura) (precisión + cobertura)
nb_metricas<-filter(umb_nb,umbral==umbral_final_nb)
nb_metricas
## umbral acierto precision cobertura F1

## 1 0.2 72.39583 57.52688 79.85075 66.875
Función para probar distintos umbrales

Con esta funció n se analiza el efecto que tienen distintos umbrales sobre los indicadores de
la matriz de confusió n (precisió n y cobertura). Lo que buscaremnos será aquél que
maximice la relació n entre cobertura y precisió n (F1).
umbrales<-function(real,scoring){
umbrales<-
data.frame(umbral=rep(0,times=19),acierto=rep(0,times=19),precision=rep(0,tim
es=19),cobertura=rep(0,times=19),F1=rep(0,times=19))
cont <- 1
for (cada in seq(0.05,0.95,by = 0.05)){
datos<-metricas(confusion(real,scoring,cada))
registro<-c(cada,datos)
umbrales[cont,]<-registro
cont <- cont + 1
}
return(umbrales)
}
Funciones para calcular la curva ROC y el AUC
roc<-function(prediction){
r<-performance(prediction,'tpr','fpr')
plot(r)
}
auc<-function(prediction){
a<-performance(prediction,'auc')
return(a@y.values[[1]])
}
Creamos el objeto prediction

nb_prediction<-prediction(nb_predict,PimaIndiansDiabetes$diabetes)
Visualizamos la ROC
roc(nb_prediction)
Particiones de training (70%) y test (30%)
Métricas definitivas
nb_metricas<-cbind(nb_metricas,AUC=round(auc(nb_prediction),2)*100)
print(t(nb_metricas))
## [,1]
## umbral 0.20000
## acierto 72.39583
## precision 57.52688
## cobertura 79.85075
## F1 66.87500
## AUC 82.00000
Referencias
https://rpubs.com/AdSan-R/Rlog_NB_ChurnBank

Naive Vayes

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Cargamos los paquetes

Cargamos la base de datos

## 'data.frame': 768 obs. of 9 variables:

## The following objects are masked from 'package:data.table':

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

library(tidyr) #para manipulación de datos

Gráfico para observar la distribución de variables y los casos missing por

Gráfico para observar la distribución de frecuencias en variables categóricas

## pregnant glucose pressure triceps insulin

## corrplot 0.92 loaded

## pregnant glucose pressure triceps insulin mass pedigree age

## pregnant glucose pressure triceps insulin

## Length Class Mode

## Length Class Mode

Error cuadratico medio

Reemplazar cadenas de caracteres por número

## The following object is masked from 'package:tidyr':

library(dplyr) # alternatively, this also loads %>%

Conversion a ceros y unos de data predicha

VISUALIZACIÓN DE LAS DOS DATA

Unión de las dos datas

## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula 'y ~ x'

## Loading required package: lattice

## The following objects are masked from 'package:Metrics':

Grafica de matriz de confusion

# añade los resultados de cm

# añadir los detalles

# añadir la información de exactitud

Una implementación de Bayes ingenuo muy similar (NaiveBayes del paquete

Cargar el conjunto de datos

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with

## Warning in FUN(X[[i]], ...): Numerical 0 probability for all classes with