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The Earth is full of living organisms and non-living things. Living organisms
exist on land, in the water, in the air and even inside other living organisms.
We can distinguish living organisms from non-living things because they:
All living organisms are made up of cells. Some living organisms, like
bacteria, are made up of just one cell. Other living organisms are made up of
many cells.
Todos los organismos vivos están formados por células. Algunos organismos
vivos, como las bacterias, están formados por una sola célula. Otros
organismos vivos están formados por muchas células.
Cada célula es una pequeña unidad que puede realizar funciones vitales.
Las células pueden tener muchos tamaños y formas diferentes. Las células
animales y vegetales se mantienen unidas por una membrana celular, que es
como una bolsa. Dentro de cada célula hay una sustancia gelatinosa llamada
citoplasma.
Nutrition in plants
How does nutrition work in plants?
Plants are living organisms, so they need to perform vital functions: nutrition,
interaction and reproduction.
Plants make and distribute their own food, they respire and they release waste
substances. They absorb mineral salts from the soil.
Photosynthesis uses the energy from sunlight, combined with carbon dioxide
and water, to convert xylem sap into phloem sap. This happens in the plant's
leaves. Plants use this food to grow and to obtain energy. Some of the food is
also stored in the roots, fruit and other parts of the plant. The plant then
releases oxygen as a waste substance.
Nutrición en plantas
Plants respire all the time but the only photosynthesise when they are in
sunlight.
Plants release waste products into the environment.
Respiración en plantas
Las plantas respiran todo el tiempo pero la única fotosíntesis es cuando están
a la luz del sol.
Las plantas liberan productos de desecho al medio ambiente.
El oxígeno se libera durante la fotosíntesis.
El dióxido de carbono se libera durante la respiración.
El exceso de agua se libera durante la transpiración como vapor de
agua.
Interaction in plants
The amount of sunlight and water affects how plants grow. In spring, the days
are longer and warmer, and there is more sunlight. Many plants produce
flowers and leaves. In autumn, the days are shorter and cooler and there is
less sunlight.
Deciduous trees: lose their leaves. They use food stored in their roots and
stems.
Evergreen trees do not lose their leaves,but they are dormant. This means
that the parts of the tree above ground stop growing,or only grow very slowly.
Plantas y estaciones
Pollination
Bees are attracted to flowers because of their colour and the sweet smell of
nectar. As they drink the nectar, pollen sticks to their bodies and is transported
to other plants. Animals that help in the process of pollination
are called pollinators.
The wind carries pollen from some trees and grass. This pollen is often
shaped like balloons or propellers to help it travel through the air .
A grain of pollen lands on the stigma, which is part of the pistil. The pollen
grows down into an ovule, which is inside the ovary. Fertilisation happens in
the ovule.
The fertilised ovule forms an embryo, which becomes a seed. The ovary
changes shape and size and becomes the fruit. The fruit protects the seed
inside.
The fruit and seed fall away from the parent plant and come into contact with
the soil. When the seed is exposed to water and to the right temperature, it
germinates and forms a new plant.
Reproducción en plantas
Glossary
LIVING ORGANISMS
ORGANISMOS VIVOS
célula: La unidad más pequeña de un organismo vivo.
membrana celular: El exterior de una célula.
citoplasma: Líquido espeso en el interior de una célula.
Interacción: Reacciones a los cambios en el medio ambiente.
nutrición: Tomar alimentos y agua y excretar sustancias de desecho.
Descendencia: El producto de la reproducción.
Reproducción: Producción de descendencia.
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
INTERACTION IN PLANTS
PLANTAS Y ESTACIONES
árbol de hoja caduca: Un árbol que pierde sus hojas en el otoño.
latente: Un período de tiempo en el que la planta no está creciendo.
árbol de hoja perenne: Un árbol que tiene hojas todo el año.
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
Fertilization: The fusion of the ovule with pollen cells to produce a plant
embryo.
Germination: When the plant embyro begins to grow into a new plant.
Nectar: A sweet fluid produced by plants to attract pollinators.
pistil: The female reproductive organs of a flower.
Ovary: A part of the plant that contains the cell that becomes the seed.
Ovule:The female plant reproductive cell that is fertilised by the male
plant cell to produce a plant embryo.
pollen: A powdery substance that contains the male cells to fertilise the
ovule.
Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ to the
female reproductive organ.
Pollinator: An animal that transports pollen to plants.
Stamen: The male reproductive organ of a flower.
Stigma: The part of the pistil that receives pollen.