LESSON EIGHTEEN (eitin) Leccin 18

Como podemos ver los verbos REGULARES, tiene el participio pasado igual que el pasado y este normalmente se forma -agregando las terminaciones "D" o "ED" al presente. Los Verbos Irregulares, no siguen ninguna regla para formar el Pasado ni el Participio Pasado, sino que hay que aprender de memoria los tres tiempos.

I HAVE TALKED

Yo he platicado SHE HAD TALKED Ella ha platicado WE HAVEN'T TALKED Nosotros hemos platicado HAS ALICE GONE TO THE MOVIES? Ha ido Alicia al cine? YES SHE HAS GONE TO THE MOVIES S, ella ha ido al cine HAS TOM BEGUN TO READ THE BOOK? Ha empezado Tom a leer el libro? NO TOM HASN'T BEGUN No, Tom no ha empezado HAVE ALL THE EMPLOYEES LEFT THE OFFICE? Han salido todos los empleados de la oficina? HAVE THEY LEFT THE OFFICE? Han salido ellos (ellas) de la oficina? NO, THEY HAVEN'T LEFT THE OFFICE No, ellos no han salido de la oficina HAS HELLEN TALKED TO MARIO? Ha platicado Hellen con Mario? YES SHE HAS S HAD HELLEN ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY THE CAR? Tena Hellen suficiente dinero para comprar el auto? HAS MIKE SEEN SUSAN? Ha visto Mike a Susana? HE HASN'T SEEN SUSAN FOR YEARS El no ha visto a Susana por aos HAVE YOU BEEN WAITING FOR A LONG TIME? Has estado esperando por mucho tiempo? NO, I HAVEN'T BEEN WAITING FOR A LONG TIME No, Yo no he estado esperando por mucho tiempo HAS SHE BEEN RUNNING? Ha estado ella corriendo?

YES SHE HAS S HAS TOM WORKED ENOUGH? Ha trabajado Tom lo suficiente? HAS TOM BEEN WORKING ENOUGH? Ha estado trabajando Tom lo suficiente? HAVE YOU SLEPT IN A COMFORTABLE BED? Han dormido ustedes en una cama confortable? HAVE YOU BEEN SLEEPING IN A COMPORTABLE BED? Han estado ustedes durmiendo en una cama confortable? HAVE YOU HAD MY BOOK? Has tenido mi libro? YES I HAVE HAD IT FOR A WEEK S, lo he tenido por una semana HAS SHE HAD TIME TO SLEEP ENOUGH? Ha tenido ella tiempo de dormir lo suficiente? YES, SHE HAS HAD TIME TO SLEEP WELL S, ella ha tenido tiempo de dormir bien

2.4. Tiempos verbales-Verb tenses

2.4.1. Present tenses- Tiempos verbales de presente. 2.4.1.1.Simple Present tense- Presente simple. Este es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente y con una frecuencia determinada, es decir, cada da, cada maana, etc. Ej.: John washes the dishes every day. (John lava los platos cada da). Forma negativa del Simple Present: Sujeto+Do not o don't/does not o doesn't +verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John does not/doesn't wash the dishes every day. Forma interrogativa del Simple Present: Do/does+ sujeto+ verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos.

Ej.: Does John wash the dishes every day? Para la negacin y la interrogacin de las frases con este tiempo verbal, necesitamos el verbo auxiliar (to) do. 2.4.1.2.Present Continuous/Progressive tense- Presente Continuo: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente, en el mismo momento en el que se est enunciando la frase. El Present Continuous se forma con el presente del verbo (to) be ms el verbo de la accin en gerundio (Infinitivo+-ing). Ej.: John is washing the dishes right now. (John est lavando los platos ahora mismo). Forma negativa del Present Continuous/Progressive: Sujeto+is/are+not+verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos. Ej: John is not/isn't washing the dishes right now. Forma interrogativa del Present Continuous/Progressive: Is/are+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos? 2.4.2. Past tenses-Tiempos verbales de pasado. 2.4.2.1.Simple past tense- Pasado simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, sin que importe excesivamente el momento del pasado en el que tuvieron lugar. Ej.: John washed the dishes yesterday evening. (John lav los platos ayer por la tarde).

Para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa del Simple Past, necesitamos la ayuda del verbo auxiliar (to) do, esta vez con su tiempo en pasado, DID. Forma negativa del Simple Past: Sujeto+ DID not/didn't+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+Complementos. Ej.: John didn't wash the dishes yesterday evening. Forma interrogativa del Simple Past: DID+ Sujeto+ verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Did John wash the dishes yesterday evening?

En ingls, hay dos tipos de Simple Past o de pasado simple: el regular o el irregular. Los verbos regulares forman el Simple Past aadiendo el sufijo -ed al infinitivo y los verbos irregulares forman su Simple Past sin seguir ninguna regla. En este apartado de la pgina tienes acceso a la lista completa de todos los verbos irregulares que hay en ingls. Un ejemplo de Simple Past regular es el del verbo (to) wash= (lavar), cuyo Simple Past es washed y un ejemplo de verbo irregular es el de (to) break= (romper) , cuyo Simple Past es broke. 2.4.2.2.Past Continuous/Progressive Tense- Pasado continuo: Es un tiempo verbal en el que se expresan acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, pero en un momento concreto. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el pasado del verbo (to) be (was o were)+ el verbo de la accin en gerundio (infinitivo+-ing). Ej: John was washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. (John estaba lavando los platos a las ocho ayer por la noche). Forma negativa del Past Continous/Progressive: Sujeto+ Was not o wasn't/were not o weren't+ Verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos. Ej.: John was not/wasn't washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. Forma interrogativa del Past Continuous/Progressive: Was/were+Sujeto+Verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos?. Ej.: Was John washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night? 2.4.2.3.Present Perfect tense- Pretrito Perfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el presente del verbo (to) have, has o have+el participio del verbo de la accin: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej.: John has washed the dishes this morning. (John ha lavado los platos esta maana). Forma negativa del Present Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ has not o hasn't /have not o haven't + Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John has not/ hasn't washed the dishes this morning. Forma interrogativa del Present Perfect Tense: Has/Have+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la

accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: Has John washed the dishes this morning? 2.4.2.4.Past perfect tense-Pretrito pluscuamperfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado menos reciente que el que se expresa en el Present Perfect. Es lo que se denomina el pasado del pasado (past in the past). Se forma con el verbo (to) have en pasado, had+ el participio del verbo de la accin: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej: John had washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. (John haba lavado los platos a las dos de la tarde). Forma negativa del Past Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ had not/hadn't+ Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John had not/hadn't washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. Forma interrogativa del Past Perfect Tense: Had+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. 2.4.3) Future tenses- Tiempos verbales de futuro 2.4.3.1.Simple future- Futuro simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro, sin importar excesivamente el momento. Se forma con la partcula will+ el infinitivo del verbo de la accin sin el (to). Ej.: John will wash the dishes tomorrow. (John lavar los platos maana). Forma negativa del Simple Future: Sujeto+ will not/won't+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John will not/ won't wash the dishes tomorrow. Forma interrogativa del Simple Future: Will+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: Will John wash the dishes tomorrow?. 2.4.3.2)Near future- Futuro prximo: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro, pero se trata de un futuro muy cercano al momento en el que se habla. Se forma con el verbo (to) be en presente (is o are), seguido de GOING TO+ el infinitivo del verbo de la accin.

Ej.: John is going to wash the dishes tonight. (John va a lavar los platos esta noche). Forma negativa del Near Future: Sujeto+ is not o isn't/ are not o aren't+ Going to+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John is not/isn't going to wash the dishes tonight. Forma interrogativa del Near Future: Is/are+ Sujeto+ Going to+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos?. Ej.: Is John going to wash the dishes tonight? Adems de estos tiempos verbales bsicos, existen otros compuestos a partir de estos que ya hemos visto, que irs conociendo a medida que vayas avanzando en tu conocimiento del ingls. Despus de este breve apunte sobre los tiempos verbales, te facilitamos unos ejercicios para que compruebes si has comprendido el apartado anterior.

los verbos irregulares en ingls (=English irregular verbs)

En ingls, hay una serie de verbos cuyo Simple Past (Pasado Simple) y Past Participle (participio pasado) no siguen ninguna regla, y por lo tanto, son los llamados verbos irregulares. Aqu tienes una lista con todos ellos y ejemplos que ilustran estos verbos: 1) (to) arise: surgir, levantarse. Simple Past: arose.

Past Participle: arisen. Ex.: The sun has risen on the east. (El sol se ha levantado por el este). 2) (to) awake: despertarse. Simple Past: awoke. Past Participle: awoken. Ex.: The boy had awaken when his parents arrived. (El chico se haba despertado cuando llegaron sus padres). 3) (to) be/ am, are, is: ser, estar. Simple Past: was / were. Past Participle: been. Ex.: Tom had been in London for three years. (Tom haba estado en Londres durante tres aos). 4) (to) bear: dar a luz, soportar. Simple Past: bore. Past Participle: born. Ex.: Jill bore a big child last night. (Jill dio a luz a un nio grande anoche). 5) (to) beat: vencer, golpear. Simple Past: beat. Past Participle: beaten. Ex.: James had beaten his brother's nose at the school. 6) (to) become: convertirse en, llegar a ser. Simple Past: became. Past Participle: become. Ex.: Hugh had become a very good guitar player last year (Hugh se haba convertido en un buen guitarrista el ao pasado). 7) (to) begin: comenzar, empezar. Simple Past: began. Past Participle: begun. Ex.: John has begun his career as an actor. John ha empezado su carrera como actor.

8) (to) bend: curvarse, doblar. Simple Past: bent. Past Participle: bent. Ex.: Rachel has bent the knife this morning. (Rachel ha doblado el cuchillo esta maana). 9) (to) bet: apostar. Simple Past: bet. Past Participle: bet. Ex.: Holly has bet ten dollars for her favourite football team. (Holly ha apostado diez dlares por su equipo de ftbol favorito). 10) (to) bind: atar, encuadernar. Simple Past: bound. Past Participle: bound. Ex.: The teachers had bound the book last semester. (Los profesores haban encuadernado el libro el semestre pasado). 11) (to) bid: pujar. Simple Past: bid. Past Participle: bid. Ex.: Helen had bid for the bowl in the last auction. (Helen haba pujado por el jarrn en la pasada subasta). 12) (to) bite: morder. Simple Past: bit. Past Participle: bitten. Ex.: Ursula had bitten her brother when they were eight years old. (rsula haba mordido a su hermano cuando los dos tenan ocho aos). 13) (to) bleed: sangrar. Simple Past: bled. Past Participle: bled. Ex.: Hugh's nose has bled all the morning. 14) (to) blow: soplar, hinchar. Simple Past: blew. Past Participle: blown.

Ex.: Gary had blown his birthday's candles at home. (Gary haba soplado sus velas de cumpleaos en casa). 15) (to) break: romper. Simple Past: broke. Past Participle: broken. Ex.: James had broken the glass last night. (James haba roto el cristal anoche). 16) (to) breed: criar, alimentar. Simple Past: bred. Past Participle: bred. Ex.: James has bred two horses in his farm. (James ha crado dos caballos en su granja). 17) (to) bring: traer, llevar. Simple Past: brought. Past Participle: brought. Ex.: Jim had brought the bycicle to his house when I saw him (Jim haba llevado la bicicleta a su casa cuando yo le vi). (to) broadcast: emitir, radiar, difundir por la televisin. Simple Past: broadcast. Past Participle: broadcast. Ex.: The BBC has broadcast the show this morning. (La BBC ha emitido el espectculo esta maana). 18) (to) build: construir, edificar Simple Past: built. Past Participle: built. Ex.: John had built a house near Menorca last month. (John haba construido/edificado una casa cerca de Menorca). 19-(to) burn: quemar, arder. Simple Past: burnt /burned. Past Participle: burnt / burned. Ex.: Hugh has burnt the book when he has finished the exam. (Hugh ha quemado el libro cuando l ha acabado el examen).

20) (to) burst: reventar, estallar. Simple Past: burst Past Participle: burst. Ex.: Yasmina has burst into tears this morning. (Yasmina ha estallado en lgrimas esta maana). 21) (to) buy: comprar. Simple Past: bought. Past Participle: bought. Ex.: The teacher had bought pencils for the exam. (La profesora haba comprado lpices para el examen). 22) (to) cast: arrojar, tirar. Simple Past: cast. Past Participle: cast. Ex.: My sister had cast the plant yesterday night. (Mi hermana haba tirado la planta ayer por la noche). 23) (to) catch: coger. Simple Past: caught. Past Participle: caught. Ex.: The boy had caught the bus when Molly arrived. (El chico haba cogido el bus cuando lleg Molly). 24) (to) come: venir. Simple Past: came. Past Participle: come. Ex.: Francis had come to my house when Susan arrived. (Francis haba venido a mi casa cuando Susan lleg) 25) (to) cost: costar. Simple Past: cost. Past Participle: cost. Ex.: The pencil has cost one euro. (El lpiz haba costado un euro). 26) (to) cut: cortar. Simple Past: cut. Past Participle: cut.

Ex.: Ursula has cut the steak with a small knife. (Ursula ha cortado el filete con un cuchillo). 27) (to) choose: escoger, elegir. Simple Past: chose. Past Participle: chosen 28) (to) cling: agarrarse, aferrarse. Simple Past: clung. Past Participle: clung. Ex.: The football player has clung to the stick this afternoon. (El jugador de ftbol se ha agarrado al palo esta tarde). 29) (to) creep: arrastrarse. Simple Past: crept. Past Participle; crept. Ex.: The dog has crept on the floor all the morning. (El perro se ha arrastrado en el suelo toda la maana). 30) (to) deal: tratar. Simple Past: dealt. Past Participle: dealt. Ex.: Our factory has dealt with another important company. (Nuestra empresa ha tratado con otra compaa importante). 31) (to) dig: cavar. Simple Past: dug Past Participle: dug. Ex.: Herbert has dug a hole in his garden. (Herbert ha cavado un agujero en su jardn). 32) (to) do/does: hacer. Simple Past: did. Past Participle: done. Ex.: Muriel has done the homework at a friend's house. (Muriel ha hecho los deberes en casa de una amiga). 33) (to) draw: dibujar, pintar.

Simple Past: drew. Past Participle: drawn. Ex.: The little boy has drawn an elephant this morning. (El nio pequeo ha dibujado un elefante esta maana). 34) (to) dream: soar. Simple Past: dreamt / dreamed. Past Participle: dreamt / dreamed. Ex.: Jules has dreamt all night. (Jules ha soado toda la noche). 35) (to) drink: beber. Simple Past: drank. Past Participle: drunk. Ex.: Hugh has drunk wine all the afternoon. (Hugh ha bebido vino toda la tarde). 36) (to) drive: conducir. Simple Past: drove. Past Participle: driven. Ex.: You have driven to the beach this morning. (T has conducido hasta la playa esta maana). 37) (to) eat: comer. Simple Past: ate. Past Participle: eaten. Ex.: Helen has eaten a sandwich at home. (Helen ha comido un sandwich en casa). 38) (to) fall: caer/se. Simple Past: fell. Past Participle: fallen. Ex.: Jim has fallen from the stairs when he has arrived home. (Jim se ha cado de las escaleras cuando l ha llegado a casa). 39) (to) feed: alimentar. Simple Past: fed. Past Participle: fed. Ex.: Ulrich has fed his dogs with bread. (Ulrich ha alimentado a sus perros con

pan. 40) (to) feel: sentir. Simple Past: felt. Past Participle: felt. Ex.: James has felt love when he has seen the girl. (James ha sentido amor cuando ha visto a la chica). 41) (to) fight: luchar. Simple Past: fought. Past Participle: fought. Ex.: The dog has fought against the cat. (El perro ha luchado contra el gato) 42) (to) find: encontrar. Simple Past: found. Past Participle: found. 43) (to) flee: huir. Simple Past: fled. Past Participle: fled. Ex.: John has fled the country with his wife. (John ha huido del pas con su mujer). 44) (to) fly: volar. Simple Past: flew. Past Participle: flown. Ex.: Paul has flown from Barcelona to Paris this morning. (Paul ha volado de Barcelona a Pars esta maana). 45) (to) forbid: prohibir. Simple Past: forbade. Past Participle: forbidden. Ex.: Juliana has forbidden red dresses in her class. 46) (to) forget: olvidar. Simple Past: forgot. Past Participle: forgotten

Ex.: James has forgotten the key in the bar. (James ha olvidado la llave en el bar). 47) (to) forgive: perdonar. Simple Past: forgave. Past Participle: forgiven. Ex.: Helmut has forgiven the mistake this month. (Helmut ha perdonado el error este mes). 48) (to) freeze: helar, congelar. Simple Past: froze. Past Participle: frozen. Ex: The snow has frozen on the roof. (La nieve se ha helado en el tejado. 49) (to) get: conseguir, lograr, obtener. Simple Past: got. Past Participle: got / gotten. Ex.: Mary has got a new bicycle this week. (Mary ha conseguido una nueva bicicleta esta semana). 50) (to) give: dar. Simple Past: gave. Past Participle: given. Ex: Some boys have given a cake to the brown dog. 51) (to) go/ goes: ir. Simple Past: went. Past Participle: gone. Ex.: A mouse has gone to his house this morning. (Un ratn ha ido a su casa esta maana. 52) (to) grow: crecer. Simple Past: grew. Past participle: grown. Ex.: The farmer has grown potatoes in his orchard. (El granjero ha cultivado patatas en su huerto). 53) (to) grind: moler.

Simple Past: ground. Past Participle: ground. Ex.: Robert has ground the coffee this month. (Robert ha molido el caf este mes).

54) (to) hang: colgar. Simple Past: hung. Past Participle: hung. Ex.: My sister has hung the picture on the wall. (Mi hermana ha colgado el cuadro en la pared). 55) (to) have : tener, haber. Simple Past: had. Past Participle: had. Ex.: My friend has had a baby this morning. (Mi amiga ha tenido un beb esta maana). 56) (to) hear: or. Simple Past: heard. Past Participle: heard. Ex.: Jim has heard a bird on the roof this morning. (Jim ha odo un pjaro en el tejado esta maana). 57) (to) hide: esconder, esconderse. Simple Past: hid. Past Participle: hidden. Ex.: Gary has hidden the bread in his room. (Gary ha escondido el pan en su habitacin). 58) (to) hit: golpear. Simple Past: hit. Past Participle: hit. Ex.: John has hit the ball with his arm. (John ha golpeado la pelota con su brazo). 59) (to) hold: agarrar, celebrar.mantener, coger. Simple Past: held. Past Participle: held.

Ex.: The boss has held a meeting in the USA this week. 60) (to) hurt: herir, daar. Simple Past: hurt. Past Participle: hurt. Ex.: The elephant has hurt the tourist knee at the safari. (El elefante ha herido la rodilla del turista en el safari). 61) (to) keep: guardar, mantener. Simple Past: kept. Past Participle: kept. Ex.: The woman has kept the milk in the fridge. (La mujer ha guardado la leche en la nevera). 62) (to) know: conocer, saber. Simple Past: knew. Past Participle: known. Ex.: Umberto has known his wife since they were young. (Umberto conoce a su mujer desde que eran jvenes). 63) (to) kneel: arrodillarse. Simple Past: knelt. Past Participle: knelt. Ex.: The nun has knelt in the church. 64) (to) knit: hacer punto. Simple Past: knit. Past Participle: knit. Ex.: The old woman has knit all the morning at her house. (La mujer mayor ha hecho punto toda la maana en su casa). 65) (to) lay: poner. Simple Past: laid. Past Participle: laid. Ex.: Her friends have laid a present beside the door. (Sus amigos han puesto un regalo al lado de la puerta). 66) (to) lead: conducir, dirigir.

Simple Past: led. Past Participle: led. Ex.: Yoko has lead the Japanese tourists to the cathedral this morning. (Yoko ha dirigido a los turistas japoneses a la catedral esta maana). 67) (to) lean: apoyarse. Simple Past: leant. Past Participle: leant. Ex.: The girls have leant on the wall this afternoon. (Las chicas se han apoyado en el muro esta tarde). 68) (to) leap: brincar. Simple Past: leapt. Past Participle: leapt. Ex.: Your father has leapt when he has seen your new car. (Tu padre ha brincado cuando ha visto tu coche nuevo). 69) (to) learn: aprender. Simple Past: learnt / learned. Past Participle: learnt / learned. Ex.: Yoshi has learnt Catalan this year. (Yoshi ha aprendido cataln este ao). 70) (to) leave: dejar. Simple Past: left. Past Participle: left. Ex.: My brother has left his flat this week. (Mi hermano ha dejado su piso este mes). 71) (to) lend: prestar. Simple Past: lent. Past Participle: lent. Ex.: My neighbour has lent me his car to go to the supermarket. (Mi vecino me ha prestado su coche para ir al supermercado). 72) (to) let: dejar, permitir. Simple Past: let. Past Participle: let. Ex.: Her sister has let me make an omelette in her house. (Su hermana me ha

dejado hacer una tortilla en su casa). 73) (to) lie: echarse. Simple Past: lay. Past Participle: lain. Ex.: Our family has lain on the grass after lunch. (Nuestra familia se ha echado en el csped despus del almuerzo). 74) (to) light: encender. Simple Past: lit. Past Participle: lit. Ex.: Anthony has lit a cigarette this morning. (Anthony ha encendido un cigarrillo esta maana). 75) (to) lose: perder. Simple Past: lost. Past Participle: lost. Ex.: The student has lost his books in the train. (El estudiante ha perdido sus libros en el tren). 76) (to) make: hacer, fabricar. Simple Past: made. Past Participle: made. Ex.: The baker has made a big cake for his daughter's birthday. (El panadero ha hecho un gran pastel para el cumpleaos de su hija). 77) (to) mean: significar. Simple Past: meant. Past Participle: meant. Ex.: Paul's leaving has meant a big loss for Susan. La partida de Paul ha significado una gran prdida para Susan). 78) (to) meet: conocerse por primera vez, encontrarse. Simple Past: met. Past Participle: met. Ex.: Anne has met a friend at the cinema. (Anne se ha encontrado a un amigo en el cine). 79) (to) mistake: errar, equivocarse.

Simple Past: mistook. Past Participle: mistaken. Ex.: They have mistaken one bag for another one. (Ellos han equivocado una cartera por otra). 80) (to) overcome: vencer. Simple Past: overcame. Past Participle: overcome. Ex.: James has overcome his illness this year. (James ha superado su enfermedad este ao). 81) (to) pay: pagar. Simple Past: paid. Past Participle: paid. Ex.: Chrales has paid a thousand euros for a boat. (James ha pagado mil euros por una barca). 82) (to) put: poner. Simple Past: put. Past Participle: put. Ex.: You have put the trousers inside the cupboard. (T has puesto los pantalones dentro del armario. 83) (to) read: leer. Simple Past: read. Past Participle: read. Ex.: They have read Joseph's novel this semester. (Ellos han ledo la novela de Joseph este semestre). 84) (to) ride: conducir, montar. Simple Past: rode. Past Participle: ridden. Ex.: My friend has ridden a horse this week-end. (Mi amiga ha montado a caballo este fin de semana). 85) (to) ring: llamar (al timbre o por telfono). Simple Past: rang. Past Participle: rung.

Ex.: The boy has rung Mary this afternoon. (El chico ha llamado a Mary esta tarde). 86) (to) rise: elevarse, levantarse. Simple Past: rose. Past Participle: risen. Ex.: The sun has risen very early this morning. (El sol ha salido muy temprano esta maana). 87) (to) run: correr. Simple Past: ran. Past Participle: run. Ex.: Tim has run all the morning to practice some sport. (Tom ha corrido toda la maana para practicar algo de deporte). 88) (to) say: decir. Simple Past: said. Past Participle: said. Ex.: Gertrud has said no to her husband's command. (Gertrud ha dicho que no a la peticin de su marido). 89) (to) see: ver. Simple Past: saw. Past Participle: seen. Ex.: Harold has seen "Frida" this week. (Harold ha visto "Frida" esta semana). 90) (to) seek: buscar. Simple Past: sought. Past Participle: sought. Ex.: John has sought his wallet at home. (John ha buscado su monedero en casa). 91) (to) sell: vender. Simple Past: sold. Past Participle: sold. Ex.: Marius has sold his bicycle this morning. (Marius ha vendido su bicicleta esta maana). 92) (to) send: enviar.

Simple Past: sent. Past Participle: sent. Ex.: The teacher has sent a letter to his pupils' parents. (El profesor ha enviado una carta a los padres de sus alumnos). 93) (to) set: poner (se) Simple Past: set. Past Participle: set. Ex.: The sun has set at six this evening. (El sol se ha puesto a las seis esta tarde). 94) (to) sew: coser. Simple Past: sewed. Past Participle: sewed / sewn. Ex.: My boyfriend's mother has sewed/sewn a very beautiful green dress. 95) (to) shake: sacudir. Simple Past: shook. Past Participle: shaken. Ex.: The boy has shaken the bag at the school. (El chico ha sacudido la bolsa esta maana). 96) (to) shear: esquilar. Simple Past: shore. Past Participle: shorn. Ex.: The old man has shorn the sheep to get wool. (El hombre mayor ha esquilado a la oveja para conseguir lana). 97) (to) shine: brillar. Simple Past: shone. Past Participle: shone Ex.: The sun has shone all the morning. (El sol ha brillado toda la maana). 98) (to) shoot: disparar. Simple Past: shot. Past Participle: shot. Ex: The tall man has shot the short one. (El hombre alto ha disparado al hombre bajo).

99) (to) show: ensear, mostrar. Simple Past: showed. Past Participle: shown. The director has shown his script to the actors. (El director ha mostrado su guin a los actores). 100) (to) shrink: encoger/se. Simple Past: shrank. Past Participle: shrunk. Ex.: The shirt has shrunk inside the washing machine. 101) (to) shut: cerrar. Simple Past: shut. Past participle: shut. Ex.: The shop has shut at eight this evening. (La tienda ha cerrado a las ocho esta tarde). 102) (to) sing: cantar. Simple Past: sang. Past Participle: sung. Ex.: George Michael has sung a lot of songs in the show. (George Michael ha cantado un montn de canciones en el espectculo). 103) (to) sink: hundirse. Simple Past: sank. Past Participle: sunk. Ex.: The big ship has sunk in the Atlantic Ocean. (El gran barco se ha hundido en el Ocano Atlntico). 104) (to) sit: sentar/se. Simple Past: sat. Past Participle: sat. Ex.: Juliette has sat in front of her sister in the classroom. (Juliette se ha sentado en frente de su hermana en la clase). 105) (to) sleep: dormir. Simple Past: slept.

Past Participle: The little baby has slept in her parents' bed. (El beb ha dormido en la cama de sus padres). 106) (to) slide: deslizarse, resbalar. Simple Past: slid. Past Participle: slid. 107) (to) smell: oler. Simple Past: smelt. Past Participle: smelt. Ex.: James has smelt the strawbeery cheese cake from his room. (James ha olido el pastel de queso con fresas desde su habitacin). 108) (to) sow: sembrar. Simple Past: sowed. Past Participle: sowed / sown. Ex.: The farmer has sowed/sown all the seeds this afternoon. (El granjero ha sembrado todas las semillas esta tarde). 109) (to) speak: hablar. Simple Past: spoke. Past Participle: spoken. Ex.: Madonna has spoken to her manager because he was angry with her. (Madonna ha hablado con su manager porque l estaba enfadado con ella). 110) (to) speed: acelerar. Simple Past: sped. Past Participle: sped. Ex.: Fonsi Nieto has sped his motorbike at the race. (Fonsi Nieto ha acelerado su moto en la carrera). 111) (to) spell: deletrear. Simple Past: spelt. Past Participle: spelt. Ex.: Monica's baby has spelt her name this morning. (La nia de Mnica ha deletreado su nombre esta maana). 112) (to) spend: gastar. Simple Past: spent.

Past Participle: spent. Ex.: Antonio Banderas and Melanie Griffith have spent their holidays at Malaga. (Antonio Banderas y Melanie Griffith han pasado sus vacaciones en Mlaga). 113) (to) spill: derramar. Simple Past: spilt / spilled. Past Participle: spilt / spilled. Ex.: The dog has spilled/spilt the oil on the floor. (El perro ha derramado el aceite en el suelo). 114) (to) spin: hilar. Simple Past: spun. Past Participle: spun. Ex.: The dress maker has spun the shirt. (La sastra ha hilado la camisa). 115) (to) spit: escupir. Simple Past: spat. Past Participle: spat. Ex.: The boy has spat at the bathroom after lunch. (El chico ha escupido en el bao despus del almuerzo). 116) (to) split: hender, partir, rajar. Simple Past: split. Past Participle: split. Ex.: The couple has split the melon at home. (La pareja ha partido el meln en su casa). 117) (to) spoil: estropear. Simple Past: spoilt / spoiled. Simple Past: spoilt / spoiled. Ex.: My sister has spoilt the hair drier. (Mi hermana ha estropeado el secador). 118) (to) spread: extender. Simple Past: spread. Past Participle: spread. Ex.: Tom has spread the butter on the bread. (Tom ha extendido la mantequilla en el pan).

119) (to) spring: saltar. Simple Past: sprang. Past Participle: sprung. Ex.: The athlete has sprung from the balcony to the floor. (El atleta ha saltado desde el balcn hasta el suelo). 120) (to) stand: estar de pie. Simple Past: stood. Past Participle: stood. Ex.: The teacher has stood in front of the student for half an hour. (El profesor ha estado de pie delante del alumno durante media hora). 121) (to) steal: robar. Simple Past: stole. Past Participle: stolen. Ex.: The burglars have stolen a lot of pictures from the museum. (Los ladrones han robado muchos cuadros del museo). 122) (to) stick: pegar, engomar. Simple Past: stuck. Past Participle: stuck. Ex.: Daniel has stick the picture on his notebook. (Daniel ha pegado el dibujo en su libreta). 123) (to) sting: picar. Simple Past: stung. Past Participle: stung. Ex.: The wasp has stung the child at the swimming-pool. (La avispa ha picado al nio en la piscina). 124) (to stink: Apestar. Simple Past: stank/stunk. Past Participle: stunk. Ex.: The old house has stunk all the week. (La casa vieja ha apestado toda la semana). 125) (to) stride: dar zancadas.

Simple Past: strode. Past Participle: stridden. Ex.: The tall boy has stridden in the garden. (El chico alto ha dado zancadas en el jardn). 126) (to) strike: golpear. Simple Past: struck. Past Participle: struck. Ex.: The crazy fan has stroken Figo's head with a stick. (El fan loco ha golpeado la cabeza de Figo con un palo). 127) (to) swear: jurar. Simple Past: swore. Past Participle: sworn. Ex.: My friends have sworn that they did not see the film. (Mis amigos han jurado que ellos no vieron la pelcula). 128) (to) sweat: sudar. Simple Past: sweat. Past Participle: sweat. Ex.: Anna Kournikova has sweat a lot in the match. (Anna Kournikova ha sudado mucho en el partido). 129) (to) sweep: barrer. Simple Past: swept. Past Participle: swept. Ex.: Her father has swept the whole house this morning. (Su padre ha barrido toda la casa esta maana). 130) (to) swell: hincharse. Simple Past: swelled. Past Participle: swollen. Ex.: Harry's nose has swollen after the blow. (La nariz de Harry se ha hinchado despus del golpe). 131) (to) swim: nadar. Simple Past: swam. Past Participle: swum.

Ex.: Edward has swum 3 kilometers this week. (Edward ha nadado 3 kilmetros esta semana). 132) (to) swing: columpiarse. Simple Past: swung. Past participle: swung. Ex.: Mariona has swung at her grandparents' house. (Mariona se ha columpiado en casa de sus abuelos). 133) (to) take: coger. Simple Past: took. Past Participle: taken. Ex.: John Travolta has taken the sunglasses in the film. (John Travolta ha cogido las gafas de sol en la pelcula). 134) (to) teach: ensear, educar. Simple Past: taught. Past Participle: taught. Ex.: My father has taught me a lot of things for many years. (Mi padre me ha enseado muchas cosas durante muchos aos). 135) (to) tear: rasgar. Simple Past: tore. Past Participle: torn. Ex.: The dog has torn Mary's trousers when they were playing. (El perro ha rasgado los pantalones de Mary cuando ellos estaban jugando). 136) (to) tell: contar, explicar. Simple Past: told. Past Participle: told. Ex.: Sagrario has told a story to her niece. (Sagrario ha contado un cuento a su nieta). 137) (to) think: pensar. Simple Past: thought. Past Participle: thought.

Ex.: Timothy has thought about his girlfriend all the week-end. (Timothy ha pensado en su novia todo el fin de semana). 138) (to) throw: arrojar, tirar. Simple Past: threw. Past Participle: thrown. Ex.: Your mother has thrown your old green trousers. (Tu madre ha tirado tus viejos pantalones verdes). 139) (to) thrust: introducir. Simple Past: thrust. Past Participle: thrust. Ex.: Rachel has thrust the coin into the machine. (Rachel ha introducido la moneda en la mquina). 140) (to) tread: pisar, hollar. Simple Past: trod. Past Participle: trodden. Ex.: Neil Armstrong has trodden the moon surface for the first time. (Neil Armstrong ha pisado la superficie de la luna por primera vez). 141) (to) understand: entender, comprender. Simple Past: understood. Past Participle: understood. Ex.: Cristina has finally understood that I was angry with her. (Cristina ha entendido finalmente que yo estaba enfadada con ella). 142) (to) undergo: sufrir. Simple Past: underwent. Past Participle: undergone. Ex.: The doctor's daughter has undergone a terrible illness. (La hija del mdico ha sufrido una terrible enfermedad). 143) (to) undertake: emprender. Simple Past: undertook. Past Participle: undertaken. Ex.: Nuria and her husband have undertaken a long trip. (Nuria y su marido han emprendido un largo viaje).

144) (to) wake: despertar/despertarse. Simple Past: woke. Past Participle: woken. Ex.: I have woken up very happy with Panchi by my side. (Yo he despertado muy contenta con Panchi a mi lado). 145) (to) wear: llevar puesto, usar. Simple Past: wore. Past Participle: worn. Ex.: James has worn a blue shirt this morning. (James ha llevado puesta una camiseta azul esta maana). 146) (to) weave: tejer. Simple Past: wove. Past Participle: woven. Ex.: His grandmother has woven a very nice pullover for the winter. ( Su abuela le ha tejido un jersey muy bonito para el invierno). 147) (to) weep: sollozar. Simple Past: wept. Past Participle: wept. Ex.: John has wept in the cinema after the film. (John ha llorado en el cine despus de la pelcula). 148) (to) wet: mojar. Simple Past: wet. Past Participle: wet Ex.: The water has wet the blanket. (El agua ha mojado la sbana). 149) (to) win: ganar. Simple Past: won. Past Participle: won. Ex.: Real Madrid has won the Spanish Football Championship this year. (El Real Madrid ha ganado el Campeonato de ftbol espaol este ao). 150) (to) wind: enrollar. Simple Past: wound. Past Participle: wound.

Ex.: The cook has wound the jam inside the steak. (El cocinero ha enrollado el jamn dentro del filete). 151) (to) withdraw: retirarse. Simple Past: withdrew. Past Participle: withdrawn. Ex.: Mario Conde has withdrawn from the factory where he was working. (Mario Conde se ha retirado de la empresa en la que estaba trabajando). 152) (to) wring: torcer. Simple Past: wrung. Past Participle: wrung. Ex.: Mary has wrung her knee when she was dancing. (Mary se ha torcido el tobillo cuando estaba bailando). 153) (to) write: escribir. Simple Past: wrote. Past Participle: written. Ex.: My friend Joseph has written a very interesting novel. (Mi amigo Joseph ha escrito una novela muy interesante).
Conjugacin verbo have (tener o haber) infinitivo: to have presente: have / has pasado: had participio: had Modo indicativo
Presente (Present simple): yo tengo, t tienes, l tiene ...

sintaxis: sujeto + presente

I have You have He has She has

It has We have You have They have

Pretrito imperfecto / pasado simple (past simple): yo tena, l tena, t tenas...

sintaxis: sujeto + pasado del verbo

I had You had He had She had

It had We had You had They had

Pretrito perfecto compuesto (present perfect): yo he tenido, t has tenido, l ha tenido...

sintaxis: sujeto + have / has + participio del verbo

I have had You have had He has had She has had

It has had We have had You have had They have had

Pluscuamperfecto (past perfect): yo haba / hube tenido, t habas / hubiste tenido, l haba / hubo tenido...

sintaxis: sujeto + had + participio del verbo

I had had You had had He had had She had had

It had had We had had You had had They had had

Futuro (future): yo tendr, t tendrs, l tendr...

sintaxis: sujeto + will + verbo en infinitivo

I will have You will have He will have She will have

It will have We will have You will have They will have

Futuro perfecto (future perfect): yo habr tenido, t habras tenido, l habr tenido...

sintaxis: sujeto + will have + participio del verbo

I will have had You will have had He will have had She will have had

It will have had We will have had You will have had They will have had

Condicional (conditional): yo tendra, t tendras, l tendra...

sintaxis: sujeto + would/should + modo infinitivo del verbo

I would have You would have He would have She would have

It would have We would have You would have They would have

Condicional perfecto (past conditional): yo habra o hubiera tenido, t habras o hubieras tenido...

sintaxis: sujeto + would + have + participio del verbo

I would have had You would have had He would have had She would have had

It would have had We would have had You would have had They would have had

Modo Subjuntivo
Presente subjuntivo: Yo tenga, t tengas, l tenga...

sintaxis: sujeto + infinitivo

I have You have He have She have

It have We have You have They have

Pretrito imperfecto: yo tuviera, t tuvieras, l tuviera...

sintaxis: sujeto + pasado del verbo

I had You had He had She had

It had We had You had They had

Pluscuamperfecto: yo hubiera tenido, t hubieras tenido, l hubiera tenido...

sintaxis: sujeto +had + participio del verbo

I had had You had had

It had had We had had

He had had She had had

You had had They had had

VERBOS AUXILIARES
TO HAVE: Se usa para la formacin de los tiempos compuestos de pasado. TO BE: Se usa para la forma progresiva o contnua y la voz pasiva: I am eating apples, estoy comiendo manzanas; Hamlet was written by Shakespeare, Hamlet fue escrito por Shakespeare. DO - DID: Son auxiliares para las formas interrogativas y negativas de Presente Simple y Pasado Simple. SHALL - WILL: a) Se usan para formar el futuro y sus pasados: shall, para las primeras personas del singular y plural; will, para las restantes; b) En la forma interrogativa Will you? equivale a Quieres? SHOULD - WOULD: Se usan para formar los condicionales: should para las primeras personas del singular y plural; would, para las restantes. LET: Se usa para la tercera persona del singular y plural, y primera del plural del imperativo.

VERBO TO HAVE (tener, haber)

PRESENTE SIMPLE I have you have he has we have you have they have PASADO SIMPLE I had you had he had we had you had they had A Presente Simple Pasado Simple Presente Perfecto Pasado Perfecto Futuro Simple Condicional Simple Futuro Perfecto Condicional Perfecto PRESENTE PERFECTO I have had you have had he has had we have had you have had they have had PASADO PERFECTO I had had you had had he had had we had had you had had they had had FUTURO SIMPLE I shall have you will have he will have we shall have you will have they will have CONDICIONAL SIMPLE I should have you would have he would have we should have you would have they would have FUTURO PERFECTO I shall have had you will have had he will have had we shall have had you will have had they will have had CONDICIONAL PERFECTO I should have had you would have had he would have had we should have had you would have had they would have had

FORMA INTERROGATIVA have I? had I? have I had? had I had? shall I have? should I have? shall I have had? should I have had?

FORMA NEGATIVA I have not I had not I have not had I had not had I shall not have I should not have I shall not have had I should not have had

VERBO TO BE (ser, estar)

PRESENTE SIMPLE I am you are he is we are you are they are PASADO SIMPLE I was you were he was we were you were they were A Presente Simple Pasado Simple Presente Perfecto Pasado Perfecto Futuro Simple Condicional Simple Futuro Perfecto Condicional Perfecto PRESENTE PERFECTO I have been you have been he has been we have been you have been they have been PASADO PERFECTO I had been you had been he had been we had been you had been they had been FUTURO SIMPLE I shall be you will be he will be we shall be you will be they will be CONDICIONAL SIMPLE I should be you would be he would be we should be you would be they would be FUTURO PERFECTO I shall have been you will have been he will have been we shall have been you will have been they will have been CONDICIONAL PERFECTO I should have been you would have been he would have been we should have been you would have been they would have been

FORMA INTERROGATIVA am I? was I? have I been? had I been? shall I be? should I be? shall I have been? should I have been?

FORMA NEGATIVA I am not I was not I have not been I had not been I shall not be I should not be I shall not have been I should not have been